Unit3被动语态讲义 2024-2025学年沪教牛津版英语八年级下册

教师姓名 黄老师 学生姓名 年 级 C2 上课时间 学 科 英语 课题名称 被动语态 被动语态 【内容导航】 ·模块一 需要使用被动语态的情况 ·模块二 各时态的被动语态结构 ·模块三 主动语态和被动语态的转换 ·模块四 双宾语结构的被动转换 ·模块五 不能使用被动语态的词和词组 ·模块六 常见主动语态表被动的词和词组 ·模块七 have sth. done的双重含义 【概念引入】 一、含有被动语态的名言欣赏 Life is measured by thought and action, not by time. 衡量生命的尺度是思想和行动，而不是时间长短。 Men are known by his companions. 观其友而知其人。 Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的。 A friend without fault will never be found. 没有缺点的朋友永不可得。 二、被动语态的概念 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 　Many people speak Chinese. 许多人说汉语。 　谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 　Chinese is spoken by many people. 汉语被许多人说。 　主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。 【用法讲解】 一、需要使用被动语态的情况 1.不知道或不必提及动作的执行者 This bridge was built in 1700. 这座桥建于1700年。 2.强调动作的承受者 Frank was hit by a car. 弗兰克被车撞了。 3.说话者希望所说的内容更加客观，避免就自己不太肯定的事表态 It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable. 据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著。 二、被动语态结构 被动语态的基本结构为：be done 请完成表格：（以do为例） 一般 进行 完成 现在 _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ 过去 _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ 将来 __________________________________________ _____________________ 过去将来 _________________ ________________ ♥Attention♥ 含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done 芝士蛋糕必须得趁冷吃。 Cheese cake _____________________ cold. ★小试身手★ 请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空： 1)A speech _____________________ (give) this afternoon. 2)The classroom _____________________ (clean) every day. 3)Some effective measures _____________________ (take) since last year. 4)My mother’s favorite vase _____________________ (break) yesterday. 5)The book _____________________ (read) four times by the end of last semester. 6)An amusement park _____________________ (build) in our city now. 一般现在时：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词 　　You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。 一般过去时：was / were +及物动词的过去分词 China was liberated in 1949. 1949年中国解放。 一般将来时：will / shall be +及物动词的过去分词 　 The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 明天将对这个问题进行讨论。 现在完成时：have / has been +及物动词的过去分词 　 Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。 现在进行时：am / is / are being +及物动词的过去分词 　　My bike is being repaired. 我的自行车正在修理。 过去完成时：had been +及物动词的过去分词 　The book had been borrowed when I got to the library. 　　我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。 二、主动语态与被动语态的转换 （注意：根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。） 陈述句改为被动句 Step 1:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语 Step 2:动词结构作相应变化（be+过去分词） Step 3: by+主动语态的主语（可省略） Step 4:其他照抄 He was making a model plane. _________________________________________________________ 一般疑问句改为被动句 Step 1: be动词/情态动词/助动词放句首 Step 2:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语 Step 3:被动结构的其他成分 Step 4: by+主动语态的主语（可省略） Step 5:其他照抄 Did Mike’s teacher give much homework yesterday? _________________________________________________________ 特殊疑问句改为被动句 Step 1:特殊疑问词不变 Step 2: be动词/情态动词/助动词提前 Step 3:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语（主动语态特殊疑问词作宾语则这步省略） Step 4:被动结构的其他成分 Step 5: by+主动语态的主语（可省略） Step 6:其他照抄 1）When will Jack finish his homework? ________________________________ What did Linda’s father mend last night? 2）What _____________________ last night? ★小试身手★ 请把下列句子变为被动句： 1）I was sure people would punish him. _________________________________________________________ 2）They may open a new school next year. _____________________ 3) Can the boy pick up heavy weights? _____________________ 4) Will your mother kiss you on your wedding day next week? Will _____________________ on your wedding day next week? 双宾语结构的被动转换： 双宾语结构的转换原则 He gave her a rose. = He gave a rose to her. A rose _____________________. (物做主语有介词) She _____________________. (人做主语无介词) ★小试身手★ 请改写下列句子，保持句意不变： 1）My father bought me a Mini Cooper. 物做主语：______________________________________ 人做主语：______________________________________ 2）The waiter has not brought us the coffee. 物做主语：______________________________________ 人做主语：______________________________________ 不能使用被动语态的词和词组 不及物动词及短语 出现 _______________ 死 _______________ 消失 _______________ 躺 _______________ 升起 _______________ 同意 _______________ 属于 _______________ 爆发 _______________ 由…组成 _______________ 赶上 _______________ 发生 _______________ _______________ _______________ 静态动词 变成 _______________ 有益于 _______________ 等于 _______________ 失败 _______________ 包含 _______________ 缺少 _______________ 持续 _______________ 意味着 _______________ 值…钱 _______________ 适合 _______________ ____________ 常见主动语态表被动的词和词组 1.常见系动词： smell, sound, taste, feel, look, seem, appear, prove 井水尝起来好甜。 The well water_____________________这块丝绸布料摸起来很光滑。 2.This silk_____________________一些动词在主动表示被动时，通常和well等副词连用，这些动词有： clean/cut/cook/draw/play/read/sell/wash/wear/write/run/ride +well 这支笔很好写。 This pen _____________________ 这幅眼镜戴起来很舒服。 This pair of glasses _____________________ 3.用动名词的主动形式来代替被动，这类动词主要有： want/need/require/deserve +doing =want/need/require to be done 孩子们需要照看。 The children _____________________ 你值得拥有这些奖励。 You _____________________ 4.be worth doing sth. 某事值得做 Anything worth doing is worth doing well. 5._____________________be + adj. + to do 当这个句型的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，我们一般用主动表被动。 English is hard to learn.（English是to learn的逻辑宾语，所以不用被动。） 这本书很难跟上。(follow) _____________________ 他说的话很容易理解。(What he said) _____________________ have sth. done的双重含义 1.某事被别人完成 你多久剪一次头发？ How often do you _____________________ 2.某人的一种经历 我昨晚把手臂摔断了。 I_____________________ yesterday. 实践出真知 ★真题综合试炼★ 1．—Who’s the little girl in the photo? —It’s me. The photo ________ when I was five years old. A．took B．was taken C．is taken 2．It’s said that the kite _______ in China over 2000 years ago. A．invents B．invented C．was invented D．is invented 3．A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in Chengdu these days. A．plant B．are planted C．are planting 4．The panda Ya Ya ________ back to China on April 27th, 2023. A．is brought B．was brought C．will be brought 5．— Why do the elephants in Thailand have to ________? — Because humans there catch them for their ivory to make money. A．protect B．be protected C．are protected 6．The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now. A．was taught B．were taught C．taught 7．Panda Ya Ya ________ back to Beijing about three weeks ago. A．was brought B．is brought C．brought 8．The cake ______ by the hungry students quickly yesterday. A．eats B．is eaten C．was eaten 9．—Do Chinese people like ping-pong a lot? —Yes. It _______ by people of all ages. A．plays B．is played C．played D．was played 10．The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ every year. A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．Planted 11．Li Yan ________ to the welcome party yesterday. A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．will invite 12．—Do you think junior high school students ________ to get their ears pierced? —No, I don’t think so. It is against the school rules. A．should allow B．allow C．have allowed D．should be allowed 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$