专题02 阅读理解之主旨要义题（练习）-【上好课】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练测（新高考通用）

专题02 阅读理解之主旨要义题 目录 01 模拟基础练 【题型一】阅读理解之主旨要义---文章标题题（最新模拟） 【题型二】阅读理解之主旨要义---文章大意题（最新模拟） 【题型三】阅读理解之主旨要义---段落大意题（最新模拟） 02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题） 03 真题实战练 【说明】因为是二轮复习，所以为了保持语篇的完整性，没有对语篇进行删减，对细节理解题进行了蓝色标注。 题型一 阅读理解之主旨要义---文章标题题 1.（2025·四川省绵阳市涪城区绵阳中学二模） Gobble, gobble, grab your turkey baster, it’s Thanksgiving. Canadian Thanksgiving, that is. Though the US version takes place on the fourth Thursday of November, Canada celebrates on the second Monday of October, which this year falls on October 14. For more insights into this annual great feast, we reached out to Andrew McIntosh, senior subject editor with the Canadian Encyclopedia. Naturally, we first had to address a question often asked by Americans — why does Canada celebrate Thanksgiving in October instead of November? Historically, he says, Thanksgiving in Canada has generally been about celebrating the fall harvest and giving thanks for the food it provides before the cold season sets in. “Winter comes a lot earlier in Canada, so our fall harvest happens earlier, too,” he says. “Canadian Thanksgiving was set as the second Monday in October, when the weather is still amenable to outdoor activities, in 1957.” But the country was celebrating long before that. The first official Thanksgiving holiday took place in 1879, and in the following years, it didn’t always happen in October. “The exact date for each year was determined annually by Parliament, which also assigned a unifying theme each year — it often centered around celebrating the monarchy,” says McIntosh. Interestingly, he notes the holiday occurred as late in the year as December 6 and even coincided with American Thanksgiving a few times. As for the present day, some Canadians — including this writer’s extended family — opt to host their Thanksgiving meal the day before the official Monday holiday, allowing those who drove or flew in for the long weekend time to journey back home and not have to take an extra day off work. 4．Why does Canada celebrate Thanksgiving in October instead of November? A．Because Canadians want to follow the historical convention. B．Because winter comes earlier. C．Because Canadians are accustomed to it. D．Because cold weather comes slower. 5．Which best explains the underlined word in the third paragraph? A．Adaptable. B．Suitable. C．Affordable. D．Imaginable. 6．Why do some Canadians host their Thanksgiving meal in advance? A．Because it is economical for them to do so. B．Because they are extremely homesick. C．Because they want to earn more money. D．Because they can go back to work in time. 7．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Thanksgiving in America. B．The Differences of Thanksgiving in USA and Canada. C．Thanksgiving in Canada. D．The Origins of Thanksgiving in America and Canada. 2.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测） Since wolves was put on the Endangered Species List, the predators (捕食者) have slowly returned to more of their habitats. But in every place where wolves recovered, heated debates followed — about their numbers, hunting and trapping rights. However, Minnesota is an exception. Some of the techniques used by Minnesotans to avoid conflicts may need to be adopted in other states if the predators continue to return. Minnesota is the only place in the United States to never kill all its wolves. More than 2,700 wolves live in Minnesota. The wolf population in Minnesota has been remarkably stable, bouncing between 2,400 and 3,000. That’s well above the original recovery goal of 1,400. The relatively fixed population shows that wolves have likely already spread to every part of the state that has enough food to support them and is far enough from men. Despite such high numbers, wolves attack cattle, turkeys and other animals on less than 2% of livestock (牲畜) operations in Minnesota. As wolf numbers have remained stable for nearly three decades, so have those conflicts. Farm owners have had mixed results using various methods to scare wolves away. The most adopted method comes from a farm on the border of Voyageurs National Park, where wolf researchers are building a 6-foot-high fence around the property. Early results show that wild wolves don’t seem to try to jump fences for food. However, there are still many unanswered questions, but most importantly to wildlife managers, exactly what does a healthy wolf population do for the ecosystem? To get the answer, researchers have come to Minnesota to learn about how wolves behave and survive. Now with GPS and tracking cameras, researchers are getting their first detailed look at how the secretive predators live all year round. 32．What can we learn about Minnesota? A．It never kills any of the wolves there. B．It provides ideal habitats for the wolves. C．It avoids disturbing normal wolf activities. D．It succeeds in handling human-wolf co-existence. 33．What does the stability of wolf population indicate? A．Wolves in Minnesota have adapted to the environment there. B．The Endangered Species List is effective and well carried out. C．The original recovery goal is too low and needs to be adjusted. D．Wolves are widely distributed and distant from human society. 34．What does the author think of building fences? A．Traditional. B．Rewarding. C．Economical. D．Thoughtful. 35．What is the best title for the text? A．Conflicts with Wolves Resolved Harmoniously. B．Wolf Population Recovered under Protection. C．Livestock Attacked Less by Wild Wolves. D．Heated Debate Aroused by Wolf Attacks. 3.（2025·辽宁省辽阳市高三期末） Animals and plants also live and thrive on public squares. This creates opportunities for greater biodiversity and well-being for the human population. Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have studied at 103 locations in Munich how various factors affect flora and fauna (动植物). They advocate a close examination of local conditions and a more nature-focused approach to the design of public spaces. Together with his team, Wolfgang Weisser, Professor of Terrestrial Ecology at TUM, looked at such factors as size, the occurrence of lawn, plant and tree growth, artificial light sources and green in the surroundings of the 103 public squares in Munich. The squares varied from almost entirely sealed (封闭的) to park-like squares. Their results show, with Munich as an example, how greatly the different spaces can differ in the animals and other organisms that can live there. At the heavily sealed Marienplatz, the researchers counted only 20 species, with just one bird and moss species as well as insects and bat species. Meanwhile, at Pfrontener Platz, a space with lawns, bushes and trees, they found 156 taxa, including 21 different kinds of birds. At Johannisplatz, 118 species are present, as it has trees, hedges and some grassy areas despite being sealed to a relatively large extent. Unsurprisingly, more plants are beneficial to many animal species. This is a factor that urban planning models already take into account. However, the study also shows that lawns, trees and bushes vary widely in terms of the diversity and numbers of the species they attract. So far, public spaces are designed with humans in mind, with little consideration to animals and other species. The researchers concluded that the chances for greater biodiversity are increased if, instead of applying the same patterns to every location, planners take into account the local conditions and the needs of different species. To encourage more bee species, for example, they should not only plant nectar-bearing flowers, but also provide open space as habitat for bees and a source of nest-building material. 8．What does the study at TUM focus on? A．The best locations for flora and fauna. B．Factors to be considered in square design. C．The impact of local conditions on biodiversity. D．The best way for humans and flora and fauna to get along. 9．What can we know from paragraph 3? A．Animals expand in sealed parks. B．Open parks support more biodiversity. C．Open parks are not fit for birds to stay. D．Closed parks are as good as open ones. 10．What does the study say about urban greenery? A．It varies in attracting species. B．It will replace artificial lights. C．It has nothing to do with species. D．It is well planned in urban buildings. 11．What can be the best title for the text? A．Enhancing Urban Development: Considering Local Species’ Needs B．Human-animal Coexistence: Integrating Nature into City Designing C．Urban Ecosystems: Challenges for Plants and Animals in Urban Spaces D．Biodiversity in the City: Designing Urban Spaces for Humans and Animals 4.（2025·云南省红河州、文山州高中毕业生上学期第一次复习统一检测） In the tropical rainforest, there always exist battles, ones to claim the tree’s dead body and the vast amount of nutrients that it contains. It’s a battle that is fought throughout the natural world, involving a group of organisms that humans rarely notice. On the floor of a tropical rainforest, it’s dark, humid and hot, providing ideal conditions for fungi (真菌) . Humans normally think of fungi as things like this — mushrooms of one kind or another. But these are just the fruiting bodies. They exist for most of the time hidden in the leaf litter and the earth as a network of fine white threads. The threads of competing fungi envelop their victim’s body, releasing enzymes (酶) which digest the tree’s tissues and unlock the nutrients within. There are a million or so different species of fungi in the tropics. Some feed on dead plants. Others eat them alive. And some reveal their existence in an eerily beautiful way. In Africa, in Congo, this is known as chimpanzee fire. The mysterious glow becomes brighter as the fungi digests the tree. When fungi have fed sufficiently, they develop their reproductive organs. Each can produce literally billions of spores (孢子) , the tiny particles that carry the species’ genetic blueprint. Each spore like this has the potential to kill a tree. The spores are so light that they can be carried by the slightest air currents. At least a billion float above every square meter of rainforest. Recently, it has been discovered that these spores do far more than just bring death and decay. They are, in fact, at the very center of the rainforest’s life support system. High in the humid air, the spores combine with molecules of water. Gradually, they collect into droplets, which fall as rain when they are heavy enough. Over two-and-a-half meters of rain falls every year in a rainforest. And in the center of almost every raindrop, there is a fungal spore. 12．What can we learn from paragraph 1? A．The trees’ dead bodies are now popular. B．Battles for nutrients occur in the rainforest. C．Wild nature is being conquered by humans. D．People are fully aware of the natural world. 13．What is the role of fungi in a tropical rainforest ecosystem? A．It forms a network of fine white threads to support each other. B．It glows to exist in the rainforest and produce billions of spores. C．It fights against each other to occupy ideal conditions for its living. D．It decomposes plants and releases nutrients back into the ecosystem. 14．How do fungal spores contribute to the rainforest’s life support system? A．They combine with water molecules to form raindrops. B．They facilitate the water cycle by reproducing more spores. C．They float in the air to cool down the climate in the rainforest. D．They contribute to dealing with the dead trees and bring new life. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Mysterious Facts in the Rainforest B．The Formation of Fungi in the Rainforest C．The Challenge Fungi Face in the Rainforest D．The Hidden Power of Rainforest Decomposers 5.（2025·陕西省宝鸡市高三上学期高考模拟检测（一）） Our bodies were designed for near constant activity and yet, most of us today have trouble finding time to exercise. This is really unfortunate, considering the fact that physical exercise has been shown time and time again to help treat depression, which a record number of people suffer from. According to the researchers from the University of Connecticut (UConn), you don’t need hours at the gym to cheer up. Simply getting out of the chair and taking a walk around can reduce depression and give you a general state of well-being. “We hope this research helps people realize the important public health message that simply going from doing no physical activity to performing some physical activity can improve their subjective well-being,” says Gregory Panza, the study’s lead author. “What is even better news for the physically inactive person is that they do not need to exercise a lot to see these improvements,” Panza continues. “Instead, our results show you will achieve the best result with light or moderate (强度适中) physical activity.” This is particularly encouraging news as “light physical activity” is basically walking—simple, standard walking, the kind where you don’t sweat or notice an increase in breathing or heart rate. And the standard “moderate physical activity” is walking a 15-20 minute mile with a slight increase in breathing and heart rate — while you are still able to hold a conversation — as well as mild sweating. Still, the researchers note that all participants of the study had a generally positive sense of wellbeing and were generally physically active, so their answers should be explained with that in mind. In addition, the study only analyzed one point in time. A longitudinal study (纵向研究), which tracks people over time, would offer a better look at the relationship between exercise and mood. 8．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in paragraph 1? A．Everyone is always so busy. B．Cut body needs constant activity. C．Many people suffer from depression. D．It is hard for people to find time to exercise. 9．What can we learn from the research? A．Its results aren’t what people for. B．Hard physical exercise is not recommended. C．Even a small amount of exercise should be valued. D．Physically active people benefit most from exercise. 10．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Their research has limitations. B．Another study has found the opposite. C．Further study will be conducted soon. D．The research failed due to inadequate preparation. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Cheer yourself up B．Feeling down? Walk it off! C．Overcome your problems D．Be optimistic about your health 题型二 阅读理解之主旨要义---文章大意题 1.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测） Since the first bicycle hit the road, bicyclists have enjoyed racing their bikes. Today, the world’s best riders gather in Scotland to compete in the UCI Cycling World Championships. Whether the bicyclists are testing their speed, strength or style, the competition provides a spectacle for cycling fans. In 2022, around 300,000 fans cheered for their favorite riders at the event. At the same time, over 300 million more watched the global broadcast. This year the championships are expected to be among the top-10 most-watched sporting events in the world. The men’s and women’s exciting sprint (冲刺) road races are favorites of nearly 230million viewers. Each race features a mass start, and then riders use their speed and skills to cross the finish line first. Another popular contest is the men’s and women’s time-trial test of endurance (耐力), which attracts nearly 180 million. Solo riders race against the clock for the fastest time. Competitors who have the best bike-handling skills and endurance come out on top. While some enjoy traditional races, others prefer to watch the techniques displayed by the freestyle riders. The first version of these World Championships was held in 1893 in Chicago. Over the years, it has become one of the most important competitions in the cycling world. In its early days, amateur riders would compete on open roads. However, as cycling became more popular and the number of participants grew, the races were moved to specially designed courses. This allows for a safer and more controlled environment for the cyclists. The UCI Cycling World Championships are now held in a different location every year, thus including a wider variety of landscapes in the races. It also gives riders from different countries the chance to experience different types of conditions and climates. With its excellent reputation and exciting variety of races, the Championships continue to impress and excite audiences. 28．What does the underlined word “spectacle” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Precious opportunity. B．Fantastic show. C．Valuable knowledge. D．Wonderful scenery. 29．What is the function of paragraph 3? A．To stress the intensity of UCI Cycling World Championships. B．To prove the popularity of UCI Cycling World Championships. C．To vividly demonstrate the exceptional skills of the competitors. D．To strongly recommend some most attractive events to readers. 30．Why did the championships abandon open roads? A．To increase the variety of participants. B．To control the number of athletes. C．To guarantee the security of cyclists. D．To design more various courses. 31．What does the text focus on? A．Describing bicycle championships. B．Experiencing exciting competitions. C．Introducing well-known bicyclists. D．Appreciating cycling techniques. 2.（2025·辽宁省辽阳市高三期末） What did you imagine the future of transportation would look like? Was it up in the air? A unique vehicle called XTurismo made its appearance at the Detroit Auto Show in early September. The vehicle resembles an ordinary motorbike you’d see on the freeway—a sleek (造型优美的) design with an aerodynamic shape. But what stirred interest in the vehicle is what it doesn’t have, which is a pair of wheels. And it flies. Instead, it has a landing gear similar to a helicopter and it has six propellers parallel to the ground. Two rotors (转子) are in front of the bike and the other two on the back. In principle, this might be the world’s first flying bike. In the video, you can see the bike hovering at a height of around five feet. The placement of the rotors allows the bike to stabilize midair and stop it from tipping or dipping on one side. Even with its “earthly” design, it still looks like something out of a science fiction movie. There’s a reason for that too. The founder and CEO of the company behind this vehicle loved Star Wars movies. XTurismo isn’t as fast as its counterparts in Hollywood, but it proudly shows that the technology could work. And it’s achievable. “I wanted to make something from the movie real,” the founder was quoted saying. “It’s a land speeder for the Dark Side.” Creating something that flies isn’t new to the company. The Delaware-based company is an air-mobility company that makes drones and other unmanned vehicles. XTurismo is already being sold in Japan but the company plans on bringing this vision of the future to the United States in 2023. The estimated price for this baby? A whopping$777,000. The company, however, shared much more ambitious plans in creating a smaller and more efficient version of the craft by 2025. The smaller version is planned to be run by electricity and would cost about $50,000. “We haven’t unlocked the technology to make more efficient engines for flying vehicles that can take them higher and faster. Moreover, regulations and restrictions also vary from one country to another,” the founder said. However, even with a 40-minute flight time, the XTurismo is more than enough to inspire engineers about the possibility of flying through your neighborhood. 4．What does paragraph 3 focus on? A．The related data of the vehicle. B．The disadvantages of the vehicle. C．The design theories behind the vehicle. D．The unique design and flight feature of the vehicle. 5．What is the function of the rotors? A．To keep the vehicle’s balance in the air. B．To maintain a certain speed. C．To assist the landing. D．To work as wheels. 6．What can be inferred about the XTurismo? A．It is the first flying device in the company. B．It can fly faster than the one in Hollywood movies. C．It is priced at astronomical $777,000 in the United States. D．Technical and regulatory factors overshadow its further advances. 7．What is the main topic of this text? A．An air-mobility company. B．A smaller version of the XTurismo. C．A flying bike at the Detroit Auto Show. D．An elementary land speeder in Star Wars movies. 3.（2025·重庆市重庆市九龙坡区育才中学校高三上学期一模） The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source. According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution. Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground. Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding. There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects? For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said. 8．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly. C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically. 9．Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______. A．they can’t keep their balance. B．they use improper flight attitude. C．they lose track of which way is up. D．they are attracted to lights from far away. 10．What is the significance of the research finding? A．It may lead to better conservation of insects. B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of. C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night. D．It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior. 11．What is the text mainly about? A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night. B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects. C．How artificial light impacts insect populations. D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight. 4.（2025·福建省宁德市高三月考） Your phone has a screen that displays images and videos. The screen uses tiny dots known as pixels (像素) that consist of three primary colors: red, green and blue. By mixing these colors in different ways, your phone can show you everything from beautiful beach scenes to cute puppies. Now imagine something similar for smells. Scientists are developing digital scent technology that uses a small number of different cartridges (暗盒) , each containing a specific scent. Just like how pixels mix the three basic colors to create images, these scent cartridges could mix to create different smells. Just as images on your phone are made of digital codes that represent combinations of pixels, smells produced by a future phone could be created through digital codes. Each smell could have a specific recipe made up of different amounts of the ingredients in the cartridges. When you receive a digital scent code, your phone could mix tiny amounts of the different scents from the cartridges to create the desired smell. This mix would then be released through a small vent on the phone, allowing you to smell it. With just a few cartridges, your phone could potentially create a huge variety of smells, much like how red, green and blue pixels can create countless colors. Creating a phone that can produce smells involves several challenges. One is designing a system that can produce thousands of different smells using only a few cartridges. Another is how to control how strong a scent should be and how long a phone should send it out. And phones will also need to sense odors near them and convert those to digital codes so your friends’ phones can send smells to you. The cartridges should also be easy to refill, and the chemicals in them should be safe to breathe. These hurdles make it a tricky but exciting area of research. 28．What enables a phone screen to present diverse visual contents from paragraph 1? A．Special sensors detecting colors. B．A unique way for color reflection. C．Advanced software for image generation. D．Pixels of three primary colors in combination. 29．What can we learn about digital scent from paragraph 2? A．It is created by using cartridges. B．It’s a fully-developed technology. C．It comes from the same cartridges. D．It is related to images on mobile phones. 30．What is one of the troubles scientists face when developing digital scent technology? A．Creating new scents that don’t exist in nature. B．Combining all primary colors to produce one smell. C．Regulating the strength and duration of scents. D．Finding a way to emit scents that last for a long time. 31．What is the main idea of the text? A．A comparison between image combination and smell production. B．The development and challenges of digital scent technology. C．The advantages of updating a phone that can display images. D．The history and future of complex phone technology. 5.（2025·湖北省武汉市第一中学高三联考） When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with no definitive definition. Our concept of time may be a mental shortcut, a tool for our limited brains to comprehend change. The English language frequently employs the noun“time,” yet we lack a satisfactory explanation for it. Concerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences often contradict each other, suggesting time’s complexity and ambiguous nature. Our mental conception of time may never correspond with its reality in the universe, but this shouldn’t stop us from exploring it. Many science fiction quotes touch on time. Ray Cummings’ 1919 novel, The Girl in the Golden Atom, offers a memorable quote: “Time is what keeps everything from happening at once,” implying time’s structural role in the universe. Blake Crouch’s Recursion presents a contrasting view: “Time is a false image, a concept made out of human memory.” Robert Charles Wilson’s Spin explores various forms of time, from personal measurement to cosmic scales, emphasizing our challenging relationship with it. S. D．Unwin’s One Second Per Second suggests time as chaos within a cosmic plan, with people and civilizations as its playthings. Robert V. S. Redick’s Vanishing Point describes time as a trick due to our comprehension of time’s flow. Captain Jean-Luc Picard from Star Trek says, “Time is a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment,” emphasizing its value. David Brin’s Brightness Reef describes time as a cruel judge, punishing even the successful and brilliant. Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening human achievements in the vastness of time. Time travel, a major topic of science fiction, is often discussed. H. G. Wells’ 1895 novel The Time Machine poses the enduring question of whether moving backward and forward in time is possible. These quotes from science fiction highlight our troubled relationship with time and encourage us to think more deeply about its reality. 8．What is the overall tone of the text? A．Inquiring. B．Pessimistic. C．Persuasive. D．Definitive. 9．What can be learned about time from paragraph 2? A．Time is easy to understand but has a complex nature in science. B．Time is a common concept in daily life well corresponding with scientific reality. C．Daily experiences often go against scientific understandings of time. D．Quantum physics has no impact on our understanding of time. 10．What does Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships emphasize? A．Time as a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment. B．The insignificance of human successes in the long history of time. C．The possibility to move backward and forward in time at will. D．A false belief due to our comprehension of time’s flow. 11．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The history of time and famous quotes in science fiction. B．The definition of time in scientific terms and time travel. C．The relationship between time and daily life. D．The science of time and its exploration in science fiction. 题型三 阅读理解之主旨要义---段落大意题 1.（2025·山东省德州市优高联盟九校联考） There was a young girl in China who was initially engaged in making hairpins. She was quite skilled, creating various delicate hairpins with traditional Chinese elements. However, her work was mainly within a certain range of styles. One day, a message in the comment section of her post caught her attention. Someone suggested that she could try making the hidden weapons described in novels. Inspired by this idea, she decided to make a change.   When she began making the hidden weapons, numerous difficulties emerged. Firstly, there was a lack of real prototypes for reference. She could only rely on the descriptions in novels and her imagination to figure out the shapes and structures. Secondly, the size setting was a great challenge. The hidden weapons needed to be small enough to be concealed easily, but at the same time, they had to possess the basic functions and deadliness of weapons. For example, making a dagger (短剑) that could be hidden in a sleeve or a small section required precise measurement and design. Moreover, the mechanism of quickly taking out and transforming the weapons was extremely complicated. She had to experiment with various materials and designs to ensure that the hidden weapons could be smoothly and rapidly taken out in a simulated combat situation. She spent a lot of time and effort on this new pursuit. She carefully selected materials and used her craftsmanship to transform simple materials into realistic and cool hidden weapons. Her works, such as a sharp and beautifully decorated dagger, gradually gained popularity on the Internet. Through her creations, more and more people, especially young people, became interested in the traditional weapon culture in China. She realized that her work could not only show her creativity but also carry forward Chinese traditional culture. For her future, she is determined to continue exploring and innovating in this field to let the charm of Chinese traditional culture shine brightly in the whole world. 24．What was the girl mainly doing at first? A．Producing hairpins with Chinese features. B．Designing modern and fashionable hairpins. C．Creating hidden weapons inspired by novels. D．Making hidden weapons with limited design styles. 25．Why did the girl want to make a change? A．Her failure in making traditional hairpins. B．A piece of advice from an online follower. C．A request to change her styles from a customer. D．Her inspiration when reading novels about hidden weapons. 26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The basic functions of hidden weapons. B．The origin and history of hidden weapons. C．The difficulties in making hidden weapons. D．The precise measurement and designs of hidden weapons. 27．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Girl Who Made Beautiful Weapons B．Difficulties in Making Hidden Weapons C．The Popularity of Chinese Traditional Weapons D．From Hairpin Maker to Hidden Weapon Creator 2.（2025·重庆市南开中学高三第五次质量检测） Many factors can influence whether a patient lives or dies. The quality of the drugs they receive, the rigour with which their symptoms are monitored, or — more surprisingly — the gender of the attending physician. A 2017 study by Yusuke Tsugawa and colleagues published in JAMA Internal Medicine analyzed medical records of 1.5 million hospitalized older adults from 2011 to 2014. The study revealed that patients treated by female physicians had a 4% lower risk of death and readmission within 30 days compared to those treated by male physicians. And more recent studies have supported the finding. These studies are connected to the past findings, looking back at naturally occurring data rather than randomized-controlled (随机对照) experiments. This could conceal any underlying factors that might be driving the effect. For example, it could be that female physicians tend to be assigned healthier patients than their male colleagues. In an experiment where patients were randomly assigned doctors, any such links would be broken. To control for such effects, most studies try to account for the impact of different hospitals and procedures in their analysis, with some comparing across groups of patients who are matched for age, sex, and illness severity, as well as groups of surgeons matched by age and surgical experience. No matter how the data are sliced, female physicians seem to perform better. Researchers say the next step is to figure out why. Dr. Christopher Wallis, the lead author on several of the Canadian papers, suggests, “I think it’s a series of behaviors that are linked with gender. Female physicians tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide preventive care, and tend to stick more closely to clinical guidelines than their male colleagues do. This could minimize the risk of preventable deaths.” Further investigation into the factors contributing to these differences may enhance healthcare quality and equity across the medical profession. 8．What can we learn from Yusuke Tsugawa’s study? A．Doctor’s gender decides the patient survival rate. B．Men doctors’ patients are more likely to be hospitalized. C．Patients treated by women doctors have better outcomes. D．Women doctors are more competent than male ones. 9．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Benefits of random trials. B．Approaches of the researches. C．Practices of controlled experiments. D．Limitations of the studies. 10．To regulate such effects, most studies are conducted by ________. A．focusing on patients with severe illnesses B．considering a set of controlled factors C．using the same treatment plan in every hospital D．comparing the data from randomized patients 11．According to Dr. Christopher, women doctors tend to ________. A．recommend health choices B．rely on experience in treatment C．rush through patient consultations D．challenge traditional medical practices 3.（2025·河北省保定市高三期末） When I looked at the Pennington Day dog show’s Look-Alike Contest in suburban New Jersey in the mid-1990s, I had all the confidence of a young girl assured of victory. After all, her puppy had long, floppy ears that perfectly matched her wavy, blond bob. Turns out, there is actual science to back up the stereotype (模式化观念) that dogs look like their owners. A recent review of 15 studies from around the globe suggests that not only people and their pets look and act similarly, but that the similarities between their personalities deepen over time. In many of the studies, scientists asked study volunteers to match pictures of dogs and their owners, which they did better than they would just by chance. Another found that women often had hair of a similar length to the dogs’ ears. So what gives? Experts suspect people choose dogs that look like them or reflect them in some way. The review also showed that dogs and owners have similar personality characteristics, especially extroversion and neuroticism, and that their temperaments (性情) appeared to grow more alike. The study offers different theories for why, including that owners may be drawn to dogs that are like them to begin with, and as they age together, the two species may regulate each other’s emotions, reinforce each other’s behavior, or learn together. “It resembles (像) the way we also look for our partners,” says study leader Yana Bender, a doctoral researcher in the DogStudies Research Group in Germany. Dogs and their owners share “a very close relationship...comparable to many human relationships.” Authors of the review also noted that the number of dogs and owners included in the studies are relatively small. Many of the owners who volunteered to participate in the studies also had purebred dogs, and scientists need more data on hybrid dogs, which are more common worldwide. Additionally, owner bias plays a role: Without a standardized way to assess dogs’ personalities, scientists must ask people to evaluate their own pets, who can be as hard to think about objectively as your human family. 8．Why does the author mention the Look-Alike Contest in the first paragraph? A．To lead in the topic. B．To introduce the contest. C．To give an example. D．To explain the background. 9．What can be inferred from the text? A．People and their pets have similar hairstyles. B．People and their pets mirror each other to some extent. C．Dogs and their partners share a very close relationship. D．The similarities between dogs and owners weaken over time. 10．What do we know about dogs and owners in paragraph 4? A．They share the same personality characteristics. B．They resemble in appearance and age. C．The dogs may be attracted by owners who look like them. D．They influence each other in terms of behavior and emotion. 11．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The background of the research. B．The focus of the research. C．The limitations of the research. D．The prospect of the research. 4.（2025·福建省宁德市高三月考） In the last two years, tennis has taken over our closets, our screens and now — our living rooms, furniture from thrown tennis balls. At least that is the hope of Belgian eco-designer Mathilde Wittock, who fashions furniture from thrown tennis balls. Wittock’s chase longues (躺椅) are entirely cushionless — save for the filling of 500 precisely arranged tennis balls. Her one-meter-long benches are similarly few and far between, with some 270 balls being both stylish and structurally substantial. Around 300 million tennis balls are produced each year — and almost all of them end up in landfills, taking over 400 years to decompose (分解). Wittock estimates the lifecycle of a ball stands at just nine games, depending on the level of tennis being played. It takes Wittock around three to four weeks to build a chair. Every ball is cut and dyed by hand, with colors picked out especially to fit the client’s space. It was through much trial and error that she was able to use the shape of the ball while masking some of its all-too-easily- recognized features. “I needed to find an assembly that changed the iconic appearance of the tennis balls,” she said. “It’s yellow and has these white lines. How do I deal with them?” Wittock started to see the design’s possibilities of the sporting equipment when she was studying at Central Saint Martins, an art school in London. Today, she receives all her materials via donations from tennis clubs. Collections began small — sometimes with just 10 tossed balls at a time — but quickly grew. Now, Wittock works with the Federation of Wallonia in Brussels, who have offered her their entire stock — around 100,000. How long will it last? “It’s enough for a few months,” she said. “If things get wild, maybe it will last nine months. Because I have a rhythm of cutting tennis balls. I can get through 1,800 per week.” 24．Why are the numbers listed in paragraph 2? A．To highlight a waste. B．To promote a product. C．To state the material of furniture. D．To show tennis’ popularity. 25．What function does paragraph 3 act as? A．A background. B．An example. C．A definition. D．A proof. 26．What does Wittock have to do to handle the thrown tennis balls? A．She cleans them cleverly. B．She asks her friends for help. C．She uses their characteristics. D．She adjusts their colors accordingly. 27．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Wittock’s work plans. B．Wittock’s stuff sources. C．Wittock’s pride in profits. D．Wittock’s education experience. 5.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市大庆中学高三期末） “Keep learning and strive to be the best in your field” is the motto of Xu Zhenchao, a 74-year-old technician at Shandong Port Group’s Qingdao Port in Shandong province. It’s an ethic that has guided him throughout his career, leading to his recent recognition as a “People’s Craftsman”. When he started working at the port in 1974, he operated a lifting machine. To swiftly master the skill, Xu dedicated himself to practicing for hours and finally achieved proficiency. Xu's professionalism saw him selected as one of the first container bridge crane (起重机) operators in 1984. By studying diligently, Xu gradually became an expert in operating and repairing bridge cranes. In 2000, when the port initiated the construction of a new terminal. Xu was appointed as the chief commander overseeing the installation of cranes. After more than 40 days of hard work, a massive bridge crane, weighing l,300 metric tons and towering 75 meters high, finally stood on the expansive dock at Qianwan. The advanced crane equipment enabled Xu and his colleagues to set a world record for container handling by unloading 3,400 standard containers from a ship and loading them onto trucks in just six hours. In 2006, after two years of technical research and development, Xu and his team converted (改造) diesel-powered (柴油动力) tire cranes to run on electricity, saving the port 20 million yuan a year in operating costs and eliminating air pollution. “He is a man born for the port,” said Guo Lei, his apprentice (学徒), who is now an expert crane operator, “He shows technical workers the importance of learning and innovating.” 4．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Xu’s anticipations. B．Xu’s achievements. C．Xu’s career challenges. D．Xu’s educational background. 5．What did Xu and his team achieve in 2006? A．Establishing a new terminal at Qianwan. B．Setting a world record for container handling C．Reducing cost and protecting the environment. D．Installing a massive bridge crane on the dock. 6．How does the author develop the text? A．By listing the causes. B．By comparing the contributions. C．By summarizing the events. D．By following the order of events, 7．What can we learn from Xu’s story? A．Two heads are better than one. B．A slow sparrow should make an early start C．Learning and innovating are key to success. D．Science and technology are the primary productive forces. Passage 1 1.（2025·江苏省常州市高三质量调研） Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of Philosophy, has found a free mode of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu, Vermander — who is also known by his Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink paintings, most of which he has created over the past decade. Born in France in 1960, Vermander has been fond of painting since childhood. However, damage to sight and hearing made it hard for him to advance his painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being “clean”. The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China and was fascinated both by the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting. “In this art form, I could find my own way of expression. I also realized that I could create much more freely than in classical Western painting, as even the ‘not clean’ part of my works can be a good part of a creation with ink. So, I decided to shift my focus on Chinese ink painting,” Vermander says. Since then, he has visited many places across China to study Chinese painting. “Every one of my Chinese ink paintings is also a philosophical article,” he adds. For him, a good work — of either art or philosophy — should allow diversity in meaning, as each one can have a different connection to his work. Vermander regards his paintings as integrated expressions of himself with daily life. Through the ink brush, he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the movement of his heart. “What I like most in Chinese ink painting is the freedom it allows you. I am not skilled in Western painting as I have bad eyes, and it is not my character to be cautious, careful and plan everything. With Chinese ink painting, I could liberate my inner wildness. My only future goal is to have more time for painting — that’s it,” he says, laughing. 4．What challenges did Vermander face in his early painting career? A．Physical problems. B．Nationality issues. C．Mental sufferings. D．Colleagues’ jealousy. 5．Vermander is interested in Chinese ink painting because of ________. A．its wildness B．its nature C．his visits to China D．his love for China 6．Which of the following is true about Vermander’s ink paintings? A．They are connected to his inner feelings. B．They are criticized for not being clean. C．They have a single and clear meaning. D．They integrate Chinese and Western styles. 7．What is the text mainly about? A．The style and techniques of Chinese ink painting. B．The comparison between Western and Chinese art. C．A foreigner finding himself in Chinese ink painting. D．A phenomenon waiting for an art foreigner to explain. 2.（2025·江苏省常州市高三质量调研） Google’s recently introduced Willow quantum chip (量子芯片) is a significant breakthrough in the field of quantum computing. It has 105 physical quantum bits and can complete a complex benchmark (基准) calculation in less than five minutes, while the fastest common computer would take 1025 years for the same task. This chip represents a major technological breakthrough as it solves the long-standing problem of quantum error correction. The working mechanism of Willow is centered around its advanced error correction processes. It uses quantum correction codes, where multiple physical quantum bits are networked to create a single logical quantum bit, allowing for the identification of errors without disturbing the original quantum state. The chip also incorporates a system of active supervision that continuously monitors qubit (quamtum bit) behavior, detects abnormalities in real-time, and take measures immediately to correct errors. This combination of real-time error correction and constant monitoring, along with an optimized architecture for handling qubits, enables Willow to reduce errors exponentially (呈指数增长) as the number of qubits increases. This is a major achievement, solving a problem that has plagued the field for nearly 30 years and paving the way for more powerful and practical quantum computing systems in the future. The potential applications of Willow are vast, including quickening drug discovery, improving electric vehicle battery design, and advancing fusion energy and new energy alternatives. In conclusion, Google’s Willow quantum chip holds great promise for the future of computing and various industries. However, it should be noted that Willow is still in the laboratory stage and requires further testing and improvement before practical application. It currently has 105 qubits, still too small to handle truly useful and complex real-world tasks. Experts suggest that millions of qubits may be needed to solve important industry problems. Moreover, the chip needs to operate in extremely low-temperature and highly controlled laboratory environments, which limits its immediate practical use. Therefore, while Willow shows great promise for the future of quantum computing, it is not yet ready for practical applications at present. 8．What should be left undisturbed when solving the problem of quantum error correction? A．Quantum correction codes. B．The network of quantum errors. C．The original state of quantum. D．The system of active supervision. 9．What does the underlined word “plagued” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Caused trouble to. B．Made use of. C．Had difficulty in. D．Set standards for. 10．Which of the following limits Willow’s practical use? A．Narrow application market. B．High testing cost. C．Small qubit number. D．Possible environment pollution. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for this article? A．Willow: A Quantum Chip Setting New Benchmark B．Google’s Willow: The End of Computing Problems C．Willow Quantum Chip: Ready for practical application D．Google’s Willow: Innovations and Limitations 3.（2025·吉林省长春市实验中学高三期末） [1] Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate his own songs, the musician Nick Cave delivered a strong response: it was an absolutely horrible attempt. He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that it will forever be in its babyhood. While a robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿). [2] Fans of Cave and his band will agree that his music is inimitable, but that doesn’t mean they would necessarily be able to tell the difference. A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were only right in one of the four picture comparisons. [3] These are party games, but they point to an unfolding challenge that must be managed as a matter of urgency because, like it or not, AI art is upon us. The arrival of ChatGPT which can imitate humans, might have increased general awareness of the challenge, but artists from various fields are already exploring its potential, with the dancer Wayne McGregor and London’s Young Vic Theatre among those who have created AI-based works. [4] A strongly-worded report from Communications and Digital Committee (CDC) issued a wake-up call to the government, urging it to improve its efforts in educating future generations of tech experts, and tackling key regulatory challenges. These included reviewing reforms to intellectual property law, strengthening the rights of artists, and taking action to support the creative industry in adapting to the disturbances caused by technological changes. [5] The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it now. 8．What can you tell about Nick Cave’s attitude to AI in paragraph 1? A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent. 9．Why are the examples given in paragraph 2? A．To argue that human art will be replaced by AI art. B．To stress the similarities between works of arts. C．To prove AI is stretching the boundaries of art. D．To imply AI art cannot be underestimated. 10．What can be inferred from the text? A．Some artists see AI as a tool even though it is a threat. B．Tech experts need more training to better understand AI art. C．Creative industries are responsible for causing the AI problems. D．The quality of AI art dismisses concerns about intellectual property. 11．Which would be the best title for the text? A．The Creative Thief: AI Makes Perfect Art B．AI in Art: A Challenge That Must Be Met C．The Rise of AI: What It Means to Humans? D．Threat or Opportunity: What is the Impact of AI? 4.（2025·辽宁省锦州市高三联考） European explorers “discovered” Antarctica in the 1820s. However, they were likely not the first navigators to sail the cold waters of the southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous (土著的) people of mainland New Zealand — Māori — have a significantly longer history with Earth’s southernmost continent. A recent paper in the Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand aims to bring to light the contributions of the Māori people to Antarctic voyages. Led by Dr. Priscilla Wehi, the team looked at Māori oral histories as well as “grey literature” — research outside of conventional academic areas, and found connections between the Maori and the waters south of New Zealand have been occurring since the earliest traditional voyaging. “The narratives of under-represented groups and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly documented and acknowledged in the research literature,” Wehi said. “This paper begins to fill this gap.” The researchers first highlight an early 7th century southern voyage by a Māori chief Hui Te Rangiora and his crew. This early explorer is said to have reached the Southern or Antarctic Ocean, the Ross Ice Shelf on the edge of Antarctica, where the navigator encountered snow and icebergs. This would have likely made them the first humans to see Antarctic waters, over a thousand years before the European expedition. Even with the arrival of European explorers, Maori special knowledge was valued. Te Atu — a Ngāpuhi man — has been called the first Māori and first New Zealander to help map the Antarctic coastline in 1840.Māori were also part of the “Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration” in the late 19th and early 20th century, helping European explorers with medicine, construction, scientific practice and more on journeys to Antarctica. More recently, a number of Māori have participated in New Zealand’s Antarctic science programs, doing study on everything from the effects of climate change to penguin population ecology. The team behind this latest paper hopes that more and more Māori people will contribute their knowledge and experiences to advance the scientific enquiry on this remote continent. 24．What is the main topic of the new paper? A．The European exploration of Antarctica. B．The history of Māori voyages to Antarctica. C．The scientific research conducted in Antarctica. D．The effects of climate change on Antarctic ecosystems. 25．What phenomenon does Dr. Priscilla Wehi describe in paragraph 2? A．Traveling to Antarctica is now popular. B．Māori community deserves more attention. C．Literature goes beyond conventional research. D．Māori exploration is often ignored by scholars. 26．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．European explorers’ journeys to Antarctica. B．Māori’s trouble in exploring the Antarctica. C．Māori’s contributions to Antarctic exploration.D．European explorers’ help with Māori’s voyages. 27．What can be expected about Maori’s future role according to the team? A．It will change due to the team’s help. B．It will dominate the scientific research. C．It will be superior to European scientists. D．It will add depth to the Antarctic research. 1.（2024·北京卷）D Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 32. What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code? A. Living conditions were the drive. B. Unwritten rules were the target. C. Social tradition was the basis. D. Honesty was the key. 33. What can we learn from this passage? A. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B. Basic human needs lead to universal norms. C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-discipline C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality 2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B篇） Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” (　)27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Rescuing school gardens B.Experiencing country life C.Growing vegetable lovers D.Changing local landscape 3.2022年全国甲卷之C篇 As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation. 30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 4.D【2022·新高考I卷】 Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. 12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on? A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development. 13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily. C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process. 15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity. C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings. 5.D【2022·全国甲卷】 Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city. Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city. “I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted. “How do you mean?” I asked. “Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.” Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).” On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.” He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney. C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s. 33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds? A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life. C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries. 34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney? A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress. C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international. 35. Which statement will the author probably agree with? A. A city can be young and old at the same time. B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic. C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance. D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign. 6.2022年全国甲卷之C篇 Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool. C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid. 25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text? A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds. C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes. 26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos? A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects. C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test. 27. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters 7.2022年全国乙卷之C篇 Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes. C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas. 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure. 30. What function is expected of the rail drones? A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically. C To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation. 31. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways 8.2022年1月浙江卷之C篇 The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women. Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. " For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts. A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems. These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness. "However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups. 7. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph? A. Positive effects of doing exercises. B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged. C. Experimental studies on diseases. D. Advantages of sporty woman over man 8. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise? A. To predict their maximum heart rate. B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity C. To change their habits of working out D. To detect their potential health problems 9. What do we know about Dr Horder's study? A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia. B. Data collection was a lengthy process. C. Some participants withdrew from it. D. The results were far from satisfactory. 10. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness 8.2021年全国乙卷之B篇 When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）? These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household. Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）. How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? 24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones? A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity. C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design. 25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark. 26. What can we say about Baby Boomers? A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity. C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family. 27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph? A. It remains a family necessity. B. It will fall out of use some day. C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It is as important as the gas light. 10.2021年6月浙江卷之C篇 If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance. The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes." "With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller told Live Science. At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said. 8. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________. A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other 9. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2? A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order. B. Diverse methods were adopted during training. C. Pictures used in the two stages were different D. The dogs were photographed before the lest. 10. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. A suggestion for future studies. B. A possible reason for the study findings. C. A major limitation of the study D. An explanation of the research method. 11.C【2021·全国新高考II卷】 A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools. Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.” The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children. Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools." Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added. Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries." 8．What will Zafirakou do with her prize money? A．Make a movie. B．Build new schools. C．Run a project. D．Help local musicians. 9．What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools? A．It is particularly difficult. B．It increases artists' income. C．It opens children's mind. D．It deserves greater attention. 10．What should be stressed in school education according to Schama? A．Moral principles. B．Interpersonal skills. C．Creative abilities. D．Positive worldviews. 11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Bring Artists to Schools B．When Historians Meet Artists C．Arts Education in Britain D．The World's Best Arts Teacher 12.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】 Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 15．What is the best title for the text? A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck 13.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】 When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 14.C【2021·全国高考乙卷】 You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 15.2021年新高考I卷之C篇 When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports. C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals. 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute. 30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away. C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money. 31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 16.2021年全国甲卷之D篇 Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” 12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club? A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative. C. They're objective. D. They're strict. 13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science? A. They think themselves smart. B. They look up to great thinkers. C.They see gender differences earlier than boys. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs 14. Why are more geniuses known to the public? A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women. C. Acceptance of victors' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck 17.2021年全国乙卷之C篇 You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for? A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products. C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach. 29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A. To show the difficulty of their recycling. B. To explain why they are useful. C. To voice his views on modern art. D. To find a substitute for them. 30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers? A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing. D. Challenging. 31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 18.2021年6月浙江卷 We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet. In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. “Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.” Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play. 4. What is the problem with the author’s children? A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework. C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long. 5. How did David Bond advocate his idea? A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities. C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends. 6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2? A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children 19.2021年1月浙江卷之C篇 Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member. "That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human language in that respect. ” Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's $$ 专题02 阅读理解之主旨要义题 目录 01 模拟基础练 【题型一】阅读理解之主旨要义---文章标题题（最新模拟） 【题型二】阅读理解之主旨要义---文章大意题（最新模拟） 【题型三】阅读理解之主旨要义---段落大意题（最新模拟） 02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题） 03 真题实战练 【说明】因为是二轮复习，所以为了保持语篇的完整性，没有对语篇进行删减，对细节理解题进行了蓝色标注。 题型一 阅读理解之主旨要义---文章标题题 1.（2025·四川省绵阳市涪城区绵阳中学二模） Gobble, gobble, grab your turkey baster, it’s Thanksgiving. Canadian Thanksgiving, that is. Though the US version takes place on the fourth Thursday of November, Canada celebrates on the second Monday of October, which this year falls on October 14. For more insights into this annual great feast, we reached out to Andrew McIntosh, senior subject editor with the Canadian Encyclopedia. Naturally, we first had to address a question often asked by Americans — why does Canada celebrate Thanksgiving in October instead of November? Historically, he says, Thanksgiving in Canada has generally been about celebrating the fall harvest and giving thanks for the food it provides before the cold season sets in. “Winter comes a lot earlier in Canada, so our fall harvest happens earlier, too,” he says. “Canadian Thanksgiving was set as the second Monday in October, when the weather is still amenable to outdoor activities, in 1957.” But the country was celebrating long before that. The first official Thanksgiving holiday took place in 1879, and in the following years, it didn’t always happen in October. “The exact date for each year was determined annually by Parliament, which also assigned a unifying theme each year — it often centered around celebrating the monarchy,” says McIntosh. Interestingly, he notes the holiday occurred as late in the year as December 6 and even coincided with American Thanksgiving a few times. As for the present day, some Canadians — including this writer’s extended family — opt to host their Thanksgiving meal the day before the official Monday holiday, allowing those who drove or flew in for the long weekend time to journey back home and not have to take an extra day off work. 4．Why does Canada celebrate Thanksgiving in October instead of November? A．Because Canadians want to follow the historical convention. B．Because winter comes earlier. C．Because Canadians are accustomed to it. D．Because cold weather comes slower. 5．Which best explains the underlined word in the third paragraph? A．Adaptable. B．Suitable. C．Affordable. D．Imaginable. 6．Why do some Canadians host their Thanksgiving meal in advance? A．Because it is economical for them to do so. B．Because they are extremely homesick. C．Because they want to earn more money. D．Because they can go back to work in time. 7．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Thanksgiving in America. B．The Differences of Thanksgiving in USA and Canada. C．Thanksgiving in Canada. D．The Origins of Thanksgiving in America and Canada. 【答案】4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大感恩节的庆祝时间、历史背景以及现代庆祝方式。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Winter comes a lot earlier in Canada, so our fall harvest happens earlier, too.(加拿大的冬天来得更早，所以我们的秋季收获也来得更早。)”可知，加拿大在10月庆祝感恩节是因为冬天来得更早，秋季收获也相应提前。故选B。 5．词句猜测题。根据上文“Winter comes a lot earlier in Canada, so our fall harvest happens earlier, too.(加拿大的冬天来得更早，所以我们的秋季收获也来得更早。)”可知，加拿大冬天来得更早，秋季收获也相应提前。由此可知，加拿大将感恩节定为十月的第二个星期一，那时天气仍然适合户外活动。amenable在这里的意思是“适合的，适宜的”。因此，选项B“Suitable（适合的）”是最佳解释。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“some Canadians — including this writer’s extended family — opt to host their Thanksgiving meal the day before the official Monday holiday, allowing those who drove or flew in for the long weekend time to journey back home and not have to take an extra day off work.(一些加拿大人，包括这位作家的亲戚，选择在正式的周一假期前一天举办感恩节宴会，这样那些开车或飞来度过长周末的人就有时间回家，而不必额外请一天假。)”可知，有些加拿大人提前举办感恩节宴会是为了能够及时回去工作。故选D。 7．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了加拿大感恩节的庆祝时间、历史由来以及一些现代习俗。因此，最合适的标题是“加拿大的感恩节”。故选C。 2.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测） Since wolves was put on the Endangered Species List, the predators (捕食者) have slowly returned to more of their habitats. But in every place where wolves recovered, heated debates followed — about their numbers, hunting and trapping rights. However, Minnesota is an exception. Some of the techniques used by Minnesotans to avoid conflicts may need to be adopted in other states if the predators continue to return. Minnesota is the only place in the United States to never kill all its wolves. More than 2,700 wolves live in Minnesota. The wolf population in Minnesota has been remarkably stable, bouncing between 2,400 and 3,000. That’s well above the original recovery goal of 1,400. The relatively fixed population shows that wolves have likely already spread to every part of the state that has enough food to support them and is far enough from men. Despite such high numbers, wolves attack cattle, turkeys and other animals on less than 2% of livestock (牲畜) operations in Minnesota. As wolf numbers have remained stable for nearly three decades, so have those conflicts. Farm owners have had mixed results using various methods to scare wolves away. The most adopted method comes from a farm on the border of Voyageurs National Park, where wolf researchers are building a 6-foot-high fence around the property. Early results show that wild wolves don’t seem to try to jump fences for food. However, there are still many unanswered questions, but most importantly to wildlife managers, exactly what does a healthy wolf population do for the ecosystem? To get the answer, researchers have come to Minnesota to learn about how wolves behave and survive. Now with GPS and tracking cameras, researchers are getting their first detailed look at how the secretive predators live all year round. 32．What can we learn about Minnesota? A．It never kills any of the wolves there. B．It provides ideal habitats for the wolves. C．It avoids disturbing normal wolf activities. D．It succeeds in handling human-wolf co-existence. 33．What does the stability of wolf population indicate? A．Wolves in Minnesota have adapted to the environment there. B．The Endangered Species List is effective and well carried out. C．The original recovery goal is too low and needs to be adjusted. D．Wolves are widely distributed and distant from human society. 34．What does the author think of building fences? A．Traditional. B．Rewarding. C．Economical. D．Thoughtful. 35．What is the best title for the text? A．Conflicts with Wolves Resolved Harmoniously. B．Wolf Population Recovered under Protection. C．Livestock Attacked Less by Wild Wolves. D．Heated Debate Aroused by Wolf Attacks. 【答案】32．D 33．A 34．B 35．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了灰狼作为濒危物种受到保护后，如何在明尼苏达州实现数量的稳定恢复，以及人类与狼群和谐共存的方法。 32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Some of the techniques used by Minnesotans to avoid conflicts may need to be adopted in other states if the predators continue to return.(明尼苏达人用来避免冲突的一些方法，可能需要被其他州采用)”以及第三段中“Despite such high numbers, wolves attack cattle, turkeys and other animals on less than 2% of livestock (牲畜) operations in Minnesota.(尽管数量如此之多，但在明尼苏达州，狼袭击牛、火鸡和其他动物的比例不到2%)”可知，明尼苏达州在人狼共存问题上做得非常成功。因此，明尼苏达州成功解决了人类与狼的共存问题。故选D。 33．推理判断题。根据第二段“The relatively fixed population shows that wolves have likely already spread to every part of the state that has enough food to support them and is far enough from men.(相对固定的种群表明，狼可能已经扩散到州内有足够食物支持且足够远离人类的所有地方)”可知，狼群的数量稳定表明它们已适应环境，在合适的地方生活得很好。由此可推知，狼群已适应了明尼苏达州的环境。故选A。 34．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Early results show that wild wolves don’t seem to try to jump fences for food.(早期结果显示，野狼似乎不会试图越过栅栏来觅食)可知，筑栅栏是有效的，能够成功阻止狼袭击牲畜，因此是值得推崇的方法。故选B。 35．主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段最后一句“Some of the techniques used by Minnesotans to avoid conflicts may need to be adopted in other states if the predators continue to return.(明尼苏达州避免冲突的一些技术可能需要被其他州采用)”以及后文介绍明尼苏达州如何实现人与狼和谐共处，可知文章主要在讲如何通过经验解决与狼的冲突，所以最佳标题是“Conflicts with Wolves Resolved Harmoniously”（与狼的冲突和谐解决）。故选A。 3.（2025·辽宁省辽阳市高三期末） Animals and plants also live and thrive on public squares. This creates opportunities for greater biodiversity and well-being for the human population. Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have studied at 103 locations in Munich how various factors affect flora and fauna (动植物). They advocate a close examination of local conditions and a more nature-focused approach to the design of public spaces. Together with his team, Wolfgang Weisser, Professor of Terrestrial Ecology at TUM, looked at such factors as size, the occurrence of lawn, plant and tree growth, artificial light sources and green in the surroundings of the 103 public squares in Munich. The squares varied from almost entirely sealed (封闭的) to park-like squares. Their results show, with Munich as an example, how greatly the different spaces can differ in the animals and other organisms that can live there. At the heavily sealed Marienplatz, the researchers counted only 20 species, with just one bird and moss species as well as insects and bat species. Meanwhile, at Pfrontener Platz, a space with lawns, bushes and trees, they found 156 taxa, including 21 different kinds of birds. At Johannisplatz, 118 species are present, as it has trees, hedges and some grassy areas despite being sealed to a relatively large extent. Unsurprisingly, more plants are beneficial to many animal species. This is a factor that urban planning models already take into account. However, the study also shows that lawns, trees and bushes vary widely in terms of the diversity and numbers of the species they attract. So far, public spaces are designed with humans in mind, with little consideration to animals and other species. The researchers concluded that the chances for greater biodiversity are increased if, instead of applying the same patterns to every location, planners take into account the local conditions and the needs of different species. To encourage more bee species, for example, they should not only plant nectar-bearing flowers, but also provide open space as habitat for bees and a source of nest-building material. 8．What does the study at TUM focus on? A．The best locations for flora and fauna. B．Factors to be considered in square design. C．The impact of local conditions on biodiversity. D．The best way for humans and flora and fauna to get along. 9．What can we know from paragraph 3? A．Animals expand in sealed parks. B．Open parks support more biodiversity. C．Open parks are not fit for birds to stay. D．Closed parks are as good as open ones. 10．What does the study say about urban greenery? A．It varies in attracting species. B．It will replace artificial lights. C．It has nothing to do with species. D．It is well planned in urban buildings. 11．What can be the best title for the text? A．Enhancing Urban Development: Considering Local Species’ Needs B．Human-animal Coexistence: Integrating Nature into City Designing C．Urban Ecosystems: Challenges for Plants and Animals in Urban Spaces D．Biodiversity in the City: Designing Urban Spaces for Humans and Animals 【答案】8．B 9．B 10．A 11．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了慕尼黑工业大学(TUM)的研究，探讨了城市公共空间设计中考虑当地条件和不同物种需求的重要性，以促进生物多样性。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have studied at 103 locations in Munich how various factors affect flora and fauna (动植物). They advocate a close examination of local conditions and a more nature-focused approach to the design of public spaces. (慕尼黑工业大学(TUM)的研究人员在慕尼黑的103个地点研究了各种因素如何影响动植物。他们主张密切检查当地条件，并采取更注重自然的方法来设计公共空间)”可知，TUM的研究集中在设计公共广场时，影响动植物的各种因素上。故选B项。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段“At the heavily sealed Marienplatz, the researchers counted only 20 species, with just one bird and moss species as well as insects and bat species. Meanwhile, at Pfrontener Platz, a space with lawns, bushes and trees, they found 156 taxa, including 21 different kinds of birds. (在高度封闭的玛丽恩广场，研究人员仅计算出20个物种，包括仅有一种鸟类、苔藓物种以及昆虫和蝙蝠物种。与此同时，在拥有草坪、灌木和树木的普弗龙纳广场，他们发现了156个分类单元，包括21种不同的鸟类)”可推知，开放的公园支持更多的生物多样性。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, the study also shows that lawns, trees and bushes vary widely in terms of the diversity and numbers of the species they attract. (然而，研究还表明，草坪、树木和灌木在吸引物种的多样性和数量方面存在很大差异)”可知，城市绿化在吸引物种方面存在差异。故选A项。 11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The researchers concluded that the chances for greater biodiversity are increased if, instead of applying the same patterns to every location, planners take into account the local conditions and the needs of different species. (研究人员得出结论，如果规划者不仅仅在每个地点应用相同的模式，而是考虑到当地条件和不同物种的需求，那么增加更大生物多样性的机会就会增加)”及全文可知，整篇文章主要讨论了城市空间设计中考虑当地条件和不同物种需求的重要性，以促进人类和动物的共存。故选D项。 4.（2025·云南省红河州、文山州高中毕业生上学期第一次复习统一检测） In the tropical rainforest, there always exist battles, ones to claim the tree’s dead body and the vast amount of nutrients that it contains. It’s a battle that is fought throughout the natural world, involving a group of organisms that humans rarely notice. On the floor of a tropical rainforest, it’s dark, humid and hot, providing ideal conditions for fungi (真菌) . Humans normally think of fungi as things like this — mushrooms of one kind or another. But these are just the fruiting bodies. They exist for most of the time hidden in the leaf litter and the earth as a network of fine white threads. The threads of competing fungi envelop their victim’s body, releasing enzymes (酶) which digest the tree’s tissues and unlock the nutrients within. There are a million or so different species of fungi in the tropics. Some feed on dead plants. Others eat them alive. And some reveal their existence in an eerily beautiful way. In Africa, in Congo, this is known as chimpanzee fire. The mysterious glow becomes brighter as the fungi digests the tree. When fungi have fed sufficiently, they develop their reproductive organs. Each can produce literally billions of spores (孢子) , the tiny particles that carry the species’ genetic blueprint. Each spore like this has the potential to kill a tree. The spores are so light that they can be carried by the slightest air currents. At least a billion float above every square meter of rainforest. Recently, it has been discovered that these spores do far more than just bring death and decay. They are, in fact, at the very center of the rainforest’s life support system. High in the humid air, the spores combine with molecules of water. Gradually, they collect into droplets, which fall as rain when they are heavy enough. Over two-and-a-half meters of rain falls every year in a rainforest. And in the center of almost every raindrop, there is a fungal spore. 12．What can we learn from paragraph 1? A．The trees’ dead bodies are now popular. B．Battles for nutrients occur in the rainforest. C．Wild nature is being conquered by humans. D．People are fully aware of the natural world. 13．What is the role of fungi in a tropical rainforest ecosystem? A．It forms a network of fine white threads to support each other. B．It glows to exist in the rainforest and produce billions of spores. C．It fights against each other to occupy ideal conditions for its living. D．It decomposes plants and releases nutrients back into the ecosystem. 14．How do fungal spores contribute to the rainforest’s life support system? A．They combine with water molecules to form raindrops. B．They facilitate the water cycle by reproducing more spores. C．They float in the air to cool down the climate in the rainforest. D．They contribute to dealing with the dead trees and bring new life. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Mysterious Facts in the Rainforest B．The Formation of Fungi in the Rainforest C．The Challenge Fungi Face in the Rainforest D．The Hidden Power of Rainforest Decomposers 【答案】12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雨林里，一场场真菌争夺树的死的躯干和它所含的大量营养的战斗遍及自然界，它们诠释了雨林分解者的隐秘力量。 12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the tropical rainforest, there always exist battles, ones to claim the tree's dead body and the vast amount of nutrients that it contains.( 在热带雨林中，总是会有争斗，争夺树木的死的躯干和它所含的大量营养)”可知，一场场争夺树的死的躯干和它所含的大量营养的战斗遍及雨林。故选B。 13．推理判断题。，根据第三段中“The threads of competing fungi envelop their victim’s body, releasing enzymes (酶) which digest the tree’s tissues and unlock the nutrients within.( 相互竞争的真菌缠绕在受害者的身体上，释放酶，消化树木的组织，释放其中的营养物质)”可推知，真菌在热带雨林生态系统中的作用是分解植物并将营养物质释放回生态系统。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“High in the humid air, the spores combine with molecules of water. Gradually, they collect into droplets, which fall as rain when they are heavy enough. (事实上，它们是雨林生命维持系统的中心。在潮湿的高空空气中，孢子与水分子结合。逐渐地，它们聚集成小水滴，当它们足够重的时候就会变成雨)”可知，在潮湿的高空空气中，孢子与水分子结合。它们逐渐聚集成水滴，当它们足够重时，就会以雨的形式落下。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文以及第一段“In the tropical rainforest, there always exist battles, ones to claim the tree’s dead body and the vast amount of nutrients that it contains. It’s a battle that is fought throughout the natural world, involving a group of organisms that humans rarely notice. ( 在热带雨林中，总是会有争斗，争夺树木的死的躯干和它所含的大量营养。这是一场在整个自然界进行的战斗，涉及一群人类很少注意到的生物)”可知，文章介绍了雨林里，一场场争夺树的死的躯干和它所含的大量营养的战斗遍及自然界，真菌诠释了雨林分解者的隐秘力量。故文章合适的标题为“雨林分解者隐藏的力量”。故选D。 5.（2025·陕西省宝鸡市高三上学期高考模拟检测（一）） Our bodies were designed for near constant activity and yet, most of us today have trouble finding time to exercise. This is really unfortunate, considering the fact that physical exercise has been shown time and time again to help treat depression, which a record number of people suffer from. According to the researchers from the University of Connecticut (UConn), you don’t need hours at the gym to cheer up. Simply getting out of the chair and taking a walk around can reduce depression and give you a general state of well-being. “We hope this research helps people realize the important public health message that simply going from doing no physical activity to performing some physical activity can improve their subjective well-being,” says Gregory Panza, the study’s lead author. “What is even better news for the physically inactive person is that they do not need to exercise a lot to see these improvements,” Panza continues. “Instead, our results show you will achieve the best result with light or moderate (强度适中) physical activity.” This is particularly encouraging news as “light physical activity” is basically walking—simple, standard walking, the kind where you don’t sweat or notice an increase in breathing or heart rate. And the standard “moderate physical activity” is walking a 15-20 minute mile with a slight increase in breathing and heart rate — while you are still able to hold a conversation — as well as mild sweating. Still, the researchers note that all participants of the study had a generally positive sense of wellbeing and were generally physically active, so their answers should be explained with that in mind. In addition, the study only analyzed one point in time. A longitudinal study (纵向研究), which tracks people over time, would offer a better look at the relationship between exercise and mood. 8．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in paragraph 1? A．Everyone is always so busy. B．Cut body needs constant activity. C．Many people suffer from depression. D．It is hard for people to find time to exercise. 9．What can we learn from the research? A．Its results aren’t what people for. B．Hard physical exercise is not recommended. C．Even a small amount of exercise should be valued. D．Physically active people benefit most from exercise. 10．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Their research has limitations. B．Another study has found the opposite. C．Further study will be conducted soon. D．The research failed due to inadequate preparation. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Cheer yourself up B．Feeling down? Walk it off! C．Overcome your problems D．Be optimistic about your health 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了身体需要持续活动，但如今很多人没时间锻炼，而康涅狄格大学的研究表明，不需要在健身房花费数小时，只需从椅子上站起来散散步等轻度或中度的身体活动，就能改善抑郁情绪、提升幸福感，不过研究也存在一定局限性。 8．词义猜测题。根据第一段“Our bodies were designed for near constant activity and yet, most of us today have trouble finding time to exercise. This is really unfortunate(我们的身体被设计用来接近恒定的活动，然而，今天大多数人发现很难找到时间来锻炼。这真的很不幸)”可知，我们的身体本就需要持续活动，然而如今大多数人却很难找到时间锻炼，“This”指代前文提到的“人们很难找到时间锻炼”这件事，D选项符合语境，故选D项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段““What is even better news for the physically inactive person is that they do not need to exercise a lot to see these improvements,” Panza continues. “Instead, our results show you will achieve the best result with light or moderate (强度适中) physical activity.”(“对于不爱运动的人来说，更好的消息是他们不需要进行大量锻炼来看到这些改善。”潘扎继续说。“相反，我们的结果展示你将通过轻度或中度的身体活动获得最佳效果。”)”可知，对于缺乏身体活动的人来说，不需要大量运动就能看到改善，少量的运动（轻度或中度身体活动）就能达到最佳效果，即便是少量运动也应该被重视，故选C项。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, the researchers note that all participants of the study had a generally positive sense of wellbeing and were generally physically active, so their answers should be explained with that in mind. In addition, the study only analyzed one point in time. A longitudinal study (纵向研究), which tracks people over time, would offer a better look at the relationship between exercise and mood(然而，研究人员指出，所有参与研究的人都普遍拥有积极的幸福感，并且通常都进行身体活动，因此他们的回答应该考虑到这一点。此外，这项研究只分析了某一时间点的数据。一个纵向研究（跟踪人们随时间的推移），将能更好地观察运动与情绪之间的关系)”可知，研究人员指出参与者普遍幸福感较强且身体较活跃，研究仅分析了一个时间点，说明该研究存在局限性，故选A项。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Our bodies were designed for near constant activity and yet, most of us today have trouble finding time to exercise.(我们的身体天生就是为了接近持续的活动而设计的，然而，今天大多数人却难以找到时间来锻炼)”、第三段““We hope this research helps people realize the important public health message that simply going from doing no physical activity to performing some physical activity can improve their subjective well-being,” says Gregory Panza, the study’s lead author. “What is even better news for the physically inactive person is that they do not need to exercise a lot to see these improvements,” Panza continues. “Instead, our results show you will achieve the best result with light or moderate (强度适中) physical activity.”(“我们希望这项研究能帮助人们意识到一个重要的公共卫生信息，那就是仅仅从不进行任何身体活动到进行一些身体活动，就能提高他们的主观幸福感，”研究的首席作者格雷戈里·潘扎说。“对于不爱运动的人来说，更好的消息是他们不需要进行大量锻炼来看到这些改善，”潘扎继续说。“相反，我们的结果展示你将通过轻度或中度的身体活动获得最佳效果。”)”以及最后一段“Still, the researchers note that all participants of the study had a generally positive sense of wellbeing and were generally physically active, so their answers should be explained with that in mind. In addition, the study only analyzed one point in time. A longitudinal study (纵向研究), which tracks people over time, would offer a better look at the relationship between exercise and mood(然而，研究人员指出，所有参与研究的人都普遍拥有积极的幸福感，并且通常都进行身体活动，因此他们的回答应该考虑到这一点。此外，这项研究只分析了某一时间点的数据。一个纵向研究（跟踪人们随时间的推移），将能更好地观察运动与情绪之间的关系)”可知，文章开篇指出人们没时间锻炼很不幸，接着阐述康涅狄格大学研究表明不需要长时间高强度锻炼，只需起身散散步等轻度或中度活动就能改善情绪、提升幸福感，最后说明研究的局限性，重点围绕运动改善情绪展开，B选项“Feeling down? Walk it off!(心情低落？走一走！)”既点明心情低落这一与抑郁相关的情绪问题，又突出通过走路这种简单运动来改善，符合主旨，故选B项。 题型二 阅读理解之主旨要义---文章大意题 1.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测） Since the first bicycle hit the road, bicyclists have enjoyed racing their bikes. Today, the world’s best riders gather in Scotland to compete in the UCI Cycling World Championships. Whether the bicyclists are testing their speed, strength or style, the competition provides a spectacle for cycling fans. In 2022, around 300,000 fans cheered for their favorite riders at the event. At the same time, over 300 million more watched the global broadcast. This year the championships are expected to be among the top-10 most-watched sporting events in the world. The men’s and women’s exciting sprint (冲刺) road races are favorites of nearly 230million viewers. Each race features a mass start, and then riders use their speed and skills to cross the finish line first. Another popular contest is the men’s and women’s time-trial test of endurance (耐力), which attracts nearly 180 million. Solo riders race against the clock for the fastest time. Competitors who have the best bike-handling skills and endurance come out on top. While some enjoy traditional races, others prefer to watch the techniques displayed by the freestyle riders. The first version of these World Championships was held in 1893 in Chicago. Over the years, it has become one of the most important competitions in the cycling world. In its early days, amateur riders would compete on open roads. However, as cycling became more popular and the number of participants grew, the races were moved to specially designed courses. This allows for a safer and more controlled environment for the cyclists. The UCI Cycling World Championships are now held in a different location every year, thus including a wider variety of landscapes in the races. It also gives riders from different countries the chance to experience different types of conditions and climates. With its excellent reputation and exciting variety of races, the Championships continue to impress and excite audiences. 28．What does the underlined word “spectacle” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Precious opportunity. B．Fantastic show. C．Valuable knowledge. D．Wonderful scenery. 29．What is the function of paragraph 3? A．To stress the intensity of UCI Cycling World Championships. B．To prove the popularity of UCI Cycling World Championships. C．To vividly demonstrate the exceptional skills of the competitors. D．To strongly recommend some most attractive events to readers. 30．Why did the championships abandon open roads? A．To increase the variety of participants. B．To control the number of athletes. C．To guarantee the security of cyclists. D．To design more various courses. 31．What does the text focus on? A．Describing bicycle championships. B．Experiencing exciting competitions. C．Introducing well-known bicyclists. D．Appreciating cycling techniques. 【答案】28．B 29．B 30．C 31．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了UCI自行车世界锦标赛的受欢迎情况、举办历史以及地点等情况。 28．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Since the first bicycle hit the road, bicyclists have enjoyed racing their bikes. Today, the world’s best riders gather in Scotland to compete in the UCI Cycling World Championships. (自从第一辆自行车上路以来，骑自行车的人就喜欢骑自行车比赛。今天，世界上最好的车手聚集在苏格兰参加UCI自行车世界锦标赛。)”以及划线词上文“Whether the bicyclists are testing their speed, strength or style, the competition provides a (无论自行车手是在测试他们的速度、力量还是风格，这场比赛提供了……)”可知，世界上最好的车手聚集参加UCI自行车世界锦标赛，即比赛为自行车爱好者提供了精彩的表演，故划线词意思是“精彩的表演”。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据第三段“The men’s and women’s exciting sprint (冲刺) road races are favorites of nearly 230million viewers. Each race features a mass start, and then riders use their speed and skills to cross the finish line first. Another popular contest is the men’s and women’s time-trial test of endurance (耐力), which attracts nearly 180 million. Solo riders race against the clock for the fastest time. Competitors who have the best bike-handling skills and endurance come out on top. While some enjoy traditional races, others prefer to watch the techniques displayed by the freestyle riders. (男子和女子激动人心的公路赛是近2.3亿观众的最爱。每一场比赛都有一个大规模的起跑，然后骑手们利用他们的速度和技能第一个越过终点线。另一项受欢迎的比赛是男子和女子耐力计时赛，吸引了近1.8亿人。单人车手与时间赛跑，争取最快的时间。拥有最好的自行车操作技术和耐力的选手将会胜出。虽然有些人喜欢传统的比赛，但其他人更喜欢观看自由式车手展示的技术。)”可知，第3段的功能是表明UCI自行车世界锦标赛的受欢迎程度。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, as cycling became more popular and the number of participants grew, the races were moved to specially designed courses. This allows for a safer and more controlled environment for the cyclists. (然而，随着自行车运动越来越受欢迎，参与者越来越多，比赛被转移到专门设计的赛道上。这为骑车者提供了一个更安全、更可控的环境。)”可知，锦标赛放弃开放道路保证骑行者的安全。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Since the first bicycle hit the road, bicyclists have enjoyed racing their bikes. Today, the world’s best riders gather in Scotland to compete in the UCI Cycling World Championships. Whether the bicyclists are testing their speed, strength or style, the competition provides a spectacle for cycling fans. (自从第一辆自行车上路以来，骑自行车的人就喜欢骑自行车比赛。今天，世界上最好的车手聚集在苏格兰参加UCI自行车世界锦标赛。无论自行车手是在测试他们的速度、力量还是风格，这场比赛都为自行车爱好者提供了一个壮观的场面。)”以及最后一段“With its excellent reputation and exciting variety of races, the Championships continue to impress and excite audiences. (凭借其良好的声誉和令人兴奋的各种比赛，锦标赛继续给观众留下深刻的印象和兴奋。)”结合文章主要介绍了UCI自行车世界锦标赛的受欢迎情况、举办历史以及地点等情况。可知，文章的重点是描述自行车锦标赛。故选A。 2.（2025·辽宁省辽阳市高三期末） What did you imagine the future of transportation would look like? Was it up in the air? A unique vehicle called XTurismo made its appearance at the Detroit Auto Show in early September. The vehicle resembles an ordinary motorbike you’d see on the freeway—a sleek (造型优美的) design with an aerodynamic shape. But what stirred interest in the vehicle is what it doesn’t have, which is a pair of wheels. And it flies. Instead, it has a landing gear similar to a helicopter and it has six propellers parallel to the ground. Two rotors (转子) are in front of the bike and the other two on the back. In principle, this might be the world’s first flying bike. In the video, you can see the bike hovering at a height of around five feet. The placement of the rotors allows the bike to stabilize midair and stop it from tipping or dipping on one side. Even with its “earthly” design, it still looks like something out of a science fiction movie. There’s a reason for that too. The founder and CEO of the company behind this vehicle loved Star Wars movies. XTurismo isn’t as fast as its counterparts in Hollywood, but it proudly shows that the technology could work. And it’s achievable. “I wanted to make something from the movie real,” the founder was quoted saying. “It’s a land speeder for the Dark Side.” Creating something that flies isn’t new to the company. The Delaware-based company is an air-mobility company that makes drones and other unmanned vehicles. XTurismo is already being sold in Japan but the company plans on bringing this vision of the future to the United States in 2023. The estimated price for this baby? A whopping$777,000. The company, however, shared much more ambitious plans in creating a smaller and more efficient version of the craft by 2025. The smaller version is planned to be run by electricity and would cost about $50,000. “We haven’t unlocked the technology to make more efficient engines for flying vehicles that can take them higher and faster. Moreover, regulations and restrictions also vary from one country to another,” the founder said. However, even with a 40-minute flight time, the XTurismo is more than enough to inspire engineers about the possibility of flying through your neighborhood. 4．What does paragraph 3 focus on? A．The related data of the vehicle. B．The disadvantages of the vehicle. C．The design theories behind the vehicle. D．The unique design and flight feature of the vehicle. 5．What is the function of the rotors? A．To keep the vehicle’s balance in the air. B．To maintain a certain speed. C．To assist the landing. D．To work as wheels. 6．What can be inferred about the XTurismo? A．It is the first flying device in the company. B．It can fly faster than the one in Hollywood movies. C．It is priced at astronomical $777,000 in the United States. D．Technical and regulatory factors overshadow its further advances. 7．What is the main topic of this text? A．An air-mobility company. B．A smaller version of the XTurismo. C．A flying bike at the Detroit Auto Show. D．An elementary land speeder in Star Wars movies. 【答案】4．D 5．A 6．D 7．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在底特律车展上展出的一款名为XTurismo的飞行自行车，包括其设计、功能、价格以及面临的挑战等方面的内容。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“But what stirred interest in the vehicle is what it doesn’t have, which is a pair of wheels. And it flies. Instead, it has a landing gear similar to a helicopter and it has six propellers parallel to the ground. Two rotors (转子) are in front of the bike and the other two on the back. In principle, this might be the world’s first flying bike. (但引起人们兴趣的是它没有的东西，那就是一对轮子。它会飞。相反，它有一个类似于直升机的起落架，它有六个平行于地面的螺旋桨。两个转子在自行车的前面，另外两个在后面。原则上，这可能是世界上第一辆会飞的自行车。)”可知，本段提到它没有轮子，而是可以飞行，具有类似于直升机的起落架和六个与地面平行的螺旋桨。接着提到这可能是世界上第一辆飞行自行车即主要介绍了XTurismo的独特设计和飞行特点。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The placement of the rotors allows the bike to stabilize midair and stop it from tipping or dipping on one side.(转子的位置允许自行车稳定在半空中，并阻止它从倾斜或倾斜在一边。)”可知，转子的位置可以使自行车在空中保持稳定，防止其向一侧倾斜或下沉。因此，转子的功能是保持车辆在空中的平衡，故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段创始人所说的话““We haven’t unlocked the technology to make more efficient engines for flying vehicles that can take them higher and faster. Moreover, regulations and restrictions also vary from one country to another,” the founder said.(“我们还没有开发出技术，为飞行器制造更高效的引擎，让它们飞得更高更快。此外，各国的规定和限制也各不相同。”)”可知，XTurismo在技术和法规方面还存在很多挑战，这些因素阻碍了其进一步发展。因此，可以推断出技术和法规因素阻碍了XTurismo的进一步发展。故选D。 7．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“A unique vehicle called XTurismo made its appearance at the Detroit Auto Show in early September. The vehicle resembles an ordinary motorbike you’d see on the freeway—a sleek (造型优美的) design with an aerodynamic shape.(9月初，一款名为XTurismo的独特汽车在底特律车展上亮相。这辆车和你在高速公路上看到的普通摩托车很像——光滑的设计和空气动力学的外形。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了在底特律车展上展出的一款名为XTurismo的飞行自行车，包括其设计、功能、价格以及面临的挑战等方面的内容。因此，C选项“A flying bike at the Detroit Auto Show.(在底特律车展上展出的飞行自行车)”符合文章主题。选项C正确。 3.（2025·重庆市重庆市九龙坡区育才中学校高三上学期一模） The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source. According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution. Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground. Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding. There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects? For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said. 8．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly. C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically. 9．Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______. A．they can’t keep their balance. B．they use improper flight attitude. C．they lose track of which way is up. D．they are attracted to lights from far away. 10．What is the significance of the research finding? A．It may lead to better conservation of insects. B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of. C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night. D．It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior. 11．What is the text mainly about? A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night. B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects. C．How artificial light impacts insect populations. D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight. 【答案】8．C 9．C 10．A 11．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫。 8．词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文“Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer(流行的理论认为，飞蛾和其他昆虫是靠月亮导航的，它们把灯误认为是月光，或者是昆虫为了躲避即将到来的危险而飞向光明。现在研究人员相信他们有了一个更有说服力的答案)”可知，对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案，故可推知划线短语所在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围，这一科学问题从未得到明确解释”，推测划线短语nailed down意为“明确解释”，与Defined accurately意义相近。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According  to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London  entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to  tilt (倾斜)  their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of  years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects  which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial  lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps.  This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects  trapped by their evolution.(该研究的合著者、伦敦帝国理工学院的昆虫学家萨姆·法比安博士说，飞蛾和许多其他在夜间飞行的昆虫进化成向最亮的地方倾斜背部。数百万年来，这是天空，而不是地上。这个把戏告诉昆虫哪条路是向上的，并确保它们飞得水平。但后来出现了人工照明。飞蛾发现自己把背靠在路灯上。这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转，这些昆虫被它们的进化困住了)”可知，法比安的研究发现，飞蛾在灯周围无休止地盘旋，因为它们不知道哪条路是向上的。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. ‘What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects? For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,’ Fabian said.(Fabian相信，这项研究有一些有益的教训。‘这告诉我们，人造光的方向很重要。我们能不能改变照明环境，让昆虫不被困住？因为我们正面临着全球昆虫数量的大幅下降，而夜间的人造光是可能导致这种下降的因素之一，’ Fabian说)”可推知，这项研究结果的意义是告诉我们可以改变人造光的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好地保护昆虫。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.(现在研究人员相信他们有了一个更有说服力的答案：与目前的理论相反，昆虫不会被远处的光吸引，但如果它们飞得离人造光源很近，就会被困住)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫，所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫？”符合题意。故选B。 4.（2025·福建省宁德市高三月考） Your phone has a screen that displays images and videos. The screen uses tiny dots known as pixels (像素) that consist of three primary colors: red, green and blue. By mixing these colors in different ways, your phone can show you everything from beautiful beach scenes to cute puppies. Now imagine something similar for smells. Scientists are developing digital scent technology that uses a small number of different cartridges (暗盒) , each containing a specific scent. Just like how pixels mix the three basic colors to create images, these scent cartridges could mix to create different smells. Just as images on your phone are made of digital codes that represent combinations of pixels, smells produced by a future phone could be created through digital codes. Each smell could have a specific recipe made up of different amounts of the ingredients in the cartridges. When you receive a digital scent code, your phone could mix tiny amounts of the different scents from the cartridges to create the desired smell. This mix would then be released through a small vent on the phone, allowing you to smell it. With just a few cartridges, your phone could potentially create a huge variety of smells, much like how red, green and blue pixels can create countless colors. Creating a phone that can produce smells involves several challenges. One is designing a system that can produce thousands of different smells using only a few cartridges. Another is how to control how strong a scent should be and how long a phone should send it out. And phones will also need to sense odors near them and convert those to digital codes so your friends’ phones can send smells to you. The cartridges should also be easy to refill, and the chemicals in them should be safe to breathe. These hurdles make it a tricky but exciting area of research. 28．What enables a phone screen to present diverse visual contents from paragraph 1? A．Special sensors detecting colors. B．A unique way for color reflection. C．Advanced software for image generation. D．Pixels of three primary colors in combination. 29．What can we learn about digital scent from paragraph 2? A．It is created by using cartridges. B．It’s a fully-developed technology. C．It comes from the same cartridges. D．It is related to images on mobile phones. 30．What is one of the troubles scientists face when developing digital scent technology? A．Creating new scents that don’t exist in nature. B．Combining all primary colors to produce one smell. C．Regulating the strength and duration of scents. D．Finding a way to emit scents that last for a long time. 31．What is the main idea of the text? A．A comparison between image combination and smell production. B．The development and challenges of digital scent technology. C．The advantages of updating a phone that can display images. D．The history and future of complex phone technology. 【答案】28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了数字气味技术，包括它的开发过程和潜力，以及其面临的诸多挑战。 28．细节理解题。根据第一段“The screen uses tiny dots known as pixels (像素) that consist of three primary colors: red, green and blue. By mixing these colors in different ways, your phone can show you everything from beautiful beach scenes to cute puppies.(屏幕使用被称为像素的小点，由红、绿、蓝三种原色组成。通过以不同的方式混合这些颜色，你的手机可以显示从美丽的海滩景色到可爱的小狗的一切。)”可知，让手机屏幕呈现多样化的视觉内容的是三种原色的像素组合。故选D。 29． 细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists are developing digital scent technology that uses a small number of different cartridges (暗盒) , each containing a specific scent.(科学家们正在开发数字气味技术，该技术使用少量不同的暗盒，每个暗盒含有一种特定的气味。)”可知，数字气味技术是通过使用包含特定气味的暗盒来创建的。故选A。 30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Another is how to control how strong a scent should be and how long a phone should send it out. (另一个是如何控制气味的强度，以及手机应该发出多长时间。)”可知，科学家在开发数字气味技术时面临的一个挑战是如何调节气味的强度和持续时间。故选C。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Scientists are developing digital scent technology that uses a small number of different cartridges (暗盒) , each containing a specific scent.(科学家们正在开发数字气味技术，该技术使用少量不同的暗盒，每个暗盒含有一种特定的气味。)”和最后一段“Creating a phone that can produce smells involves several challenges.(制造一款可以产生气味的手机涉及几个挑战。)”可知，文章主要介绍了数字气味技术，包括它的开发过程和潜力，以及其面临的诸多挑战。因此，本文的主旨是B选项The development and challenges of digital scent technology.(数字气味技术的发展与挑战。)。故选B。 5.（2025·湖北省武汉市第一中学高三联考） When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with no definitive definition. Our concept of time may be a mental shortcut, a tool for our limited brains to comprehend change. The English language frequently employs the noun“time,” yet we lack a satisfactory explanation for it. Concerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences often contradict each other, suggesting time’s complexity and ambiguous nature. Our mental conception of time may never correspond with its reality in the universe, but this shouldn’t stop us from exploring it. Many science fiction quotes touch on time. Ray Cummings’ 1919 novel, The Girl in the Golden Atom, offers a memorable quote: “Time is what keeps everything from happening at once,” implying time’s structural role in the universe. Blake Crouch’s Recursion presents a contrasting view: “Time is a false image, a concept made out of human memory.” Robert Charles Wilson’s Spin explores various forms of time, from personal measurement to cosmic scales, emphasizing our challenging relationship with it. S. D．Unwin’s One Second Per Second suggests time as chaos within a cosmic plan, with people and civilizations as its playthings. Robert V. S. Redick’s Vanishing Point describes time as a trick due to our comprehension of time’s flow. Captain Jean-Luc Picard from Star Trek says, “Time is a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment,” emphasizing its value. David Brin’s Brightness Reef describes time as a cruel judge, punishing even the successful and brilliant. Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening human achievements in the vastness of time. Time travel, a major topic of science fiction, is often discussed. H. G. Wells’ 1895 novel The Time Machine poses the enduring question of whether moving backward and forward in time is possible. These quotes from science fiction highlight our troubled relationship with time and encourage us to think more deeply about its reality. 8．What is the overall tone of the text? A．Inquiring. B．Pessimistic. C．Persuasive. D．Definitive. 9．What can be learned about time from paragraph 2? A．Time is easy to understand but has a complex nature in science. B．Time is a common concept in daily life well corresponding with scientific reality. C．Daily experiences often go against scientific understandings of time. D．Quantum physics has no impact on our understanding of time. 10．What does Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships emphasize? A．Time as a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment. B．The insignificance of human successes in the long history of time. C．The possibility to move backward and forward in time at will. D．A false belief due to our comprehension of time’s flow. 11．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The history of time and famous quotes in science fiction. B．The definition of time in scientific terms and time travel. C．The relationship between time and daily life. D．The science of time and its exploration in science fiction. 【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of time.(当科幻小说和时间科学相遇时，它们邀请我们深入探索时间的本质)” 暗示了文章是在进行一种探索或询问。接着，文章通过引用多个科幻作品中的观点，展示了人们对时间的不同理解和看法，进一步体现了这种探究的语气。可知，文章的整体语调是探究式的。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“The English language frequently employs the noun “time,” yet we lack a satisfactory explanation for it. Concerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences often contradict each other, suggesting time’s complexity and ambiguous nature. Our mental conception of time may never correspond with its reality in the universe, but this shouldn’t stop us from exploring it.(英语中经常使用名词“时间”，但我们缺乏一个令人满意的解释。关于时间，量子力学和日常经验常常相互矛盾，表明时间的复杂性和模糊性。我们对时间的心理概念可能永远不会与宇宙中的现实相符，但这不应该阻止我们探索它)”可知，日常经验常常与科学对时间的理解相违背。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening human achievements in the vastness of time.(史蒂芬·巴克斯特的《时间之船》抓住了时间令人恐惧的本质，在时间的浩瀚中遮蔽了人类的成就)”可知，史蒂芬·巴克斯特的《时间之船》强调在漫长的历史长河中，人类成功的微不足道。故选B。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with no definitive definition. Our concept of time may be a mental shortcut, a tool for our limited brains to comprehend change.(当科幻小说和时间科学相遇时，它们邀请我们深入探索时间的本质。尽管时间在日常生活中无处不在，但它仍然是一个谜，没有明确的定义。我们的时间概念可能是一种思维捷径，是我们有限的大脑理解变化的工具)”以及文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法。可知，这篇文章主要讲了科幻小说中的时间科学及其探索。故选D。 题型三 阅读理解之主旨要义---段落大意题 1.（2025·山东省德州市优高联盟九校联考） There was a young girl in China who was initially engaged in making hairpins. She was quite skilled, creating various delicate hairpins with traditional Chinese elements. However, her work was mainly within a certain range of styles. One day, a message in the comment section of her post caught her attention. Someone suggested that she could try making the hidden weapons described in novels. Inspired by this idea, she decided to make a change.   When she began making the hidden weapons, numerous difficulties emerged. Firstly, there was a lack of real prototypes for reference. She could only rely on the descriptions in novels and her imagination to figure out the shapes and structures. Secondly, the size setting was a great challenge. The hidden weapons needed to be small enough to be concealed easily, but at the same time, they had to possess the basic functions and deadliness of weapons. For example, making a dagger (短剑) that could be hidden in a sleeve or a small section required precise measurement and design. Moreover, the mechanism of quickly taking out and transforming the weapons was extremely complicated. She had to experiment with various materials and designs to ensure that the hidden weapons could be smoothly and rapidly taken out in a simulated combat situation. She spent a lot of time and effort on this new pursuit. She carefully selected materials and used her craftsmanship to transform simple materials into realistic and cool hidden weapons. Her works, such as a sharp and beautifully decorated dagger, gradually gained popularity on the Internet. Through her creations, more and more people, especially young people, became interested in the traditional weapon culture in China. She realized that her work could not only show her creativity but also carry forward Chinese traditional culture. For her future, she is determined to continue exploring and innovating in this field to let the charm of Chinese traditional culture shine brightly in the whole world. 24．What was the girl mainly doing at first? A．Producing hairpins with Chinese features. B．Designing modern and fashionable hairpins. C．Creating hidden weapons inspired by novels. D．Making hidden weapons with limited design styles. 25．Why did the girl want to make a change? A．Her failure in making traditional hairpins. B．A piece of advice from an online follower. C．A request to change her styles from a customer. D．Her inspiration when reading novels about hidden weapons. 26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The basic functions of hidden weapons. B．The origin and history of hidden weapons. C．The difficulties in making hidden weapons. D．The precise measurement and designs of hidden weapons. 27．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Girl Who Made Beautiful Weapons B．Difficulties in Making Hidden Weapons C．The Popularity of Chinese Traditional Weapons D．From Hairpin Maker to Hidden Weapon Creator 【答案】24．A 25．B 26．C 27．D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个原本制作发夹的女孩，因为网友的建议开始制作隐藏武器，说明了其中的困难以及女孩对未来的规划。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段“There was a young girl in China who was initially engaged in making hairpins. She was quite skilled, creating various delicate hairpins with traditional Chinese elements.(在中国有一个年轻的女孩，她最初是做发夹的。她非常熟练，用中国传统元素制作了各种精致的发夹)”可知，这个女孩一开始主要生产具有中国特色的发夹。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Someone suggested that she could try making the hidden weapons described in novels. Inspired by this idea, she decided to make a change.(有人建议她可以尝试制作小说中描述的隐藏武器。受到这个想法的启发，她决定做出改变)”可知，这个女孩想要改变是因为一个网友的建议。故选B。 26．主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容，尤其主旨句“When she began making the hidden weapons, numerous difficulties emerged. (当她开始制作隐藏武器时，出现了许多困难)”可知，第三段主要讲了制造隐藏武器的困难。故选C。 27．主旨大意题。根据第二段“One day, a message in the comment section of her post caught her attention. Someone suggested that she could try making the hidden weapons described in novels. Inspired by this idea, she decided to make a change. (一天，她帖子评论区的一条信息引起了她的注意。有人建议她可以尝试制作小说中描述的隐藏武器。受到这个想法的启发，她决定做出改变)”结合文章主要讲述了一个原本制作发夹的女孩，因为网友的建议开始制作隐藏武器，说明了其中的困难以及女孩对未来的规划。可知，D选项“从发夹制造者到隐藏武器创造者”最符合文章标题。故选D。 2.（2025·重庆市南开中学高三第五次质量检测） Many factors can influence whether a patient lives or dies. The quality of the drugs they receive, the rigour with which their symptoms are monitored, or — more surprisingly — the gender of the attending physician. A 2017 study by Yusuke Tsugawa and colleagues published in JAMA Internal Medicine analyzed medical records of 1.5 million hospitalized older adults from 2011 to 2014. The study revealed that patients treated by female physicians had a 4% lower risk of death and readmission within 30 days compared to those treated by male physicians. And more recent studies have supported the finding. These studies are connected to the past findings, looking back at naturally occurring data rather than randomized-controlled (随机对照) experiments. This could conceal any underlying factors that might be driving the effect. For example, it could be that female physicians tend to be assigned healthier patients than their male colleagues. In an experiment where patients were randomly assigned doctors, any such links would be broken. To control for such effects, most studies try to account for the impact of different hospitals and procedures in their analysis, with some comparing across groups of patients who are matched for age, sex, and illness severity, as well as groups of surgeons matched by age and surgical experience. No matter how the data are sliced, female physicians seem to perform better. Researchers say the next step is to figure out why. Dr. Christopher Wallis, the lead author on several of the Canadian papers, suggests, “I think it’s a series of behaviors that are linked with gender. Female physicians tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide preventive care, and tend to stick more closely to clinical guidelines than their male colleagues do. This could minimize the risk of preventable deaths.” Further investigation into the factors contributing to these differences may enhance healthcare quality and equity across the medical profession. 8．What can we learn from Yusuke Tsugawa’s study? A．Doctor’s gender decides the patient survival rate. B．Men doctors’ patients are more likely to be hospitalized. C．Patients treated by women doctors have better outcomes. D．Women doctors are more competent than male ones. 9．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Benefits of random trials. B．Approaches of the researches. C．Practices of controlled experiments. D．Limitations of the studies. 10．To regulate such effects, most studies are conducted by ________. A．focusing on patients with severe illnesses B．considering a set of controlled factors C．using the same treatment plan in every hospital D．comparing the data from randomized patients 11．According to Dr. Christopher, women doctors tend to ________. A．recommend health choices B．rely on experience in treatment C．rush through patient consultations D．challenge traditional medical practices 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文，阐述了医生性别对患者治疗结果可能存在的影响，以及相关研究的情况与后续研究方向等内容。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“The study revealed that patients treated by female physicians had a 4% lower risk of death and readmission within 30 days compared to those treated by male physicians.(该研究显示，与男性医生治疗的患者相比，女性医生治疗的患者在30天内死亡和再入院的风险降低了4%)”可知，女性医生治疗的患者在30天内死亡和再入院的风险降低了4%，由此可知，女医生治疗的患者有更好的结果。故选C项。 9．主旨大意题。根据第三段“This could conceal any underlying factors that might be driving the effect. For example, it could be that female physicians tend to be assigned healthier patients than their male colleagues.(这可能掩盖了任何潜在的影响因素。例如，女性医生可能比她们的男同事更容易被分配到更健康的患者)”可知，研究可能掩盖了潜在的影响因素，第三段主要讨论了研究的局限性。故选D项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“To control for such effects, most studies try to account for the impact of different hospitals and procedures in their analysis, with some comparing across groups of patients who are matched for age, sex, and illness severity, as well as groups of surgeons matched by age and surgical experience.(为了控制这种效应，大多数研究试图在分析中考虑不同医院和程序的影响，有些研究比较了年龄、性别和疾病严重程度相匹配的患者群体，以及按年龄和手术经验匹配的外科医生群体)”可知，为了调节这种效应，大多数研究是通过考虑一组受控因素进行的。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段“Female physicians tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide preventive care, and tend to stick more closely to clinical guidelines than their male colleagues do.(女医生往往花更多时间与患者在一起，更有可能提供预防性护理，并且比她们的男同事更严格地遵循临床指南)”可知，女医生更有可能提供预防性护理，并且比她们的男同事更严格地遵循临床指南。由此可知，女医生倾向于推荐健康的选择。故选A项。 3.（2025·河北省保定市高三期末） When I looked at the Pennington Day dog show’s Look-Alike Contest in suburban New Jersey in the mid-1990s, I had all the confidence of a young girl assured of victory. After all, her puppy had long, floppy ears that perfectly matched her wavy, blond bob. Turns out, there is actual science to back up the stereotype (模式化观念) that dogs look like their owners. A recent review of 15 studies from around the globe suggests that not only people and their pets look and act similarly, but that the similarities between their personalities deepen over time. In many of the studies, scientists asked study volunteers to match pictures of dogs and their owners, which they did better than they would just by chance. Another found that women often had hair of a similar length to the dogs’ ears. So what gives? Experts suspect people choose dogs that look like them or reflect them in some way. The review also showed that dogs and owners have similar personality characteristics, especially extroversion and neuroticism, and that their temperaments (性情) appeared to grow more alike. The study offers different theories for why, including that owners may be drawn to dogs that are like them to begin with, and as they age together, the two species may regulate each other’s emotions, reinforce each other’s behavior, or learn together. “It resembles (像) the way we also look for our partners,” says study leader Yana Bender, a doctoral researcher in the DogStudies Research Group in Germany. Dogs and their owners share “a very close relationship...comparable to many human relationships.” Authors of the review also noted that the number of dogs and owners included in the studies are relatively small. Many of the owners who volunteered to participate in the studies also had purebred dogs, and scientists need more data on hybrid dogs, which are more common worldwide. Additionally, owner bias plays a role: Without a standardized way to assess dogs’ personalities, scientists must ask people to evaluate their own pets, who can be as hard to think about objectively as your human family. 8．Why does the author mention the Look-Alike Contest in the first paragraph? A．To lead in the topic. B．To introduce the contest. C．To give an example. D．To explain the background. 9．What can be inferred from the text? A．People and their pets have similar hairstyles. B．People and their pets mirror each other to some extent. C．Dogs and their partners share a very close relationship. D．The similarities between dogs and owners weaken over time. 10．What do we know about dogs and owners in paragraph 4? A．They share the same personality characteristics. B．They resemble in appearance and age. C．The dogs may be attracted by owners who look like them. D．They influence each other in terms of behavior and emotion. 11．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The background of the research. B．The focus of the research. C．The limitations of the research. D．The prospect of the research. 【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了狗与主人在外貌和性格上的相似性，并提供了科学研究支持这一观点。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“After all, her puppy had long, floppy ears that perfectly matched her wavy, blond bob.(她的小狗有着和她一样的长而柔软的耳朵与她的卷曲的金发完美匹配)”，可以推知作者提及比赛是为了引出话题，讨论狗与主人之间的相似性。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“A recent review of 15 studies from around the globe suggests that not only people and their pets look and act similarly, but that the similarities between their personalities deepen over time. 最近对全球15项研究的回顾表明，不仅人类和他们的宠物看起来和行为相似，而且他们性格之间的相似之处也随着时间的推移而加深)”可以推知，人和宠物在某种程度上反映了彼此。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“the two species may regulate each other’s emotions, reinforce each other’s behavior, or learn together.(这两种物种可能会调节彼此的情绪、强化彼此的行为，或一起学习)”可知，狗和主人在行为和情感方面相互影响。故选D。 11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Authors of the review also noted that the number of dogs and owners included in the studies are relatively small. Many of the owners who volunteered to participate in the studies also had purebred dogs, and scientists need more data on hybrid dogs, which are more common worldwide. Additionally, owner bias plays a role: Without a standardized way to assess dogs’ personalities, scientists must ask people to evaluate their own pets, who can be as hard to think about objectively as your human family.( 该综述的作者还指出，研究中包括的狗和主人的数量相对较少。许多自愿参加研究的狗主人也养了纯种狗，科学家们需要更多关于杂交狗的数据，这种狗在世界范围内更为常见。此外，主人的偏见也起到了一定的作用：没有一种标准化的方法来评估狗的个性，科学家们必须让人们评估自己的宠物，这些宠物可能和你的人类家庭一样难以客观地思考)”可知，说明了研究的局限性。最后一段主要讲了研究的局限性。故选C。 4.（2025·福建省宁德市高三月考） In the last two years, tennis has taken over our closets, our screens and now — our living rooms, furniture from thrown tennis balls. At least that is the hope of Belgian eco-designer Mathilde Wittock, who fashions furniture from thrown tennis balls. Wittock’s chase longues (躺椅) are entirely cushionless — save for the filling of 500 precisely arranged tennis balls. Her one-meter-long benches are similarly few and far between, with some 270 balls being both stylish and structurally substantial. Around 300 million tennis balls are produced each year — and almost all of them end up in landfills, taking over 400 years to decompose (分解). Wittock estimates the lifecycle of a ball stands at just nine games, depending on the level of tennis being played. It takes Wittock around three to four weeks to build a chair. Every ball is cut and dyed by hand, with colors picked out especially to fit the client’s space. It was through much trial and error that she was able to use the shape of the ball while masking some of its all-too-easily- recognized features. “I needed to find an assembly that changed the iconic appearance of the tennis balls,” she said. “It’s yellow and has these white lines. How do I deal with them?” Wittock started to see the design’s possibilities of the sporting equipment when she was studying at Central Saint Martins, an art school in London. Today, she receives all her materials via donations from tennis clubs. Collections began small — sometimes with just 10 tossed balls at a time — but quickly grew. Now, Wittock works with the Federation of Wallonia in Brussels, who have offered her their entire stock — around 100,000. How long will it last? “It’s enough for a few months,” she said. “If things get wild, maybe it will last nine months. Because I have a rhythm of cutting tennis balls. I can get through 1,800 per week.” 24．Why are the numbers listed in paragraph 2? A．To highlight a waste. B．To promote a product. C．To state the material of furniture. D．To show tennis’ popularity. 25．What function does paragraph 3 act as? A．A background. B．An example. C．A definition. D．A proof. 26．What does Wittock have to do to handle the thrown tennis balls? A．She cleans them cleverly. B．She asks her friends for help. C．She uses their characteristics. D．She adjusts their colors accordingly. 27．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Wittock’s work plans. B．Wittock’s stuff sources. C．Wittock’s pride in profits. D．Wittock’s education experience. 【答案】24．C 25．A 26．D 27．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是比利时生态设计师玛蒂尔德·维托克用仍掉的网球制作家具的事。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Wittock’s chaise longues (躺椅) are entirely cushionless—save for the filling of 500 precisely arranged tennis balls. Her one-meter-long benches are similarly few and far between, with some 270 balls being both stylish and structurally substantial.(维托克的长躺椅完全没有垫子——除了装上500个精确排列的网球。她的1米长的板凳同样是罕见的，大约有270个球制成，既时尚又坚固。)”可知，第二段中的数字表明的是维托克制作家具用到的材料数量。故选C项。 25．推理判断题。根据第三段的内容“Around 300 million tennis balls are produced each year—and almost all of them end up in landfills, taking over 400 years to decompose (分解). Wittock estimates the lifecycle of a ball stands at just nine games, depending on the level of tennis being played.(每年大约生产3亿个网球，几乎所有的网球最终都被送到了垃圾填埋场，需要400多年才能分解。维托克估计，一个球的生命周期仅为九场比赛，这取决于网球的水平。)”可知，维托克认为每年有大量的网球被当作垃圾扔掉了，所以，他想到了用网球制作家具，所以第三段是维托克想到用网球制作家具的背景。故选A项。 26．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“It takes Wittock around three to four weeks to build a chair. Every ball is cut and dyed by hand, with colors picked out especially to fit the client’s space.(维托克制作一把椅子大约需要三到四周的时间。每个球都是手工裁剪和染色的，颜色特别适合客户的空间。)”可知，维托克要根据客户的空间给网球染色。故选D项。 27．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的句子“Today, she receives all her materials via donations from tennis clubs. Collections began small— sometimes with just 10 tossed balls at a time— but quickly grew. Now, Wittock works with the Federation of Wallonia in Brussels, who have offered her their entire stock— around 100,000.(如今，她所有的材料都是通过网球俱乐部的捐赠获得的。起初收集的球很少——有时一次只有10个——但很快就增加了。现在，维托克在布鲁塞尔的瓦隆尼亚联盟工作，他们给了她全部的存货——大约10万。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是维托克的材料来源。故选B项。 5.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市大庆中学高三期末） “Keep learning and strive to be the best in your field” is the motto of Xu Zhenchao, a 74-year-old technician at Shandong Port Group’s Qingdao Port in Shandong province. It’s an ethic that has guided him throughout his career, leading to his recent recognition as a “People’s Craftsman”. When he started working at the port in 1974, he operated a lifting machine. To swiftly master the skill, Xu dedicated himself to practicing for hours and finally achieved proficiency. Xu's professionalism saw him selected as one of the first container bridge crane (起重机) operators in 1984. By studying diligently, Xu gradually became an expert in operating and repairing bridge cranes. In 2000, when the port initiated the construction of a new terminal. Xu was appointed as the chief commander overseeing the installation of cranes. After more than 40 days of hard work, a massive bridge crane, weighing l,300 metric tons and towering 75 meters high, finally stood on the expansive dock at Qianwan. The advanced crane equipment enabled Xu and his colleagues to set a world record for container handling by unloading 3,400 standard containers from a ship and loading them onto trucks in just six hours. In 2006, after two years of technical research and development, Xu and his team converted (改造) diesel-powered (柴油动力) tire cranes to run on electricity, saving the port 20 million yuan a year in operating costs and eliminating air pollution. “He is a man born for the port,” said Guo Lei, his apprentice (学徒), who is now an expert crane operator, “He shows technical workers the importance of learning and innovating.” 4．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Xu’s anticipations. B．Xu’s achievements. C．Xu’s career challenges. D．Xu’s educational background. 5．What did Xu and his team achieve in 2006? A．Establishing a new terminal at Qianwan. B．Setting a world record for container handling C．Reducing cost and protecting the environment. D．Installing a massive bridge crane on the dock. 6．How does the author develop the text? A．By listing the causes. B．By comparing the contributions. C．By summarizing the events. D．By following the order of events, 7．What can we learn from Xu’s story? A．Two heads are better than one. B．A slow sparrow should make an early start C．Learning and innovating are key to success. D．Science and technology are the primary productive forces. 【答案】4．B 5．C 6．D 7．C 【解析】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了港口技术工人徐振超不断学习，努力钻研，成为了一名优秀的起重机操作员，并带领他的团队获得世界集装箱记录的故事。 4．主旨大意题 。根据第二段第一句“When he started working at the port in 1974, he operated a lifting machine. To swiftly master the skill, Xu dedicated himself to practicing for hours and finally achieved proficiency. (1974年，当他开始在港口工作时，他操作的是一台起重机。为了迅速掌握这项技能，徐投入了数小时的练习，最终达到了熟练的程度。)”和“By studying diligently, Xu gradually became an expert in operating and repairing bridge cranes. In 2000, when the port initiated the construction of a new terminal. Xu was appointed as the chief commander overseeing the installation of cranes. (通过努力学习，徐逐渐成为操作和修理桥式起重机的专家。2000年，当港口开始建设一个新的码头。徐被任命为监督起重机安装的总指挥。)”可知，本段主要讲述了徐振超的工作成就。故答案是B。 5．细节理解题 。根据第二段的“In 2006, after two years of technical research and development, Xu and his team converted(改造)diesel-powered(柴油动力)tire cranes to run on electricity, saving the port 20 million yuan a year in operating costs and eliminating air pollution.( 2006年，经过两年的技术研发，徐和他的团队将柴油驱动的轮胎起重机转换为电力驱动，每年为港口节省了2000万元的运营成本，并消除了空气污染。)”可知，徐和他的团队在2006年降低成本，保护环境。故答案是C。 6．推理判断题。根据文章中出现的“When he started working at the port in 1974, he operated a lifting machine.( 当他1974年开始在港口工作时，他操作的是起重机器。)”“ Xu's professionalism saw him selected as one of the first container bridge crane (起重机) operators in 1984.( 1984年，他被选为第一批集装箱桥式起重机操作员之一。)”“ In 2000, when the port initiated the construction of a new terminal. Xu was appointed as the chief commander overseeing the installation of cranes.( 2000年，当港口开始建设一个新的码头。徐被任命为监督起重机安装的总指挥。)”和“In 2006…”可推断，作者是通过遵循事件的顺序发展本文的。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段““He is a man born for the port,” said Guo Lei, his apprentice (学徒), who is now an expert crane operator, “He shows technical workers the importance of learning and innovating.” (“他是为港口而生的人，”他的徒弟郭磊说，“他向技术工人展示了学习和创新的重要性。”郭磊现在是一名专业的起重机操作员。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述港口技术工人徐振超不断学习，努力钻研，成为了一名优秀的起重机操作员，并带领他的团队获得世界集装箱记录的故事。从中我们可以学到学习和创新是成功的关键。故选C。 Passage 1 1.（2025·江苏省常州市高三质量调研） Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of Philosophy, has found a free mode of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu, Vermander — who is also known by his Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink paintings, most of which he has created over the past decade. Born in France in 1960, Vermander has been fond of painting since childhood. However, damage to sight and hearing made it hard for him to advance his painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being “clean”. The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China and was fascinated both by the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting. “In this art form, I could find my own way of expression. I also realized that I could create much more freely than in classical Western painting, as even the ‘not clean’ part of my works can be a good part of a creation with ink. So, I decided to shift my focus on Chinese ink painting,” Vermander says. Since then, he has visited many places across China to study Chinese painting. “Every one of my Chinese ink paintings is also a philosophical article,” he adds. For him, a good work — of either art or philosophy — should allow diversity in meaning, as each one can have a different connection to his work. Vermander regards his paintings as integrated expressions of himself with daily life. Through the ink brush, he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the movement of his heart. “What I like most in Chinese ink painting is the freedom it allows you. I am not skilled in Western painting as I have bad eyes, and it is not my character to be cautious, careful and plan everything. With Chinese ink painting, I could liberate my inner wildness. My only future goal is to have more time for painting — that’s it,” he says, laughing. 4．What challenges did Vermander face in his early painting career? A．Physical problems. B．Nationality issues. C．Mental sufferings. D．Colleagues’ jealousy. 5．Vermander is interested in Chinese ink painting because of ________. A．its wildness B．its nature C．his visits to China D．his love for China 6．Which of the following is true about Vermander’s ink paintings? A．They are connected to his inner feelings. B．They are criticized for not being clean. C．They have a single and clear meaning. D．They integrate Chinese and Western styles. 7．What is the text mainly about? A．The style and techniques of Chinese ink painting. B．The comparison between Western and Chinese art. C．A foreigner finding himself in Chinese ink painting. D．A phenomenon waiting for an art foreigner to explain. 【答案】4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了法国教授Benoit Vermander（中文名魏明德）对中国水墨画的热爱、学习及其作品特点。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, damage to sight and hearing made it hard for him to advance his painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being “clean”.(然而，视力和听力的损伤使他很难提高他的绘画技巧，他的笔触被评价为不“干净”)”可知，Vermander在他早期的绘画生涯中面临的挑战是身体问题。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China and was fascinated both by the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting.(转折点出现在1987年，当时Vermander第一次访问中国，并被中国水墨画的历史和意义所吸引)”以及最后一段“ What I like most in Chinese ink painting is the freedom it allows you. (我最喜欢中国水墨画的是它给你的自由)”可知，Vermander之所以对中国水墨画感兴趣，是因为其本质。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Through the ink brush, he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the movement of his heart.(他希望通过笔墨来表现自己内心的探索和内心的运动)”可知，关于Vermander的水墨画，A选项“它们与他的内心感受有关”正确。故选A。 7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of Philosophy, has found a free mode of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu, Vermander — who is also known by his Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink paintings, most of which he has created over the past decade. (复旦大学哲学学院的法籍教授Benoit Vermander在中国水墨画中发现了一种自由的自我表达方式。Vermander的艺名是Bendu，他的中文名是魏明德，他将展出60多幅中国水墨画，其中大部分是他在过去十年创作的)”结合本文讲述了法国教授Benoit Vermander对中国水墨画的热爱、学习及其作品特点。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是一个外国人在中国水墨画中发现了自己。故选C。 2.（2025·江苏省常州市高三质量调研） Google’s recently introduced Willow quantum chip (量子芯片) is a significant breakthrough in the field of quantum computing. It has 105 physical quantum bits and can complete a complex benchmark (基准) calculation in less than five minutes, while the fastest common computer would take 1025 years for the same task. This chip represents a major technological breakthrough as it solves the long-standing problem of quantum error correction. The working mechanism of Willow is centered around its advanced error correction processes. It uses quantum correction codes, where multiple physical quantum bits are networked to create a single logical quantum bit, allowing for the identification of errors without disturbing the original quantum state. The chip also incorporates a system of active supervision that continuously monitors qubit (quamtum bit) behavior, detects abnormalities in real-time, and take measures immediately to correct errors. This combination of real-time error correction and constant monitoring, along with an optimized architecture for handling qubits, enables Willow to reduce errors exponentially (呈指数增长) as the number of qubits increases. This is a major achievement, solving a problem that has plagued the field for nearly 30 years and paving the way for more powerful and practical quantum computing systems in the future. The potential applications of Willow are vast, including quickening drug discovery, improving electric vehicle battery design, and advancing fusion energy and new energy alternatives. In conclusion, Google’s Willow quantum chip holds great promise for the future of computing and various industries. However, it should be noted that Willow is still in the laboratory stage and requires further testing and improvement before practical application. It currently has 105 qubits, still too small to handle truly useful and complex real-world tasks. Experts suggest that millions of qubits may be needed to solve important industry problems. Moreover, the chip needs to operate in extremely low-temperature and highly controlled laboratory environments, which limits its immediate practical use. Therefore, while Willow shows great promise for the future of quantum computing, it is not yet ready for practical applications at present. 8．What should be left undisturbed when solving the problem of quantum error correction? A．Quantum correction codes. B．The network of quantum errors. C．The original state of quantum. D．The system of active supervision. 9．What does the underlined word “plagued” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Caused trouble to. B．Made use of. C．Had difficulty in. D．Set standards for. 10．Which of the following limits Willow’s practical use? A．Narrow application market. B．High testing cost. C．Small qubit number. D．Possible environment pollution. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for this article? A．Willow: A Quantum Chip Setting New Benchmark B．Google’s Willow: The End of Computing Problems C．Willow Quantum Chip: Ready for practical application D．Google’s Willow: Innovations and Limitations 【答案】8．C 9．A 10．C 11．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌最近新推出的一款量子芯片，该芯片具有创新之处，其推出带来巨大影响，但它目前也面临投入实际使用的很多困难。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It uses quantum correction codes, where multiple physical quantum bits are networked to create a single logical quantum bit, allowing for the identification of errors without disturbing the original quantum state. (它使用量子校正码，其中多个物理量子比特联网以创建单个逻辑量子比特，允许在不干扰原始量子状态的情况下识别错误)”可知，当解决量子纠错问题时，原始量子态应保持不受干扰。故选C项。 9．词句猜测题。画线词的上文“This combination of real-time error correction and constant monitoring, along with an optimized architecture for handling qubits, enables Willow to reduce errors exponentially (呈指数增长) as the number of qubits increases. This is a major achievement, solving a problem (这种实时纠错和持续监控的结合，以及用于处理量子比特的优化架构，使Willow能够随着量子比特数量的增加而呈指数级减少错误。这是一个重大的成就，解决了一个问题)”提到Willow量子芯片的工作机制使其实现了呈指数级减少错误的目标，非常成功。由此推知，其成功的地方在于解决了困扰该领域近30年的一个问题，画线词在此处应表示“给……造成麻烦，困扰”的意思，A项Caused trouble to“给……带来麻烦”与之匹配。B项Made use of表示“利用”；C项Had difficulty in表示“在……方面有困难”；D项Set standards for表示“为……设定标准”。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It currently has 105 qubits, still too small to handle truly useful and complex real-world tasks. (它目前有105个量子比特，仍然太小，无法处理真正有用和复杂的现实世界任务)”可知，量子比特数量少限制了Willow的实际应用。故选C项。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This chip represents a major technological breakthrough as it solves the long-standing problem of quantum error correction. (该芯片解决了长期存在的量子纠错问题，是一项重大的技术突破)”和最后一段中“However, it should be noted that Willow is still in the laboratory stage and requires further testing and improvement before practical application. (但需要注意的是，Willow目前还处于实验室阶段，在实际应用前还需要进一步的测试和完善)”可知，文章主要介绍了谷歌的Willow量子芯片，既阐述了它在量子计算领域的创新之处，如实时纠错和监控，又指出了它目前存在的局限性，如量子比特数量少、需要在极端低温和高度受控的实验室环境中运行等。因此，D项“谷歌的Willow：创新和局限性”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 3.（2025·吉林省长春市实验中学高三期末） [1] Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate his own songs, the musician Nick Cave delivered a strong response: it was an absolutely horrible attempt. He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that it will forever be in its babyhood. While a robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿). [2] Fans of Cave and his band will agree that his music is inimitable, but that doesn’t mean they would necessarily be able to tell the difference. A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were only right in one of the four picture comparisons. [3] These are party games, but they point to an unfolding challenge that must be managed as a matter of urgency because, like it or not, AI art is upon us. The arrival of ChatGPT which can imitate humans, might have increased general awareness of the challenge, but artists from various fields are already exploring its potential, with the dancer Wayne McGregor and London’s Young Vic Theatre among those who have created AI-based works. [4] A strongly-worded report from Communications and Digital Committee (CDC) issued a wake-up call to the government, urging it to improve its efforts in educating future generations of tech experts, and tackling key regulatory challenges. These included reviewing reforms to intellectual property law, strengthening the rights of artists, and taking action to support the creative industry in adapting to the disturbances caused by technological changes. [5] The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it now. 8．What can you tell about Nick Cave’s attitude to AI in paragraph 1? A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent. 9．Why are the examples given in paragraph 2? A．To argue that human art will be replaced by AI art. B．To stress the similarities between works of arts. C．To prove AI is stretching the boundaries of art. D．To imply AI art cannot be underestimated. 10．What can be inferred from the text? A．Some artists see AI as a tool even though it is a threat. B．Tech experts need more training to better understand AI art. C．Creative industries are responsible for causing the AI problems. D．The quality of AI art dismisses concerns about intellectual property. 11．Which would be the best title for the text? A．The Creative Thief: AI Makes Perfect Art B．AI in Art: A Challenge That Must Be Met C．The Rise of AI: What It Means to Humans? D．Threat or Opportunity: What is the Impact of AI? 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述一些艺术家对人工智能艺术的看法，并指出人工智能艺术一定会面临挑战。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate his own songs, the musician Nick Cave delivered a strong response: it was an absolutely horrible attempt. He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that it will forever be in its babyhood. While a robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿).(面对一个新的聊天机器人试图模仿他自己的歌曲，音乐家尼克·凯夫做出了强烈的回应：这绝对是一次可怕的尝试。他明白人工智能还处于婴儿期，但他只能得出这样的结论：真正的恐怖可能是它将永远处于婴儿期。他写道，虽然机器人有一天可能会创作一首歌，但它永远不会超出一种滑稽的程度)”可知，尼克·凯夫对人工智能持怀疑态度。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were only right in one of the four picture comparisons.(在凯夫发表讲话前几天，专家们被要求区分四件真正的艺术品和它们的人工智能仿制品。他们的结论在12次中有5次是错误的，而且他们只在四张图片的对比中有一张是完全正确的)”可推断，提到了四幅图片的比较是说明人工智能艺术不可低估。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第一段“He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that it will forever be in its babyhood. While a robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿).(他明白人工智能还处于婴儿期，但他只能得出这样的结论：真正的恐怖可能是它将永远处于婴儿期。他写道，虽然机器人有一天可能会创作一首歌，但它永远不会超出一种滑稽的程度)”可推断，有些艺术家认为尽管人工智能是一种威胁，但它更是一种工具。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it now.(正如凯夫所言，人工智能面临的挑战既有哲学层面的，也有实践层面的。它们将在短期和长期内展开。最先进的创意产业在塑造和探索哲学产业方面发挥着关键作用，但它们必须得到生存和成功所需的实际帮助。他们现在就需要)”结合本文讲述的就是人工智能艺术必定要面临很多挑战，B选项“艺术中的AI：必须面对的挑战”符合文章主旨，适合做标题，故选B。 4.（2025·辽宁省锦州市高三联考） European explorers “discovered” Antarctica in the 1820s. However, they were likely not the first navigators to sail the cold waters of the southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous (土著的) people of mainland New Zealand — Māori — have a significantly longer history with Earth’s southernmost continent. A recent paper in the Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand aims to bring to light the contributions of the Māori people to Antarctic voyages. Led by Dr. Priscilla Wehi, the team looked at Māori oral histories as well as “grey literature” — research outside of conventional academic areas, and found connections between the Maori and the waters south of New Zealand have been occurring since the earliest traditional voyaging. “The narratives of under-represented groups and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly documented and acknowledged in the research literature,” Wehi said. “This paper begins to fill this gap.” The researchers first highlight an early 7th century southern voyage by a Māori chief Hui Te Rangiora and his crew. This early explorer is said to have reached the Southern or Antarctic Ocean, the Ross Ice Shelf on the edge of Antarctica, where the navigator encountered snow and icebergs. This would have likely made them the first humans to see Antarctic waters, over a thousand years before the European expedition. Even with the arrival of European explorers, Maori special knowledge was valued. Te Atu — a Ngāpuhi man — has been called the first Māori and first New Zealander to help map the Antarctic coastline in 1840.Māori were also part of the “Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration” in the late 19th and early 20th century, helping European explorers with medicine, construction, scientific practice and more on journeys to Antarctica. More recently, a number of Māori have participated in New Zealand’s Antarctic science programs, doing study on everything from the effects of climate change to penguin population ecology. The team behind this latest paper hopes that more and more Māori people will contribute their knowledge and experiences to advance the scientific enquiry on this remote continent. 24．What is the main topic of the new paper? A．The European exploration of Antarctica. B．The history of Māori voyages to Antarctica. C．The scientific research conducted in Antarctica. D．The effects of climate change on Antarctic ecosystems. 25．What phenomenon does Dr. Priscilla Wehi describe in paragraph 2? A．Traveling to Antarctica is now popular. B．Māori community deserves more attention. C．Literature goes beyond conventional research. D．Māori exploration is often ignored by scholars. 26．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．European explorers’ journeys to Antarctica. B．Māori’s trouble in exploring the Antarctica. C．Māori’s contributions to Antarctic exploration. D．European explorers’ help with Māori’s voyages. 27．What can be expected about Maori’s future role according to the team? A．It will change due to the team’s help. B．It will dominate the scientific research. C．It will be superior to European scientists. D．It will add depth to the Antarctic research. 【答案】24．B 25．D 26．C 27．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍毛利人南极洲航行史及其贡献。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent paper in the Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand aims to bring to light the contributions of the Māori people to Antarctic voyages.(最近发表在《新西兰皇家学会杂志》上的一篇论文旨在揭示毛利人对南极航行的贡献)”可知，这篇论文主要讲述毛利人的南极洲航行史。故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Led by Dr. Priscilla Wehi, the team looked at Māori oral histories as well as “grey literature” — research outside of conventional academic areas, and found connections between the Maori and the waters south of New Zealand have been occurring since the earliest traditional voyaging. “The narratives of under-represented groups and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly documented and acknowledged in the research literature,” Wehi said. “This paper begins to fill this gap.”(在Priscilla Wehi博士的带领下，研究小组查阅了毛利人的口述历史以及传统学术领域之外的“灰色文献”，并发现毛利人与新西兰南部水域之间的联系自最早的传统航行以来就一直存在。韦希说：“在研究文献中，关于代表性不足的群体的叙述以及他们与南极洲的联系仍然很少被记录和承认。”“这篇论文开始填补这一空白。”)”可知，第二段描述的现象是毛利人的探索经常被学者忽视。故选D。 26．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Even with the arrival of European explorers, Maori special knowledge was valued. Te Atu — a Ngāpuhi man — has been called the first Māori and first New Zealander to help map the Antarctic coastline in 1840.Māori were also part of the “Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration” in the late 19th and early 20th century, helping European explorers with medicine, construction, scientific practice and more on journeys to Antarctica.(即使有了欧洲探险家的到来，毛利人的特殊知识仍然受到重视。Te Atu是一个Ngāpuhi人，他在1840年被称为第一个毛利人和第一个帮助绘制南极海岸线的新西兰人。毛利人也是19世纪末和20世纪初“南极探险英雄时代”的一部分，帮助欧洲探险家进行医学，建筑，科学实践和更多的南极之旅)”可知，该段主要讲述“毛利人对于南极探险的贡献”。故选C。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“More recently, a number of Māori have participated in New Zealand’s Antarctic science programs, doing study on everything from the effects of climate change to penguin population ecology. The team behind this latest paper hopes that more and more Māori people will contribute their knowledge and experiences to advance the scientific enquiry on this remote continent.(最近，许多毛利人参加了新西兰的南极科学项目，研究从气候变化的影响到企鹅种群生态的一切。这篇最新论文背后的团队希望越来越多的毛利人人将贡献他们的知识和经验来推进对这个偏远大陆的科学探索)”可知，毛利人的角色将增加南极研究的深度。故选D。 1.（2024·北京卷）D Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 32. What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code? A. Living conditions were the drive. B. Unwritten rules were the target. C. Social tradition was the basis. D. Honesty was the key. 33. What can we learn from this passage? A. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B. Basic human needs lead to universal norms. C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues. 34. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-discipline C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中。 32.推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. (在这里，规范是不成文的，很少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为；领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。在无情的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人对待道德的务实态度很有道理)”可知，因纽特人的生活中，规范是不成文的，因纽特人的道德准则的形成是以社会传统为基础的。故选C项。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制)”可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选B项。 34.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B篇） Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” (　)27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Rescuing school gardens B.Experiencing country life C.Growing vegetable lovers D.Changing local landscape 【答案】C　 【解析】主旨大意题。 通读全文并根据第一段中“The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.”和第四段中“Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.”可知,该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、培养环境意识和养成健康的生活方式。计划评估显示,学生们由于这些课程吃了更多的蔬菜。C项“Growing vegetable lovers”一语双关,其中growing既能表明蔬菜爱好者正在增加,也可指爱好种植蔬菜的人。 3.2022年全国甲卷之C篇 As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation. 30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。 28. A词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。 29. C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。 30. C细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。 31. B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Balinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Balinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。 4.D【2022·新高考I卷】 Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. 12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on? A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development. 13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily. C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process. 15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity. C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。 12.$$