Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 课件+分层练习- 【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第三册）

Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures分层练习 语言知识 一、（2024·高二课时练习）词性转换 1. _________ vt.忍耐；忍受→_________n. 忍耐力；耐久力 2. _________ vt.&vi.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→_________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→_________ n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历 3. _________ vt. 分派；布置；分配→_________ n.任务；分配 4. _________ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→_________ adj.被遗弃的 5. _________ n. 自我；自身→_________ adj. 自私的→_________ adj. 无私的；忘我的 6. _________ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→_________ adj.被遗弃的 7. _________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求→_________ n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 8. _________ vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心；坚定的信念→_________ n.决议；解决；坚定 9. _________ adj．残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→_________ adv. 残酷地；残忍地→_________ n. 残忍；残酷 10. _________ n. 运气；财富→_________ adj. 幸运的；吉利的→_________ adv.  幸运地→_________ adv. 不幸地；遗憾地 11. _________ vt. 带领；引导 n. 导游→_________ n.指导；引导；导航 12. _________ vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告→_________ n.广告活动；广告业→_________ n. 广告；启事 13. _________ adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→_________ adv. 粗糙地；粗略地 14. ________ vt. 犯(错误)；干(坏事)→________ n.承诺；保证；奉献 15. _________ n. 动机；原因；目的→_________ vt.使有动机，促使，激发→_________ n.动力，诱因 16. _________ adj. 热情的；热心的→_________ n. 热情；热心 二、（2024·高二课时练习）单句语法填空 1.He set up a welfare _____ (organize) ten years ago.Now, he has made a great _____ (achieve) and he is also a respectable businessman.We all feel _____ (inspire) by his deeds and _____ (kind). 2.The wealthy man went abroad with the _____ (intend) of trying his fortune, while the poor man _____ (intend) to learn some skills of earning money. 3.The old doctor takes many things into _____ (consider) before making a prescription.His _____ (observe) plays an important part, through which he will make a _____ (connect). 4.To gain an advantage over others in an _____ (argue), you should be respectful and _____ (consider).You also should mind your _____ (behave), your tone and so on.To get enough information about a topic, you should turn to _____ (refer) books. 5._____ once hit me that I could live _____ quiet life in the rural area.Therefore, I began to consider _____(move) to a small mountain village._____ I settled down, I started living like an old fairy. 6.You should carry _____ with your hard work.Only in this way can you succeed.You should remember that it is your own effort that _____(determine) your future. 7._____(tire) and hungry, we finally came to a small village about an old hunter, with whose help we met _____ chance.It is with his help _____ we found our way out of the forest. 8.The scientist has observed the peasants _____(grow) crops in the traditional way.He thinks that it is his duty to argue them _____ believing scientific farming. 三、（2024·高二课时练习）完成句子 1. 好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。(happen) Well, __________________________ one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 2. 这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船肯定无法让每个人都到达。(too...to...) The voyage was __________________________ in our small boats. 3. 只要你坚持下去，最终就会成功。(as long as) It will eventually lead to success __________________________. 4. 当我们最终获救时，我们感到非常轻松，欣喜万分，以至于我们中有许多人无法掩饰自己的眼泪。(such...that...) When we were finally rescued, we __________________________ many of us could not hide our tears. 5. 我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(qualified) I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with, __________________________ advertised in the newspaper. 6. 这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西，说话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。(aboard) The instant __________________________, they were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. 7. 我们应该摒弃那些对我们健康有害的坏习惯，如吸烟、喝酒等。(abandon) We should __________________________, such as smoking and drinking. 8. 正是太阳发出光和热，地球上的生命才得以维持。(give off) It is because __________________________ that the earth can sustain life. 知识应用 四、（广西壮族自治区柳州市柳城县柳城县中学2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中）阅读理解 A new study has found that ride-sharing services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation. Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environment friendly methods of travel, like public transportation, walking or biking, the study found. Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities. The new study represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution. Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now "result in a 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace." The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike or on foot. One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests, are on the way to pick up passengers. This situation, known as "deadheading," takes up about 42 percent of all ride-sharing driving activity, the study found. The researchers said that deadheading results in about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle. Both Uber and Lyft have said in the past that most studies on the subject overstate (夸大）the effects of their services on pollution. Uber told Reuters news agency in a statement it had no comment on the latest report and that the study made misleading claims about ride-sharing. Meanwhile, the company said it would work directly with cities to address climate changes, promoting sharing trips and other means of transportation. 8. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Ride-sharing becomes a new trend that can’t be avoided. B. Ride-sharing industry is met with criticism. C. Ride-sharing services increase pollution. D. Ride-sharing services need improvement. 9. The term “deadheading” in the passage refers to ________. A. a driving process where the driver is not carrying passengers B. a potential risk that the driver may lose control of the vehicle C. a period of driving hours when vehicles produce more carbon dioxide D. a situation in which a driver has too many passengers to pick up 10. In the eyes of Uber, the latest report is actually________. A. barking up the wrong tree B. not seeking the truth from facts C. killing two birds with one stone D. beating around the bush 11. From the study of ride-sharing services, we can infer that ________. A. Ride-sharing attracts exactly the same number of people as traditional means of transport. B. the study was conducted to prove the influence of ride-sharing services on modern cities C. ride-sharing service is not an environmentally friendly way to travel D. the new report has forced Uber to make big changes to achieve its goal 五、（辽宁省联合体2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中）语法填空 Chinese hit video game Black Myth: Wukong has taken the gaming world by storm, 56 （sell） more than 10 million copies across all platforms in just three days after its official release on Aug. 20. 57 （adapt） from the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West, “Black Myth: Wukong”, received critical praise for its high quality, setting a new record for Chinese games 58 major platforms and currently ranking second in the historical peak number of online players for all games on Steam. As an action role-playing game, players of Black Myth: Wukong assume the role of a “person of destiny”, embarking on a dangerous and wonderful journey 59 （discover） the truth behind ancient legends. Featuring 60 rich and immersive combat system, the game allows players to master various staff 61 （technique） and combine them with a wide series of spells, transformations, talents, and weapons to find a fighting style that 62 （suit） them best. Although the game’s massive popularity in China can partly be due to national 63 （familiar） with Journey to the West, the fact that it has captivated international audiences, many of 64 lack this cultural background, suggests that Black Myth WuKong is on the right path. Some enthusiasts 65 （collect） over 200 pages of background material in the past few days to help international players understand the story’s deep cultural roots. 六、（河北省邯郸市三龙育华中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考）读后续写 Pembral was a good boy. But he was always forgetting things. Big things, small things, important things, little things. His mother was a patient woman, which was a good thing. Pembral regularly tested her patience. She learned early on to remind him of everything: big things, small things, important things, even the little things. Once in a while the little things that didn’t seem important at the time became more important later. Sometimes she thought that Pembral forgot things on purpose — things like washing behind his ears; or picking up his toys; or feeding the dog. It bothered (麻烦) her to remind him of these sorts of things. However, for the most part, she knew that his mind just wandered off and it was her job to bring it back. Fall weather had arrived. The air was cool and fresh, especially in the morning, even if the skies were brilliant blue and the sun was shining brightly. The light of the morning made wisps (缕) of fog come up from the ponds. The trees were changing their summer greens to coats of brilliant yellow, orange and red. This was a time when Pembral’s mother cooked things that smelled and tasted really good. It seemed like he was just hungrier in the fall or something, and he liked how the windows steamed up and how the kitchen smells filled up the whole house when his mother was cooking up something good at that time of the year. Pembral’s mother was baking (烤) something special that day: a carrot cake. It was one of Pembral’s favorites. But she needed some things from the store, and sent Pembral to get them. “I need eggs, sugar and raisins (葡萄干),” she said. “Here’s some money,” she went on. “Put it in your pocket where you won’t lose it.” Pembral pushed the money into his pocket, and headed toward the door. He went outside and down the street, kicking dry leaves on the sidewalk into the air and breathing in their smell, and watching flying birds. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 When he got to the store, he picked up a basket and went about shopping. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ He was reaching into his pocket for the change when his mother said, “Where are the eggs?” __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures分层练习 语言知识 一、（2024·高二课时练习）词性转换 1. _________ vt.忍耐；忍受→_________n. 忍耐力；耐久力 2. _________ vt.&vi.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→_________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→_________ n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历 3. _________ vt. 分派；布置；分配→_________ n.任务；分配 4. _________ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→_________ adj.被遗弃的 5. _________ n. 自我；自身→_________ adj. 自私的→_________ adj. 无私的；忘我的 6. _________ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→_________ adj.被遗弃的 7. _________ vi.坚持；孜孜以求→_________ n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 8. _________ vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n.决心；坚定的信念→_________ n.决议；解决；坚定 9. _________ adj．残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→_________ adv. 残酷地；残忍地→_________ n. 残忍；残酷 10. _________ n. 运气；财富→_________ adj. 幸运的；吉利的→_________ adv.  幸运地→_________ adv. 不幸地；遗憾地 11. _________ vt. 带领；引导 n. 导游→_________ n.指导；引导；导航 12. _________ vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告→_________ n.广告活动；广告业→_________ n. 广告；启事 13. _________ adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→_________ adv. 粗糙地；粗略地 14. ________ vt. 犯(错误)；干(坏事)→________ n.承诺；保证；奉献 15. _________ n. 动机；原因；目的→_________ vt.使有动机，促使，激发→_________ n.动力，诱因 16. _________ adj. 热情的；热心的→_________ n. 热情；热心 【答案】1. endure；endurance 2. qualify；qualified；qualification 3. assign；assignment 4. abandon；abandoned 5. self；selfish；selfless 6. abandon；abandoned 7. persevere；perseverance 8. resolve；resolution 9. cruel；cruelly；cruelty 10. fortune；fortunate；fortunately；unfortunately 11. guide；guidance 12. advertise；advertising；advertisement 13. rough；roughly 14. commit；commitment 15. motive；motivate；motivation 16. enthusiastic；enthusiasm 二、（2024·高二课时练习）单句语法填空 1.He set up a welfare _____ (organize) ten years ago.Now, he has made a great _____ (achieve) and he is also a respectable businessman.We all feel _____ (inspire) by his deeds and _____ (kind). 2.The wealthy man went abroad with the _____ (intend) of trying his fortune, while the poor man _____ (intend) to learn some skills of earning money. 3.The old doctor takes many things into _____ (consider) before making a prescription.His _____ (observe) plays an important part, through which he will make a _____ (connect). 4.To gain an advantage over others in an _____ (argue), you should be respectful and _____ (consider).You also should mind your _____ (behave), your tone and so on.To get enough information about a topic, you should turn to _____ (refer) books. 5._____ once hit me that I could live _____ quiet life in the rural area.Therefore, I began to consider _____(move) to a small mountain village._____ I settled down, I started living like an old fairy. 6.You should carry _____ with your hard work.Only in this way can you succeed.You should remember that it is your own effort that _____(determine) your future. 7._____(tire) and hungry, we finally came to a small village about an old hunter, with whose help we met _____ chance.It is with his help _____ we found our way out of the forest. 8.The scientist has observed the peasants _____(grow) crops in the traditional way.He thinks that it is his duty to argue them _____ believing scientific farming. 【答案】 1.He set up a welfare organization (organize) ten years ago.Now, he has made a great achievement (achieve) and he is also a respectable businessman.We all feel inspired (inspire) by his deeds and kindness (kind). 2.The wealthy man went abroad with the intention (intend) of trying his fortune, while the poor man intended (intend) to learn some skills of earning money. 3.The old doctor takes many things into consideration (consider) before making a prescription.His observation (observe) plays an important part, through which he will make a connection (connect). 4.To gain an advantage over others in an argument (argue), you should be respectful and considerate (consider).You also should mind your behavior (behave), your tone and so on.To get enough information about a topic, you should turn to reference (refer) books. 5.It once hit me that I could live a quiet life in the rural area.Therefore, I began to consider moving(move) to a small mountain village.Once I settled down, I started living like an old fairy. 6.You should carry on with your hard work.Only in this way can you succeed.You should remember that it is your own effort that determines(determine) your future. 7.Tired(tire) and hungry, we finally came to a small village about an old hunter, with whose help we met by chance.It is with his help that we found our way out of the forest. 8.The scientist has observed the peasants grow(grow) crops in the traditional way.He thinks that it is his duty to argue them into believing scientific farming. 三、（2024·高二课时练习）完成句子 1. 好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。(happen) Well, __________________________ one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 2. 这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船肯定无法让每个人都到达。(too...to...) The voyage was __________________________ in our small boats. 3. 只要你坚持下去，最终就会成功。(as long as) It will eventually lead to success __________________________. 4. 当我们最终获救时，我们感到非常轻松，欣喜万分，以至于我们中有许多人无法掩饰自己的眼泪。(such...that...) When we were finally rescued, we __________________________ many of us could not hide our tears. 5. 我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(qualified) I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with, __________________________ advertised in the newspaper. 6. 这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西，说话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。(aboard) The instant __________________________, they were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. 7. 我们应该摒弃那些对我们健康有害的坏习惯，如吸烟、喝酒等。(abandon) We should __________________________, such as smoking and drinking. 8. 正是太阳发出光和热，地球上的生命才得以维持。(give off) It is because __________________________ that the earth can sustain life. 【答案】1. Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 2. The voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. 3. It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere. 4. When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 5. I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with, which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper. 6. The instant the young couple went aboard the ship, they were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. 7. We should abandon those bad habits that are harmful to our health, such as smoking and drinking. 8. It is because the sun gives off light and heat that the earth can sustain life. 知识应用 四、（广西壮族自治区柳州市柳城县柳城县中学2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中）阅读理解 A new study has found that ride-sharing services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation. Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environment friendly methods of travel, like public transportation, walking or biking, the study found. Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities. The new study represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution. Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now "result in a 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace." The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike or on foot. One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests, are on the way to pick up passengers. This situation, known as "deadheading," takes up about 42 percent of all ride-sharing driving activity, the study found. The researchers said that deadheading results in about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle. Both Uber and Lyft have said in the past that most studies on the subject overstate (夸大）the effects of their services on pollution. Uber told Reuters news agency in a statement it had no comment on the latest report and that the study made misleading claims about ride-sharing. Meanwhile, the company said it would work directly with cities to address climate changes, promoting sharing trips and other means of transportation. 8. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Ride-sharing becomes a new trend that can’t be avoided. B. Ride-sharing industry is met with criticism. C. Ride-sharing services increase pollution. D. Ride-sharing services need improvement. 9. The term “deadheading” in the passage refers to ________. A. a driving process where the driver is not carrying passengers B. a potential risk that the driver may lose control of the vehicle C. a period of driving hours when vehicles produce more carbon dioxide D. a situation in which a driver has too many passengers to pick up 10. In the eyes of Uber, the latest report is actually________. A. barking up the wrong tree B. not seeking the truth from facts C. killing two birds with one stone D. beating around the bush 11. From the study of ride-sharing services, we can infer that ________. A. Ride-sharing attracts exactly the same number of people as traditional means of transport. B. the study was conducted to prove the influence of ride-sharing services on modern cities C. ride-sharing service is not an environmentally friendly way to travel D. the new report has forced Uber to make big changes to achieve its goal 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。研究发现，共享汽车的使用反而增加了污染。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study has found that ride-sharing services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation”。一项新的研究发现，共享汽车服务比其它类型的私人或公共交通造成的污染要大得多。第一段点明了文章的主旨，即共享汽车造成的污染更大，故选C项。 【9题详解】 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car. This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests, are on the way to pick up passengers. This situation, known as "deadheading,"”他们给出的导致这一结果的最大原因之一是共享汽车经常会空驶。这种情况要么发生在司机等单时，要么发生在前去接乘客时。这种情况被称为“空驶”。所以deadheading指的是司机没有载乘客情况下的驾驶。故选A项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Both Uber and Lyft have said in the past that most studies on the subject overstate the effects of their services on pollution.” Uber和Lyft公司过去都曾说过，关于这一主题的大多数研究都夸大了其服务对环境污染的影响。所以Uber公司认为这个研究不实事求是。故选B项。 11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now "result in a 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they replace.” 研究人员报告称，总体而言，目前共享汽车出行比它们所替代的出行服务平均多产生了69%的污染。可知，共享汽车并不是环保的出行方式。故选C项。 五、（辽宁省联合体2024-2025学年高三上学期11月期中）语法填空 Chinese hit video game Black Myth: Wukong has taken the gaming world by storm, 56 （sell） more than 10 million copies across all platforms in just three days after its official release on Aug. 20. 57 （adapt） from the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West, “Black Myth: Wukong”, received critical praise for its high quality, setting a new record for Chinese games 58 major platforms and currently ranking second in the historical peak number of online players for all games on Steam. As an action role-playing game, players of Black Myth: Wukong assume the role of a “person of destiny”, embarking on a dangerous and wonderful journey 59 （discover） the truth behind ancient legends. Featuring 60 rich and immersive combat system, the game allows players to master various staff 61 （technique） and combine them with a wide series of spells, transformations, talents, and weapons to find a fighting style that 62 （suit） them best. Although the game’s massive popularity in China can partly be due to national 63 （familiar） with Journey to the West, the fact that it has captivated international audiences, many of 64 lack this cultural background, suggests that Black Myth WuKong is on the right path. Some enthusiasts 65 （collect） over 200 pages of background material in the past few days to help international players understand the story’s deep cultural roots. 【答案】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国现在最热门的游戏《黑色神话：悟空》。 56. selling考查非谓语动词。句意：国产热门游戏《黑神话：悟空》在正式发布后的三天内，在8月20日销售超过了一千万份，震惊了整个游戏界。主语 Chinese hit video game Black Myth: Wukong 和动词sell之间存在主动关系，故填 selling. 57. Adapted 考查非谓语动词。句意：“改编自中国经典小说《西游记》的《黑色神话：悟空》，这款备受期待的游戏，因其高质量而受到好评，在各大平台上创下了中国游戏的新纪录，目前排名第二，在Steam上的玩家达到历史高峰。”动词adapt与主语 this long anticipated game 存在被动关系且位于句首，故填Adapted。 58. on考查介词。句意：…创下中国游戏在这个主要平台上的新纪录，目前在 Steam上所有游戏的历史在线玩家峰值排名第二。与platform 搭配，在…平台上，故填 on. 59. to discover 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一款动作角色扮演游戏，黑色神话：悟空的玩家扮演了一个“命运之人”的角色，踏上了一段危险而奇妙的旅程去揭示古代传说背后真相。根据句意此处为非谓语动词且表目的，故填 to discover. 60. a考查冠词。“以一种丰富而身临其境的战斗系统为特点…”system为可数名词且表示泛指，rich为辅音音素开头，故填 a。 61. techniques 考查名词的数。句意：“…游戏允许玩家掌握各种技能…”technique表示技能为可数名词，故填 techniques。 62. suits 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“…并将它们与一系列广泛的法术、变形、才能和武器结合起来，找到最适合他们的战斗风格”。that引导定语从句，先行词为style在定语从句中做主语为单数，且根据前文应用一般现在时。故填suits. 63. familiarity 考查词性转换。句意：“尽管这款游戏在中国大规模的受欢迎部分原因是因为大家对《西游记》的熟悉，但这款游戏同时也吸引了国际观众（且他们多数人缺乏这种文化背景）这一事实表明，《黑神话：悟空》是走在了正确的道路上”设空出位于形容词 national后应用名词形式，故填 familiarity. 64. whom 考查连词。句意：“事实上，它吸引了国际观众，其中许多人缺乏这种文化背景，这表明《黑神话：悟空》正走在正确的道路上。”设空处引导定语从句，先行词为 audiences且前面有介词，故填 whom. 65. have collected 考查谓语动词。句意“一些爱好者在最近几天里收集了超过200页的背景材料，以帮助国际玩家理解故事深厚的文化根源。”设空处是谓语动词且根据时间状语 in the past few days，主语为复数形式，故填 have collected. 六、（河北省邯郸市三龙育华中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一次月考）读后续写 Pembral was a good boy. But he was always forgetting things. Big things, small things, important things, little things. His mother was a patient woman, which was a good thing. Pembral regularly tested her patience. She learned early on to remind him of everything: big things, small things, important things, even the little things. Once in a while the little things that didn’t seem important at the time became more important later. Sometimes she thought that Pembral forgot things on purpose — things like washing behind his ears; or picking up his toys; or feeding the dog. It bothered (麻烦) her to remind him of these sorts of things. However, for the most part, she knew that his mind just wandered off and it was her job to bring it back. Fall weather had arrived. The air was cool and fresh, especially in the morning, even if the skies were brilliant blue and the sun was shining brightly. The light of the morning made wisps (缕) of fog come up from the ponds. The trees were changing their summer greens to coats of brilliant yellow, orange and red. This was a time when Pembral’s mother cooked things that smelled and tasted really good. It seemed like he was just hungrier in the fall or something, and he liked how the windows steamed up and how the kitchen smells filled up the whole house when his mother was cooking up something good at that time of the year. Pembral’s mother was baking (烤) something special that day: a carrot cake. It was one of Pembral’s favorites. But she needed some things from the store, and sent Pembral to get them. “I need eggs, sugar and raisins (葡萄干),” she said. “Here’s some money,” she went on. “Put it in your pocket where you won’t lose it.” Pembral pushed the money into his pocket, and headed toward the door. He went outside and down the street, kicking dry leaves on the sidewalk into the air and breathing in their smell, and watching flying birds. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 When he got to the store, he picked up a basket and went about shopping. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ He was reaching into his pocket for the change when his mother said, “Where are the eggs?” __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 When he got to the store, he picked up a basket and went about shopping. He found the sugar and the raisins quickly and went to the front of the store to check out. He’d forgotten all about the eggs, just thinking of the raisins and the carrot cake. Along the way back home, Pembral saw some leaves that were really big and brilliant in color, so he picked them up to give to his mother. When Pembral got home, he put the things on the table. He was reaching into his pocket for the change when his mother said, “Where are the eggs?” Pembral stopped. Eggs! He forgot the eggs! He looked at the bag, and then said sadly, “I’m sorry, Momma. I forgot.” His mother was unhappy and hurried out the door. Pembral stood still and thought about how to make his mother happy. Moments later, his mother returned. Just then he remembered the colorful leaves that he had picked up, and gave them to his mother. A smile spread on his mother’s face. She looked at Pembral and gave him a big hug. 【导语】本文以Pembral爱忘事为线索，讲述了Pembral从小就爱忘事，他的妈妈无时无刻不提醒他。有一次，妈妈做蛋糕需要一些食材，就派Pembral去买，不出所料，Pembral忘了买鸡蛋，这让妈妈很生气，而不得不自己再跑回店里去买鸡蛋。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当他到达商店，他拿起篮子就开始购物”可知，本段可以写Pembral在商店购物的情景，但是却忘了买鸡蛋。在回家的路上捡了一些秋天美丽的落叶准备送给妈妈。 ②由第二段首句内容“他将手伸进口袋摸零钱时，他妈妈突然说：‘鸡蛋呢’？”可知，本段可以写Pembral忘记了买鸡蛋，这让妈妈很生气而不得不自己再去店里买。妈妈回来时，Pembral将自己捡的落叶送给妈妈，妈妈便不再生气了。 2.续写线索：开始购物→忘买鸡蛋→在回家路上捡落叶→回家发现没买鸡蛋→妈妈不得不自己去买→将落叶送给妈妈，逗妈妈开心。 3.词汇激活： 行为类： 回来：return/come back 想起：remember/think of/recall 看到：see/catch sight of/sth. come into view 情感类： 伤心地：sadly/sorrowfully/heart-brokenly 高兴的：happy/delighted/cheerful/glad 不开心的：unhappy/upset/unpleasant 【点睛】 【高分句型1】 He’d forgotten all about the eggs, just thinking of the raisins and the carrot cake.（运用了现在分词作状语。） 【高分句型2】 Along the way back home, Pembral saw some leaves that were really big and brilliant in color, so he picked them up to give to his mother.（运用了that引导定语从句。） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Discovering Useful Structures 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 目 录 Lead-in Practice and Apply Observe and Discover Summary Learning objectives: At the end of this lesson, students are able to: 1. To learn the present perfect continuous tense 2. To practice the present perfect continuous tense by completing some exercises Lead-in： This is the adventure that I have been dreaming of. (diary 1, Para. 1) We are now camped on the rice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt. (diary 2, Para. 3) We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. (diary 3, Para. 1) Look at the sentences below and think what is the tense of each sentence. present perfect continuous tense (现在完成进行时) Observe and Discover： 基本结构：“have / has been + 现在分词” 基本含义：表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，可能刚刚停止，也可能仍在继续。 Present Past Future present perfect continuous tense (现在完成进行时) Observe and Discover： Past Present Future He is visiting the doctor. have / has been + v-ing We use present perfect continuous tense for actions that started in the past and continue in the present. You have been saying that for five years. I’m fed up with it. Observe and Discover： Past Present Future have / has been + v-ing We use present perfect continuous tense for actions that started in the past and have just finished but have consequences in the present. Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. Observe and Discover： 基本概念 ① We have been waiting for you for half an hour. ② The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 我们已经等你半个钟头了。 中国有2000年的造纸历史。 （动作刚终止，不再继续下去） （动作还将继续下去） 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，这个动作可能刚终止，也可能还在进行。 1. We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 2. The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 3. I have been learning English since three years ago. The usage of the tense (1) ①现在完成进行时态表示动作还未结束，还要继续 下去。其动作是否继续下去，则由上下文而定。这个时态多用于 动词，如live, learn, lie, stay, sit, wait, stand, rest, study等，并常和all the time, this week/month, all night/morning, recently, these few days, in the past + 时间, several times等时间状语以及 连用(与since和for连用时，动作常会继续下去)。 持续 延续性 since + 时间点 for + 时间段 Do you know CCTV 9? Yes, it has been broadcasting English programs since 2000. Do you know CCTV 9? Yes, it has been broadcasting English programs since 2000 2000 future now broadcast broadcast 强调动作的持续性 1. All these days he has been writing articles to our magazine. 2. He has been promising to help you. Hasn’t he done it? 3. I _______________ (take) part in races for about four years. 4. Jack _______________ (phone) Jane every night for the last week. ②表示动作并不是一直不停地进行，而是在断断续续地 。 have been taking has been phoning The usage of the tense (2) 重复 Gosh, is anybody in it? I have been knocking at the door for half an hour! Gosh, is anybody in it? I have been knocking at the door for half an hour! past future now knock knock knock 强调动作的重复性 1. Tom has always been working hard. 2. You have been coughing a lot lately! 3. What have you been doing to my dictionary? ③带有 ，使语言表达更加生动。 What kind of emotion does the writer express in these sentences? 赞许 关切 不满 The usage of the tense (3) 感情色彩 Oh, you have come at last! I have been waiting for you for two hours. Here you are! Sorry. i'm late. Oh, you have come at last! I have been waiting for you for two hours. Here you are! Sorry. i'm late. past future now wait 表示强烈的感情色彩 Look at the sentences from the text and discuss the function of the tense. 表示动作从过去某时开始一直到说话时还在进行或可能还要继续下去。 表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。 P38 ...this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of. P38 We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive. P39 We have been struggling for days, but... 表示某种强烈的感情色彩,如：赞赏、批评、愤怒、失望等。 Functions of the tense. ①He has been writing a novel, which will be finished next month. ②He has written a novel, which is being prepared to come out now. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 ③I have been visiting my hometown recently, and it impresses me differently each time. ④I have visited my hometown recently, whose changes have left a deep impression on me. A:比较句子①②，___________________强调动作未完成；而___________________强调动作已经结束。 has\have been doing has\have done B:比较句子③④，_________________强调动作的重复，___________可以表示一次性动作。 has\have been doing has\have done Compare and find a finished action an unfinished action C: 比较句子⑤⑥，____________________表示一种感情色彩；_____________则陈述一种事实。 ⑤Recently she has always been helping me. ⑥Recently she has helped me a lot. has\have been doing has\have done D: 比较句子⑦⑧_____________________强调动作行为的结果、影响，而_______________________ 只强调动作行为本身。 ⑦The repairman has been repairing the car all the afternoon. ⑧The repairman has repaired your car, and you can have it now. has\have been doing has\have done ⭐有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时，这些动词为： 状态动词：be，have，exist； 情感动词：like，love，hate； 感官动词：see，hear，know，feel，sound； 短暂性动词：finish，marry，get up，come，go 等。 I have known him for years. They have finished the work. Observe and Discover： Observe and Discover： Observe and Discover： Observe and Discover： result or activity ? My hands are very dirty. l've been repairing my bike. My bike is OK again now. l've repaired it. Observe and Discover： 现在完成进行时的句子，需要动作行为具有延续性的特点。所以不具有延续性的动词不适用于现在完成进行时。例如： go come marry die finish start like love hate want need stop prefer know mean realize understand seem believe remember belong contain consist … Observe and Discover： 现在完成进行时陈述句、一般疑问句和简单句的简单回答： 陈述句 一般疑问句 简单回答 I / We / You / They have (not) been working ... He / She / It has (not) been working ... Have I / we / you / they been working …? Has he / she / it been working ...? Yes, I / we / you / they have. No, I / we / you / they haven’t. Yes, he / she / it has. No, he / she / it hasn’t. Read each situation and rewrite each sentence using the present perfect continuous tense. (P41 E2) Practice and Apply： Steve started to play rugby (英式橄榄球运动) at the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Timmy is holding a table tennis bat (球拍) and his short hair is damp (微湿的；潮湿的) with sweat. He looks a little tired after playing table tennis for two hours. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Steve has been playing rugby since the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player. Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He looks a little tired because he has been playing table tennis for two hours. Practice and Apply： Diane hasn’t got much sleep this week. She looks terrible today. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ I tried to phone you this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Diane hasn’t been sleeping well this week. She looks terrible today. I have been trying to phone you this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here. Did this action start from the past and last / repeat till now? Is it likely that this action will continue in the future? Is the speaker expressing strong emotion in this sentence? Is the speaker trying to emphasise the action has lasted long? Thinking Time Complete the sentences below using the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. Then explain your reasons to your partner. Practice and Apply： For the whole morning, the board of directors _______________ (discuss) the resolution to increase wages in the coming year. Jason’s only recreation is painting. He ______________ (learn) how to paint for over five years. Even though we lost the game, we should be proud of ourselves because we ______ (try) our best and _______ (work) as a team. has been discussing has been learning tried worked Practice and Apply： He finally ________ (finish) the research paper under his tutor’s guidance. My nephew Sam _________________ (collect) comic books since he was five. Now he has more than two hundred of them. The company __________________________________ (launch) an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image. is launching / has launched / launched finished has been collecting Practice and Apply： Interview your partner about the things that he / she has been doing. (P41 E4) Useful questions: Do you have any hobbies or interests? How long have you been learning / playing ...? What have you been doing recently? Sample Conversation A: Do you have any hobbies? B: Sure. I have several hobbies such as table tennis, photography, and kite flying. But my favourite hobby is playing the guitar. A: How long have you been learning the guitar? B: I have been learning the guitar since I was eight years old. I saw a video of someone playing and I fell in love with it. A: That’s great. Summary： 现在完成进行时 结构 用法 时间状语 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 have/has + been + doing 1.表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，甚至将来，强调进行的过程。 2.表示从过去到现在的一段时间反复进行的动作或存在的状态。 all the time this week all night these few days for…, since… 动作是否有延续性 是否表示动作重复性 Discovering Useful Structures 新人教选择性必修三 Unit 4 Thank You ! eq \x(\a\al(现在完成,进行时)) eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(基本含义,基本结构,与现在完成时的区别,只可用于现在完成时的动词)) $$