Unit 1 Past and present单元重点单词变形短语语法句型知识点复习题-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（牛津译林版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 1 Past and present 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 词汇拓展 1. past (adj. ) ____________ (adj.)现在的___________(n.)未来 2. northern (adj.) __________(adj.)南方的 _____________(adj.) 东方的_______(adj.)西方的 3. married (adj.)___________(vt.) 结婚_________ (n.)婚姻 __________(n.) 丈夫 ________(n.) 妻子 4. block (n.) _____________(n.)街道__________(n.) 广场____________(n.) 市区 5. since (adv.) ____________ (adv.) 以前_________(adv) 曾经 ________(adv.) 近来__________(adv.)最后 6.pollution (n.) _______________(vt.)污染___________(n.) 空气污染__________(n.) 水污染 ________________(n.) 环境 7. waste (n.) _____________(vt.) 浪费______________(vt.)节约 8. impossible (adj.)_________________ (adv.)不可能地 ____________ (adv.) (反义词）可能地 ______________ (adj.)可能的 9. transport (n.) _______________ (n.)运输工具 10. abroad (adv.) _______________ (adj.) 国际的 11. primary (n.) ____________ (n.)幼儿园 __________(n.)中学___________(n.)大学 12. communication (n.) ______________(vt..)交流______________(vi.)交谈 重点短语 1.自从我出生 ________________________ 2. 搬家 __________________________ 3.在城镇北部 ________________________ 4. 结婚 __________________________ 5.改变了许多 ________________________ 6.许多小餐馆和商店 _______________ 7.城镇中心 ___________________________ 8.把废物倒进河里__________________ 9.在某些方面 ___________________________ 10.打牌 __________________________ 11.令人惊奇的变化______________________ 12.—生 __________________________ 13. move two blocks away _________________ 14. over the years ___________________ 15. take action __________________________ 16. improve the situation ______________ 17. from time to time ____________________ 18. go abroad _______________________ 19. at primary school ____________________ 20. keep in touch ____________________ 21. old houses __________________________ 22. on foot or by bicycle_______________ 23. have own cars ______________________ 24. a comfortable life _______________ 一、用单词的正确形式填空(本大题共30小题，每小题1.5分，共45分) 1．Have you seen any interesting films (recent)? 2．My brother (know) him since he was a child. 3．Danny and Daniel are brothers, and their (wife) are sisters. That’s interesting. 4．I sat in the garden and watched the (pass) cars. 5．It’s (possible) for us to finish so much work in such a short time. 6．Language is a major means of (communicate). 7．My uncle went to the (north) part of Africa to work as a volunteer last year. 8．There is a lot of (pollute) in the city. 9．Tell me what you (real) think about it. 10．We used (swim) in the river in the village. 11．Luckily, the government took action (make) laws to protect pandas. 12．Mr Li moved to another town after he got (marry). 13．My brother succeeded in his dream of being a pilot at the end of last year. (realize) 14．For the coming vacation, why not consider (improve) your study? 15．She’s putting a lot of work into (improve) her physics. 16．Grandpa lives in the countryside by himself, but he doesn’t feel (lone) because he has three dogs. 17．The teacher asked us to answer these questions in six words. (exact) 18．Many volunteers have realized the importance of (turn) the world into a better one. 19．David (forget) to bring his homework to school twice. 20．—Where have you been recently? I (not see) you for a long time. —Oh, I went to Nanjing last month and visited Zhongshan Mausoleum (中山陵). 21．Eddie feels very angry because Hobo has (eat) his food. 22．People invented different forms of transport at different (time). 23．It’s (polite) to leave without saying “Goodbye” to teachers. 24．After two weeks’ training, the dolphin got used to (communicate) with the visitors. 25．Look at the (amaze) changes in our town. 26．—It’s really nice (have) a beautiful flat.   —Yes, you’re right. 27．One of the shoe (factory) closed five months ago. 28．It will be colder in the (south) part of China next week. 29．The government should stop the factories from putting the (waste) into the lake. 30．The report is about the great (change) in Beijing over the past centuries. 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) 31．It is (不可能的) for you to arrive at the station on time. 32．I will have an (采访) with the superstar this weekend. 33．We (意识到) the importance of protecting the environment years ago. 34．He moved to another flat three (街区) away from here. 35．Many new (工厂) have been set up recently. 36．Tommy wasn’t good at (交流) with his classmates. 37．DIY (确切) stands for “do-it-yourself”. 38． (最近), I’ve been busy writing a novel. 39．I won’t feel (孤独的) any more while reading my favourite comic books. 40．She studied (在国外) for 3 years and now she works in Beijing University. 41． (总之), doing exercise is good for us. 42．They think doing housework is a (浪费) of time. 43．We should do more sports to be in good (条件). 44．—We should provide a good (环境) for ourselves, so we must protect it. —That’s true. 45．I have never read such an interesting story (以前). 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 46．She’s already done her homework.（改为否定句） She her homework . 47．这些年来, 那个城市发生了很大的变化。 in that city. 48．让我们采取行动来保护环境吧！ Let’s ! 49．政府已经将空地变成了一个剧场。 a theatre. 50．乘地铁去市中心又快又简单。 It’s . 51．They have already finished the work. （否定句） They the work . 52．David knows Cindy. He knew her ten years ago. (合并为一句) David Cindy ten years ago. 53．我一生中最初的20年曾经生活在那座城市。 I live in that city for the first twenty years of my life. 54．自从上次我们见到小学同学已经三年了。 three years we last met our primary classmates. 55．在某种程度上，我们的生活正变得越来越好。 , our life is becoming . 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。 Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. Nowadays, 56 (million) of Chinese leave the countryside to search for jobs in the cities. Among these 57 (be) Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. He has lived in Wenzhou for 13 years. “I used 58 (return) home at least once a year, but I haven’t been back for almost three years now. It’s a shame, but I just have no time,” he said. Many people like Zhong Wei are 59 (interest) in how their hometowns have changed. Perhaps large hospitals and new roads have appeared. In many places, the government has also built new schools and sent teachers from the cities 60 (help). “I have noticed that’s true of my hometown,” added Zhong Wei. “Children 61 (learn) to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century. But now the buildings are really old. I hear they 62 (build) a new school there.” He thinks such changes are good, and he also knows that his hometown cannot always stay the same. According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change. “In my hometown,there was a big old tree opposite the school. It is still there and 63 (become) quite a symbol of the place already. Most of the 64 (child) in my time liked to play together under that big tree. It was such a happy childhood. Our hometown has left many soft and sweet 65 (memory) in our hearts.” 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。 Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder and simpler than it is today. People didn’t have m 66 machines. Life today has brought new p 67 . One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes d 68 . It kills fish and affects drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more e 69 . Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It affects m 70 living things in the world. Cars, planes and factories a 71 pollute the air. To solve the problem, many countries are making laws to fight the pollution. Factories must clean their water b 72 it is thrown away. They mustn’t discharge (排出) dirty smoke into the air. We need to do many o 73 things. We can put waste things in dustbins and should not throw them on the ground. We can go to work by bus or share the same car with our friends. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less a 74 pollution. Laws are not e 75 . Every person must help reduce the pollution. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案 词汇拓展 1.present; future 2.southern; eastern; western 3.marry ; marriage; husband; wife 4.street; square; downtown 5.before; ever; recently; last 6.polluter air pollution; water pollution; environment 7.waste;save 8.impossibly; possibly; possible9. transportation 10. international 11. kindergarten; middle school; college/university 12. communicate; chat 重点短语 1. since l was born 2.move house 3.in the northern part of town 4.get married 5.change a lot 6.some small restaurants and shops 7.town centre 8.put the waste into the river 9. in some ways 10. play cards 11. amazing changes 12. all one's life 13. 搬到两个街区外14.多年以来 15．采取行动 16．改善情况 17．有时18.出国19.在小学20.保持联系21.老房子22-步行或骑自行车23．有私家车24．一种舒适的生活1．recently 【详解】句意：你最近看过什么有趣的电影吗？分析句子结构可知，空格处需填入一个副词来修饰动词seen，表示时间上的“最近”。recent“最近的，近来的”，形容词，其副词形式为recently。故填recently。 2．has known 【详解】句意：我哥哥从小就认识他。根据“since he was a child”可知，主句用现在完成时，主语是My brother，助动词用has，know的过去分词是known。故填has known。 3．wives 【详解】句意：丹尼和丹尼尔是兄弟，他们的妻子是姐妹。那很有趣。wife“妻子”，名词。根据空后are可知，该空应填名词复数形式wives。故填wives。 4．passing 【详解】句意：我坐在花园里看着经过的汽车。“经过的汽车”是现在进行时态，且“汽车经过”是主动关系，应该用现在分词作定语，修饰cars，故填passing。 5．impossible 【详解】句意：我们不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么多工作。根据“so much work in such a short time”可知，完成如此多工作在如此短时间内是不可能的，用possible的反义词impossible“不可能的”，作表语。故填impossible。 6．communication 【详解】句意：语言是主要的沟通手段。means of“……的手段”，后跟名词communication“交流”。故填communication。 7．northern 【详解】句意：我叔叔去年去非洲北部做志愿者。根据“My uncle went to the … part of Africa”可知，空处应使用形容词形式作定语，修饰名词“part”。northern“北方的”，形容词。故填northern。 8．pollution 【详解】句意：城市里有很多污染。a lot of后面可以接可数名词复数和不可数名词，pollute的名词形式为pollution，是不可数名词。故填pollution。 9．really 【详解】句意：告诉我你的真实想法。 修饰行为动词think用real的副词really“真正地”。故填really。 10．to swim 【详解】句意：我们过去在村里的河里游泳。used to do sth.表示“过去常常”。故填to swim。 11．to make 【详解】句意：幸运的是，政府采取行动制定了保护大熊猫的法律。take action to do sth“采取措施做某事”，是固定短语。故填to make。 12．married 【详解】句意：李先生结婚后搬到了另一个城镇。根据横线前的got是系动词，所以横线上是形容词，所以将marry变为形容词married“结婚的”。故填married。 13．realizing 【详解】句意：去年年底，我哥哥成功地实现了他当飞行员的梦想。realize“实现”。根据“My brother succeeded in”可知，succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”，介词后应用动名词作宾语。故填realizing。 14．improving 【详解】句意：对于即将到来的假期，为什么不考虑提高你的学习水平呢？improve“提高”，consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”。故填improving。 15．improving 【详解】句意：她在改进物理方面做了很多工作。介词into后加动名词improving“改善”。故填improving。 16．lonely 【详解】句意：爷爷自己一个人住在乡下，但是他不感到孤独，因为他有三条狗。根据“he doesn’t feel...”可知，此处需填一个形容词，作表语。lone“单独的”，通常不带有感情色彩；lonely“孤独的，寂寞的”，带有较强感情色彩。故填lonely。 17．exactly 【详解】句意：老师要求我们用六个词准确地回答这些问题。exact“准确的”，是形容词，修饰动宾短语answer these questions，用副词，故填exactly。 18．turning 【详解】句意：许多志愿者已经意识到让世界变得更美好的重要性。提示词turn意为“转折，变成”，此处为动词，介词of后应用其动名词形式turning，表示“将世界变得更美好的重要性”。故填turning。 19．has forgotten 【详解】句意：大卫已经两次忘记把他的作业带到学校来。根据“twice”可知，时态是现在完成时，结构为“has/have done”，主语David是第三人称单数，助动词用has，forget的过去分词为forgotten。故填has forgotten。 20．haven’t seen 【详解】句意：——你最近去哪儿了？我好久没见到你了  ——哦，我上个月去了南京，参观了中山陵。根据“recently”和“for a long time”，可知此处需使用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故填haven’t seen。 21．eaten 【详解】句意：埃迪感到非常生气，因为霍波吃了他的食物。结合空前的has，可知此处是现在完成时结构has done，因此动词用过去分词形式。故填eaten。 22．times 【详解】句意：人们在不同的时期发明了不同的交通工具。根据different可知空处填名词复数，time表示“时期”，可数名词，故填times。 23．impolite 【详解】句意：不跟老师说“再见”就走是不礼貌的。根据“leave without saying ‘Goodbye’ to teachers.”可知不跟老师说“再见”就走是不礼貌的，作be动词的表语用形容词impolite“不礼貌的”。故填impolite。 24．communicating 【详解】句意：经过两周的训练，海豚已经习惯了与游客交流。communicate“交流”，根据“got used to”可知，考查get used to doing“习惯于做某事”。故填communicating。 25．amazing 【详解】句意：看看我们镇发生的惊人变化。“changes”指物，其前缺少形容词作定语，用amaze的形容词形式amazing表示“惊人的，了不起的”。故填amazing。 26．to have 【详解】句意：——有一套漂亮的公寓真是太好了。——是的，你说得对。根据“It’s really nice ... (have) a beautiful flat.”可知此处it是形式主语，此处用动词不定式to have，作句子真正的主语。故填to have。 27．factories 【详解】句意：其中一家鞋厂五个月前倒闭了。one of+复数名词，表示“……之一”，此空应填复数名词，故填factories。 28．southern 【详解】句意：下周中国南部将会更冷。根据“It will be colder in the...part of China next week.”和提示词汇可知，下周中国南部将降温，定冠词the后需填形容词，修饰名词part，作定语，south“南部”，名词，形容词为southern“南部的”。故填southern。 29．waste 【详解】句意：政府应该阻止工厂把废物排入湖中。waste表示“废料，废弃物”，是不可数名词。故填waste。 30．changes 【详解】句意：这份报告是关于过去几个世纪北京发生的巨大变化。change“变化”，可数名词，此处是表示泛指，应用复数。故填changes。 31．impossible 【详解】句意：对你来说，准时到达车站是不可能的。根据句型：It’s+形容词+for sb to do sth表示“做某事对某人来说是……”，可知空格处需填入形容词作表语，结合中文提示，impossible“不可能的”，形容词。故填impossible。 32．interview 【详解】句意：这个周末我将采访这位超级明星。采访：interview，an后加可数名词单数。故填interview。 33．realized 【详解】句意：我们多年前就意识到保护环境的重要性。realize“意识到”，根据“years ago”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用动词的过去式。故填realized。 34．blocks 【详解】句意：他搬到了离这里三个街区远的另一套公寓。街区：block，three后加可数名词复数。故填blocks。 35．factories 【详解】句意：最近建了许多新工厂。factory“工厂”，many后跟名词的复数形式。故填factories。 36．communicating 【详解】句意：汤米不善于与同学交流。communicate“交流”，be good at doing sth“擅长做某事”，故填communicating。 37．exactly 【详解】句意：DIY就是“自己动手做”的意思。exactly“确切地”，在句中修饰动词短语，故填exactly。 38．Lately/Recently 【详解】lately/recently“最近”，副词修饰整个句子，句首需大写首字母。故填Lately/Recently。 39．lonely 【详解】句意：当我读我最喜欢的漫画书时，我不会再感到孤独了。lonely“孤独的”，在句中作表语，故填lonely。 40．abroad 【详解】句意：她在国外留学了3年，现在北京大学工作。根据中文提示可知，abroad表示“在国外”，study abroad“在国外留学”，故填abroad。 41．Anyway 【详解】句意：总之，锻炼身体对我们有好处。Anyway“总之”，故填Anyway。 42．waste 【详解】句意：他们认为做家务是浪费时间。“浪费”为waste，名词，a waste of“浪费……”，固定短语。故填waste。 43．condition 【详解】句意：我们应该做更多的运动来保持良好的状态。根据中文提示，condition“条件”符合语境，in good condition“状况良好”为固定表达。故填condition。 44．environment 【详解】句意：——我们应该为自己提供一个良好的环境，所以我们必须保护它。——是真的。根据汉语提示可知，environment表示“环境”，故填environment。 45．before 【详解】句意：我以前从未读过这么有趣的故事。以前：before，是副词，可用于现在完成时态中。故填before。 46． hasn’t done yet 【详解】句意：她已经做完作业了。She’s=She has，否定在has后加not，缩写为hasn’t，already用于肯定句，否定句改为yet，放在句末，故填hasn’t；done；yet。 47．Great changes have taken place over the years 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，空处缺少“这些年来”和“发生了很大的变化”， great changes：很大的变化，在句中作主语，首字母大写；发生：take place；这些年来：over the years。根据所给汉语提示可知，表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语Great changes表示复数含义，助动词用have，take的过去分词taken。故填Great changes have taken place over the years。 48．take action to protect the environment 【详解】采取行动做某事：take action to do sth.，let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”；保护环境：protect the environment。故填take action to protect the environment。 49．The government has turned the open space into 【详解】根据语境可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语是The government，助动词用has；把……变成……：turn...into；空地：the open space。故填The government has turned the open space into。 50．fast and easy to go to the city centre by underground 【详解】做某事是……的：it’s adj. to do sth.；又快又简单：fast and easy；去市中心：go to the city centre；乘地铁：by underground。故填fast and easy to go to the city centre by underground。 51． haven’t finished yet 【详解】句意：他们已经完成了这项工作。原句是现在完成时，改为否定句需在助动词have后加not变为haven’t，后接过去分词finished；改为否定句需把already变成yet。故填haven’t finished；yet。 52． has known since 【详解】句意：大卫认识辛迪。他十年前就认识她了。原句可以用since引导的时间状语从句来表达，意为“自从……以来”。since+过去时间，通常用于现在完成时态，结构为have/has+动词的过去分词。主语“David”是单数，助动词用has；know的过去分词为known。故填has known；since。 53． used to 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，曾经做某事：used to do sth，故填used；to。 54． It’s since 【详解】根据英汉对照可知，本题考查句型：It is+时间段+since从句，意为“自从……以来多长时间了”，故填It’s；since。 55． In some ways better and better 【详解】根据中英文对照，横线上缺的是“在某种程度上”In some ways；“越来越好”better and better。故填In some ways；better and better。 56．millions 57．is 58．to return 59．interested 60．to help 61．have learned/have learnt 62．will build 63．has become 64．children 65．memories 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章以钟伟为例，阐述一些人为了工作离开家乡，每年回到家乡都会看到一些改变，家乡给每个人都留下了甜美的回忆。 56．句意：如今，数以百万计的中国人离开农村到城市找工作。millions of表示“数百万”，为固定用法。故填millions。 57．句意：其中包括46岁的丈夫兼父亲钟伟。根据“Among these...Zhong Wei”可知，此处为倒装句，主语为Zhong Wei，表示单数，句子的时态为一般现在时，所以be动词用is。故填is。 58．句意：我过去每年至少回家一次，但现在已经快三年没有回来了。used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，为固定用法。故填to return。 59．句意：许多像钟伟这样的人对家乡的变化很感兴趣。be interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，为固定用法。故填interested。 60．句意：在许多地方，政府还修建了新学校，并从城市派遣教师提供帮助。send sb. to do sth.表示“派某人做某事”，空处用动词不定式。故填to help。 61．句意：从20世纪中期开始，孩子们就在我以前的小学里学会了阅读和数数。根据“since the mid-20th century”可知，句子的时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词；主语Children为复数，learn的过去分词为learned或learnt。故填have learned/have learnt。 62．句意：我听说他们将在那里建一所新学校。根据“I hear they...”可知是将建造一所学校，用一般将来时will do。故填will build。 63．句意：它仍然在那里，已经成为这个地方的一个象征。根据“already”可知，此处为现在完成时，其结构为have/has+done；主语it为单数，become的过去分词为become。故填has become。 64．句意：我那个时代的大多数孩子都喜欢在那棵大树下一起玩。根据“Most of”可知，此处用可数名词复数形式，child的复数为children。故填children。 65．句意：我们的家乡在我们心中留下了许多柔软而甜蜜的回忆。many后加可数名词复数。故填memories。 66．(m)odern 67．(p)roblems 68．(d)irty 69．(e)asily 70．(m)ost 71．(a)ll 72．(b)efore 73．(o)ther 74．(a)ir 75．(e)nough 【导语】本文介绍了现在的生活给我们带来很多污染，我们应该采取措施减少污染。 66．句意：人们没有现代机器。根据“Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder and simpler than it is today.”和首字母m可知，好几百年前，人们的生活更困难，没有现代机器，modern“现代的”，是形容词，修饰名词machines，故填(m)odern。 67．句意：今天的生活带来新问题。根据后文的“One of the biggest is pollution.”和首字母p可知，污染是生活带来的问题，problem“问题”，是名词，生活带来的问题不止一个，因此用复数名词，故填(p)roblems。 68．句意：水污染让我们的河流和湖泊脏了。make+sb/sth+形容词，表示“让某人或某物……”，再根据“Water pollution”可知，水污染，所以此处是指河流和湖泊脏了，dirty“脏的”，是形容词，故填(d)irty。 69．句意：噪音污染让我们说话更大声，更容易变得生气。根据“Noise pollution makes us talk louder”和首字母e可知，噪音污染让我们说话的声音大了，因此更容易生气，easily“容易地”，是副词，修饰动词短语become angry，故填(e)asily。 70．句意：它影响世界上大多数生物。根据“Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution”和首字母m可知，空气污染最严重，因此影响的生物数量多，所以是大多数的生物，most“大多数的”，是形容词，故填(m)ost。 71．句意：汽车，飞机和工厂都污染空气。根据主语“Cars, planes and factories”是复数形式，表示三者以上，用代词all做同位语，故填(a)ll。 72．句意：工厂必须在水被扔掉之前，把水弄干净。根据“ Factories must clean their water...it is thrown away.”可知，此处是指水被扔掉之前，把水弄干净，before“在……之前”。故填(b)efore。 73．句意：我们需要做很多其他的事情。根据“We can put waste things in dustbins and should not throw them on the ground.”和首字母o可知，此处表示我们为了治理污染，还有其他事情要做，other“其他的”，修饰复数名词，故填(o)ther。 74．句意：如果有更少的人开车，将有会更少的空气污染。根据“Cars, planes and factories a…pollute the air.”可知，汽车会污染空气，因此少开车，空气污染就少，air pollution“空气污染”，故填(a)ir。 75．句意：法律是不够的。根据“Every person must help reduce the pollution.”可知，每个人必须帮助减少污染，因此光靠法律是不够的，enough“足够的”，是形容词，此处作为系动词are的表语，故填(e)nough。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$