【同步100分背默】Unit2 Go for it!知识清单-2024-2025学年七年级下册同步知识背默(外研版2024)
|
2份
|
40页
|
2430人阅读
|
153人下载
精品
内容正文:
【同步100分背默】Unit2 Go for it!知识清单
一.重点词汇背默
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!15
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.last but not least 最后但同样重要的(一点)
2.marathon 马拉松赛跑
3.however 然而;不过
4.still 仍然;依旧;还是
5.metre (书面书写为m)米,公尺
6.line 线
7.breath 呼吸
8.hold your breath 屏住呼吸
9.would 客气地建议或邀请
10.confident 有信心的,自信的
11.stomachache 胃疼,肚子疼
12.shall 将要
13.either (两者中的)任何一个
14.choice 选择;选择权
15.seem 似乎,好像
16.someone 某人
17.neither 也不
18.cheer 欢呼
19.cross 横过
20.lifelong 终身的;毕生的
21.dream 梦
22.past 晚于;过
23.record 唱片;记录
24.none 没有人
25.member 成员
26.moment 片刻;瞬间
27.if 如果
28.possible 可能存在或发生的;可能的
29.purpose 目的;目标
30.raise 举起
31.charity慈善;慈善机构
32.encourage 鼓励
33.teach 教
34.note 笔记
35.during 在……期间
36.consider 注视;仔细考虑
37.both 两个都
38.sink 水槽;水池
39.sink or swim 要么沉没,要么游泳
40.as 当……时
41.surfer 冲浪者
42.shark 鲨鱼
43.attack 袭击;损害
44.nearly 差不多,将近
45.die 死;死亡
46.surf 浏览
47.competition 竞赛
48.compare 比较
49.achievement 成就;成绩
50.surfboard 冲浪板
51.ride 骑;乘
52.lover 爱好者;热爱者
53.gold 金子
54.medal奖牌;勋章
55.fit 健壮的
56.final最终的
57.team 队
58.even 甚至
59.worse更糟糕的,更坏的
60.pay attention 注意;留心
61.continue 持续;继续存在
62.brave勇敢的
63.action动作
64.fight打斗;交战;打架
65.score得分;进球
66.goal 射门
67.victory胜利;成功
68.lead 指引;引路(过去式是led)
69.international 国际的
70.chance机会,机遇,有利时机
71.improve改进,改善
72.create创造;创建
73.wonder想知道;琢磨
74.success成功
75.explain解释
76.simple简单的
77.same 相同的;同样的
78.courage勇敢;勇气
79.ahead向前
80.spirit勇气,意志
二.词汇拓展背默
1. breath n. 呼出的气;吸入的气→ breathe vi.呼吸→ breathless adj.气喘吁吁的→breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地
2. confident adj. 自信的→confidence n.信心→confidently adv.信赖地, 安心地
3. seem v. 看来,似乎,好像 →seeming adj. 表面上的;貌似的→seemingly adv. 貌似, 看似; 显然
4. cross v. 穿过, 越过; 跑过 →crossing n.横越; 横渡;人行横道;十字路口→across prep. 跨越; 越过; 穿过
5. encourage v. 鼓励→encouragement n.鼓励
6. teach v. 教→teacher n. 教师
7. consider v. 考虑, 细想→considerate adj.体贴的 →considerable adj.相当大的 →consideration n.考虑
8. surf v. 冲浪→surfer n. 冲浪者→surfboard n. 冲浪板
9. die v. 死去, 死亡→death n.死→dead adj.死的→deadly adj. 致命的→dying adj.垂死的,渴望的
10. competition n. 比赛;竞赛→compete vi. 比赛,竞争→ competitive adj.有竞争力的→ competitively adv.有竞争力地→ competitor n.竞争者
11. compare v. 相比较; 可媲美→comparable adj. 可比较的;类似的;比的上的→comparison n. 比较;对比
12. achieve v. 完成, 达到→ achievable adj. 可达成的→achievement n.<U>完成;<C>成就
13. fit adj. 健壮的,健康的; 合适的;能胜任的→fitness n. 健康
14. continue v. (使)继续, (使)延续→continuous adj. 持续的; 连续不断的
15. brave adj. 勇敢的;无畏的→bravery n. 勇敢; 勇气;无畏
16. lead n. 带路,领路;引领 →leading adj. 最重要的 →leader n.领导者→leadership n. 领导;领导地位
17. improve v. 改善,改进;变得更好 →improvement n. 进步;改善;提高;改造
18. create v. 创造→creative adj.有创造性的→creation n.创造,创建→creativity n.创造力→creator n.创造者, 创作者
19. wonder v. 想要知道n. 奇观;奇迹;惊异;惊讶 →wonderful adj.极好的;精彩的;奇妙的;令人惊叹的
20. success n. 成功, 胜利,成就 →succeed v. 成功→successful adj. 成功的→successfully adv.成功地
21. explain v. 解释,说明 →explanation n.解释,说明
22. simple adj. 单纯的,纯粹的,完全的→simply adv. 仅仅; 完全; 非常;坦白地;直截了当地; 简朴地; 简单地
23. courage n. 勇气, 胆量, 勇敢→courageous adj.勇敢的;有勇气的;无畏的 →discourage v.使…泄气;
24. spirit n. 精神, 风气 →spiritual adj. 精神的;心灵的;宗教的
三.重点短语背默
1.the benefits of... ...的益处
2.make us healthy使我们健康
3.inspire sb.鼓舞某人
4.answer the questions回答问题
5.like sth. best最喜欢某物
6.the origin of... ...的起源
7.share sth. with sb.和某人分享某物
8.last but not least 最后但同样重要的一点
9.fishing line终点线
10.fall behind落后
11.watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做过某事
12.watch sb. doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事
13.hold one’s breath 屏住某人的呼吸
14.make it获得成功
15.feel confident感觉自信
16.take a rest休息下
17.neither of them他们两人都不...
18.cross the line穿过这条线
19.lifelong dream张的终生梦想
20.one of.... ...中一个
21.none of... ...中一个都没有
22.if possible如果可能的话
23.keep doing sth.一直做某事
24.raise money 筹钱
25.tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事
26.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
27.sink or swim自生自灭
28.compare with..与...比较
29.physical activities体育运动
30.according to...根据...
31.at least至少
32.be proud of...因...而自豪
33.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事
34.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
35.do an interview做个采访
36.become fit变得健康
37.be good for...对...有好处
38.be bad for...对...有坏处
39.at the age of...在...岁的时候
40.never give up从不放弃
41.even worse更糟糕的是
42. pay no attention to...不关注...
43. lose heart 失去信心
44.thanks to...多亏了...
四.重点句子背默
1.How do sports give me enjoyment? 运动是怎么给我乐趣的?
2.How do sports make us healthy? 运动是怎么使我们健康的?
3.How do sporting spirits inspire people? 运动精神是怎么鼓舞人们的?
4.What sport do you like best? 你最喜欢什么运动?
5. All the people held their breath. Would he make it? 所有人屏住呼吸。他能成功吗?
6. But Zhang chose neither of them. 但是张一个都没选择。
7. With people cheering, he finally crossed the finishing line. 随着人们的欢呼声,他最后穿过了终点线。
8. None of his family members worried or tried to stop him.没有一个家庭成员担心或尝试阻止他。
9. As a child, Bethany Hamilton's dream was to become a surfer. 作为一个孩子,Bethany Hamilton的梦想是成为一个冲浪者。
10. She lost her left arm and nearly died. 她失去了她的左手,差点死掉。
11. She worked hard to ride the waves of her dream. 她努力去实现她的梦想。
12. I wasn't very strong as a kid. So my parents took me to the pool. 当我是孩子时并不强壮。所以我的父母带我去了游泳池。
13. Even worse, the team's best player hurt her foot badly. 更糟糕的是,队伍的最佳选手严重地伤到她的脚。
14. But she paid no attention to the pain and continued to play. 但是她不在意疼痛,继续打比赛。
15. Her brave actions encouraged the whole team. 她勇敢的行为鼓励了整个队伍。
16. However, the players never gave up. 然而,队员们从未放弃。
17. There are still many difficulties ahead. 未来仍然有很多困难。
18. But they will rise to every challenge, thanks to their shining spirits.但凭借着闪耀的女足精神,她们将勇于应对每一次挑战。
五.易错点背默
考点1.however的用法
用法分析 however是副词“然而;不过”,however可位于句首、句末或句中,且常用逗号将其与句子的其他部分隔开。
天正在下着大雨,可是我还是决定要出去。It's raining hard, however, I decide to go out.
考点拓展 but表示“但是”,是并列连词,转折意味较强。直接引出分句,无需用逗号与后面的句子分开。
I want to go for a travel, but I am too busy now.我想去旅行,但是现在太忙了。
考点2.comfortable的用法
用法分析 comfortable是形容词,意为“舒适的,安逸的”,做表语或定语,其反义词为uncomfortable。比较级、最高级为more comfortable,most comfortable。
这个椅子使他更舒适。The chair made him more comfortable.
用所给词的适当形式填空
Town Cinema has more comfortable (comfort)seats than Guangming Cinema.
考点3.either的用法
In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.
晚上,我或者看电视,或者玩电脑游戏。
either的三种常见用法:
(1)作副词,用于否定句句末,意为“也不”;
(2)作代词,意为“(两者中)任一”;
(3)作连词,通常用于“either…or…”结构中,意为“要么……要么……;或者……或者……”。此结构中,谓语动词的单复数一般与离它最近的主语保持一致。
考点4.neither
For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
长达一周,她没有做任何家务,我也没有做。
neither作代词,指“两者都不”,其后常接of构成neither of…。如:
Neither of them has a car. 他们两个都没有汽车。
neither作副词,表示“也不”,放在句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或物,后面要用倒装语序,即Neither+助动词/be/情态动词+主语。如:
—I can't understand a word of it. 我一个字都弄不懂。—Neither can I. 我也是。
neither…nor…用来连接两个并列的主语,表示否定概念,谓语要与邻近的主语保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。
如:Neither you nor he is wrong. 你和他都没有错。
考点5.seem的用法
用法分析 “seem to be+名词形容词”意为“看起来……,好像……”。
艾丽斯看上去是一个非常聪明的女孩。Alice seems to be a very clever girl.
考点拓展 seem句型透视
(1)Sb. +seem(s)(+to be)+表语.“某人似乎/看上去……”
His father seems(to be)a kind man.他父亲看上去像个和善的人。
(2)Sb. +seem(s)to do sth某人好像/似乎做某事。
Tom seems to know everything.汤姆好像什么都知道。
(3)Sb. +seem(s)十不定式。
=It seems that sb.…“某人似乎/看上去……”。
It seems that she is sleeping.
=She seems to be sleeping.她好像在睡觉。
(4)It seems +that从句.“似乎……;看起来好像……”。
It seems that his temperature is all right.他的体温似乎正常。
-There are dark clouds, and the wind is blowing strongly.
-It ___C___ that a typhoon(台风)is coming.
A. feels B. sounds C. seems D. looks
考点6.choose的用法
用法分析 choose动词“选择;挑选”,其过去式为chose,过去分词为chosen。
我想给我的朋友选一件漂亮的礼物。I want to choose a nice gift for my friend.
考点拓展 choose的名词形式choice表示“选择;抉择”,是中考易考点。
固定搭配 make a choice 做选择;have no choice but to do 除了做……别无选择。
I had no choice but to wait.除了等,我没有别的选择。
-We missed the last bus. What should we do?
-I’m afraid we have no ___C___ but to take a taxi.
A. decision B. reason C. choice D. chance
考点7.cross的用法
用法分析cross在此做动词“横过;穿过”。
他要横穿这条大街。He is going to cross the street.
考点辨析cross, across, crossing
(1)cross是动词(从表面)“穿过,越过,渡过”,可直接接宾语。
Be careful to cross the road.横穿马路时要当心。
(2) across指从这边到那边,平面“通过,横过”,含义与on有关,动词walk/go/run/swim等+across=cross,常与 street,bridge,river等连用。
I can swim across the river in 10 minutes.我可以在十分钟之内游过河去
(3)crossing名词“十字路口”。
Turn left at the second crossing,then go on.在第二个十字路口向左转,然后继续走。
用所给词的适当形式填空
When you go___across___(cross)the street,you must be careful.
考点8.cheer up的用法
用法分析 cheer up意为"(使)变得高兴;振奋起来",属于“动词+副词”结构,接代词it/them时要放在cheer up中间;接名词时放后面、中间都可以。
这个好消息使我们高兴了起来。The good news cheered us up.
考点拓展(1)cheer up也可单独使用,常用于口语中,用以鼓励对方振作起来。
Cheer up!Our troubles will soon be over.振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。
(2)cheers为感叹词,用于祝酒,意为“干杯”。
Cheers!My friends!干杯!我的朋友们!
—Little Jenny looks unhappy today.
—Don’t worry. A box of chocolates will ___C___ her ______.
A give; up B. wake; up C. cheer; up D. pick; up
考点9.dream的用法
用法分析 dream做动词,意为“做梦;梦见”。做名词,意为“梦,梦想”,多用于表示心愿或理想。
He often dreams at night.他晚上经常做梦。
Everyone has his dreams.每个人都有梦想。
注意 若表示“梦想,梦见”时,要用 dream of/about(doing)sth.,意为“梦想/梦见(做)某事”。
Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true.总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。
The boy dreams of being a pilot.这男孩子一心想当飞行员。
根据汉语提示完成句子
Hold on to your___dream___(梦想);one day it may come true.
考点10.none的用法
用法分析 none既可用来表示人,也可用来表示物,意为“(三者或三者以上中)一个也没有”。none做主语时,谓语动词既可为单数形式,也可为复数形式。none of后接不可数名词时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。
他们当中没有一个是日本人。None of them is /are Japanese.
这些钱都不是我的。None of the money is mine.
注意 no one意为“没有人”,相当于nobody,后面一般不接of短语。做主语时,谓语动词为单数形式。
考点拓展 both都(两者);neither都不(两者);either两者中的任一;nothing没有东西;nobody没有人。
We couldn't buy anything because ___D___ of the shops were open.
A. all B. both C. nothing D. none
考点11.raise的用法
用法分析 raise做及物动词,意为“募集;征集”,其过去式和过去分词均为raised。常用短语:raise money for…意为“为……筹款”。
They want to raise money for homeless people.他们想为无家可归的人筹钱。
考点拓展 raise的其他含义:
(1)举起;提升。
Raise your hand to get permission to speak.举手争取发言权。
(2)培养;抚养。
The poor parents raised her as an engineer.贫穷的父母把她培养成一位工程师。
—How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital?
—We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs.(同义替换)
A. collect B. put up C. spend
考点12.breath /breθ/n. 呼出的气 吸入的气
breathe v. 呼吸
breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 屏息的
hold one's breath 屏息
考点13.healthy的用法
用法分析 healthy意为“健康的”、相当于fit,做表语或定语。healthy的反义词为 unhealthy或者weak。短语:keep healthy/fit保持健康。
你必须照顾自己,保持身体健康。You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
考点拓展(1)healthy的名词形式为health(健康),是不可数名词。be in good health身体健康。
(2)healthy的副词形式为healthily,用于修饰动词。
My grandmother is still good health.我祖母的身体还很健康.
It's good for your health.这对你的健康有好处。
注意 health(名词)健康→healthy→(形容词)健康的→healthily(副词)健康地。
Fast food like hamburgers is not___B___ food. We should have less them.
A.health B.healthy C.healthily
考点14.hard的用法
用法分析 hard adv.努力地,勤奋地,修饰动词。
今天他得努力工作。He has to work hard today.
考点拓展(1) hard adj.坚硬的;坚固的。反义词:soft adj.柔软的。
The bed seems very hard.这床似乎很硬。
(2)hard adj.困难的,相当于difficult。反义词:easy容易的。
There are some hard questions in the exam paper.这份试卷中有一些难题。
(3)hard adv.猛烈地,强烈地,相当于 heavily,用于修饰下雨、下雪。
It was raining hard outside.外面雨下得很大
(4)hardly adv.几乎不;几乎没有。本身是否定词。
I can hardly move the huge stone.我几乎不能移动这块巨大的石头。
It is raining___A___outside and the children are studying______ in the classroom.
A.hard;hard B.heavy;hard
C.hardly;hardly D.strong;hard
考点15.lose的用法
用法分析 lose意为“丢失,失去”,过去式lost。
When did you lose your book?你什么时候丢的书?
考点拓展 lose还用于“迷路,比赛或战斗中输了、失败了”等意义。
固定搭配get lost迷路,相当于 be lost/lose one’s wayolose oneself迷失自己。
The girl was lost and she couldn’t find her house.那个女孩迷路了,找不到家了。
If you keep to the main road, you won’t get lost.假如你沿着主路走,就不会迷路。
根据汉语意思完成句子
如果你去一个大城市,很容易迷路。
It’s easy to get lost/lose your way if you go to a big city.
考点16.difficulty的用法
用法分析 difficulty为名词,意为“困难;难题”,具体用法如下:
difficulty
表示具体意义的“困难"(如难事、难点、难题等)时,是可数名词。
表示抽象意义的“困难”时,是不可数名词。
每当我做事遇到困难时,我就向老师征求意见。I’ll ask my teacher for advice when I have difficulty in doing something.
考点拓展 difficult adj.困难的,用作形容词时,与hard意思相近,可与系动词连用,也可以修饰名词,做定语。
This is a difficult problem.这是一道难题。
It’s difficult for me.对我来说这很难。
固定搭配
with difficulty困难地
without difficulty容易地
be in difficulty有困难
run into difficulties遭遇困难
have dfficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难
—I’m Daisy, not Jessie.
—Sorry, I have dffculty ___A___ people’s name.
A. remembering B. remember C. to remember D. remembered
考点17.fight的用法
用法分析 fight做动词“争吵;打架;战斗”,名词“打架;争吵”,词组 have a fight with sb.表示“和某人争吵/打架”。
他们为什么打架?What do they fight for?
不要和你的朋友们吵架。Don't have a fight with your friends.
固定搭配
fight的固定搭配
fight over
为……而争吵/争斗
fight against...
为反对……而斗争
fight with
同……并肩战斗,与……打架
fight for
为……而战
考点18.important的用法
用法分析 important adj.重要的,重大的。
学习英语非常重要。Studying English is very important.
考点拓展 important的名词形式为 importance(重要性)。
It's very important for us to know the importance of English.对我们来说知道英语的重要性是很重要的。
特殊考点 It's important for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是重要的。
It's very important for us to learn a foreign language well.学好一门外语对于我们来说是很重要的。
翻译句子
It is very important for us to learn Chinese well.
______________对我们来说学好汉语很重要。______
考点19.wonder的用法
用法分析 wonder v.想知道;琢磨。→wonder + wonderful adj.精彩的→wonderfully adv.精彩地。
考点拓展 (1)wonder后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时,表委婉地请求或疑问。wonder后接that引导的宾语从句时,表示“感到惊讶”。
我不知道你是否能帮我一下。I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.
我对她赢了比赛感到惊讶。I wonder that she has won the race.
(2)wonder做可数名词,表示“奇迹;奇观”。
-Excuse me. I wonder ___A___ the plane can land on time.
-Wait a minute, please. Let me check it out.
A. if B. which C. that
考点20.successful的用法
用法分析 successful是形容词,意为“成功的;有成就的”,做表语或定语。
她是一位非常成功的母亲。She is a very successful mother.
巧学助记success n.成功十后缀-ful→successful adj.成功的+后缀-ly→successfully adv成功地(用于修饰动词)。success n.成功(去ss)+ed→succeed v成功。
Her first success encouraged her to work even harder.她的首次成功鼓舞她更加努力工作。
He finished the work successfully.他成功地完成了这项工作。
He succeeded in passing the exam他成功地通过了考试。
固定搭配 succeed in (doing)sth.=be successful in(doing)sth.=have success in(doing)sth.表示“成功地做某事”。
He succeeded in solving the problem.
=He was successful in solving the problem.
=He had success in solving the problem.他成功地解决了这个问题。
用所给词的适当形式填空
With great courage and effort, Liu Chuanjian, a national hero, successfully(success)landed the plane, saving over 100 people.
考点21.possible的用法
用法分析 possible是形容词,意为“可能存在或发生的;可能的”。
你认为在本周内有可能完成这项工作吗?Do you think it possible to finish the work this week?
possible
possible形容词“可能的”
反义词:impossible不可能的
as...as possible=as...as sb. can/could尽可能地……
possibly副词 “可能地”
反义词:impossibly不可能地
要她用现金买那辆汽车是不可能的。It is impossible for her to buy the car with cash.
我们必须尽快纠正我们的缺点。We must correct our defects as soon as possible.
-Believe it or not, a pig from South Africa started painting several months ago.
-Anything is ___B___ .
A. lively B. possible C. valuable D. personal
考点22.die死去,死亡
dead adj. 死的 无生命的
death n. 死亡 去世
dying adj. 垂死的 临终的 渴望的
die of 死于……,常接疾病、饥饿等内因
die from 死于……,常接事故、外伤等外因
考点23.action n. 行为
active adj. 积极的 活跃的
activity n. 活动 行动
take action 采取行动
六.语法点记忆
代词
考点一 人称代词
1.人称代词主格、宾格列表如下:
人称数格
单数
复数
一
二
三
一
二
三
主格
I
you
she;he;it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
her;him;it
us
you
them
2.人称代词的用法
(1)人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。如:She is a good student.
(2)人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或表语。如:I don’t know her.
His mother is waiting for him outside.
3.人称代词的顺序
几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是:
单数形式(二、三、一)you,he/she and I
复数形式(一、二、三)we,you and they
1.My best friend and were fixing up the broken machine when the rainstorm came.
A.I B.me C.mine
答案 A 本题考查代词。设空处在句子中作主语,代词须选用主格。故选A。
2.Mike's aunt is English teacher. We all like .
A.our;she B.our;her C.we;she D.we;her
答案 B 本题考查代词的用法。第一个空修饰名词,故用形容词性物主代词;第二个空在动词like后面,所以用宾格,故选B。
考点二 物主代词
1.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,列表如下:
数人称词义类型
单数
复数
一
二
三
一
二
三
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他/她/它们的
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
/
ours
yours
theirs
2.形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用。如:His parents are both office workers.
My name is Jack.
3.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。如:My idea is quite different from hers.
4.名词性物主代词可与of连用作定语,相当于“of+名词所有格”,表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩。如:
He is a friend of mine.(我的一个朋友)
5.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别
形容词性物主代词之后要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接名词。如:这张票是她的,不是我的。[误] This is hers ticket.It’s not my. [正] This is her ticket.It’s not mine.
1.—May I use your phone, Sally?I left at home.
—Sure, here you are.
A.yours B.his C.hers D.mine
答案 D 本题考查名词性物主代词。根据语境可知,此处指代的是“我的电话”。故选D。
2.I have a little sister. favorite subject is English.
A.Her B.Your C.His D.My
答案 A 本题考查代词。此处指代a little sister,为女性第三人称单数,且根据语境可知此处用形容词性物主代词。故选A。
3.—Is this hat ?
—No, the red one is .
A.Lucy's;her B.Lucy;her C.Lucy's;hers D.Lucy;hers
答案 C 本题考查名词所有格和物主代词。问帽子是不是露西的,应该用名词所有格;用一个词表示她的帽子,应该用名词性物主代词。故选C。
考点三 反身代词
1.反身代词的单复数形式,表格如下:
数
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself 我自己
ourselves 我们自己
第二人称
yourself 你自己
yourselves 你们自己
第三人称
himself 他自己
herself 她自己
itself 它自己
themselves
2.反身代词的用法
I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作宾语)
The children made model planes themselves.(作同位语)
3.反身代词的常用词组
teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学
enjoy oneself过得愉快;玩得高兴 help oneself to随便吃/用
come to oneself苏醒 hurt oneself受伤
by oneself独自
Tai chi, part of Chinese culture, is an exercise which helps people improve in health.
A.themselves B.ourselves C.itself D.myself
答案 A 本题考查反身代词。根据语境可知,此处指代people,故选择themselves。
考点四 不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词和it的用法
一、不定代词
1.普通不定代词
(1)普通不定代词
初中阶段常用的普通不定代词,列表如下:
some;any
few;little
none;
one;
other
many;much
either;neither
each;every
both;all
(2)普通不定代词的用法
①some与any
some和any 均表示“一些”,既可指代或修饰可数名词,也可指代或修饰不可数名词;some 一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句中或if,whether后。但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。如:
There aren’t any students in the classroom.
Look!Some boys are playing football.
—Would you like some coffee?—Yes,please.
②many 与 much
many 指代或修饰可数名词复数,还可以与表示程度的副词 so,too,how连用。much 指代或修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词so,too,how连用。如:
How many bottles of water do you need?
He never eats so much breakfast.
③either与neither
相同点
均用于两个人或物
不同点
either
指“两者中的任意一个”。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。either...or... 或者……或者……
neither
指“两者中没有一个”(全否定)。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。neither...nor... 两者都不……
④both与all
both 表示“两者都”,常与and连用;all指“三者或三者以上都”,常与of连用。如:
Both she and I are students.
Both plans are good.
Jim,Lucy and Lily all agree to stay here.
注意 both;all;either;any;neither;none的区别
不定代词
都
任何
都不
两者
both
either
neither
三者或三者以上
all
any
none
⑤each与every(限定词)
each 和 every 都表示“每一”。each 强调个体,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,当它作同位语时,不影响谓语动词的数;every强调整体情况,修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外,each指两个或两个以上的人或事物,而every指三个或三个以上的人或事物。如:
There are trees on each side of the road.
Every student in Class 5 has passed the exam.
Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.
We each wear a yellow T-shirt.
1.I don't like the style of this T-shirt. Please show me one.
A.either B.neither C.another D.other
答案 C 本题考查不定代词。此处用another指任意的另外一件。故选C项。
2.—Although these were good students, of them had a score above 60.
—I can't believe it!
A.none B.no one C.some D.all
答案 A 本题考查不定代词。由语境可知,本空应表否定,故排除C、D。又因为no one不能与of连用,故本题选择A。
⑥little;a little;few;a few
代替复数名词
代替不可数名词
肯定
a few(一些)
a little(少量)
否定
few(几乎没有)少
little(几乎没有)少
如:Would you please buy some salt for me,Tony?There is little left.
I recognized a few of other people.
⑦other;the other;others;the others;another
不定代词
意义
用法说明
other
另外的
可作定语,常与复数名词连用;但如果前面有
the,some,any,each,every,no,my,your,his等,则可与单数名词连用
the other
两者中的另一个
常与one连用,构成“one...,the other...”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“其余的全部”
others
另一些
泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语,可以构成“some...,others...”结构
the others
其余的
特指其余所有的人或物
another
又一,另一
一般情况下,后面接可数名词单数,但后面可加few或带数字的复数名词
Look at the sign, please. You can park your car on side of the street.
A.both B.other C.either D.all
答案 C 本题考查代词。街道只有两边,故排除D项;both、other后接复数名词,所以A、B两项错误;此空填either,指街道的任何一边都可以停车。故选C。
2.复合不定代词
(1)初中阶段常用的复合不定代词列表如下:
somebody
(某人)
anybody
(任何人)
nobody
(没有人)
everybody
(每个人)
someone
(某人)
anyone
(任何人)
no one
(没有人)
everyone
(每个人)
something
(某事)
anything
(任何事)
nothing
(没有东西)
everything
(每一件事)
Do you have anything special to tell me today?
Listen to me,boys and girls.I have something to tell you.
(2)在反意疑问句中,当句子陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如 everybody,nobody,anyone等时,其反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词 they;当句子陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如 everything,anything,something,nothing等时,其反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词 it。如:
Everybody is here,aren’t they?
Everything is ready,isn’t it?
(3)当形容词或 else修饰复合不定代词 something,everything,everyone 等时,形容词或 else 必须放在这些词的后面。如:
Xiaoming,he has something important to tell you.
Can you find anyone else?
(4)everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;every one 既可指人也可指物,还可以和 of 连用。如:
I’d like everyone to be happy.
I have kept every one of her letters.
1.—Amazing! Tom got the best grade in the test last week.
— is impossible. He studies really hard online this term.
A.Anything B.Nothing C.Everything D.Something
答案 B 本题考查不定代词的用法。根据语境可知,只要努力就没有什么是不可能的。故答案为B。
二、指示代词
1.指示代词,表格如下:
单数
this
that
复数
these
those
2.指示代词的用法
(1)this/these
①近指。如:This is my pen. These are my books.
②指下文要提到的事。如:Please remember this:No pain,no gain.
(2)that/those
①远指。如:
That’s her bike.
②指前面刚刚提到过的事。如:He was ill.That was why he didn’t go to school.
(3)打电话时用this介绍自己,that询问对方。
This is Mike speaking. Who’s that speaking?
1.The gravity on Mars is only about three eighths of on the Earth.
A.that B.those C.one D.ones
答案 A 本题考查代词。本句含有比较结构,在这种结构中,that替代可数名词单数或不可数名词。此句中gravity是不可数名词,故选A。
2.Sam finds sweeping robots useful, and he plans to buy for his grandma.
A.it B.one C.this D.that
答案 B 本题考查代词。one指同类事物中的一个,故本题选择B。
三、疑问代词
疑问代词
主要用法
例句
who
作主语、表语、宾语
Who wants to go with me?
whom
who的宾格形式,作宾语
To whom are you talking?
whose
who的所有格形式,作表语、定语
Whose book is this?
what/who
what询问某人的职业
—What’s your father?
—He is a worker.
who询问某人的身份、姓名
—Who is the boy under the tree?
—He is Li Ming.
what/
which
what指“什么”,没有范围的限定
What would you like?
which“哪一个,哪一些”,有范围的限制
Which one do you like best?
一.根据句意,用恰当的疑问代词填空
①— What do you usually do at the weekend?
—I often stay at home and help with the housework.
②— Who is the boy under the tree?
—He is my brother John.
③— Which do you like better, running or swimming?
—I like swimming better.
④— Whose gloves are these?
—They’re Miss Li’s.
四、it的用法
1.指代前面提到过的事物。如:The book on the desk is not mine.It is Jim’s.
2.代替指示代词this或that。如:—What’s that?—It is a pencil.
3.指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如:Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is.
4.指代时间或季节。如:—What’s the time now?—It’s ten o’clock.
5.指代天气。如:—What’s the weather like today?—It’s sunny.
6.指代距离。如:How far is it from your school to your home?
7.it的常用句型:
(1)It is+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth. 如:It is important for us to work hard.
(2)It’s time to do/for/that... 如:It’s time to get up/for lunch/that we went home.
(3)It seems that...好像…… 如:It seems that you are right.
(4)It’s one’s turn to do...轮到某人做…… 如:It’s your turn to sing.
(5)It’s+adj.+that 从句 如:It’s natural that they should have different views.
8.作形式宾语。如:Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?
9. it,one,that作代词时的区别
(1)it特指上文提到的同一对象,是同一事物。如:The book is mine.It’s very interesting.
(2)one 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类而不同物。如:—Who has a pen?—I have one.
(3)that 常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复。如:
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.
一.代词练习
1.I'm sorry I didn't call you. I didn't find ____________ phone number.
A.my B.his C.your D.her
【答案】C
【解析】句意:很抱歉,我没给你打电话。我没找到你的电话号码。
考查代词辨析。my我的;his他的;your你的;her她的。根据上文“call you”,可知,没找到你的电话号码,故选C。
2.My elder sister felt sick because _________ ate too much ice cream yesterday.(2020房山一模)
A.he B.she C.you D.we
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我的姐姐生病了因为昨天吃了太多冰淇淋。
考查代词。he他;she她;you你;we我们。根据“elder sister”可知是第三人称单数,而且是女性,此处用人称代词的主格she。故选B。
3.My brother is a doctor. He loves _________work very much.(2020怀柔一模)
A.her B.his C.my D.your
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我的哥哥是一名医生。他非常热爱他的工作。
考查形容词性物主代词。her她的;his他的;my我的;your你的/你们的。分析句子可知,此处指代本句主语He,男性,表示“他的”,所以用his。故选B。
4.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is an interesting book. I like reading ________.(2020通州一模)
A.it B.him C.her D.them
【答案】A
【解析】句意:《汤姆索亚历险记》是一本有趣的书。我喜欢读它。
考查人称代词辨析。it“它”,him“他”,her“她”,them“他们”;“我喜欢读它”中的“它”是指前句提到的书,需用指物的代词it。故选A。
5. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这本英语小说对于你相当简单,基本没有生词在里边。
little与a little修饰不可数名词,few和a few修饰可数名词复数,a little与 a few 表示有一些,而little和few表示几乎没有。words是可数名词,文中之意是基本没有生词,所以用few.故选C。
二.单句填空
1.—What did you do on vacation, Sally?
—N . I just stayed at home.
答案 Nothing 考查不定代词。结合首字母,由下文“I just stayed at home.”可知,此处表示什么也没做。故填Nothing。
2.People showed (they) thanks with smiles and she would always smile back.
答案 their 考查物主代词。该空修饰名词thanks,应用形容词性物主代词,故填their。
3.That's . That's the man I was talking about.
答案 him 考查人称代词。根据“That's the man I was talking about.”可知,这里指代的是the man,作表语,故填him。
4.It's not my book. It's (her).
答案 hers 考查名词性物主代词。根据前一句“It's not my book.”可知,这里指代的是“她的书”,用名词性物主代词,故填hers。
5.There isn't a in the classroom. All the students are having a P.E. lesson in the playground.
答案 anybody/anyone 考查不定代词。根据“All the students are having a P.E. lesson in the playground.”可知,教室里没有人,结合首字母可知,此空填anybody或anyone。
6. is our duty to make our country better and stronger.
答案 It 考查it的用法。此处用代词it作形式主语,真正的主语是to make our country better and stronger,又因为设空处位于句首,首字母应大写,故填It。
7.My sister is only six, but can already help with some housework.
答案 she 考查人称代词。此空指代My sister, 是第三人称单数、女性,且此空作后一个分句的主语,故填she。
七.写作背默
单元主题写作
一、主题分析
本单元的话题为“运动”,本单元的书面表达围绕此话题展开。
自教育部提倡初中生每天长跑1,500m后,课间在校园里可以看到很多学生跑步的身影。对于这样的倡议,你在学校里做了一个调查,有些学生觉得好,有些学生觉得不好。请你根据以下思维导图把调查的结果用英语写成一篇短文,并谈谈自己的看法,发表在学校的报刊上。
要求:1.对所给要点,不要简单翻译,要有适当发挥;
2.短文开头已写好,词数不少于80词;
3.自己的观点至少两点;
4.文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。
【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示,可以提取以下信息:
1.这是一篇调查结果,描述学生们的观点应用第三人称,写自己的观点应用第一人称;
2.学生的观点分为同意和不同意,要根据提示分别给出同意或不同意的理由,分开列点阐述,并至少要写两点自己的观点;
3.词数应不少于80,不得出现真实的姓名、班级和校名。
【写作模板】
【高分范文】
I did a survey about whether middle school students should run 1,500 meters every day. Here is the result.
Different people have different ideas.Some think it's a good idea to run every day.They think doing sports is a good way to relax and keep healthy.What's more, a healthy body can help us study better.However, other students think differently.They think running is too tiring.They feel so tired that they can't concentrate on their study in class.Then they want to sleep.
In my opinion, I think we should run every day.After running, we will be more energetic and active, then we can study better and live a happier life.On the other hand, we can learn some spirits during running.For example, when we meet difficulties, never give up easily.
写作迁移
运动塑造健康,团结凝聚力量。2023年5月10日,你们学校举办了春季运动会。你和班上的许多同学参加了比赛项目,战绩显著。其他同学观看了比赛,并为选手们加油喝彩。请你根据下面四幅图片的提示,写一篇日记,介绍运动会概况及班上同学参加的情况,并抒发自己的活动感受。
要求:
1.文章须包含图片所提供的主要信息,可适当发挥。行文连贯,条理清晰;
2.文章中不能出现真实的姓名和校名;
3.词数80左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。
参考词汇:teamwork团队合作
Saturday,May 11th,2023 Sunny
It was sunny yesterday.Our school held a spring sports meet.There were 4 events for both boys and girls.They were the long jump,the high jump,the 400meter relay race and the 100meter race.
Everyone in our class felt very excited
Saturday,May 11th,2023Sunny
It was sunny yesterday.Our school held a spring sports meet.There were 4 events for both boys and girls.They were the long jump,the high jump,the 400meter relay race and the 100meter race.
Everyone in our class felt very excited
Because we got a wonderful result.Sixteen of us took part in the activity and we got many prizes.My classmates Yuan Ying and Fang Dan won the girls' long jump and the high jump without difficulty.So did I in the boys' 100meter race.In the boys' 400meter relay race,three boys and I ran very fast,coming out on top.At the same time,all other classmates watched the matches,took photos and cheered us on.
Sports can keep us healthy and we should do sports every day.Also,teamwork plays an important role in the relay race.As the saying goes,“One tree can't make a forest.”So it made us learn to help each other in our daily life.
$$【同步100分背默】Unit2 Go for it!知识清单
一.重点词汇背默
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!15
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.last but not least
2.marathon
3. 然而;不过
4.still
5. (书面书写为m)米,公尺
6.line
7. 呼吸
8.hold your breath
9. 客气地建议或邀请
10. 有信心的,自信的
11.stomachache
12.shall
13. (两者中的)任何一个
14. 选择;选择权
15. 似乎,好像
16. 某人
17. 也不
18. 欢呼
19. 横过
20. 终身的;毕生的
21. 梦
22. 晚于;过
23. 唱片;记录
24. 没有人
25. 成员
26.moment
27.if
28.possible
29.purpose
30.raise
31.charity
32. 鼓励
33. 教
34. 笔记
35. 在……期间
36. 注视;仔细考虑
37. 两个都
38.sink
39.sink or swim
40.as
41. 冲浪者
42. 鲨鱼
43. 袭击;损害
44. 差不多,将近
45. 死;死亡
46. 浏览
47. 竞赛
48. 比较
49. 成就;成绩
50. 冲浪板
51.ride
52.lover
53.gold
54. 奖牌;勋章
55. 健壮的
56. 最终的
57. 队
58. 甚至
59.worse
60.pay attention
61.continue
62.brave
63. 动作
64. 打斗;交战;打架
65. 得分;进球
66. 射门
67. 胜利;成功
68. 指引;引路(过去式是led)
69.international
70. 机会,机遇,有利时机
71. 改进,改善
72. 创造;创建
73. 想知道;琢磨
74. 成功
75. 解释
76. 简单的
77. 相同的;同样的
78. 勇敢;勇气
79. 向前
80. 勇气,意志
二.词汇拓展背默
1. breath n. 呼出的气;吸入的气→ vi.呼吸→ adj.气喘吁吁的→ adv.气喘吁吁地
2. confident adj. 自信的→ n.信心→ adv.信赖地, 安心地
3. seem v. 看来,似乎,好像 → adj. 表面上的;貌似的→ adv. 貌似, 看似; 显然
4. cross v. 穿过, 越过; 跑过 → n.横越; 横渡;人行横道;十字路口→ prep. 跨越; 越过; 穿过
5. encourage v. 鼓励→ n.鼓励
6. teach v. 教→ n. 教师
7. consider v. 考虑, 细想→ adj.体贴的 → adj.相当大的 → n.考虑
8. surf v. 冲浪→ n. 冲浪者→ n. 冲浪板
9. die v. 死去, 死亡→ n.死→ adj.死的→ adj. 致命的→ adj.垂死的,渴望的
10. competition n. 比赛;竞赛→ vi. 比赛,竞争→ adj.有竞争力的→ adv.有竞争力地→ n.竞争者
11. compare v. 相比较; 可媲美→ adj. 可比较的;类似的;比的上的→ n. 比较;对比
12. achieve v. 完成, 达到→ adj. 可达成的→ n.<U>完成;<C>成就
13. fit adj. 健壮的,健康的; 合适的;能胜任的→ n. 健康
14. continue v. (使)继续, (使)延续→ adj. 持续的; 连续不断的
15. brave adj. 勇敢的;无畏的→ n. 勇敢; 勇气;无畏
16. lead n. 带路,领路;引领 → adj. 最重要的 → n.领导者→ n. 领导;领导地位
17. improve v. 改善,改进;变得更好 → n. 进步;改善;提高;改造
18. create v. 创造→ adj.有创造性的→ n.创造,创建→ n.创造力→ n.创造者, 创作者
19. wonder v. 想要知道n. 奇观;奇迹;惊异;惊讶 → adj.极好的;精彩的;奇妙的;令人惊叹的
20. success n. 成功, 胜利,成就 → v. 成功→ adj. 成功的→ adv.成功地
21. explain v. 解释,说明 → n.解释,说明
22. simple adj. 单纯的,纯粹的,完全的→ adv. 仅仅; 完全; 非常;坦白地;直截了当地; 简朴地; 简单地
23. courage n. 勇气, 胆量, 勇敢→ adj.勇敢的;有勇气的;无畏的 → v.使…泄气;
24. spirit n. 精神, 风气 → adj. 精神的;心灵的;宗教的
三.重点短语背默
1.the benefits of...
2.make us healthy
3. 鼓舞某人
4.answer the questions
5.like sth. best
6. . ...的起源
7.share sth. with sb.
8. 最后但同样重要的一点
9.fishing line
10. 落后
11.watch sb. do sth.
12.watch sb. doing sth.
13. 屏住某人的呼吸
14.make it
15.feel confident
16. 休息下
17.neither of them
18. 穿过这条线
19.lifelong dream
20.one of.... ..
21.none of... ...
22.if possible
23.keep doing sth.
24. 筹钱
25.tell sb. to do sth
26.encourage sb. to do sth.
27. 自生自灭
28.compare with..
29.physical activities
30. 根据...
31.at least至少
32.be proud of...
33.forget to do sth.
34.forget doing sth.
35.do an interview
36.become fit
37.be good for...
38.be bad for...
39.at the age of...
40. 从不放弃
41.even worse
42. 不关注...
43. lose heart
44.thanks to...
四.重点句子背默
1.How do give me ? 运动是怎么给我乐趣的?
2.How do sports us ? 运动是怎么使我们健康的?
3.How do sporting people? 运动精神是怎么鼓舞人们的?
4.What sport do you ? 你最喜欢什么运动?
5. All the people their . Would he it? 所有人屏住呼吸。他能成功吗?
6. But Zhang of them. 但是张一个都没选择。
7. With people , he finally the line. 随着人们的欢呼声,他最后穿过了终点线。
8. None of his family worried or to him.没有一个家庭成员担心或尝试阻止他。
9. As a child, Bethany Hamilton's was to become a . 作为一个孩子,Bethany Hamilton的梦想是成为一个冲浪者。
10. She her left arm and nearly . 她失去了她的左手,差点死掉。
11. She worked to ride the waves of her . 她努力去实现她的梦想。
12. I wasn't very as a kid. So my parents took me to the . 当我是孩子时并不强壮。所以我的父母带我去了游泳池。
13. Even worse, the team's best hurt her foot . 更糟糕的是,队伍的最佳选手严重地伤到她的脚。
14. But she paid no to the pain and to play. 但是她不在意疼痛,继续打比赛。
15. Her brave actions the team. 她勇敢的行为鼓励了整个队伍。
16. However, the never up. 然而,队员们从未放弃。
17. There are still many . 未来仍然有很多困难。
18. But they will rise to every , thanks to their .但凭借着闪耀的女足精神,她们将勇于应对每一次挑战。
五.易错点背默
考点1.however的用法
用法分析 however是副词“然而;不过”,however可位于句首、句末或句中,且常用逗号将其与句子的其他部分隔开。
天正在下着大雨,可是我还是决定要出去。It's raining hard, however, I decide to go out.
考点拓展 but表示“但是”,是并列连词,转折意味较强。直接引出分句,无需用逗号与后面的句子分开。
I want to go for a travel, but I am too busy now.我想去旅行,但是现在太忙了。
考点2.comfortable的用法
用法分析 comfortable是形容词,意为“舒适的,安逸的”,做表语或定语,其反义词为uncomfortable。比较级、最高级为more comfortable,most comfortable。
这个椅子使他更舒适。The chair made him more comfortable.
用所给词的适当形式填空
Town Cinema has (comfort)seats than Guangming Cinema.
考点3.either的用法
In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.
晚上,我或者看电视,或者玩电脑游戏。
either的三种常见用法:
(1)作副词,用于否定句句末,意为“也不”;
(2)作代词,意为“(两者中)任一”;
(3)作连词,通常用于“either…or…”结构中,意为“要么……要么……;或者……或者……”。此结构中,谓语动词的单复数一般与离它最近的主语保持一致。
考点4.neither
For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
长达一周,她没有做任何家务,我也没有做。
neither作代词,指“两者都不”,其后常接of构成neither of…。如:
Neither of them has a car. 他们两个都没有汽车。
neither作副词,表示“也不”,放在句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或物,后面要用倒装语序,即Neither+助动词/be/情态动词+主语。如:
—I can't understand a word of it. 我一个字都弄不懂。—Neither can I. 我也是。
neither…nor…用来连接两个并列的主语,表示否定概念,谓语要与邻近的主语保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。
如:Neither you nor he is wrong. 你和他都没有错。
考点5.seem的用法
用法分析 “seem to be+名词形容词”意为“看起来……,好像……”。
艾丽斯看上去是一个非常聪明的女孩。Alice seems to be a very clever girl.
考点拓展 seem句型透视
(1)Sb. +seem(s)(+to be)+表语.“某人似乎/看上去……”
His father seems(to be)a kind man.他父亲看上去像个和善的人。
(2)Sb. +seem(s)to do sth某人好像/似乎做某事。
Tom seems to know everything.汤姆好像什么都知道。
(3)Sb. +seem(s)十不定式。
=It seems that sb.…“某人似乎/看上去……”。
It seems that she is sleeping.
=She seems to be sleeping.她好像在睡觉。
(4)It seems +that从句.“似乎……;看起来好像……”。
It seems that his temperature is all right.他的体温似乎正常。
-There are dark clouds, and the wind is blowing strongly.
-It that a typhoon(台风)is coming.
A. feels B. sounds C. seems D. looks
考点6.choose的用法
用法分析 choose动词“选择;挑选”,其过去式为chose,过去分词为chosen。
我想给我的朋友选一件漂亮的礼物。I want to choose a nice gift for my friend.
考点拓展 choose的名词形式choice表示“选择;抉择”,是中考易考点。
固定搭配 make a choice 做选择;have no choice but to do 除了做……别无选择。
I had no choice but to wait.除了等,我没有别的选择。
-We missed the last bus. What should we do?
-I’m afraid we have no but to take a taxi.
A. decision B. reason C. choice D. chance
考点7.cross的用法
用法分析cross在此做动词“横过;穿过”。
他要横穿这条大街。He is going to cross the street.
考点辨析cross, across, crossing
(1)cross是动词(从表面)“穿过,越过,渡过”,可直接接宾语。
Be careful to cross the road.横穿马路时要当心。
(2) across指从这边到那边,平面“通过,横过”,含义与on有关,动词walk/go/run/swim等+across=cross,常与 street,bridge,river等连用。
I can swim across the river in 10 minutes.我可以在十分钟之内游过河去
(3)crossing名词“十字路口”。
Turn left at the second crossing,then go on.在第二个十字路口向左转,然后继续走。
用所给词的适当形式填空
When you go (cross)the street,you must be careful.
考点8.cheer up的用法
用法分析 cheer up意为"(使)变得高兴;振奋起来",属于“动词+副词”结构,接代词it/them时要放在cheer up中间;接名词时放后面、中间都可以。
这个好消息使我们高兴了起来。The good news cheered us up.
考点拓展(1)cheer up也可单独使用,常用于口语中,用以鼓励对方振作起来。
Cheer up!Our troubles will soon be over.振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。
(2)cheers为感叹词,用于祝酒,意为“干杯”。
Cheers!My friends!干杯!我的朋友们!
—Little Jenny looks unhappy today.
—Don’t worry. A box of chocolates will her ______.
A give; up B. wake; up C. cheer; up D. pick; up
考点9.dream的用法
用法分析 dream做动词,意为“做梦;梦见”。做名词,意为“梦,梦想”,多用于表示心愿或理想。
He often dreams at night.他晚上经常做梦。
Everyone has his dreams.每个人都有梦想。
注意 若表示“梦想,梦见”时,要用 dream of/about(doing)sth.,意为“梦想/梦见(做)某事”。
Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true.总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。
The boy dreams of being a pilot.这男孩子一心想当飞行员。
根据汉语提示完成句子
Hold on to your (梦想);one day it may come true.
考点10.none的用法
用法分析 none既可用来表示人,也可用来表示物,意为“(三者或三者以上中)一个也没有”。none做主语时,谓语动词既可为单数形式,也可为复数形式。none of后接不可数名词时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。
他们当中没有一个是日本人。None of them is /are Japanese.
这些钱都不是我的。None of the money is mine.
注意 no one意为“没有人”,相当于nobody,后面一般不接of短语。做主语时,谓语动词为单数形式。
考点拓展 both都(两者);neither都不(两者);either两者中的任一;nothing没有东西;nobody没有人。
We couldn't buy anything because of the shops were open.
A. all B. both C. nothing D. none
考点11.raise的用法
用法分析 raise做及物动词,意为“募集;征集”,其过去式和过去分词均为raised。常用短语:raise money for…意为“为……筹款”。
They want to raise money for homeless people.他们想为无家可归的人筹钱。
考点拓展 raise的其他含义:
(1)举起;提升。
Raise your hand to get permission to speak.举手争取发言权。
(2)培养;抚养。
The poor parents raised her as an engineer.贫穷的父母把她培养成一位工程师。
—How did your class raise money for the poor old man in hospital?
—We organized a book fair on the playground and sold some books and CDs.(同义替换)
A. collect B. put up C. spend
考点12.breath /breθ/n. 呼出的气 吸入的气
breathe v. 呼吸
breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的 屏息的
hold one's breath 屏息
考点13.healthy的用法
用法分析 healthy意为“健康的”、相当于fit,做表语或定语。healthy的反义词为 unhealthy或者weak。短语:keep healthy/fit保持健康。
你必须照顾自己,保持身体健康。You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
考点拓展(1)healthy的名词形式为health(健康),是不可数名词。be in good health身体健康。
(2)healthy的副词形式为healthily,用于修饰动词。
My grandmother is still good health.我祖母的身体还很健康.
It's good for your health.这对你的健康有好处。
注意 health(名词)健康→healthy→(形容词)健康的→healthily(副词)健康地。
Fast food like hamburgers is not food. We should have less them.
A.health B.healthy C.healthily
考点14.hard的用法
用法分析 hard adv.努力地,勤奋地,修饰动词。
今天他得努力工作。He has to work hard today.
考点拓展(1) hard adj.坚硬的;坚固的。反义词:soft adj.柔软的。
The bed seems very hard.这床似乎很硬。
(2)hard adj.困难的,相当于difficult。反义词:easy容易的。
There are some hard questions in the exam paper.这份试卷中有一些难题。
(3)hard adv.猛烈地,强烈地,相当于 heavily,用于修饰下雨、下雪。
It was raining hard outside.外面雨下得很大
(4)hardly adv.几乎不;几乎没有。本身是否定词。
I can hardly move the huge stone.我几乎不能移动这块巨大的石头。
It is raining outside and the children are studying______ in the classroom.
A.hard;hard B.heavy;hard
C.hardly;hardly D.strong;hard
考点15.lose的用法
用法分析 lose意为“丢失,失去”,过去式lost。
When did you lose your book?你什么时候丢的书?
考点拓展 lose还用于“迷路,比赛或战斗中输了、失败了”等意义。
固定搭配get lost迷路,相当于 be lost/lose one’s wayolose oneself迷失自己。
The girl was lost and she couldn’t find her house.那个女孩迷路了,找不到家了。
If you keep to the main road, you won’t get lost.假如你沿着主路走,就不会迷路。
根据汉语意思完成句子
如果你去一个大城市,很容易迷路。
It’s easy to get if you go to a big city.
考点16.difficulty的用法
用法分析 difficulty为名词,意为“困难;难题”,具体用法如下:
difficulty
表示具体意义的“困难"(如难事、难点、难题等)时,是可数名词。
表示抽象意义的“困难”时,是不可数名词。
每当我做事遇到困难时,我就向老师征求意见。I’ll ask my teacher for advice when I have difficulty in doing something.
考点拓展 difficult adj.困难的,用作形容词时,与hard意思相近,可与系动词连用,也可以修饰名词,做定语。
This is a difficult problem.这是一道难题。
It’s difficult for me.对我来说这很难。
固定搭配
with difficulty困难地
without difficulty容易地
be in difficulty有困难
run into difficulties遭遇困难
have dfficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难
—I’m Daisy, not Jessie.
—Sorry, I have difficulty people’s name.
A. remembering B. remember C. to remember D. remembered
考点17.fight的用法
用法分析 fight做动词“争吵;打架;战斗”,名词“打架;争吵”,词组 have a fight with sb.表示“和某人争吵/打架”。
他们为什么打架?What do they fight for?
不要和你的朋友们吵架。Don't have a fight with your friends.
固定搭配
fight的固定搭配
fight over
为……而争吵/争斗
fight against...
为反对……而斗争
fight with
同……并肩战斗,与……打架
fight for
为……而战
考点18.important的用法
用法分析 important adj.重要的,重大的。
学习英语非常重要。Studying English is very important.
考点拓展 important的名词形式为 importance(重要性)。
It's very important for us to know the importance of English.对我们来说知道英语的重要性是很重要的。
特殊考点 It's important for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是重要的。
It's very important for us to learn a foreign language well.学好一门外语对于我们来说是很重要的。
翻译句子
It is very important for us to learn Chinese well.
______________ ______
考点19.wonder的用法
用法分析 wonder v.想知道;琢磨。→wonder + wonderful adj.精彩的→wonderfully adv.精彩地。
考点拓展 (1)wonder后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时,表委婉地请求或疑问。wonder后接that引导的宾语从句时,表示“感到惊讶”。
我不知道你是否能帮我一下。I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.
我对她赢了比赛感到惊讶。I wonder that she has won the race.
(2)wonder做可数名词,表示“奇迹;奇观”。
-Excuse me. I wonder the plane can land on time.
-Wait a minute, please. Let me check it out.
A. if B. which C. that
考点20.successful的用法
用法分析 successful是形容词,意为“成功的;有成就的”,做表语或定语。
她是一位非常成功的母亲。She is a very successful mother.
巧学助记success n.成功十后缀-ful→successful adj.成功的+后缀-ly→successfully adv成功地(用于修饰动词)。success n.成功(去ss)+ed→succeed v成功。
Her first success encouraged her to work even harder.她的首次成功鼓舞她更加努力工作。
He finished the work successfully.他成功地完成了这项工作。
He succeeded in passing the exam他成功地通过了考试。
固定搭配 succeed in (doing)sth.=be successful in(doing)sth.=have success in(doing)sth.表示“成功地做某事”。
He succeeded in solving the problem.
=He was successful in solving the problem.
=He had success in solving the problem.他成功地解决了这个问题。
用所给词的适当形式填空
With great courage and effort, Liu Chuanjian, a national hero, (success)landed the plane, saving over 100 people.
考点21.possible的用法
用法分析 possible是形容词,意为“可能存在或发生的;可能的”。
你认为在本周内有可能完成这项工作吗?Do you think it possible to finish the work this week?
possible
possible形容词“可能的”
反义词:impossible不可能的
as...as possible=as...as sb. can/could尽可能地……
possibly副词 “可能地”
反义词:impossibly不可能地
要她用现金买那辆汽车是不可能的。It is impossible for her to buy the car with cash.
我们必须尽快纠正我们的缺点。We must correct our defects as soon as possible.
-Believe it or not, a pig from South Africa started painting several months ago.
-Anything is .
A. lively B. possible C. valuable D. personal
考点22.die死去,死亡
dead adj. 死的 无生命的
death n. 死亡 去世
dying adj. 垂死的 临终的 渴望的
die of 死于……,常接疾病、饥饿等内因
die from 死于……,常接事故、外伤等外因
考点23.action n. 行为
active adj. 积极的 活跃的
activity n. 活动 行动
take action 采取行动
六.语法点记忆
代词
考点一 人称代词
1.人称代词主格、宾格列表如下:
人称数格
单数
复数
一
二
三
一
二
三
主格
I
you
she;he;it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
her;him;it
us
you
them
2.人称代词的用法
(1)人称代词的主格在句中充当主语。如:She is a good student.
(2)人称代词的宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语或表语。如:I don’t know her.
His mother is waiting for him outside.
3.人称代词的顺序
几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是:
单数形式(二、三、一)you,he/she and I
复数形式(一、二、三)we,you and they
1.My best friend and were fixing up the broken machine when the rainstorm came.
A.I B.me C.mine
2.Mike's aunt is English teacher. We all like .
A.our;she B.our;her C.we;she D.we;her
考点二 物主代词
1.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,列表如下:
数人称词义类型
单数
复数
一
二
三
一
二
三
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他/她/它们的
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
/
ours
yours
theirs
2.形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用。如:His parents are both office workers.
My name is Jack.
3.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。如:My idea is quite different from hers.
4.名词性物主代词可与of连用作定语,相当于“of+名词所有格”,表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩。如:
He is a friend of mine.(我的一个朋友)
5.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别
形容词性物主代词之后要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接名词。如:这张票是她的,不是我的。[误] This is hers ticket.It’s not my. [正] This is her ticket.It’s not mine.
1.—May I use your phone, Sally?I left at home.
—Sure, here you are.
A.yours B.his C.hers D.mine
2.I have a little sister. favorite subject is English.
A.Her B.Your C.His D.My
3.—Is this hat ?
—No, the red one is .
A.Lucy's;her B.Lucy;her C.Lucy's;hers D.Lucy;hers
考点三 反身代词
1.反身代词的单复数形式,表格如下:
数
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself 我自己
ourselves 我们自己
第二人称
yourself 你自己
yourselves 你们自己
第三人称
himself 他自己
herself 她自己
itself 它自己
themselves
2.反身代词的用法
I hope you can enjoy yourselves at the party.(作宾语)
The children made model planes themselves.(作同位语)
3.反身代词的常用词组
teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学
enjoy oneself过得愉快;玩得高兴 help oneself to随便吃/用
come to oneself苏醒 hurt oneself受伤
by oneself独自
Tai chi, part of Chinese culture, is an exercise which helps people improve in health.
A.themselves B.ourselves C.itself D.myself
考点四 不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词和it的用法
一、不定代词
1.普通不定代词
(1)普通不定代词
初中阶段常用的普通不定代词,列表如下:
some;any
few;little
none;
one;
other
many;much
either;neither
each;every
both;all
(2)普通不定代词的用法
①some与any
some和any 均表示“一些”,既可指代或修饰可数名词,也可指代或修饰不可数名词;some 一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句中或if,whether后。但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。如:
There aren’t any students in the classroom.
Look!Some boys are playing football.
—Would you like some coffee?—Yes,please.
②many 与 much
many 指代或修饰可数名词复数,还可以与表示程度的副词 so,too,how连用。much 指代或修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词so,too,how连用。如:
How many bottles of water do you need?
He never eats so much breakfast.
③either与neither
相同点
均用于两个人或物
不同点
either
指“两者中的任意一个”。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。either...or... 或者……或者……
neither
指“两者中没有一个”(全否定)。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。neither...nor... 两者都不……
④both与all
both 表示“两者都”,常与and连用;all指“三者或三者以上都”,常与of连用。如:
Both she and I are students.
Both plans are good.
Jim,Lucy and Lily all agree to stay here.
注意 both;all;either;any;neither;none的区别
不定代词
都
任何
都不
两者
both
either
neither
三者或三者以上
all
any
none
⑤each与every(限定词)
each 和 every 都表示“每一”。each 强调个体,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,当它作同位语时,不影响谓语动词的数;every强调整体情况,修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外,each指两个或两个以上的人或事物,而every指三个或三个以上的人或事物。如:
There are trees on each side of the road.
Every student in Class 5 has passed the exam.
Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.
We each wear a yellow T-shirt.
1.I don't like the style of this T-shirt. Please show me one.
A.either B.neither C.another D.other
2.—Although these were good students, of them had a score above 60.
—I can't believe it!
A.none B.no one C.some D.all
⑥little;a little;few;a few
代替复数名词
代替不可数名词
肯定
a few(一些)
a little(少量)
否定
few(几乎没有)少
little(几乎没有)少
如:Would you please buy some salt for me,Tony?There is little left.
I recognized a few of other people.
⑦other;the other;others;the others;another
不定代词
意义
用法说明
other
另外的
可作定语,常与复数名词连用;但如果前面有
the,some,any,each,every,no,my,your,his等,则可与单数名词连用
the other
两者中的另一个
常与one连用,构成“one...,the other...”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“其余的全部”
others
另一些
泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语,可以构成“some...,others...”结构
the others
其余的
特指其余所有的人或物
another
又一,另一
一般情况下,后面接可数名词单数,但后面可加few或带数字的复数名词
Look at the sign, please. You can park your car on side of the street.
A.both B.other C.either D.all
答案 C 本题考查代词。街道只有两边,故排除D项;both、other后接复数名词,所以A、B两项错误;此空填either,指街道的任何一边都可以停车。故选C。
2.复合不定代词
(1)初中阶段常用的复合不定代词列表如下:
somebody
(某人)
anybody
(任何人)
nobody
(没有人)
everybody
(每个人)
someone
(某人)
anyone
(任何人)
no one
(没有人)
everyone
(每个人)
something
(某事)
anything
(任何事)
nothing
(没有东西)
everything
(每一件事)
Do you have anything special to tell me today?
Listen to me,boys and girls.I have something to tell you.
(2)在反意疑问句中,当句子陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如 everybody,nobody,anyone等时,其反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词 they;当句子陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如 everything,anything,something,nothing等时,其反意疑问部分的主语通常用代词 it。如:
Everybody is here,aren’t they?
Everything is ready,isn’t it?
(3)当形容词或 else修饰复合不定代词 something,everything,everyone 等时,形容词或 else 必须放在这些词的后面。如:
Xiaoming,he has something important to tell you.
Can you find anyone else?
(4)everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;every one 既可指人也可指物,还可以和 of 连用。如:
I’d like everyone to be happy.
I have kept every one of her letters.
1.—Amazing! Tom got the best grade in the test last week.
— is impossible. He studies really hard online this term.
A.Anything B.Nothing C.Everything D.Something
二、指示代词
1.指示代词,表格如下:
单数
this
that
复数
these
those
2.指示代词的用法
(1)this/these
①近指。如:This is my pen. These are my books.
②指下文要提到的事。如:Please remember this:No pain,no gain.
(2)that/those
①远指。如:
That’s her bike.
②指前面刚刚提到过的事。如:He was ill.That was why he didn’t go to school.
(3)打电话时用this介绍自己,that询问对方。
This is Mike speaking. Who’s that speaking?
1.The gravity on Mars is only about three eighths of on the Earth.
A.that B.those C.one D.ones
2.Sam finds sweeping robots useful, and he plans to buy for his grandma.
A.it B.one C.this D.that
三、疑问代词
疑问代词
主要用法
例句
who
作主语、表语、宾语
Who wants to go with me?
whom
who的宾格形式,作宾语
To whom are you talking?
whose
who的所有格形式,作表语、定语
Whose book is this?
what/who
what询问某人的职业
—What’s your father?
—He is a worker.
who询问某人的身份、姓名
—Who is the boy under the tree?
—He is Li Ming.
what/
which
what指“什么”,没有范围的限定
What would you like?
which“哪一个,哪一些”,有范围的限制
Which one do you like best?
一.根据句意,用恰当的疑问代词填空
①— do you usually do at the weekend?
—I often stay at home and help with the housework.
②— is the boy under the tree?
—He is my brother John.
③— do you like better, running or swimming?
—I like swimming better.
④— gloves are these?
—They’re Miss Li’s.
四、it的用法
1.指代前面提到过的事物。如:The book on the desk is not mine.It is Jim’s.
2.代替指示代词this或that。如:—What’s that?—It is a pencil.
3.指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如:Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is.
4.指代时间或季节。如:—What’s the time now?—It’s ten o’clock.
5.指代天气。如:—What’s the weather like today?—It’s sunny.
6.指代距离。如:How far is it from your school to your home?
7.it的常用句型:
(1)It is+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth. 如:It is important for us to work hard.
(2)It’s time to do/for/that... 如:It’s time to get up/for lunch/that we went home.
(3)It seems that...好像…… 如:It seems that you are right.
(4)It’s one’s turn to do...轮到某人做…… 如:It’s your turn to sing.
(5)It’s+adj.+that 从句 如:It’s natural that they should have different views.
8.作形式宾语。如:Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line?
9. it,one,that作代词时的区别
(1)it特指上文提到的同一对象,是同一事物。如:The book is mine.It’s very interesting.
(2)one 泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类而不同物。如:—Who has a pen?—I have one.
(3)that 常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复。如:
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.
一.代词练习
1.I'm sorry I didn't call you. I didn't find ____________ phone number.
A.my B.his C.your D.her
2.My elder sister felt sick because _________ ate too much ice cream yesterday.(2020房山一模)
A.he B.she C.you D.we
3.My brother is a doctor. He loves _________work very much.(2020怀柔一模)
A.her B.his C.my D.your
4.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is an interesting book. I like reading ________.(2020通州一模)
A.it B.him C.her D.them
5. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
二.单句填空
1.—What did you do on vacation, Sally?
—N . I just stayed at home.
2.People showed (they) thanks with smiles and she would always smile back.
3.That's . That's the man I was talking about.
4.It's not my book. It's (her).
5.There isn't a in the classroom. All the students are having a P.E. lesson in the playground.
6. is our duty to make our country better and stronger.
7.My sister is only six, but can already help with some housework.
七.写作背默
单元主题写作
一、主题分析
本单元的话题为“运动”,本单元的书面表达围绕此话题展开。
自教育部提倡初中生每天长跑1,500m后,课间在校园里可以看到很多学生跑步的身影。对于这样的倡议,你在学校里做了一个调查,有些学生觉得好,有些学生觉得不好。请你根据以下思维导图把调查的结果用英语写成一篇短文,并谈谈自己的看法,发表在学校的报刊上。
要求:1.对所给要点,不要简单翻译,要有适当发挥;
2.短文开头已写好,词数不少于80词;
3.自己的观点至少两点;
4.文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。
写作迁移
运动塑造健康,团结凝聚力量。2023年5月10日,你们学校举办了春季运动会。你和班上的许多同学参加了比赛项目,战绩显著。其他同学观看了比赛,并为选手们加油喝彩。请你根据下面四幅图片的提示,写一篇日记,介绍运动会概况及班上同学参加的情况,并抒发自己的活动感受。
要求:
1.文章须包含图片所提供的主要信息,可适当发挥。行文连贯,条理清晰;
2.文章中不能出现真实的姓名和校名;
3.词数80左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。
参考词汇:teamwork团队合作
Saturday,May 11th,2023 Sunny
It was sunny yesterday.Our school held a spring sports meet.There were 4 events for both boys and girls.They were the long jump,the high jump,the 400meter relay race and the 100meter race.
Everyone in our class felt very excited
$$