Unit 1 Past and present单元测试-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（牛津译林版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 1 Past and present单元测试 （时间：100分钟，满分：100分） 第一部分 选择题 一、单项选择(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) 1．________ great time it is to walk at the beach! A．What a B．What C．How a D．How 2．Mike Smith has been in China for fifteen years and he _________ a lot of Chinese friends. A．makes B．made C．has made D．will make 3．________ exercise every day makes us _________. A．Doing；health B．Doing；healthy C．Do；health D．Do；healthy 4．Of the three foreigners, one is from London, ________ two are from New York. A．other B．the other C．another D．some other 5．They ________ in 2008 and they have had a happy family ________ 2008. A．were married; since B．got married; in C．married; from D．got married; since 6．When the woman had free time, she _________ shopping on Sundays. A．used to going B．get used to going C．was used to going D．was used to go 7．—When will Diana arrive? —Oh, she . She is in the meeting room now. A．arrives B．is arriving C．arrived D．has arrived 8．—I have just got an A in English. —_________. A． You’ve done a good job B．It can’t be worse C．It’s too good to be wrong D．You’re welcome 9．—I have seen the fashion show on TV with my cousin at home. —When _________ you _________ it? A．will; see B．have; seen C．did; see D．do; see 10．— _________ is it from your home to our school? — About half an hour’s walk. A．How long B．How often C．How much D．How far 11．It _________ five years since we last _________ each other. A．is; has seen B．is; saw C．was; saw D．has been; have seen 12．— _________ have you studied in this middle school? — Since two years _________. A．How long; before B．How much time; before C．How soon; ago D．How long; ago 13．The new flat _________ Mr and Mrs Chen much money. A．spent B．cost C．bought D．paid 14．It is a good way to spend as much time as you can ________ English every day. A．to read B．read C．reading D．reads 15．--- Have you got any information about your missing dog? --- _________. We are still looking for it. A．Not yet B．I hope not C．I think so D．Of course 二、完型填空(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) 先通读全文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 Have you heard of the Harry Potter books? They’re a series of novels by J. K. Rowling, a very famous British 16 . Rowling was born in England 17 31 July, 1965. As a child, she often 18 stories and read them to her sister. In 1990, while she was on a train 19 to London, the idea for the first Harry Potter story came to her. In 1995, Rowling finished the first Harry Potter book, 20 in 2007 she finished the seventh book of the series. That’s the last one of the Harry Potter series. The first Harry Potter book wasn’t 21 in the beginning. When Rowling wanted to publish the story, all the publishing houses in the country 22 it. That was a 23 time for her. But a year 24 , a small publishing house in London was willing 25 it. The Harry Potter series 26 a great success so far. The books have been translated into about 70 languages, with sales of over 450 27 copies, in over 200 countries and areas all over the world. What can we learn from Rowling’s story? Nothing is difficult if we try 28 best. Never give up too 29 no matter how many times we fail. Just keep trying 30 we make it. 16．A．doctor B．artist C．writer D．dancer 17．A．on B．in C．at D．with 18．A．writes B．wrote C．told D．tells 19．A．vacation B．travelling C．holiday D．trip 20．A．or B．but C．and D．as 21．A．success B．successful C．succeed D．successfully 22．A．refused B．loved C．wanted D．enjoyed 23．A．easy B．happy C．pleasant D．difficult 24．A．early B．earlier C．late D．later 25．A．accept B．accepts C．to accept D．accepting 26．A．is B．was C．has been D．will be 27．A．million B．millions C．million of D．millions of 28．A．your B．us C．our D．ourselves 29．A．easy B．easily C．easier D．more easily 30．A．if B．so C．until D．for 三、阅读单选(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分) A Lara There won’t be much land, so there will be big cities underwater, and we will travel in submarines (潜艇). I want to live in an underwater house with glass walls. I will see fish swimming around! Bob There will be many parks and enough green space because people will take the environment more seriously. People will live a happy and healthy life. Maybe people will have a much healthier diet and enjoy fresh food every day. Jenny I think computers will be very small in the future. We will put them in our clothes and use our voices to control them. We’ll meet our teachers and friends in a cool virtual (虚拟的) place to learn about the world. Jim I think the earth will become a cleaner place in the future because we will drive cars with the energy (能源) from the sun. What’s more, perhaps cars will be very fast, and some cars can even fly in the air. 31．Who thinks we will use our voices to control computers? A．Lara. B．Bob. C．Jenny. D．Jim. 32．Jim believes the earth will become cleaner because people will ________. A．only eat healthy food B．use energy from the sun C．live under the water D．put computers in the clothes 33．The four kids are talking about ________. A．what the world will be like B．how fast cars will fly C．where people will get fresh food D．how much land there will be B Recently, a Douyin influencer (网红) named “Xiao Zhang the worker” has got popular because of her “How-to” videos. In the videos, she teaches the simplest life skills, such as how to see a concert and how to take the subway. She has quickly won over 2 million followers on Douyin. In some way, the rising popularity of “How-to” videos shows that young people’s search habits have changed. More and more people turn to social media (媒体) like Douyin and Bilibili for information. Li Zhouzi, a 14-year-old from Shanxi, likes to search on Bilibili. She says that by doing this, she gets information more quickly and easily. For example, when using traditional search engines (搜索引擎) for something about math, she will always lose her way because of too much difficult information. Instead, videos by creators on Bilibili can offer clearer explanations than those she can find in other ways. Being able to communicate with real people can also give searchers a strong feeling of trust. Hu Tian is a 13-year-old girl from Sichuan. She likes searching for how to cook on Xiaohongshu. She can see photos and words by people who also like it. “I trust them more than the information I get on search engines,” she said to Teens. Like Hu, many young people search for more relaxing topics on social media. They leave the more serious topics to traditional search engines. Zhou Yaokai, a Junior 3 student from Chongqing is one of them. He turns to social media for preparations for trips, while Baidu for government news reports. 34．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a story. C．By comparing two facts. D．By listing numbers. 35．What can we learn from the experience of Xiao Zhang? A．Xiao Zhang makes Douyin get more and more popular. B．People used to know nothing about living skills. C．People’s searching habits don’t always stay the same. D．A lot of people are interested in making “How-to” videos. 36．What can you infer (推断) from the passage? A．Xiao Zhang now has more than 2 millions on Douyin. B．People never talk about heavier topics on Douyin or Bilibili. C．Hu Tian thinks people trust real people more than unknown ones online. D．Video-teaching is an easier way to understand difficult explanations online. 37．What’s the best title for this passage? A．Different Kinds of Searching Engines B．“How-to” Videos C．A New Way to Search for information D．Douyin Changes Your Life C One day, three of my friends came to our house. They told me they wanted to go to Africa. They asked me if I wanted to go with them. I said, “Yes, I want to go with you.” We started to prepare all the necessary things for the journey. Soon we were ready to go. I said goodbye to my wife and we started our journey. Our plan was to be back in two months. We left Brazil on the first of September, 1655. Our ship was very big but we were only seventeen men. The ship was full of things for business. We had cups, glass, mirrors, knives and other products. At the beginning of our journey the weather was very good, but very hot. In one week, a hurricane (飓风) came and it was threatening our ship for the next twelve days. After the hurricane passed, we saw we went quite far from our original (原来的) journey and were instead close to the northern part of Brazil near the Orinoco River. The ship was badly damaged, so we could no longer go to Africa. The captain wanted us to go back and repair the ship, but I strongly disagreed with him. We went over the maps and decided the best thing to do was to go to Barbados and repair the ship there. When we started this short trip, a second hurricane came. The next morning one of the sailors cried out, “Land?” and at that moment the ship stopped in shallow (浅的) water. We expected the ship to break apart at any moment because of the strong wind, so we all got into the small boat the ship carried. This was very dangerous because the seventeen of us were crowded in the boat, and it had no sail. The waves were very big. The wind was extremely strong. The wind pushed us to big rocks. We knew the crash was close. Suddenly, a huge wave appeared and overturned the boat. I was covered with water and couldn’t breathe. I couldn’t see the others or the boat. But I saw a little beach between the rocks. Another wave carried me to the beach. I tried to get up. I tried to go further the sea. I was able to move ten metres up. I was safe. But my arms and legs were very weak. I fell down and I was lying on the beach. 38．Why did the writer and his friends go to Africa? A．To leave their wives. B．To make some money. C．To send things to Africa. D．To travel around Africa. 39．What did they do after the first hurricane passed? A．They had to go back to the place where they started. B．They studied the map and found a new way to Africa. C．They headed for the nearest place to repair their ship. D．They lost their way on the sea and gave up their ship. 40．Which of the following shows the right order of the event? ①The ship changed the direction after the hurricane. ②All the men escaped to the boat but it turned over. ③The writer was washed up on the beach by a wave. ④The ship left Brazil with seventeen men on board. ⑤The strong wind almost broke the ship into pieces. A．④⑤①②③ B．④①②⑤③ C．④①⑤②③ D．④②①⑤③ 41．Which is NOT the reason for the boat becoming dangerous? A．Shallow water. B．No sail. C．Crowded men. D．Big waves. D Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species. Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt, progress and raise itself above and beyond other species. Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language. 42．What is Paragraph 2 mainly intended to tell readers? A．Nature teaches humans how to adapt to rules. B．Humans are supposed to be well organized. C．Culture pushes the human species to progress. D．Culture is part of the development of human nature. 43．Why does the writer take “hunting” for example? A．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment. B．To underline the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life. C．To suggest some possible ways of changing humans’ living habits. D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons. 44．According to the last paragraph, we know culture ________. A．should be valued B．can be developed C．should be respected D．can be spread 45．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship? A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced. B．Nature and culture are different but connected. C．Culture depends much on nature to progress. D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture. 第二部分 非选择题 四、词汇应用(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 46．I will have an (采访) with the superstar this weekend. 47．We (意识到) the importance of protecting the environment years ago. 48．I have never read such an interesting story (以前). 49．Many (工厂) decide to cut costs to stay alive. 50．—Now industrial (废料) has been one of the most serious problems. —We should do something. 51．My brother (know) him since he was a child. 52．Tianshui malatang in Gansu Province has become popular (recent). 53．The (wife) of these men came to see their husbands from their hometown. 54．Tell me what you (real) think about it. 55．It won’t take a long time (find) any place in the world with the help of online maps. 五、完成句子(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 56．这些年来, 那个城市发生了很大的变化。 in that city. 57．李明去年出国了。我们主要通过电子邮件互相交流。 Li Ming last year. We mainly . 58．让我们采取行动来保护环境吧！ Let’s ! 59．乘地铁去市中心又快又简单。 It’s . 60．我之前从没看过这么令人兴奋的电影。 I such an exciting film . 六、短文首字母填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Many of you have probably had this experience: You get on a train and are ready to take a rest or read a book, only to find that the passenger in front of you is watching a TV show on his tablet w 61 headphones (耳机). The child next to you won’t stop crying. And the old lady behind you talks on her phone d 62 the whole trip. Wish the train could be less noisy? There might be a s 63 for you. The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, one of China’s b 64 high-speed rail lines, will have “quiet” carriages soon. In quiet carriages, onboard videos will be muted (静音) and announcements (通知) will be made at a l 65 volume (音量). Doors at the ends of the carriage will be kept closed to r 66 noise from other carriages. Train attendants will be r 67 for making sure that passengers remain quiet and follow the rules. Passengers who are willing to obey the rules can c 68 the quiet carriages when booking their tickets. Some people have pointed out that this kind of quiet e 69 should be offered in all carriages. While some Internet users support the new service, it has also started discussion about just h 70 quiet travellers should be in quiet carriages. 七、材料作文(本大题共20分) 71．假设某中学生英文报开展关于生活变化的征文活动，请你根据下表所提供的要点，以“Changes in our lives”为题，为该报写一篇文章，简述家乡、交通、学校以及个人的若干变化，并展望未来生活。 变化 家乡 小路——大路 交通 步行、骑车——乘车、开车 学校 旧教学楼——新教学楼 个人 仅通过书本学习——通过网络学习 愿望 更加美好的生活(或自拟内容，说说自己的理想生活) 注意: 1. 包括所给要点，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译； 2. 词数80左右，开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 Changes in our lives With the development of China’s economy (经济), great changes have taken place in our lives in the past few years. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 《八年级译林unit1》参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 A C B B D C D A C D 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 B D B C A C A B D C 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 B A D D C C A C B C 题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 答案 C B A B C D C B C C 题号 41 42 43 44 45 答案 A C A D B 1．A 【详解】句意：在海滩上散步是多么美好的时光啊！ 考查感叹句。感叹句的句式“what+不定冠词+形容词+单数可数名词+（主谓）”；“what+形容词+复数可数名词+（主谓）”；“what+形容词+不可数名词+（主谓）”；“How+形容词或副词+（主谓）”；根据“great time”是“形容词+名词”结构，可知用what句式，排除C和D；根据“walk at the beach”可知此处time指“具体的时间段”，是可数名词，排除B。故选A。 2．C 【详解】句意：迈克·史密斯来中国15年了，他结交了许多中国朋友。 考查动词时态。上文“Mike Smith has been in China for fifteen years”是现在完成时，根据and并列成分和时态要一致的原则可知此处也用现在完成时。故选C。 3．B 【详解】句意：每天锻炼使我们健康。 考查动名词和形容词。“锻炼”在句中作主语时应用动名词形式，故第一空应填Doing；“make + sb. + adj.”是固定结构，意为“使得某人怎么样”，health是名词，healthy是形容词，故后空应填healthy。故选B。 4．B 【详解】句意：这三个外国人中，一个来自伦敦，其余两个来自纽约。 考查代词。other其他的，后常加名词复数；the other两者中的另一个；another三者或三者以上的另一个；some other另外的。此处根据“one is from London...two are from New York.”可知是one...the other“一个……另一个”的用法，故选B。 5．D 【详解】句意：他们在2008年结婚，从2008年开始他们就拥有了幸福的家庭。 考查一般过去时和现在完成时。根据“in2008”可知第一空应用过去时，“结婚”用固定短语get married来表示；根据“have had”可知为现在完成时，从而确定时间状语为“since2008”，“since+过去时间”与现在完成时连用。故选D。 6．C 【详解】句意：当这位女士有空闲时间时，她习惯于在周日去购物。 考查use的用法。used to do sth“过去常常做某事”；be/get used to doing sth“习惯于做某事”，be used to do sth“被用来做某事”。A项用法错误，排除A；因为前句使用过去时态，所以空处要保持时态一致，排除B；表示习惯于周日购物，C项符合语法和语境。故选C。 7．D 【详解】试题分析：句意：—Diana什么时候到达？—哦，她已经到了。她现在在会议室。根据句意：在对话之前，Diana已经到了，而且在会议室。表示在过去某一事件发生的某一动作对现在造成了影响或产生了结果，用现在完成时，故选D。 考点：考查动词时态。 8．A 【详解】句意：——我的英语得了A。——干得不错！ 考查情景交际。You’ve done a good job干得不错；It can’t be worse不能更糟了；It’s too good to be wrong这太好了以至于不可能是错的；You’re welcome不客气。根据上句“I have just got an A in English”可知，答句应表达赞赏和肯定。故选A。 9．C 【详解】句意：——我在家已经和我的表妹在电视上看过时装秀了。——你们什么时候看的？ 考查动词时态。由前句可知已看过时装秀了，所以问句中的when是指过去的时间，此处应用一般过去时。故选C。 10．D 【详解】句意：——从你家到我们学校有多远？   ——步行约半小时。 考查特殊疑问句。How long多长/多长时间，问事物的长度或对一段时间提问；How often多久一次，提问频率；How much多少，对不可数名词的数量提问；How far多远，提问两地之间的距离。根据答句“About half an hour’s walk”可知，问句是对两地之间的距离提问，应用How far来引导。故选D。 11．B 【详解】句意：自从我们上次见面已经过去五年了。 考查动词时态。“It has been/is+一段时间+since+一般过去时”是固定句型，意为“自……以来有多长时间了”。故选B。 12．D 【详解】句意：——你在这所中学学习多久了？——自从两年前（就来学习了）。 考查特殊疑问词。how long多长；how much多少；how soon多久。答句为“since+一段时间+ ago”结构，相当于“for+一段时间”，排除AB选项，对时间段提问要用疑问词how long。故选D。 13．B 【详解】句意：这套新公寓花了陈先生和陈太太许多钱。 考查动词辨析。spent花费，主语为人；cost花费，主语为物；bought买，主语为人；paid付费，主语为人。主语“The new flat” 是物，故动词应用cost。故选B。 14．C 【详解】句意：每天花尽可能多的时间读英语是个好方法。 考查动名词作宾语。spend time doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花时间做某事”，使用动名词作宾语。故选C。 15．A 【详解】句意：——你有关于你走失狗的消息吗？——还没有，我们还在寻找。考查情景交际。A. Not yet还没有；B. I hope not我希望不会；C. I think so我也这么认为；D. Of course当然可以。根据We are still looking for it.可知狗还没有找到，所以    A选项符合语境，故答案选A。 16．C 17．A 18．B 19．D 20．C 21．B 22．A 23．D 24．D 25．C 26．C 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了《哈利波特》的作者J. K. Rowling的个人情况，以及她是如何取得成功的。 16．句意：它们是J. K. Rowling所写的一系列小说，她是一位非常著名的英国作家。 doctor医生；artist艺术家；writer作家；dancer舞者。J. K. Rowling是《哈利波特》的作者，她是一名作家。故选C。 17．句意：罗琳于1965年7月31日出生在英国。 on后接具体日期或星期等；in后接年份、月份、季节或泛指的上午、下午和晚上等；at后接时刻；with和……一起。“31 July, 1965”是具体日期，空处应用介词on。故选A。 18．句意：当她还是个孩子的时候，她经常写故事并读给她妹妹听。 writes写，三单形式；wrote写，过去式；told告诉，过去式；tells告诉，三单形式。根据“she often...stories and read them to her sister”可知，此处指写故事，结合“As a child”，句子用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式wrote。故选B。 19．句意：1990年，当她在去伦敦的火车上时，她想到了第一个《哈利波特》故事的想法。 vacation假期；travelling旅行；holiday假期；trip旅程。on a train trip to“在去……的火车旅程上”。故选D。 20．句意：1995年，罗琳完成了她的第一本书《哈利波特》，并且在2007年她完成了这一系列的第七部。 or或者；but但是；and和，并且；as随着。根据“In 1995, Rowling finished the first Harry Potter book, ...in 2007 she finished the seventh book of the series.”可知，前后是并列关系，空处应用and。故选C。 21．句意：第一本《哈利波特》在开始时并不成功。 success成功（名词）；successful成功的（形容词）；succeed成功（动词）；successfully成功地（副词）。根据“The first Harry Potter book wasn’t...in the beginning.”可知，空处应填入形容词successful，作表语。故选B。 22．句意：当罗琳想出版这个故事时，全国所有的出版社都拒绝了。 refused拒绝；loved爱；wanted想；enjoyed享受。上文提到第一本《哈利波特》在开始时并不成功，所以当罗琳想出版《哈利波特》时，所有出版社都拒绝了。故选A。 23．句意：那对她来说是一段艰难的时期。 easy容易的；happy开心的；pleasant令人愉快的；difficult困难的。上文提到第一本《哈利波特》在开始时并不成功，所以当罗琳想出版《哈利波特》时，所有出版社都拒绝了，那对罗琳来说应是一段很艰难的时期。故选D。 24．句意：但一年后，伦敦的一家小出版社愿意接受它。 early在早期；earlier早些时候地；late迟的；later后来。开始时没有出版社愿意出版《哈利波特》，一年后才有出版社愿意出版。“时段+later”，表示“……以后”。故选D。 25．句意：但一年后，伦敦的一家小出版社愿意接受它。 accept接受（原形）；accepts三单形式；to accept不定式；accepting现在分词或动名词。be willing to do sth.“愿意做某事”，空处应填入to accept。故选C。 26．句意：到目前为止，《哈利波特》系列取得了巨大的成功。 is主语是第三人称单数（一般现在时）；was是am/is的过去式；has been现在完成时；will be一般将来时。根据“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，has been符合语境。故选C。 27．句意：这些书已被翻译成约70种语言，销量超过4.5亿册，畅销全球200多个国家和地区。 million百万；millions数百万；million of错误表达；millions of数百万的。空前有具体数词“450”，空处应填入million的单数形式，后面无需跟介词of。故选A。 28．句意：如果我们竭尽全力，那就没有什么是困难的。 your你的，你们的；us我们；ou我们的（形容词性物主代词）；ourselves我们自己。try one’s best“尽某人最大的努力”，空处应填入our。故选C。 29．句意：无论我们失败多少次，永远不要过于轻易地放弃。 easy容易的；easily容易地，轻易地；easier更容易的；more easily更轻易地。根据“Never give up too...”可知，永远不要过于轻易地放弃，不含比较意义，空处用副词修饰动词，easily符合语境。故选B。 30．句意：继续努力，直到我们成功。 if如果，是否；so所以；until直到；for为了。根据“Just keep trying...we make it.”可知，继续努力，直到我们成功。故选C。 31．C 32．B 33．A 【导语】本文是介绍四个孩子对未来的世界的想象。 31．细节理解题。在Jenny的一栏“use our voices to control them”可知，杰妮认为会用声音控制电脑。故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据最后一栏“I think the earth will become a cleaner place in the future because we will drive cars with the energy (能源) from the sun.”可知，人们将使用太阳能使得地球变得更干净。故选B。 33．主旨大意题。本文是介绍四个孩子对未来的世界的想象。故选A。 34．B 35．C 36．D 37．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了年轻人的搜索习惯逐渐改变。 34．细节理解题。根据“Recently, a Douyin influencer(网红) named ‘Xiao Zhang the worker’ has got popular because of her ‘How-to’ videos. In the videos, she teaches the simplest life skills, such as how to see a concert and how to take the subway. She has quickly won over 2 million followers on Douyin.”可知，第一段用网红的走红的故事，引出年轻人的搜索习惯。故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据“In some way, the rising popularity of ‘How-to’ videos shows that young people’s search habits have changed.”可知，在某种程度上，“如何”视频的日益流行表明年轻人的搜索习惯已经改变。故选C。 36．推理判断题。根据“Instead, videos by creators on Bilibili can offer clearer explanations than those she can find in other ways.”可知，哔哩哔哩上创作者的视频可以提供比其他方式更清晰的解释。故选D。 37．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了年轻人的搜索习惯逐渐改变。“一种新的方式来搜索信息”为最佳标题。故选C。 38．B 39．C 40．C 41．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和朋友去非洲经商赚钱时的海上经历。 38．推理判断题。根据“The ship was full of things for business. We had cups, glass, mirrors, knives and other products.”可知，船上都是商品，可推知作者和朋友去非洲经商赚钱。故选B。 39．细节理解题。根据“We went over the maps and decided the best thing to do was to go to Barbados and repair the ship there.”可知，他们决定到最近的地方去修船。故选C。 40．细节理解题。根据“We left Brazil on the first of September, 1655. Our ship was very big but we were only seventeen men.”可知，17个人坐船离开巴西，④排第一位；根据“a hurricane (飓风) came and it was threatening our ship for the next twelve days. After the hurricane passed, we saw we went quite far from our original (原来的) journey.”可知，第一次飓风之后船改变了方向，①排第二位，排除AD；根据“We expected the ship to break apart at any moment because of the strong wind.”可知，大风几乎把船毁成碎片，⑤排第三位，排除B；根据“We expected the ship to break apart at any moment because of the strong wind, so we all got into the small boat the ship carried. This was very dangerous because the seventeen of us were crowded in the boat, and it had no sail.”和“Suddenly, a huge wave appeared and overturned the boat.”可知，所有的人都逃到船上，但船翻了，因此②排第四位；根据“ Another wave carried me to the beach.”可知，作者被浪带到了海边，③排第五位。故选C。 41．细节理解题。根据“This was very dangerous because the seventeen of us were crowded in the boat, and it had no sail.”以及“The waves were very big. The wind was extremely strong.”可知，让小船变得危险的原因有没有帆、人很多以及浪很大，因此“浅水”不是原因。故选A。 42．C 43．A 44．D 45．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。 42．段落大意题。根据“Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle against human nature”和“it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt, progress and raise itself above and beyond other species” 可知，本段想告诉读者，教育利用文化帮助人类克服自身的原始天性，文化推动人类进步。故选C。 43．推理判断题。根据“Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits”可推测，作者以“狩猎”为例是为了展示文化是如何随着人类对环境的适应而发展的。故选A。 44．推理判断题。根据“The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood”及后段的例举可知，文化具有传播性，可以在不同的人群间传播。故选D。 45．观点态度题。根据“Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species” 可推测，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选B。 46．interview 【详解】句意：这个周末我将采访这位超级明星。采访：interview，an后加可数名词单数。故填interview。 47．realized 【详解】句意：我们多年前就意识到保护环境的重要性。realize“意识到”，根据“years ago”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用动词的过去式。故填realized。 48．before 【详解】句意：我以前从未读过这么有趣的故事。以前：before，是副词，可用于现在完成时态中。故填before。 49．factories 【详解】句意：许多工厂决定削减成本以维持生存。factory“工厂”，可数名词；由空前的many可知，空格处应用名词复数。故填factories。 50．waste 【详解】句意：——现在工业废料已成为最严重的问题之一。——我们应该做点什么。waste“废料”，是不可数名词，故填waste。 51．has known 【详解】句意：我哥哥从小就认识他。根据“since he was a child”可知，主句用现在完成时，主语是My brother，助动词用has，know的过去分词是known。故填has known。 52．recently 【详解】句意：甘肃的天水麻辣烫最近很受欢迎。此空修饰动词become，应用副词recently表示“最近”。故填recently。 53．wives 【详解】句意：这些人的妻子从家乡来看她们的丈夫。根据“of these men”可知，此处是指这些男人的妻子，应用名词wife的复数形式wives作句子的主语。故填wives。 54．really 【详解】句意：告诉我你的真实想法。 修饰行为动词think用real的副词really“真正地”。故填really。 55．to find 【详解】句意：借助在线地图，找到世界上任何地方都不用花很长时间。it takes some time to do sth.“花费时间做某事”，it为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故填to find。 56．Great changes have taken place over the years 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，空处缺少“这些年来”和“发生了很大的变化”， great changes：很大的变化，在句中作主语，首字母大写；发生：take place；这些年来：over the years。根据所给汉语提示可知，表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语Great changes表示复数含义，助动词用have，take的过去分词taken。故填Great changes have taken place over the years。 57． went abroad communicate with each other by email 【详解】go abroad出国，last year与一般过去时连用，所以用went abroad；communicate with each other互相交流，表示经常的行为，用一般现在时；by email通过电子邮件。故填went abroad；communicate with each other by email。 58．take action to protect the environment 【详解】采取行动做某事：take action to do sth.，let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”；保护环境：protect the environment。故填take action to protect the environment。 59．fast and easy to go to the city centre by underground 【详解】做某事是……的：it’s adj. to do sth.；又快又简单：fast and easy；去市中心：go to the city centre；乘地铁：by underground。故填fast and easy to go to the city centre by underground。 60． have never seen before 【详解】根据“之前没看过”可知句子应用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词为have，see“看见”的过去分词为seen，用never表示否定，位于助动词have后；before“之前”，作时间状语，位于句末。故填have never seen；before。 61．(w)ithout 62．(d)uring 63．(s)olution 64．(b)usiest 65．(l)ow 66．(r)educe 67．(r)esponsible 68．(c)hoose 69．(e)nvironment 70．(h)ow 【导语】本文主要介绍了有关实行“安静”车厢的相关情况，以及人们对“安静”车厢的看法。 61．句意：你上了火车，准备休息或者看书，却发现前面的乘客在没有戴耳机的情况下用平板电脑看电视节目。根据“The child next to you won’t stop crying.And the old lady behind you talks on her phone.”可知叙述的都是火车上一些制造出不安静环境的行为，可推断乘客是没有戴耳机的，without“没有”。故填(w)ithout。 62．句意：你身后的老太太整个旅程中都在打电话。根据“the whole trip”可知老太太整个旅程期间都在打电话，during“在……期间”。故填(d)uring。 63．句意：对你来说可能有种方法可以解决。根据“The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, one of China’s … high-speed rail lines, will have “quiet” carriages soon.”可知已经有一种解决办法，solution“解决方法”，此处用名词单数。故填(s)olution。 64．句意：作为中国最繁忙的高铁线路之一的京沪高铁，即将迎来“安静”的车厢。根据常识可知京沪高铁是最繁忙的高铁线路之一，用最高级busiest“最繁忙的”。故填(b)usiest。 65．句意：在安静的车厢中，车载视频将被静音，并且广播将以很小的音量播放。根据“In quiet carriages, onboard videos will be muted”可知在安静的车厢，广播音量也很低，at a low volume“音量很低”。故填(l)ow。 66．句意：车厢两端的门将保持关闭，以减少来自其他车厢的噪音。根据“Doors at the ends of the carriage will be kept closed”可知本句句意是：车厢两端门关闭的目的是为了减少来自其它车厢的噪音，reduce“减少”，动词不定式符号to后加动词原形。故填(r)educe。 67．句意：列车乘务员将负责确保乘客保持安静并遵守规则。根据主语“Train attendants”以及“making sure that passengers remain quiet and follow the rules”可知乘务员负责确保乘客保持安静和遵守规则，be responsible for“对……负责”。故填(r)esponsible。 68．句意：愿意遵守规定的乘客可以在订票时选择安静的车厢。根据“when booking their tickets”可知愿意遵守安静车厢规定的乘客可在订票时选择此车厢，choose“选择”，情态动词后加动词原形。故填(c)hoose。 69．句意：有人指出，所有车厢都应该提供这种安静的环境。根据“should be offered in all carriages”及前文内容可知人们指出所有车厢都应提供这种环境，environment“环境”。故填(e)nvironment。 70．句意：虽然一些互联网用户支持这项新服务，但它也引发了关于旅客坐在安静车厢里应保持安静程度的讨论。根据空白后“quiet travellers should be in quiet carriages”可知引发人们讨论的是在车厢该保持何种程度的安静。故填(h)ow。 71．例文: Changes in our lives With the development of China’s economy, great changes have taken place in our lives in the past few years. There are more and more people in my town now. The roads are wider and cleaner, and the public transport is better. As a result, it is easier for us to travel. In the past, people went to work or school on foot or by bicycle, but now most people have their own cars. School buildings used to be very old. Students could only get knowledge from books. However, things have changed a lot. Students now study in tall and bright buildings and they can surf the Internet for more information. I truly believe that we are living happier lives than before, and I take great pride in my hometown. I hope for a better life in the future. I want to help make our world better and enjoy new ways of living. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：一般现在时为主； ③提示：写作要点提示和开头已给出，考试应注意要求中的内容，充实细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，由经济的发展带来生活的巨大变化引入话题； 第二步，具体介绍家乡、交通、学校、个人生活的变化； 第三步，表达自己感想。 [亮点词汇] ①take place发生 ②public transport公共交通 ③as a result结果 ④used to过去常常 ⑤take pride in以……为自豪 [高分句型] ① In the past, people went to work or school on foot or by bicycle, but now most people have their own cars. (并列句) ② I truly believe that we are living happier lives than before, and I take great pride in my hometown. (宾语从句和并列句) 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$