Unit 4 A Glimpse of the Future Developing ideas 课件-2023-2024学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Developing ideas —Reading comprehension A Boy’s Best Friend Unit 4　A glimpse of the future 新单词短语 * crater /ˈkreɪtə/ * agile /ˈædʒaɪl/ adj. * slope /sləʊp/ v. * hop /hɒp/ n. * squeak /skwiːk/ v. * tendon /ˈtendən/ n. New words! n. （物体坠落、炸弹爆炸等在地上造成的）坑 敏捷的，灵活的 倾斜，成斜坡 跳跃 发出吱吱声 腱 新单词短语 * wavelength /ˈweɪvleŋθ/ n. mechanical /mɪˈkænɪk(ə)l/ adj. * imitation /ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. * mutt /mʌt/ n. * frown /fraʊn/ v. * positronic /ˌpɒzɪˈtrɒnɪk/ adj. tightly /ˈtaɪtli/ adv. desperate /ˈdesp(ə)rət/ adj. New words! 波长 机械的 仿制品 杂种狗 皱眉 正电子的 紧紧地 拼命的，绝望的 One of the “Big Three” science-fiction writers Do you know him? American Isaac Asimov 《基地系列》，《银河帝国三部曲》， 《机器人系列》三大系列被誉为“科幻圣经 ”。 01 艾萨克·阿西莫夫（Isaac Asimov,1920－1992）,美国著名科幻小说家、科普作家、文学评论家,美国科幻小说黄金时代的代表人物之一。 阿西莫夫一生著述近500本，题材涉及自然科学、社会科学和文学艺术等许多领域，与儒勒·凡尔纳、赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯并称为科幻历史上的三巨头，同时还与罗伯特·海因莱因、亚瑟·克拉克并列为科幻小说的三巨头。 其作品中以《基地系列》、《银河帝国三部曲》和《机器人系列》三大系列被誉为“科幻圣经 ”。曾获代表科幻界最高荣誉的雨果奖和星云终身成就大师奖。他提出的“机器人学三定律”被称为“现代机器人学的基石”。 1.Watch the video and answer the question. How does Asimove set out the relationship between humans and robots? LawⅠ: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. LawⅡ: A robot must obey orders given by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law LawⅢ: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law. Three Laws of Robotics Question: How does Asimove set out the relationship between humans and robots? He puts forward the Three Laws of Robotics, which ensure that robots should always obey and protect humans. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Wear spacesuits whenever outside. Breathe from an air supply. Jump high easily. Keep robots as pets. Life on Earth Life on the Moon • Wear ordinary clothes and change according to the seasons. • Breathe the air freely. • Have to make an effort to jump high. • Keep pets, such as dogs, cats, etc. 2.Complete the table to compare life on Earth with life on the Moon. Now read the passage and find out what life on the Moon is like in the novel. Title Author Setting Time： Place： Characters Jimmy a moon-born boy A Boy’s Best Friend Issac Asimov In the future On the moon Jimmy’s father Jimmy’s mother a mechanical dog, Jimmy’s pet Mr Anderson Mrs Anderson Robutt Activity 1　Fast-­reading for main elements Activity 2　Careful-­reading for details Mr Anderson said, “Where’s Jimmy, dear?” “Out on the crater(弧坑),” said Mrs Anderson. “Robutt is with him. Did he arrive?” “Yes. He’s at the rocket station, going through the tests. I haven’t really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.” “Jimmy has never seen one,” said Mrs Anderson. “Because he’s Moon-born and can’t visit Earth. That’s why I’m bringing one here. I think it’s the first one ever on the Moon.” 1. Why did Mrs Anderson bring something(one) here?(Underline the sentences) 2. How long had the family lived on the Moon? Deep thinking: What does “he” refer to in the above sentence? A. Jimmy. B. Robutt. C. A real dog. D. Mr Anderso May be we can find the answer in the following paragraphs. Read Paras. 1-3 and do the following exercises. Jimmy was out on the crater, as his mother had said. His arms and legs were long and agile(敏捷的). He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could. The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop(跳跃) that made the gravity seem nonexistent. .(Para. 4) 1.What made the entire crater-slope bright?(Underline the sentences) 2. What can we know from paragraph 4? A. Jimmy was thicker and stubbier than Earth-born human beings. B. Jimmy adapted to the gravity on the Moon well. C. The spacesuit was too light, and the gravity was nonexistent. D. The entire crater was brightly lit by the nearly full Earth. √ Read Paras. 4-6 and do the following exercises. stubby：矮胖 名词动化 slope：n 斜坡；坡地 v 向……倾斜 “Come on, Robutt,” he shouted. Robutt, who could hear him by radio, squeaked (发出吱吱声) and bounded after. Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons(腱) of steel. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.(Paras. 5-6) 3.How did Robutt show his love to Jimmy?(Underline the sentences) 4.What does the above sentence mean in Para. 6? A. Robutt was helpful to Jimmy. B. Jimmy was afraid to make a mistake while Robutt was present. C. Jimmy got on well with Robutt. D. Jimmy couldn’t adapt to the Moon environment. √ 名词形容词化 expert：n 专家 trip：把(某人)绊倒 He heard his father’s voice on his private wavelength. “Jimmy, come back. I have something to tell you.” Mr Anderson was smiling. “We have something for you, Jimmy. It’s at the rocket station now, but we’ll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.” “From Earth, Dad?” “A dog from Earth, son. The first dog on the Moon. You won’t need Robutt any more. We can’t keep them both, and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said, “You know what a dog is, Jimmy. It’s the real thing. Robutt’s only a mechanical imitation, a robot-mutt(狗). That’s how he got his name.” (Paras. 7-10) “Robutt is with him. Did he arrive?” “Yes. He’s at the rocket station, going through the tests. 1.What does “he”refer to in Para. 1 according to this part? A. Jimmy. B. Robutt. C. A real dog. D. Mr Anderson. √ 2.How did Robutt get his name? Underline the sentences Read Paras. 7-19 and do the following exercises. Jimmy frowned. “Robutt isn’t an imitation, Dad.” “Robutt’s just steel and wiring and a simple positronic (正电子的) brain.” “He does everything I want him to do, Dad. He understands me.” “No, son. Robutt is just a machine. It’s just programmed to act the way it does. A dog is alive. You’ll see the difference once he gets here.” Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed frightened. Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound. Jimmy said, “What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog?” “It’s hard to explain,” said Mr Anderson, “but it will be easy to see. The dog will really love you. Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you.” “But, Dad, we don’t know what’s inside the dog, or what his feelings are. Maybe it’s just acting, too.” Mr Anderson frowned. “Jimmy, you’ll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing.” (Paras. 11-19) Pay attention to the sentences 3. What can we learn from this part? A. Robutt was a real dog. B. Robutt was a toy which is a mechanical imitation. C. Jimmy didn’t like Robutt at all. D. Every child on the Moon had a Robutt. 4. Why can Robutt do everything? A. It has the wish to please Jimmy. B. It has been programmed and adjusted. C. It can imitate everything. D. It is almost the same as a real dog. √ √ 5. What are the similarities and differences between Robutt and a real dog? Possible answers. Similarities Differences Robutt & A real dog 1. They have different appearances. 2. A real dog is a living creature, while Robutt is a machine. 3. A real dog loves human beings as a result of its nature, while Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves human beings. 1. They both are able to respond to orders given by human beings. 2. They can both guide and protect human beings. Jimmy held Robutt tightly. He was frowning, too, and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. He said, “But what’s the difference how they act? How about how I feel? I love Robutt and that’s what counts.” And the little robot-mutt, which had never been held so tightly in all its existence, squeaked high and rapid squeaks – happy squeaks.(Paras. 20-21) (Adaptation of excerpts from “A Boy’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimov) 1. What does the word “desperate” in Para. 20 mean? A. Wanting something very much. B. Willing to do anything, not caring about danger. C. Bad or serious. D. Curious about something. √ count: v. to be important 2. What can we conclude from the last sentence? A. Robutt was concerned that he would say goodbye to Jimmy. B. Robutt was glad because Jimmy would have a new friend. C. Robutt was sighing over his unfortunate fate. D. Robutt understood Jimmy’s mind that he wouldn’t leave him. √ Read Paras. 20-21 and do the following exercises. 1. Where may the passage come from? A. A science report. B. A sci-fi novel. C. A travel journey. D. A magazine. √ Read the whole passage again and do the following exercises. 2. What does Jimmy think of Robutt? A. Robutt was helpful and significant. B. Robutt was easy to understand. C. Robutt was much too clever. D. Robutt looked desperate. √ Plot Jimmy’s parents get _______ from Earth. They want to give it to Jimmy as______. But… Jimmy already has a robot pet named Robutt. His parents think it would be good for Jimmy to________________, and that he would like it. They want to send Robutt to another family. To his parents’ surprise, Jimmy _________ accept the real dog, because he loves Robutt and he believes Robutt loves him too. For Jimmy, Robutt is not just________________, but_____________. Different attitudes towards Robutt Parents: Jimmy: They think Robutt is a mechanical imitation of a real dog. He loves Robutt and treats him like a real dog. a dog a pet have a real dog refuses to a mechanical dog a real friend Complete the summary of the story. Jimmy, whose arms and legs were long and agile, was Moon-born. He could handle the lunar gravity 1._____ no Earth-born human being could. However, he couldn’t visit Earth, so his father, 2._____ had left Earth 15 years ago, brought 3._______ real dog for him, though he had a mechanical dog, Robutt. Jimmy’s father 4._________ (explain) to him what a real dog was and would have some other boy or girl keep Robutt. Jimmy frowned. He said that Robutt understood 5._____(he)．His father continued to talk about the 6.___________ (differ) between Robutt and the dog, 7._________ (say) that the dog would really love him while Robutt was just adjusted 8.______(act) as though it loved him. Jim held Robutt 9._______(tight) and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. He said, “I love Robutt and that’s what 10.______(count)．” as who a explained Activity 2　Summary him differences saying to act tightly counts Review 课时重点回顾 1.经历，仔细检查 2.阻止某人做某事 3.出问题 4.似乎要做某事 5.看起来很害怕 6.伸出胳膊　 7.调整以适应 8.好像 9.紧紧抱住某人/某物 10.改变某人想法　　 11.某事对某人重要 go through keep...from doing go wrong seem to do sth seem frightened hold out one's arms adjust to as though hold sb/sth tightly change one's mind sth counts to sb 1. What do you know about Isaac Asimov? 2. Can you retell the story between Jimmy and Robutt? Can you understand their feelings towards each other? 3. Can you understand foreshadowing and find clues in a story? 4. Can you give a talk on whether it is possible to have a real friendship with a robot? 各个击破 1. Search the Internet to know more about science fiction written by Isaac Asimov. 2.Write an article on whether it is possible to have a real friendship with a robot. Homework Sentences Analysis 1.He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-­born human being could. [句式分析]　该句是but连接的_____句；with his spacesuit on为with的复合结构作_________，as引导___________从句。 [自主翻译] 并列 伴随状语 穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能 比较状语 承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。 2. The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. [句式分析]　此句是and连接的_________句，第二个分句中which 引导_____________从句，先行词为___________，so that 引导___________从句。 [自主翻译] 并列 结果状语 环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现 the Earth 非限制性定语 出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。 3. Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel. [句式分析]　此句是_________句，expert though he was 是让步状语从句的______结构，相当于though he was an expert；who 引导____________从句，对Robutt 进行补充说明。 [自主翻译] 主从复合 非限制性定语 倒装 论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为 它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。 4. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was. [句式分析]　此句是_________句，while引导的是__________从句，tripping，jumping，circling，squeaking 是现在分词短语作________；when 引导的是________从句， where he was为___________。 [自主翻译] 主从复合 伴随状语 时间状语 只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近 时间状语 宾语从句 一块岩石时，它会扑倒他；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后面时，罗布特就原地打转、低吼、战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。 5. Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed frightened. [句式分析]　此句是_________句。主语和谓语为______________；who引导的是______________从句，对Robutt进行补充说明；that引导的是______从句，修饰squeak；a very low，slow squeak是_________。 [自主翻译] 主从复合 Jimmy looked at 非限制性定语 同位语 吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢， 定语 好像受到了惊吓。 6. I love Robutt and that’s what counts. [句式分析]　该句是and连接的______句；what counts引导的为_____从句，count意为“____________”。 [自主翻译] 并列 表语 重要的是 我爱罗布特，我觉得这是最重要的。” About Isaac Asimov 艾萨克·阿西莫夫（Isaac Asimov，1920－1992），美国著名科幻小说家、科普作家、文学评论家，美国科幻小说黄金时代的代表人物之一。 阿西莫夫一生著述题材涉及自然科学、社会科学和文学艺术等许多领域。 其作品《基地系列》、《银河帝国三部曲》和《机器人系列》三大系列被誉为“科幻圣经 ”。曾获代表科幻界最高荣誉的雨果奖和星云终身成就大师奖. Lavf58.29.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 Lavf58.29.100 $$