阅读理解-说明文（科普和现代技术）-专项训练卷 吉林省高职分类考试《英语考纲百套卷》第71卷（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：吉林省高职分类考试《英语考纲百套卷》，依据教育部2020年发布的中职英语学科课程标准编写，本套试卷共98份。第一部分是按课程标准编写的43份知识点训练卷，第二部分是不同题型编写的八个内容，45份专题训练卷，第三部分是按照课程标准编写的10套综合训练卷。 本试卷是吉林省高职分类考试《英语考纲百套卷》的第71卷，是阅读理解专项训练卷。本试卷覆盖了说明文中的科普和现代技术。按课程标准编写。 吉林省高职分类考试《英语考纲百套卷》 第71卷 说明文（科普和现代技术） 专项训练卷 考试时间60分钟 满分40分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Breathing in air pollution could change our brain. A new study shows that car fumes (尾气)can change how our brain is wired — how parts of the brain are connected (连接) with each other. Researchers from the University of British Columbia in Canada found that car fumes can change our brain’s connectivity in just two hours. Professor Chris Carlsten, was surprised at what he found. He said, “For many years, scientists thought the brain might be protected from the harmful effects of air pollution.” He added, “This study, which is the first of its kind in the world, supports a connection between air pollution and thinking.” The traffic pollution study was on 25 adults. The researchers asked the adults to breathe in car fumes in a laboratory for two hours. The research team got images of their brains on a computer by X-rays. The images showed that networks in the brain that we use for thinking and remembering changed. There were fewer connections between the networks. Another professor said the research was worrying. She said, “It’s worrying to see traffic pollution disrupting (干扰) these networks.” The researchers said there needed to be more research to see the way car fumes change our brain. They also advised people to close car windows when in traffic. The brains of the 25 people returned to normal after they breathed clean air. 1．Scientists used to think that ________. A．car fumes were harmful to adults B．clean air helped people think clearly C．air pollution might do no damage to the brain D．parts of the brain were connected with each other 2．What is the finding of the research from the University of British Columbia? ________. A．It’s important for people to reduce air pollution. B．It’s impossible for the brains to return to normal. C．The brain can be protected from the effects of air pollution. D．Car fumes reduce the connections between brain networks. 3．Further research may be done on ________. A．how to make full use of X-rays B．how car fumes change people’s brain C．the cause of air pollution in the world D．the relationship between cars and pollution 4．What did the researchers suggest? ________. A．We should try to keep the air clean. B．We should remember how our brain works. C．We should close car windows when driving. D．We should examine the images of our brains. 5．Where is the text most likely from? ________. A．A magazine. B．A dictionary. C．A poster. D．A notice. All over the world the need for more laptops and computers increases each year. Networks have been part of our life. Probably everyone with a portable device (移动设备) has once logged on to a public WiFi network without paying for it, while they are having a coffee, on a train, in a shopping mall or at a hotel. However, is this kind of public WiFi network safe? Some networks are better protected than others because encryption (加密) methods are used. Therefore, they are safer than others. But years ago, a survey showed that more than 950 million records were not protected, including addresses, emails, birth dates, phone numbers, passwords and so on. These open WiFi networks are really not safe because it is very easy for hackers (黑客) to break into the operating system (操作系统) and get people’s private information. Most smart phones and laptops, by themselves, search and connect to WiFi networks. They usually prefer a network with a connection that has been used before. Hackers’ devices are able to record these searches and look like the trusted WiFi networks. When these smart phones and laptops log on to the networks which are not real, hackers can easily steal their private information. So next time, when we want to use our laptops or smart phones in public places which offer free WiFi networks, please think it twice or take safe measures before using them. 6．Hackers can’t probably get ________ when we connect our laptops or smart phones to a public WiFi network. A．our passwords B．our birth dates C．our smart phones D．our phone numbers 7．Why do people like to log on to public WiFi networks? ________. A．Because they can provide useful information. B．Because they are safe. C．Because the owners of the WiFi networks are polite. D．Because they don’t need to pay for them. 8．What can we learn from the passage? ________. A．None of the WiFi networks are safe. B．Not all of the public WiFi networks are safe. C．More than 950 million records were protected. D．We have no way to protect our own information. 9．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? ________. A．Public WiFi Networks, a Possible Danger B．Don’t Use Public WiFi Networks C．No Need to Protect Our Private Information D．Why Hackers Break into the Operating System 10．How do you think to keep our portable devices safe? ________. A．We can use our laptops and smart phones without worrying. B．We choose to use public WiFi networks which are free. C．We’d better think it twice or take measures before we use public WiFi networks. D．We only log on to our own WiFi networks. As a teenager of the digital era, it is really hard to say no to fantastic electronic gadgets. Many of us can’t get through a day without using our mobile phones or checking our e-mails. No matter if we’re “@ home”, “@ school” or “@ play”, living without technological toys seems more and more unthinkable. However, although gadgets bring convenience, many of us can start to feel stressed out by them. And, a lot of electronics are fairly expensive. Fashionable gadgets come and go in the digital age in the blink of any eye. So, think twice before you pull out your wallet. Here are some of the most popular gadgets and their pros and cons: Laptop computers Pros: Laptops have made our lives much easier. You can take your books, movies, music and homework everywhere. Cons: They cost at least 4,000 yuan! If you only want to share photos or games with your friends, then a flash memory stick is a great cheap alternative. Video MP3 players Pros: As well as carrying your favorite music,a video MP3 player can play up to 150 hours of movies and TV programs. Cons: The price—sometimes more than 2,000 yuan—is the first concern. Secondly, though music is really important to young people, ask yourself if video is really necessary. Besides, a loud volume of a MP3 player is bad for your hearing. Mobile phones Pros: Some can be used as a radio. Some can also send and receive e-mails. Cons: Always trying to keep up with the latest model can be a waste of money. There are always new, improved phones coming out. Don’t be a fool. Do you really need all these functions? Think twice before you buy. 11．In the first paragraph, the writer tells us electronic gadgets ________. A．are important and convenient for us B．bring us convenience and stress C．make us feel stressed out D．cost us lots of money 12．The writer introduces ________ kinds of electronic gadgets. A．two B．three C．four D．more than four 13．Why does the writer say “Think twice before you buy” in the last paragraph? ________. A．Because gadgets are very expensive. B．Because there are many kinds of gadgets. C．Because maybe it is a waste of money to catch up with the latest model. D．You don’t need them at all. 14．If you want to take your books, movies and homework everywhere, you can buy a ________. A．laptop computer B．MP3 player C．new mobile phone D．digital camera 15．Loud volume is bad for our ________. A．eyesight B．sleeping C．hearing D．memory Years ago, scientists knew many things about the moon. They knew how big it is and how far away from the earth. But they wanted to know more about it. The moon is about 384,000 kilometers away from the earth. A plane cannot fly to the moon because the air reaches only 240 kilometers away from the earth. But something can fly even when there is no air. That is a rocket. How does a rocket fly? There is gas in the rocket (火箭). When the gas is made very hot inside the rocket, it will rush out of the end of the rocket, so it can make the rocket fly up into the sky. Rockets with men have been to the moon. Several rockets without men have flown to another planet much farther away than the moon. One day rockets may be able to go to any place in space. 16．Scientists have known ________ the moon is. A．how old B．how big C．how long D．how heavy 17．The earth is about 384,000 kilometers away from the ________. A．sun B．space C．moon D．satellites 18．A plane cannot fly to the moon because ________. A．there is not enough gas in the plane B．the plane is not strong enough C．there is no air above 240 kilometers away from the earth D．it’s too far away from the earth 19．Several rockets without men have flown to ________. A．the sun B．the earth C．all the stars D．another planet 20．What is the best title of this passage? ________. A．Flying to the Moon B．How Does a Rocket Fly? C．Flying to the Stars D．Another Satellite of the Sun 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：吉林省高职分类考试《英语考纲百套卷》，依据教育部2020年发布的中职英语学科课程标准编写，本套试卷共98份。第一部分是按课程标准编写的43份知识点训练卷，第二部分是不同题型编写的八个内容，45份专题训练卷，第三部分是按照课程标准编写的10套综合训练卷。 本试卷是吉林省高职分类考试《英语考纲百套卷》的第71卷，是阅读理解专项训练卷。本试卷覆盖了说明文中的科普和现代技术。按课程标准编写。 吉林省高职分类考试《英语考纲百套卷》 第71卷 说明文（科普和现代技术） 专项训练卷 考试时间60分钟 满分40分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 1、 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Breathing in air pollution could change our brain. A new study shows that car fumes (尾气)can change how our brain is wired — how parts of the brain are connected (连接) with each other. Researchers from the University of British Columbia in Canada found that car fumes can change our brain’s connectivity in just two hours. Professor Chris Carlsten, was surprised at what he found. He said, “For many years, scientists thought the brain might be protected from the harmful effects of air pollution.” He added, “This study, which is the first of its kind in the world, supports a connection between air pollution and thinking.” The traffic pollution study was on 25 adults. The researchers asked the adults to breathe in car fumes in a laboratory for two hours. The research team got images of their brains on a computer by X-rays. The images showed that networks in the brain that we use for thinking and remembering changed. There were fewer connections between the networks. Another professor said the research was worrying. She said, “It’s worrying to see traffic pollution disrupting (干扰) these networks.” The researchers said there needed to be more research to see the way car fumes change our brain. They also advised people to close car windows when in traffic. The brains of the 25 people returned to normal after they breathed clean air. 1．Scientists used to think that ________. A．car fumes were harmful to adults B．clean air helped people think clearly C．air pollution might do no damage to the brain D．parts of the brain were connected with each other 2．What is the finding of the research from the University of British Columbia? ________. A．It’s important for people to reduce air pollution. B．It’s impossible for the brains to return to normal. C．The brain can be protected from the effects of air pollution. D．Car fumes reduce the connections between brain networks. 3．Further research may be done on ________. A．how to make full use of X-rays B．how car fumes change people’s brain C．the cause of air pollution in the world D．the relationship between cars and pollution 4．What did the researchers suggest? ________. A．We should try to keep the air clean. B．We should remember how our brain works. C．We should close car windows when driving. D．We should examine the images of our brains. 5．Where is the text most likely from? ________. A．A magazine. B．A dictionary. C．A poster. D．A notice. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍吸入污染的空气可能会改变我们的大脑。 1．细节理解题。根据“scientists thought the brain might be protected from the harmful effects of air pollution (科学家们认为大脑可能不受空气污染的有害影响。)”可知，科学家们曾经认为空气污染可能对大脑没有损害。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Researchers from the University of British Columbia in Canada found that car fumes can change our brain’s connectivity in just two hours. (加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学的研究人员发现，汽车尾气在短短两小时内就会改变我们的大脑连接。)”及“There were fewer connections between the networks. (网络之间的连接变少了。)”可知，汽车尾气减少大脑网络之间的连接。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“The researchers said there needed to be more research to see the way car fumes change our brain. (研究人员表示，需要更多的研究来了解汽车尾气如何改变我们的大脑。)”可知，接下来会研究汽车尾气如何改变人们的大脑。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“They also advised people to close car windows when in traffic. (他们还建议人们在堵车时关闭车窗。)”可知，建议人们驾驶时关闭车窗。故选C。 5．推理判断题。文中介绍吸入污染的空气可能会改变我们的大脑。结合所给的选项可知，这篇文章有可能来自杂志。故选A。 All over the world the need for more laptops and computers increases each year. Networks have been part of our life. Probably everyone with a portable device (移动设备) has once logged on to a public WiFi network without paying for it, while they are having a coffee, on a train, in a shopping mall or at a hotel. However, is this kind of public WiFi network safe? Some networks are better protected than others because encryption (加密) methods are used. Therefore, they are safer than others. But years ago, a survey showed that more than 950 million records were not protected, including addresses, emails, birth dates, phone numbers, passwords and so on. These open WiFi networks are really not safe because it is very easy for hackers (黑客) to break into the operating system (操作系统) and get people’s private information. Most smart phones and laptops, by themselves, search and connect to WiFi networks. They usually prefer a network with a connection that has been used before. Hackers’ devices are able to record these searches and look like the trusted WiFi networks. When these smart phones and laptops log on to the networks which are not real, hackers can easily steal their private information. So next time, when we want to use our laptops or smart phones in public places which offer free WiFi networks, please think it twice or take safe measures before using them. 6．Hackers can’t probably get ________ when we connect our laptops or smart phones to a public WiFi network. A．our passwords B．our birth dates C．our smart phones D．our phone numbers 7．Why do people like to log on to public WiFi networks? ________. A．Because they can provide useful information. B．Because they are safe. C．Because the owners of the WiFi networks are polite. D．Because they don’t need to pay for them. 8．What can we learn from the passage? ________. A．None of the WiFi networks are safe. B．Not all of the public WiFi networks are safe. C．More than 950 million records were protected. D．We have no way to protect our own information. 9．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? ________. A．Public WiFi Networks, a Possible Danger B．Don’t Use Public WiFi Networks C．No Need to Protect Our Private Information D．Why Hackers Break into the Operating System 10．How do you think to keep our portable devices safe? ________. A．We can use our laptops and smart phones without worrying. B．We choose to use public WiFi networks which are free. C．We’d better think it twice or take measures before we use public WiFi networks. D．We only log on to our own WiFi networks. 【答案】6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了公共WiFi网络的安全问题。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“But years ago, a survey showed that more than 950 million records were not protected, including addresses, emails, birth dates, phone numbers, passwords and so on. (但多年前的一项调查显示，超过9.5亿条记录未受到保护，包括地址、电子邮件、出生日期、电话号码、密码等。)”可知，黑客能通过侵入未受保护的公共 WiFi 网络获取诸如地址、电子邮箱、出生日期、电话号码、密码等私人信息，而“our smart phones (我们的智能手机)”本身是设备，不是黑客通过连接公共 WiFi 网络能获取到的信息内容。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据第一段“Probably everyone with a portable device (移动设备) has once logged on to a public WiFi network without paying for it, while they are having a coffee, on a train, in a shopping mall or at a hotel. (可能每个拥有移动设备的人都曾经在喝咖啡、在火车上、在购物中心或在酒店时无需付费就登录过公共WiFi网络。)”可知，人们喜欢登录公共WiFi网络的原因是不需要付费。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段“These open WiFi networks are really not safe because it is very easy for hackers (黑客) to break into the operating system (操作系统) and get people’s private information. (这些开放的WiFi网络确实不安全，因为黑客很容易侵入操作系统并获取人们的私人信息。)”可知，并非所有公共WiFi网络都是安全的。故选B。 9．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕公共WiFi网络展开，主要阐述了其存在安全隐患，黑客可借此窃取私人信息等问题，A选项“Public WiFi Networks, a Possible Danger (公共WiFi网络，一种潜在的危险)”能很好地概括文章主题。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“So next time, when we want to use our laptops or smart phones in public places which offer free WiFi networks, please think it twice or take safe measures before using them. (因此，下次当我们想在提供免费WiFi网络的公共场所使用笔记本电脑或智能手机时，请三思而后行，或者在使用前采取安全措施。)”可知，我们在使用公共WiFi网络之前最好三思而行或采取措施。故选C。 As a teenager of the digital era, it is really hard to say no to fantastic electronic gadgets. Many of us can’t get through a day without using our mobile phones or checking our e-mails. No matter if we’re “@ home”, “@ school” or “@ play”, living without technological toys seems more and more unthinkable. However, although gadgets bring convenience, many of us can start to feel stressed out by them. And, a lot of electronics are fairly expensive. Fashionable gadgets come and go in the digital age in the blink of any eye. So, think twice before you pull out your wallet. Here are some of the most popular gadgets and their pros and cons: Laptop computers Pros: Laptops have made our lives much easier. You can take your books, movies, music and homework everywhere. Cons: They cost at least 4,000 yuan! If you only want to share photos or games with your friends, then a flash memory stick is a great cheap alternative. Video MP3 players Pros: As well as carrying your favorite music,a video MP3 player can play up to 150 hours of movies and TV programs. Cons: The price—sometimes more than 2,000 yuan—is the first concern. Secondly, though music is really important to young people, ask yourself if video is really necessary. Besides, a loud volume of a MP3 player is bad for your hearing. Mobile phones Pros: Some can be used as a radio. Some can also send and receive e-mails. Cons: Always trying to keep up with the latest model can be a waste of money. There are always new, improved phones coming out. Don’t be a fool. Do you really need all these functions? Think twice before you buy. 11．In the first paragraph, the writer tells us electronic gadgets ________. A．are important and convenient for us B．bring us convenience and stress C．make us feel stressed out D．cost us lots of money 12．The writer introduces ________ kinds of electronic gadgets. A．two B．three C．four D．more than four 13．Why does the writer say “Think twice before you buy” in the last paragraph? ________. A．Because gadgets are very expensive. B．Because there are many kinds of gadgets. C．Because maybe it is a waste of money to catch up with the latest model. D．You don’t need them at all. 14．If you want to take your books, movies and homework everywhere, you can buy a ________. A．laptop computer B．MP3 player C．new mobile phone D．digital camera 15．Loud volume is bad for our ________. A．eyesight B．sleeping C．hearing D．memory 【答案】11．B 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了信息时代三类电子产品的利弊，提醒人们在购买这些电子产品时要理性思考。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, although gadgets bring convenience, many of us can start to feel stressed out by them. (然而，尽管电子产品带来了便利，但我们许多人开始因为它们而感到压力重重。)”可知，在第一段中，作者告诉我们电子产品给我们带来便利和压力。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“Here are some of the most popular gadgets and their pros and cons: (以下是一些最受欢迎的电子产品及其优缺点：)”和“Laptop computers (笔记本电脑)、Video MP3 players (视频MP3播放器)、Mobile phones (手机)”可知，作者介绍了3种电子产品。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据“Always trying to keep up with the latest model can be a waste of money. (总是尽力买最新款可能会浪费钱。)”和“Think twice before you buy. (购买前请三思。)”可知，作者说“购买前请三思”是因为买最新款可能是一种浪费钱的行为。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Laptops have made our lives much easier. You can take your books, movies, music and homework everywhere. (笔记本电脑让我们的生活变得更加轻松。你可以随身携带你的书籍、电影、音乐和作业。)”可知，如果你想把你的书、电影和作业带到任何地方，你可以买一台笔记本电脑。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据第六段“Besides, a loud volume of a MP3 player is bad for your hearing. (此外，MP3播放器音量过大对听力有害。)”可知，音量过大对我们的听力有害。故选C。 Years ago, scientists knew many things about the moon. They knew how big it is and how far away from the earth. But they wanted to know more about it. The moon is about 384,000 kilometers away from the earth. A plane cannot fly to the moon because the air reaches only 240 kilometers away from the earth. But something can fly even when there is no air. That is a rocket. How does a rocket fly? There is gas in the rocket (火箭). When the gas is made very hot inside the rocket, it will rush out of the end of the rocket, so it can make the rocket fly up into the sky. Rockets with men have been to the moon. Several rockets without men have flown to another planet much farther away than the moon. One day rockets may be able to go to any place in space. 16．Scientists have known ________ the moon is. A．how old B．how big C．how long D．how heavy 17．The earth is about 384,000 kilometers away from the ________. A．sun B．space C．moon D．satellites 18．A plane cannot fly to the moon because ________. A．there is not enough gas in the plane B．the plane is not strong enough C．there is no air above 240 kilometers away from the earth D．it’s too far away from the earth 19．Several rockets without men have flown to ________. A．the sun B．the earth C．all the stars D．another planet 20．What is the best title of this passage? ________. A．Flying to the Moon B．How Does a Rocket Fly? C．Flying to the Stars D．Another Satellite of the Sun 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．C 19．D 20．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了关于月球一些信息及人类登月的相关情况。 16．细节理解题。根据第一段“They knew how big it is and how far away from the earth. (他们知道它有多大，离地球有多远。)”可知，科学家们已经知道月球有多大。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“The moon is about 384,000 kilometers away from the earth. (月球距离地球约38.4万公里。)”可知，月球距离地球约38.4万公里，反过来说就是地球距离月球约38.4万公里。故选C。 18．细节理解题。根据第二段“A plane cannot fly to the moon because the air reaches only 240 kilometers away from the earth. (飞机不能飞到月球，因为空气只能到达距离地球240公里的地方。)”可知，是因为空气只能到达距离地球240公里的地方，可推知在距离地球240公里以上是没有空气。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Several rockets without men have flown to another planet much farther away than the moon. (几架无人火箭已经飞到比月球远得多的另一颗行星上。)”可知，几架无人火箭已经飞到比月球远得多的另一颗行星上。故选D。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了月球的有关信息及人类登月的情况，A选项“Flying to the Moon (飞向月球)”符合文意。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$