选必三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Words and Expressions（课件）- 【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第三册）

Words and Expressions 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage adversity [ədˈvɜːsəti] n. 困境; 逆境 meet with/encounter adversity 遇到逆境 adverse conditions 不利条件 adverse effect 不良反应 in a dilemma 处于窘境，进退两难 in trouble 处于麻烦中 in need/in danger 在危难中 adverse adj.不利的;相反的;敌对的 dilemma n.(进退两难的)窘境; 困境 wage [weɪdʒ] n.工资 wage a trade war with China与中国开展贸易战 weekly/hourly wage 周薪/时薪 offer/pay/raise a wage 提供/支付/上调工资 1. wage 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱； 2. income 指收入、收益、所得； 3. pay 指工资、薪水； 4. salary 通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金 bitter [ˈbɪtə(r)] adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的 a bitter experience 痛苦的经历 on a bitter cold winter morning shed bitter tears 留下苦涩的泪 bitterly adv.痛苦地 bitterness n. 苦味，悲痛 bitter [ˈbɪtə(r)] adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的 苦的 bitter 基本义 味道“苦的” （味道）苦的 人的感受“苦的” 因遭受不公平对待感到“苦的” 天气严寒令人“苦的” 辛酸的；痛苦的 充满仇恨（怨恨）的 （天气）严寒的；刺骨的 bitter [ˈbɪtə(r)] adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. The weather will soon pass from this bitter cold to more spring-like temperatures. _____________ 2. She is said to be very bitter about the way she was fired. _____________ 3. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. _____________ 4. I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.（2011 陕西） _____________ 严寒 愤愤不平的 / 充满怨恨的 （味道）苦的 痛苦的 expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃn] n.探险;远征;探险队 join / take part in / send / lead an expedition 派遣、率领、参加一支探险队 be on/plan/make/go on an expedition （正在、计划）去（南极）进行探险、考察 go on a shopping/shipping expedition 外出购物、钓鱼 bitterly adv.痛苦地 bitterness n. 苦味，悲痛 endurance [ɪnˈdjʊərəns] n.忍耐力;耐久力 beyond endurance 忍无可忍 enduring adj.持久的 endurable adj.可忍受的 unendurable adj无法忍受的 vigour [ˈvɪɡə(r)] n.精力;力量;活力 be full of vigor/energy 充满活力 vigourous adj. 精力充沛的 =energetic turn sb. down 拒绝(某人) turn sb. down 拒绝(某人) turn down/up the TV 降低(调高)电视的音量 turn to sb./sth.求助于某人，转向某物 turn in your homework交作业 turn on/off 打开/关闭按键 sb./sth. turn out (to be)原来是 it turns out +that 从句, 原来... as it turned out , adv.事实证明 qualified [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd] adj.符合资格;具备……的知识 qualify sb. for 某人能胜任 qualify sb. to do 使某人有资格做 be qualified for...　可胜任…… be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事 have (no) qualifications for (doing) ... (没)有(做)……的资格 have (no) qualifications to do (没)有(做)……的资格 quality n.质量 qualify vt. 符合资格 qualification n.资格，资历 qualified [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd] adj.符合资格;具备……的知识 1) There is no doubt that he has qualifications ________(do)the work. 2) He’s been informed that he doesn’t qualify________ the scholarship because of his academic background. 3) Just tell Mike whoever has a good knowledge of physics and history is____________(qualify)for the position. 4) There is no doubt that he has ____________(qualify) to do the work. 5) The test will qualify you __ ( drive) the new car. to do for qualified qualification to drive enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk] adj.热情的;热心的 be enthusiastic about (doing sth.) 对(做某事)热情/感兴趣 enthusiasm for (doing) sth. 对(做)某事热情 enthusiastically adv.热情地 enthusiasm n.热情 enthusiast n.爱好者 enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk] adj.热情的;热心的 enthusiasm about starting for assign [əˈsaɪn] vt.分派;布置;分配 双宾： assign sb. sth. ＝ assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某物 assign sb. to sth. 指派某人(做)某一项工作 宾补： assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事 assignment n.分配，任务 assign [əˈsaɪn] vt.分派;布置;分配 分配（某物）；布置（工作、任务等） 指定 （基本义） 指定；指派；委派 指定“人”到某个位置、职位 指定“物品或任务等”到人 （分配的）任务；作业 分配；指派 assign assignment assign [əˈsaɪn] vt.分派;布置;分配 1. They’ve assigned their best man to the job. ___________ 2. The teacher has assigned each of us a holiday task. ___________ 3. You will need to complete three written assignments per semester. ___________ 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. When I taught, I would assign a topic ________ children which they would write about. 2. Our first ____________ (assign) was to read two short stories and then discuss which one was better.（2011 湖南） assignment 选派 分配 书面作业 to envy [ˈenvi] n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌 envy sb. sth. 羡慕某人某事 envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕某人做某事 be envious of 羡慕 七宗罪:anger嗔/pride傲/greed贪心/gluttony贪吃/sloth懒散/envy嫉妒/lust欲 envious adj. 嫉妒的 enviously adj. 嫉妒地 envy [ˈenvi] n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌 envious enviously winning of crush [krʌʃ] vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群 a crushing defeat 一次惨败 a crushing blow一次沉重的打击 crushed peanuts花生碎 have a crush on sb.(短暂的)迷恋某人(不熟识的人) crushing adj.毁坏性的 crushed adj.被压碎的 crush [krʌʃ] vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群 1. Eggs crushes easily. 鸡蛋容易_____。 2. This dress crushes easily. 这件衣服容易______。 3. Her refusal crushed all our hopes. 她一拒绝,我们的希望全都_____了。 4. The box was crushed when the car ran over it. 汽车碾过箱子时把它给______了。 压碎 起皱 破灭 辗坏 sink [sɪŋk] vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 n.洗碗池 sink into the sea/anger 陷入,沉入 be sunk/lost in thought 陷入沉思中 sb's heart sinks 某人心沉了下去（指心情沮丧） a sinking feeling 不详的感觉,沮丧之情 sink [sɪŋk] vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 n.洗碗池 sink 下沉；下落 基本义 船下沉 （具体物） 身体下沉 （由物及人） 情绪下沉 （由具体到抽象） 程度上下沉 （由具体到抽象） 降低；减弱 高度下沉 （高度） 消沉；陷入 （高度）下降 倒下；坐下 （使）下沉；（使）沉没 sink [sɪŋk] vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 n.洗碗池 一、用适当的介词填空。 1. The fish food will gradually sink _____________ the bottom of the tank. 2. She sank back _____________ her seat, tired. 3. She just sat there, sunk ______________ thought. 二、根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。 1. The kids watched as the coin ___________________________（沉入池底）. 2. ______________________（她心里一沉）as she read the results. to into in Her heart sank sank to the bottom of the pool abandon [əˈbændən] vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 n. 放任；放纵 abandon oneself to　　沉溺/纵情于 be abandoned to 沉溺于 abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 with abandon 放纵地 abandon [əˈbændən] vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 n. 放任；放纵 放弃 abandon 基本义 放弃做某事；放弃信念等 不顾义务、责任等放弃人或动物 不得已而放弃某地或某交通工具  放弃  遗弃  离弃 abandon [əˈbændən] vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 n. 放任；放纵 写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。 1. The match was abandoned because of bad weather. ___________ 2. The search for the missing sailors was abandoned after two days. ___________ 3. Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned the city. ___________ 4. The market might abandon the stock, and knock down its price. __________ 5. A shared bike is left abandoned at a bus stop. ___________ adj 被遗弃的 放弃 / 终止 离弃 清理 取消 abandon [əˈbændən] vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 n. 放任；放纵 ①Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost (abandon). ②Playing computer games is harmful to your health. Don’t abandon yourself this kind of pleasure. ③Bad customs and laws ought to (abandon), since they are inappropriate for the development of the society. ④People were shouting and cheering abandon after the match. ⑤We abandoned (carry) out the plan for lack of money. ⑥Those who despair can’t succeed. abandoned to be abandoned with carrying abandon themselves to stove [stəʊv] n.炉具;厨房灶具 belongings [bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] n. [pl.]财物;动产 belong to 属于（无被动） personal belongings 个人财物 a sense of belonging 归属感 同类表达： savings 积蓄/ earnings 工资/leavings 剩饭/surroundings 环境/remains 剩余物,残留物,遗迹,遗体 belong vi.属于 belongings [bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] n. [pl.]财物;动产 ①When he joined the club, he felt a sense of (belong). ②Some of the stamps belong me, while the rest are his and hers. ③The old house (belong) to my grandfather is still in good condition. ④The taxi driver often reminds passengers to when they leave the car. belonging to belonging take their belongings perseverance [ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns] n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 with perseverance adv. 坚持不懈地 persevere in/with one’s study 坚持不懈地学习 show great perseverance in the face of adversities 面对逆境表现出极大毅力 persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn] n.决议;解决;坚定 resolve a problem 解决问题 resolve to do sth. 决心做某事 strengthen one’s resolve 坚定了决心 a satisfactory resolution to the problem令人满意的解决方案 dissolve v 溶解,分解(dis分开+solve=松开分散=溶解) resolve vi. &vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念 resolute adj.坚决的;果断的 resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn] n.决议;解决;坚定 “解开”问题等 “解开”做某事的纠结 解决 决心；决定 resolve 解开 （基本义） 正式决定；决议 坚决；坚定； 决定；决心 解决 resolve resolution resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn] n.决议;解决;坚定 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. Barnet was desperate for money to resolve his financial problems. ___________ 2. The government is pressing for an early resolution of the conflict. ___________ 3. They made a resolution to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas period. ___________ 4. The resolution was passed by a two-thirds majority. ___________ 解决 解决 决心 决议 resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn] n.决议;解决;坚定 report resolution a to be resolved furniture [ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)] n.家具 a piece / an item of furniture 一件家具 a set of furniture 一套家具 be furnished with 配备着... furnish vt.布置，装备（家私） fortunately [ˈfɔːtʃənətli] adv.幸运地 make a fortune 发财，赚钱 seek/try one's fortune 碰运气 fortune n.运气，财富 fortunate adj. 幸运的 fortunately adv.幸运地 misfortune n.不幸 unfortunate adj. 不幸的 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 fortunately [ˈfɔːtʃənətli] adv.幸运地 a Fortunately Unfortunately to visit guidance [ˈɡaɪdns] n.指导;引导;导航 guided tour 有导游的旅行 parental guidance 家长指引 under the guidance of... 在...的指引下 under sb.’s guidance 在某人的指导下 without the guidance of sb. 没有某人的指导 provide guidance 提供指导 personal guidance 亲自指导 guide vt. 指导，影响(某人的行为)；指导 n. 指南，手册，向导 guidance [ˈɡaɪdns] n.指导;引导;导航 ①Without the (guide) of the outstanding sculptor, he couldn't have made ideal sculptures. ② his sister’s guidance, he is likely to complete the project. ③If you seek him, he will ． ④All the activities take place an experienced teacher. guidance Under provide guidance under the guidance of loyal [ˈlɔɪəl] adj.忠诚的;忠实的 be loyal to 对...忠诚 loyal adj.忠诚的 loyalty n.忠诚 disloyal adj. 不忠的 make fire 生火 be on fire 着火了 catch fire 着火 set sth. on fire＝set fire to sth. 放火；放火烧某物 play with fire 玩火；冒险 put out a fire 灭火 make fire 生火 ①In order to scare the wild animals away, we when the night fell. 为了把野兽吓跑，我们在夜幕降临时生火。 ②The police haven’t found out who the storehouse. 警方还没查出是谁放火烧了仓库。 ③Don’t stand too close to that stove. Your clothes may ． 不要站得太靠近那个火炉，你的衣服可能着火。 ④At last the firemen in California. 消防员终于扑灭了在加利福尼亚州的一场森林大火。 made fire set fire to catch fire put out a big forest fire commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺;保证;奉献 commit a crime/suicide/murder 犯罪/自杀/谋杀 commit oneself to doing sth. 承诺；保证做某事 be committed to doing sth. 致力于/全心全意地投入去做某事 make a commitment to... 对……作出承诺 make a commitment to do sth. 承诺/许诺做某事 commit vt. 犯罪，承诺 committed adj.忠诚的 commitment n. 承诺 commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺;保证;奉献 “发送”错误或非法的事情 犯（错误、罪行等） 投入 承诺；许诺；保证 commitment 把时间精力金钱等“发送”到某事上 把责任义务“发送”到某事上 （使）承担义务；（使）作出保证 commit 投入；奉献 发送 commit （基本义） 承诺的事 / 责任 commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺;保证;奉献 写作同义异构：你还能想到哪些表示“专注于 / 致力于做某事”的表达？ be lost in devote oneself to focus on be occupied in be absorbed in devote … to be involved in be engaged in be dedicated to sth bury oneself in be employed in doing sth concentrate on commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n.承诺;保证;奉献 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. The company’s commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success. ___________ 2. I was impressed by the energy and commitment shown by the players. ___________ 3. Women very often have to have a balance between work and family commitments. ___________ 4. Achieving success at this level requires a commitment of time and energy. ___________ 奉献精神 承诺 家庭事务 投入 同形异义词 写出下列句子中画线单词的词性及汉语释义。 1. Mary found that the table-tennis bats were printed with patterns of little bats. ___________ ___________ 2. While George was shaving off the bark of a tree, a dog came running and barked at him. ___________ ___________ 3. In the museum he saw that the sculpture of a seal was sealed in a glass box. ___________ ___________ 4. The woman wearing fine clothes was fined for driving too fast. ___________ ___________ 同形异义词指拼写相同，但意义不同的词。学习时要注意同形异义词与多义词的区别：同形异义词各源自不同的词，而多义词的词源是同一个词。多义词的释义之间有联系，而同形异义词的释义之间无联系。 n 球拍 n 蝙蝠 n 树皮 v（犬）吠叫 n 海豹 v 封 / 密封 adj 漂亮的 v 对……处以罚款 水面“粗糙的” 气流“粗糙的” “粗糙的”思考即不确切 “粗糙的”感受即不舒服 “粗糙的”环境即不安全 道路“粗糙的” rough 语义网络图 粗糙的 rough （基本义） （表面）粗糙的；（道路）崎岖的 （天气）恶劣的；有暴风雨的 风浪大的 粗略的 艰难的；难受的 多暴力的；犯罪率高的 rough 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. Because the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat within 24 hours.（2013 湖南） __________ 2. The Atlantic Ocean has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.（2013 重庆改） __________ 3. The first year was rough, but things have gotten better. __________ 4. We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required. _________ 高低不平的 风浪大的 艰难的 大致的 / 粗略的 1. bitter adj. 严寒的，激烈而不愉快的；味苦的→　　　　　 adv. 痛苦地;愤恨地;极其 2. endurance n. 忍耐力；耐久力→__________ vt. 忍耐 3. qualified adj. 符合资格；具备…的知识→__________vt.使具有资格；证明…合格 vi.取得资格；有资格→ ____________ n. 资格；资历；学历 satisfy→satisfied 4. enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的→________________ adv. 热心地；狂热地→____________n. [U]热情;热爱的事物 with enthusiasm 热情地 5. assign vt.分派; 布置；分配→___________ n.分配的工作、任务 6. envy vt. 羡慕，妒忌 → __________adj. 羡慕的; 嫉妒的 7. belongings  n. 财物；财产→ __________ v. 属于 8. selfish adj. 自私的→ __________ adj.无私的 9. persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求→ _____________ n .毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 qualify qualification enthusiastically enthusiasm bitterly endure assignment belong envious perseverance 10. resolve vt.&vi.决定；决心；解决→ ___________n. 决心；坚定的信念 11. cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的→ _________ n. 残酷 12. thorough adj．深入的；彻底的；细致的→ ____________ adv．深入地；彻底地 13. fortune n. 机会;运气;财富→ __________adj. 幸运的→ __________adv. 幸运地→ ______________adv. 不幸地 14. guidance n. 指导；引导；导航→ __________ vt. 指导；引导 15. advertising n. 广告活动；广告业→ __________ v. 宣传；做广告 16. loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→ _____________ n.忠诚；忠实 17. commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献 → _________vt. 承诺；保证→ ___________adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 18. motive n. 动机；原因；目的 → ____________ n.动机 resolution cruelty thoroughly fortunately fortunate unfortunately guide advertise loyalty commit motivation committed Words and Expressions 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 4 Thank You ! 　单句语法填空 ①Jane never lost her (enthusiastic) for teaching. ②He doesn't sound very enthusiastic the idea. ③I am generally very enthusiastic about (start) a new project. ④I can't say I share your enthusiasm the idea. 　单句语法填空 ①He saw the (envy) look in the other boy's eyes. ②They look (envious) at the success of their European counterparts. ③We all envy him (win) first prize in the speaking contest. ④I'm so envious you getting an extra day's holiday. 　单句语法填空 ①She resolved to (report)the matter to the hospital's nursing manager. ②The government is pressing for an early (resolve) of the dispute. ③She made resolution to visit her relatives more often. ④The conflict is unlikely (resolve) in the near future. 　单句语法填空 ①He abandoned his former job to make fortune. ② (fortune), the scientist managed to resolve the tough problem. ③(2019·北京卷) (fortunate)，it's too little，too late. ④I have been fortunate enough (visit) many parts of the world as a lecturer. $$