Unit 3 词汇扩展语法及练习 2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册

人教八下 Unit 3 一、词汇扩展 1. sweep – (同义词) - (过去式) 2. rubbish – (同义词) 3. throw – (过去式) – (现在分词) 4. both – (反义词) 5. lend— (过去式) – (反义词) 6. like— 不像 (反义词) 7. when – (同义词) 8. pass(动词) – 过路人; 考试合格者(名词) 二、情态动词could的用法 （一）提出礼貌的请求 could表示委婉地请求，其句型结构主要有： 1. Could you +动词原形+...? 2. Could you please+动词原形+...? 意为＂请你做……好吗? ＂句型2比句型1语气更加委婉。肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I can’t. 【注意】其否定结构为：Could you（please）not do...? （二）表示请求许可 1. could表示请求允许，其句型结构为： Could I/we +动词原形+...? 意为＂请问我（们）能做……吗? ＂ 肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：I’m sorry / Sorry, you can’t. 若关系比较亲近，也可以直接说No, you can’t. 【温馨提示】在以上句子结构中情态动词could不是can的过去式，而是用来表示委婉语气的，后跟动词原形。 2. 另外，用Could I ...？时，表示请求对方准许，对方回答时不能用could，而要用can。 3. 对于这种请求的肯定和否定回答的常用语 肯定回答常用语：Certainly. / Of course. / With pleasure. / No problem. / Sure. / Yes, you can. 否定回答常用语：I’m afraid not. / No, I’m afraid I can’t. / No, you can’t. 练习 一、单选 1．Many parents think there is no ________ for children to do housework. A．job B．work C．need D．money 2．—Would you mind ________ the TV? It’s too noisy. —Sorry. I will do it at once. A．turn off B．turning off C．to turn off D．turned off 3．It seems ________ on him to make him do everything alone. A．unfair B．fair C．lucky D．right 4. I'm not sure whether I can hold a party in the open air, because it______the weather. A. agrees to B. agrees with C. depends on D. lives on 5. He had no idea how_____________the problem at that time. A. solve B solved C to solve D. solving 6. We shouldn't always___________ our parents. We should learn to be independent.  take after B . care about C. hear of D. depend on 7.—I have a stomachache. —You ________ eat bad food. A．should B．couldn’t C．shouldn’t D．could 8.—________ you explain to me how to do this math problem, Tom? —Sure, no problem. A．Must B．Could C．Should D．May 9.—I am so bored. What should I do? —There is a good film on tonight. You ________ watch it. A．need B．could C．would 10.We ________ exercise every day if we want to keep healthy. A．maybe B．could C．would D．should 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Everyone should do their part in 　　　　　　　(keep) the house clean.  2．Tom ________ (sweep) the floor last night. 3．China and India are ______ (develop) countries. 4．Some of the ________(neighbor) can’t stand the loud music from the party. 5．It’s ________(fair) that girls aren’t allowed to take part in (允许参加) the sports meeting. 6. When did you finish ________ (write) the book? 7. We should learn to be ________ (independence). 8. China and India are ________ (develop) countries. 9. My mom ________(get) angry with me when I forgot to clean the room. 10. I called you yesterday, but you ________(not, be) in. 三、根据汉语及首字母提示写单词 1. It's no good b ________ something without returning. 2. It's not my fault, but he u ________ blamed me. 3. Jane hasn’t been to the science museum and n ________ have I. 4. Jason often fell ill and missed many classes. As a result, his grades d________. 5．He h_________ traveling by bus because it’s boring. 6．He took off his shoes and put them on the _________（地板）. 7．These days so many middle school students still have lots of _________（精神压力）from school. 8．—Could you please _________（递）a cup to me?—Sure. 9．_________（既然）I am a teacher, I should teach and look after children well. 10．You mustn’t throw r_________（垃圾）everywhere. We should protect our environment. 四、完成句子 1．汤姆不知道怎么照顾这条小狗。 Tom doesn’t know how to ________ ________ ________ this little dog. 2．昨天早上我打扫了客厅。 I ________ ________ ________ ________ yesterday morning. 3．我妹妹能自己铺床。 My sister can ________ ________ ________ by herself. 4．你不能总是半夜给他打电话。 You can’t call him at midnight . 5．汤姆放弃了他的工作，现在正在从事一部新小说的写作工作。 Tom stopped his work, and now he’s a new novel. 五、句型转换 1．I am going to move to a new house. (就划线部分进行提问) are you going to move ? 2．Would you please go with me? (改为否定句) Would you with me? 3．You have to stay at home. (改为否定句) You stay at home today. 4．Would you like to go shopping with me? (同义句转换) ________ ________ ________ go shopping with me? 5．Could I borrow a pen from you, Helen? (改为同义句) Could you ________ a pen ________ ________ , Helen? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$