寒假复习专题01 形容词、副词 写作指导（家乡的变化）2024-2025学年外研版英语八年级上册

2025年八上寒假——八上要点复习+形容词、副词语法复习 一．考点拓展 考点1 possible的用法 Let's try to speak English as much as possible. 我们尽可能多说英语吧。 1.Have you ever thought about seeing the world for free? Although it may sound ____________（possible）, there's a growing community that is making that dream one step closer. 2．我们应该尽可能多地读书。（as...as） ________________________________________________________________________________ 1．impossible 2．We are supposed to/should/ought to read books as much as possible. 考点2 agree的用法 Excellent! I agree with you. 好极了！我赞同你的意见。 1.In China, “nodding” means ____________（agree）. But in Bulgaria, it means the opposite. 2.我想知道你是否同意我的观点。（whether...or not） 1.agreement 2.I wonder whether you agree with me or not. 考点3 look up的用法 I agree it is a good idea to look up new words in the dictionary. 我同意在词典里查阅新单词是个好主意。 1.—Do you know Yao Ming? —Yes. Many young people ______ him, who has won many prizes of basketball. A．look down on B．look forward to C．look up to D．look out for 2.你可以在词典上查阅这个单词。（look up） ________________________________________________________ 1. C2.You can look up the word in the dictionary 考点4 loud、 loudly与aloud的辨析 They cheer us on loudly and we feel more confident to win the game. 他们大声为我们加油，我们更有信心赢得比赛了。 loud 形容词或副词，意为“大声的（地）” loudly 副词，意为“大声地”，在speak、 talk、 say、 laugh等与“发声”有关的动词后，强调“声音大”，有时含有“吵到别人”的意味 aloud 副词，意为“出声地；大声地”，强调“发出声音”，而非“声音很大” 1.不要大声说话。在公共场合压低声音是礼貌的。（keep...down） ________________________________________________________________________________ 2.When I finished, I heard ______ cheers. A．quieter B．louder C．quicker D．wider 1.Don't speak loudly. It's polite to keep your voice down in public.2.B 考点5 关于“建议”的辨析 I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room. 我建议你每天在纸上写四到五个单词，并把它们放在你的房间里。 1.Some scientists have suggested a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels ______ in oceans. A．set B．sets C．to set D．be set 2.You are alone now. I'm not there to help you or give you any kind of ________（advise）. 1.D2.advice 考点6 mind的用法 Never mind. 不要紧。 1.I used to have little passion（激情） in my life. But what happened the other day changed my ______. A．knowledge B．mind C．decision D．difference 2.我的爸爸已经下定决心要减肥。（lose weight） ____________________________________________________________ 1.B 2.My father has made up his mind to lose weight. 一．用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.My teacher advises me ________（read） more famous books. 2.More and more hometowns are developing ________（fast） than before. 3.If I don't talk ________（loud）,my old grandpa can't hear me. 4.Look! It's going to rain. Don't forget ________（take） an umbrella. 5.Morning after morning, he practiced __________（flap） his wings, and they were getting stronger and stronger. 6.From pocket parks to forest parks, local governments have been making efforts to make China's cities much ________（green）. 1.to read2.faster3.loudly4.to take5.flapping6.greener 二、翻译句子。 1．每日练习英语很重要。（It's+adj.+to do...） ____________________________________________________________ 2．我找不到我的雨伞了，肯定有人错拿了它。（by mistake） ________________________________________________________________________________ 3．请尽快回答我的问题。（as...as） ____________________________________________________________ 4．你介意我在办公室吃东西吗？（mind） ____________________________________________________ 5．中国的人口比日本多。（population） ______________________________________________________________________ 6．保护森林免于火灾是我们的责任。（against） __________________________________________________________________ 7．中国以长城而著名。（be famous for） ______________________________________________ 8．你将有另外一次机会。（another）____________________________________ 9．如果你比之前更努力，你会有机会实现你的梦想。（come true） _____________________________________________________________________ 1．It's important to practice English every day. 2．I can't find my umbrella. Someone must have taken it by mistake. 3．Please answer my question as soon as possible. 4．Would you mind me eating in the office? 5．The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 6．It's our duty to protect the forest against fires. 7．China is famous for the Great Wall. 8．You'll have another chance. 9．If you work harder than before, you will have a chance to make your dream come true. 二．语法考点 形容词和副词 考点一 形容词与副词的构成 形容词与副词的构成 1.形容词的主要构成形式 (1)“名词+-ful”,如:care-careful、 help-helpful等; (2)“名词+-y”,如:cloud-cloudy、 rain-rainy、 wind-windy、 sun-sunny等; (3)“动词+-ing”,如:interest-interesting、 surprise-surprising、 excite-exciting等; (4)“动词+-ed”,如:interest-interested、 surprise-surprised、 please-pleased等; (5)“名词+-ly”,如:friend-friendly、 day-daily(每日的)等; (6)“形容词+-ly”,如:lone(单独的)-lonely(孤独的;荒凉的)、 dead-deadly等; (7)“名词+-n/-ian”,如:America-American、Russia-Russian等; (8)“名词+-al”,如:nation-national、 person-personal等; (9)特殊结构,如:wool-woolen、 heat-hot、 die-dead、 China-Chinese、 Japan-Japanese等。 2.副词的主要构成形式 (1)在“形容词后加-ly”构成,如:usual-usually, wide-widely, real-really等;而以-y结尾的形容词变y为i再加-ly,如:happy-happily, heavy-heavily等。 (2)以“-ful结尾的形容词后加ly”构成,如:careful-carefully, beautiful-beautifully等; (3)“名词+-ly”,如:part(部分)-partly(部分地)等; 易混易错 ①friendly、 lonely、 lively、 lovely、deadly、 likely等以-ly 结尾的词是形容词,而不是副词。 ②有些词的词尾有无-ly,词义是截然不同的。 如:hard(努力地;硬的)/hardly(几乎不),late(迟)/lately(近来),near(附近)/nearly(几乎),most(最)/mostly(大部分)等。 ③另外,常见的副词与形容词同形的有hard、 late、 fast、 high、 early、 little等。 考点二 常见的易混形容词辨析 1.含-ed形式和-ing形式的形容词是有区别的。 形容词的-ed形式意为“感到……的”,往往用来修饰人,主语往往是人; 形容词的-ing形式,意为“令人……的”,往往用来修饰物,主语往往是物。 例如:interesting(有趣的)/ interested(感兴趣的)、 relaxing(令人放松的)/relaxed(放松的)、 surprising(令人吃惊的)/surprised(感到吃惊的)、 exciting(使人激动的)/excited(激动的)、 moving(令人感动的)/ moved(感动的)、 frightening(令人恐惧的)/frightened(感到害怕的)等。 2. 注重常考形容词的归类 (1)描述外貌特征:fat、 thin、 slim、 tall、 short、 strong、 weak、 good-looking、 beautiful、 pretty、 overweight (超重的)等。 (2)描写性格品质:shy、 lazy、 kind、 friendly、 helpful、 outgoing、 brave、 active、 patient、 smart、 strict、 honest、 energetic等。 (3)描写人的情感、状态:angry、 sad、 busy、 sorry、 excited、 tired、 happy、 thirsty、 worried、 hungry、 proud等。 考点三 常见的易混副词 1.常见副词的种类 时间副词 ago、 before、 already、 just、 now、 early、 late、 finally、 tomorrow、 once、 soon 地点副词 here、 there、 near、 around、 in、 out、 up、 down、 back、 away、 outside、 somewhere 方式副词 carefully、 angrily、 badly、 calmly、 loudly、 quickly、 politely、 nervously 程度副词 very、 much、 greatly、 a bit、 a little、 so、 almost、 nearly、 also、 even、 just、 well 频度副词 always、 often、 usually、 sometimes、 never、 seldom 疑问副词 where、 when、 why、 how 关系副词 when、 where、 why 2.频度副词的辨析 (1)频度副词的频率 always总是 >usually 通常>often 常常>sometimes有时>seldom很少>never从不 (2)频度副词在句中的位置 频度副词在句子中的位置有着共同的特点:一般放在系动词be、助动词、情态动词之后,或行为动词之前,即“行之前,系助后”。例如: He always comes to school on time. He's never late. 他总是按时到校,从不迟到。 考点四 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成 1.规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-er, -est fast/faster/fastest, new/newer/newest 以字母e结尾的词,在词尾加-r, -st late/later/latest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再加-er, -est easy/easier/easiest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-est big/bigger/biggest, thin/thinner/thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most beautiful/more beautiful/most beautiful 小贴士: 比较等级要变化,词尾一般加er(est);词尾若有哑音e,直接加-r(st)就可以; 一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写;辅音字母加个y,要把y来变为i。 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 little less least far farther (further) farthest (furthest) many (much) more most good (well) better best bad (badly) / ill worse worst old older (elder) oldest (eldest) 考点五 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 1.形容词和副词的原级的用法 (1)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙……”。 (2)“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲不如乙……”。例如: This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。 He doesn't walk as/so slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。 2.形容词和副词的比较级的用法 (1)比较级前可用much, a little, a lot等修饰,表示程度,意为“大得多、高得多”等含义。 (2)根据a bit, even, still, far 等修饰比较级的特征词来判定。 (3)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围内的其他任何一个人(物)都……”。 (4)“甲+实义动词+副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围内的其他任何一个人(物)都……”。 (5)在“Who/Which...+be/实义动词+形容词/副词比较级..., A or B?”中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词或副词要用比较级形式。 (6)“the+形容词/副词比较级...,the+形容词/副词比较级...”,表示“越……,越……”,强调程度。 (7)“形容词/副词比较级+and+同一个形容词或副词的比较级”或“more and more+形容词/副词原级”,表示“越来越……”。 (8)“甲+be动词+the +形容词/副词比较级+of (the two)...”结构表示“甲是两个……中较……的”。在“...of (the two)...”结构中,形容词常用比较级,且此比较级前要加定冠词the,是特指,表示“两者中的另一个较……”。例如: She drives still more carefully than her son. 她开车仍然比她儿子更认真。 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国,长江比其他任何河流都长。 Li Ping gets to school earlier than any other student in his class. 李平到校比他班上其他的学生都早。 The higher you stand, the farther you'll see. 你站得越高,就看得越远。 It's getting warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。 Mary is the taller of the two girls. Mary是两个女孩中较高的那个。 3.形容词和副词的最高级的用法 (1)“主语+谓语动词+the+形容词(副词)最高级+of/ in短语”,表示“……是……中最……的”。of/in短语来说明比较的范围。 (2)“one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词”句式表示“最……的……之一”。 (3)“Who / Which...+be/实义动词+形容词或副词最高级,A,B or C?”句式,表示“在三者或三者以上中哪一个最……”。例如: Zhang Ping is the youngest in his class/of all the students. 张平在他班上(所有学生当中)年龄最小。 It is one of the largest cities in the world. 它是世界上最大的城市之一。 Who is the shortest, Tom, Jim or Sam? Tom、Jim和Sam三个人中,谁的个子最矮? 一.单项选择。 1.—Are you afraid of dogs? —Yes. I’m ______________ of them. A. surprised B. terrified C. embarrassed D. excited 2. It’s dangerous ______ with the wild animal. A. for us to play B. of us playing C. for us playing D. of us to play 3.－Let’s go shopping at the new mall. －Why not shop online? It’s . A. expensive B. more expensive C. less expensive D. the most expensive 4. If there is ______ pollution, the air in our city will be dirtier. A．less; more B．more; much C．less; less D．more; more 5. — Yummy! The coffee is good. —That’s right. It will taste _______ with some milk. A. well B. better C. best D. the best 6. —Peter has good grades in all his subjects, but he never shows off. — I agree. He is very ________. A. easy-going B. imaginative C. modest D. generous 7. Don’t just believe the advertisement. That medicine is ______ it says. A. as good as B. not as good as C. as well as D. not as well as 8. — Did you have a wonderful time at the party? —Yes, it’s ______ one I’ve ever been to before. A. a more excited B. a more exciting C. the most excited D. the most exciting 9. Taking buses in Beijing is _____ than taking a taxi. A. more cheap B. much cheaper C. a little cheap D. cheaper 10. Look! Linyi is _____ now than it used to be. A. quite beautiful B. the most beautiful C. very beautiful D. much more beautiful 11. — I’m going to a job interview. I feel a little _______. — Take it easy. Listening to music can help you relax. A. comfortable B. nervous C. excited D. shy 12. I don’t feel very _______ today. A. good　 B. well　 C. nice　 D. fine 13. I think English is as _______ as math. A. important　 B. more important　 C. most important　 D. importanter 14. John Smith is _______ of the two young men. A. strong　 B. stronger　 C. the stronger　 D. the strongest 15. The Changjiang River is one of the _______ in China. A. longer river　 B. longest river　 C. longest rivers　 D. long rivers 16. The third cake is _______ of all, but it’s too dear. A. delicious　 B. most delicious　 C. more delicious　 D. the most delicious 17. I draw _______ and my handwriting is _______. A. good; good　 B. good; well　 C. well; good　 D. well; well 18. There is ______ meat in this bowl, but I would like a bowl with ______ vegetables. A. more; more　 B. less; less　 C. few; little　 D. many; much 19. Of the four seasons, the _______time to come to Beijing is autumn. A. good　 B. well　 C. better　 D. best 20. We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so       . A. well        B. nice    C. wonderfully     D. nicely 1. B2. A3.C4. B5. B6. C7. B8. D9. B10. D11. B12.B13. A14.C15. C16. D17. C18. A19. D20. B 二．用所给词的适当形式填空 1.　 　(lucky), the accident was not serious!  2.The nurse is very 　 　(friend) to these patients.  3.The weather report says it will be 　 　(cloud) tomorrow.  4.My sister looked 　 　(happy) because I broke her favorite cup.  5.We hope your baby grows 　 　(healthy) and 　 　 (happy).  6.Watch 　 　(careful), and you will find the differences between the two pictures.  7.Of the two shirts, I think the blue one is much 　 　(beautiful).  8.In China, red is the 　 　(popular) color, especially during some festivals.  9.Who is the 　 　(good) basketball player in your class?  10.Of the winters in recent years, it is said that last winter was the 　 　(cold) one.  11.What a　 　(sun) day it is! Let's go camping.   12.He was just falling 　 　(sleep) when there was a loud knock at the door.  13.The house next to the street is very 　 　(noise).We don't want to live there.  14.His grandfather has been　 　(die) for five years.   15.Don't play soccer in the street.It's　 　 (danger).  16.He put on his coat and went out　 　(quick).  17.Be careful, or you won't work out the physics problem　 　(successful).  18.I am 　 　 (real) in love with this movie.  19.It was a silent night.The moon shone 　 　(bright) through the window.  20.Oh, no! The road is 　 　 (most) covered with snow.Let's not drive today.  【参考答案】1.Luckily　2.friendly　3.cloudy　4.unhappy　5.healthily happily　6.carefully　7.more beautiful 　8.most popular9.best　10.coldest 　11.sunny　12.asleep　13.noisy　14.dead　15.dangerous　16.quickly　17.successfully　18.really　19.brightly　20.mostly 三．阅读拓展 一 Picture this: The weather is becoming so cool. People are 1 their sweaters or coats instead of summer clothes. But for some people, the changing of the seasons is less enjoyable because it can lead to a(n) 2 drop in energy. Furthermore, many people may wonder why they get more tired in 3 . As Dr. Michael Howell, a sleep expert, says, “The sunlight in the morning helps us 4 , and it also helps keep us awake all day long.” As autumn comes, the days are getting shorter, we’ll probably feel sleepy, weak and so on. Besides, people prefer to eat more comfort food in cold weather. But according to scientific research, these food can 5 people feel sleepy and less energetic. For more energy, we should try to eat fruit and vegetables whenever possible. For some people, one of the best parts in autumn is that they can finally 6 outdoor activities. They can say things like “It looks like it’s about to rain. I guess I’ll have to stay at home and drink hot tea!” But this drop in activity could make them feel much 7 . “Physical activity is helpful for quick thinking,” says Dr. Howell. Changes in sleep can also influence 8 people feel during the day. For some, they might sleep longer, but for others, they might sleep shorter. 9 , the effects on their energy levels are almost the same. Like the 10 of the year, experts advise sleeping for about eight hours a night, and waking up at the same time every day. They think it is a good way to avoid interfering with (干扰) people’s body clocks. 1．A．dressing B．changing C．wearing D．leaving 2．A．cheerful B．lucky C．exciting D．sudden 3．A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 4．A．wake up B．put up C．turn up D．tidy up 5．A．help B．make C．cause D．advise 6．A．keep B．stop C．lose D．plan 7．A．happier B．colder C．weaker D．healthier 8．A．how B．why C．when D．where 9．A．Instead B．Moreover C．However D．Otherwise 10．A．part B．rest C．form D．Season 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 三 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空使短文完整。 During the summer vacation, I took a trip to Guangzhou with my parents. Guangzhou is a famous city. I was so excited because it was the first time for me 1 (visit) Guangzhou. We really enjoyed 2 (we) there. We spent three days there in total. First of all, we went to Canton Tower. It is the 3 (high) TV tower in Guangzhou. From the top of the tower, we could see the Pearl River. Cantonese cuisine is famous all over the world because it’s 4 (colour) and delicious. We had a delicious morning tea at Guangzhou Restaurant. The next day, we visited many 5 (shop) centres. Some goods are very cheap. We bought many clothes and shoes 6 (with) spending too much money. On the 7 (three) day, we went to visit Baiyun Mountain. It is a famous place of interest. There are many trees and flowers on the hills. It was a wonderful trip. No one felt 8 (boring) during the three days in Guangzhou. 9 (luck), it helped me learn more about its culture and history. Traveling to Guangzhou can really bring us 10 (happy). I hope I can visit it again some day. 【答案】1．to visit 2．ourselves 3．highest 4．colourful 5．shopping 6．without 7．third 8．bored 9．Luckily 10．happiness 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$