第2部分 专题6 介词(课件PPT)-【众相原创·赋能中考】2025年中考英语课堂精讲册（人教版 河北专用）

2025河北 英 语 课堂精讲册 1 第二部分 语法知识精讲练 一、词类 专题六 介词 （完形填空：8年5考；词语运用：8年7考） 2 中考解读：介词是河北近8年中考的必考点，在完形填空中 考查介词（短语）词义辨析；在词语运用中考查介词盲填。 3 考点1 介词的基本用法 考点讲解 ►时间介词 1.at， on与in 4 介词 用法 示例 at 用在具体某个时刻前 at 7:00 用在正午、午夜前 at noon, at midnight on 用在具体某天前（日期或星期几） on June 1st, on Tuesday 用在具体某天上午、下午、晚上前 on a cold morning 用在具体节日当天前 on National Day 5 介词 用法 示例 in （2024. 31） 后接较长的一段时间（如世纪、年 份、季节、月份等） in the 21st century, in summer 用在泛指的上午、下午、晚上前 in the morning/afternoon/ evening 续表 6 介词 用法 示例 in （2024. 31） in+一段时间,在将来时态中表示 “在……后”； in+一段时间,在其它时态中表示 “在……内” in an hour, in two days 用于固定搭配 in the future 续表 7 2.before与after 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 before 在……之前 before 11:00 after 在……之后，与一般将 来时连用时,后接时间点 He’ll come back after 11:00. 在……之后,与一般过去 时连用时,后接时间段 He came back from Canada after three weeks. 8 3.for与since 介词 用法 例句 for “for+时间段”表示动作延续一段 时间，主句常用现在完成时 I have lived in Nanning for two years. 9 介词 用法 例句 since “since+时间点/since+一段时间 +ago/since+句子（一般过去 时）”意为“自……以来”，表示从过去某个时间点直至现在，主句用现在完成时 I have lived in this city since2018. I have lived in this city since five years ago. I have lived in this city since I was five years old. 续表 10 4.during， by， from与until/till 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 during 在……期间，后接时间段 during these years by 不迟于……，在……之前， 后接将来的时间点时，常与 一般将来时连用；后接过去 的时间点时，常与过去完成 时连用 It will be cool by tomorrow morning. We had learned about 1,000 wordsby the end of last term. 11 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 from 从……开始，常和表示时间 的介词to（到……， 至……）连用 from Monday toSunday 续表 12 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 until/till 用在肯定句中时，表示“直 到……为止”，谓语动词为 延续性动词；用在否定句中 时，表示“直到……才”，谓 语动词为非延续性动词 I will work here until/till 6:00. I won’t leave here until/till 6:00. 续表 13 ►方位介词（词组） 1.at， in， on与to 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 at （2020.31） 在。用于较小的地方 （如：学校、家、机场等）前 at the airport 14 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 in （2022.32, 2018.41） 在……里面 Xiaoming is in the room now. 在。用于较大的地方 （如：国家、城市、乡镇、水 域等）前 in the US in Lijiang 表示在某一地区的某方位。某 一小地点在另一大地点之内 Japan lies in the east of Asia. 续表 15 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 on 在……表面上（接触物体表 面） There is a book on the desk. 在。在广阔的平面上 on the lake 在。两地不在同一范围内，但 接壤 Vietnam is on the south of China. 续表 16 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 to 到；去；向；朝。有一定的方 向性 I went to the park this morning. 在。表示在某一地域之外且不 接壤 Japan lies to the east of China. 续表 17 【图解助记】 18 2.on， over， above， under与below 介词 含义 例句 on 在……表面上（接触物体 表面） There is a book on the desk. over 在……正上方（两者不接 触） They will build a bridge over the river. 在……上面（表示部分覆 盖或全部覆盖） She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 19 介词 含义 例句 above 在……上方（两者不接 触，也不一定垂直） He lifted his hands above his head. under 在……正下方（两者不接 触） A dog is sitting under the tree. below 在……下方（两者不接 触，也不一定垂直） There is a chair below the window. 续表 20 3.in front of与in the front of 短语 含义及用法 图解助记 in front of “在……（外部）的 前面”，其反义词为 behind ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ in the front of “在……（内部）的 前面”，其反义词为 at the back of 21 4.among与between【讲解详见本册P72】 5.across， through， over与past【讲解详见本册P21】 6.其他方位介词 outside 在……外面 inside 在……里面 near 在……附近 beside/by 在……旁边 next to 紧挨着…… towards 朝向 into 到……里面，进入 behind 在……后面 along 沿着 around 在……周围 22 ►方式介词 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 by 通过（某种方式或手段）。后 常跟动名词或名词 by asking our teacher for help “by+交通工具”意为“乘坐……” by taxi with （2019.41） 用……，后接表示工具、材 料、身体器官等的名词 Chinese often eat with chopsticks. 23 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 in （2019.28） 用……，后接表示语言、语 调、方式等的名词 in English, in a loud voice on 用……，后接表示网络、电 视、电话等的名词 on the Internet, on TV 续表 24 ►其他介词 介词 含义 示例/例句 with （2021.31） 和…… I will go to Beijing with my brother. 带有；具有 I like this house with a garden. without （2021.47） 没有；缺乏 We got there without any difficulty. 不（做某事） The teacher left without saying anything. 25 介词 含义 示例/例句 for 给；对；替 Here is a gift for you. 支持 We are for the idea. against 倚；碰；撞 The rain is beating against the windows. 对抗；和…… 竞争 Our team will play against yours this afternoon. 反对 We are against the idea. 续表 26 介词 含义 示例/例句 like 像，例如 I like eating fruit like apples. 像；与……相 似 Harry looks like his father. ……怎么样 What is your new English teacher like? 续表 27 介词 含义 示例/例句 than 比。常和比较 级连用 My cup is bigger than yours. over （数量、时 间、花费）多 于 He is over fifty. 遍及；过 （时间） all over the world 续表 28 介词 含义 示例/例句 from （2020.76） 来自 （表示来源） I come from a small city in Guangxi. 从（表示位置 或观点） You can see the island from here. about 关于 I want to know more about your life in that country. 续表 29 介词 含义 示例/例句 on 关于 a movie on animals as 作为;以……身 份 We have a job for you as a waiter. except 除了 My father works every day except Sundays. besides 除了……之外 （还有） Besides football, I like basketball. 续表 30 介词 含义 示例/例句 including 包括 Everyone can go to that party, includingyou. of 属于 （某人或某物） the window of theroom 关于 （某人或某物） a photo of my dog 续表 31 介词 含义 示例/例句 in 穿着；戴着 Lily is in a beautifuldress. 续表 介词 含义 示例/例句 past 晚于；在…… 之后；超过 a quarter past ten 经过 He hurried past them without stopping. through 以；凭借；通 过；穿过 He got what he wanted through hardwork. 续表 33 考点测验 盲填 1.（2024河北31题改编）Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start ___ ten minutes. 2.（2023河北31题改编）Many thanks ____ your gift. I love it. 3.（2021河北31题改编）I eat rice _____ beef and potatoes. It’s delicious. in for with 34 4.（2019河北28题改编）This story is ___ simple English. My little sister can read it. 5.（2017河北27题改编）Just walk down this road and you’ll see the museum ____ your right. 6.（2024福建改编）A special festival was held ____ September 23rd last year to honor the hard work of Chinese farmers. 7.（2024天津改编）We returned the books to the library ______ we read them. in on on after 35 8.My girl is so shy that she always hides herself ________ me when meeting a stranger. 9.When the light came in _________ the window, that small room suddenly became bright. 10.Last night I had an awful dream. And I kept awake _________ 6:00 a.m. behind through until/till 36 考点2 介词的固定搭配及介词短语 考点讲解 ►常用介词的固定搭配及介词短语归纳 as短语 as a result 结果;因此 as far as I know据我所知 as for 至于;关于 as usual 照例；像平常一样 such as 例如 the same as 和……相同 37 by短语 by bike 骑自行车 by hand手工 by mistake 错误地;无意中 by accident 偶然地;意外地 by the end of 到……为止 by the way 顺便一提;附带说说 by the time… 到……时候（为止） 续表 38 at短语 at birth 出生时 at first 起初 at present 目前;现在 at the age of 在……岁时 at last 最后;终于 at least 至少;不少于;起码 at most 最多;至多 at once 立即;马上 at the same time 同时;一起 续表 39 at times 有时;偶尔 at night 在晚上;在夜里 at the moment 此时;现在 at the top of… 在……顶部或顶端 at the beginning of 起先;在……开始 at the end of 在……结尾 续表 40 in短语 in all 总共 in danger 处于危险状态 in total 总共;合计 in fact 实际上;事实上 in order to/that 为了 in one’s opinion 依某人来看 in person 亲身;亲自 in public 当众;公开 续表 41 in silence 沉默;无声 in trouble 处于困境中 in the future 未来;将来 in general 通常;大体上;一般而言 in that case 既然那样;假使那样的话 续表 42 on短语 on business 出差 on show 展出 on duty 值日;值班 on foot 走路;步行 on time 准时 on sale 特价出售;减价出售 on the right/left 在右边/左边 on vacation 在度假;在假期中 on board 在船上（或飞机上、火车上） on the weekend/on weekends 在周末 续表 43 考点测验 盲填 1.Today he came to school early ____ usual. 2.He found the important letters ____ accident. 3.Blue whales are ___ danger. We should try to protect them. 4.School is closed for the summer vacation and children are ____ vacation. as by in on 44 5.____ fact, it is everyone’s duty to protect water resources well. 6.My grandpa reads newspapers for ___ least an hour a day. Sports news is his favourite. 7.Some people feel shy to express their opinions ___ public. 8.More and more people in cities choose to go to work by bike or ____ foot. 9.____ first, he seemed surprised at my questions. In at in on At 45 10.The students often go to the movies ______ weekends. 11.Tom didn’t work hard. ____ a result, he failed in the English test again. 12.At the meeting everyone sat ___ silence, without talking to each other. 13.We shouldn’t laugh at the people ___trouble. They need help to get out of trouble. on/at As in in 46 14.Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote over 1,000 poems ___ total during his life. 15.____ my opinion, doing proper exercise is good for people of different age groups. in In 47 语法知识滚动练 短文填空（2024新疆改编） Are you interested in crocheting（钩针编织）? A 68-year- old woman 1.________ Shandong Province now teaches crocheting online and offline. She has made crochet artworks 2.____ about 50 years. “It often 3.______（take） me one week to finish a crochet artwork, but I never feel bored 4.________ it,” the old woman said. from/in for takes with/of 48 There are different kinds of colorful products 5.___ the old woman’s workshop. As you can see, some of them are 6.___________（tradition） and some of them are fashionable （时尚的）. They can be used 7.____ decorations（装饰品） for homes or as toys 8.____ kids. The old woman 9.___（be） really warm-hearted. 10.____her free time, she teaches women 11._________（villager） in traditional as for is In villagers to make crochet artworks. She helps them to make 12.______ （much） money than before. The old woman has a factory 13.______ her own. Now she is doing her best to develop some new products. This old woman is a great example of how we can do what we love and help others 14.___ the same time. Her story shows it’s never too late to learn something new and share it 15._____ the world. more of/on at with 51 $$