第2部分 专题2 动词(课件PPT)-【众相原创·赋能中考】2025年中考英语课堂精讲册（人教版 河北专用）

2025河北 英 语 课堂精讲册 1 第二部分 语法知识精讲练 一、词类 专题二 动词 （完形填空：8年27考；词语运用：8年14考） 2 中考解读：动词是河北近8年中考的必考点，在完形填空中 考查动词（短语）词义辨析；在词语运用中考查动词原形变第三 人称单数形式、动词原形变过去式及动词原形变形容词。 3 考点1 动词的分类及基本形式 考点讲解 动词的分类 ▶实义动词：有实际意义，表示主语的动作或状态，在句中能独 立作谓语 4 类别 用法和结构 例句 及物 动词 用法：及物动词本身意思不完 整，在句中必须接宾语才能使其 意思完整，及物动词有被动语态 结构：主语+及物动词+宾语 I like this song. I bought my father a pen. We consider him an honest boy. 5 类别 用法和结构 例句 不及 物动 词 用法：不及物动词本身意思完 整，无需接宾语，不能用于被动 语态，“部分不及物动词+介词” 相当于及物动词，其后可接宾语 结构：主语+不及物动词； 主语+不及物动词+介词+单宾语/ 双宾语 I will arrive soon. I will arrive in your city soon. 续表 6 类别 用法和结构 例句 及物 动词 &不 及物 动词 同上述结构和用法 We won. We won the game. 续表 7 ▶连系动词：本身有一定意义，但是不能独立作谓语，必须和表 语一起构成谓语 类别 “状态”类 “感官”类 “变化”类 “持续”类 “似乎”类 例词 be， am， is， are， was， were feel， look， smell， sound， taste become, get, turn, fall, go, grow keep， remain， stay seem， appear 8 类别 “状态”类 “感官”类 “变化”类 “持续”类 “似乎”类 结构 主语+连系动词+表语（名词/形容词/介词短语） 例句 My sister is tall. The fish smells delicious. Her face turned red when she spoke in front of the class. Doing exercise can help us keep healthy. The man seems tired. 续表 9 ▶助动词：本身无意义，只能和它后面的动词一起作谓语，用来 帮助构成句子的时态、语态、否定句、疑问句和简略回答等 类别 用法和结构 例句 be, am, is, are, was, were 与实义动词的现在分 词或过去分词一起， 构成时态、语态等 They are doing their homework. 10 类别 用法和结构 例句 do, does, did 与实义动词原形一 起，构成一般现在时 和一般过去时的否定 句或疑问句等 They didn’t finish their homework. 续表 11 类别 用法和结构 例句 have, has, had 与实义动词的过去分 词一起，构成完成时 态或语态 They haven’t finished their homework yet. will, would, shall, should 与动词原形一起，构 成将来时态或语态 They will finish their homework on time. 续表 12 ▶情态动词：表示说话人对某个动作或状态的看法、态度等，不 能单独作谓语，后接动词原形，基本没有人称和数的变化 例词 用法和结构 例句 can, could, may, might, will, would, must, should等 情态动词和实义动词一起构成 谓语，基本没有人称和数的变 化 I can sing this song. 13 动词的基本形式 ▶动词的规则变化 类别 情况 变化规则 示例 动词原 形→第 三人称 单数 一般情况 加-s help→helps improve→improves 以s， x， ch， sh， o 结尾 加-es guess→guesses fix→fixes teach→teaches wash→washesgo→goes 14 类别 情况 变化规则 示例 动词原 形→第 三人称 单数 以辅音字母 加y结尾 变y为i， 再加-es fly→flies study→studies 续表 15 类别 情况 变化规则 示例 动词原 形→过 去式/过 去分词 一般情况 加-ed help→helped/helped walk→walked/walked 以不发音的 字母e结尾 加-d live→lived/lived promise→promised/promised 以辅音字母 加y结尾 变y为i， 再加-ed try→tried/tried carry→carried/carried 续表 16 类别 情况 变化规则 示例 动词原 形→过 去式/过 去分词 只有一个辅 音字母结尾 的重读闭音 节词 双写该辅 音字母， 再加-ed stop→stopped/stopped 续表 17 类别 情况 变化规则 示例 动词原 形→现 在分词/ 动名词 一般情况 加-ing read→reading feel→feeling 以不发音的e 结尾 去e， 再 加-ing live→living write→writing 以ie结尾的 单音节词 变ie为y， 再加-ing die→dying lie→lying 续表 18 类别 情况 变化规则 示例 动词原 形→现 在分词/ 动名词 只有一个辅 音字母结尾 的重读闭音 节词 双写该辅 音字母， 再加-ing plan→planning run→running put→putting ▶动词的不规则变化 续表 【具体内容见《课标词汇册》P77～P78】 19 考点测验 单项选择 1.（2021河北37题）The trip ___ really exciting to me. How I wish to go! A A. sounds B. smells C. tastes D. feels 2.（2024安徽改编）With its famous mountains, lakes, and towns, Anhui has so much to ___ tourists. B A. guard B. offer C. push D. cost 20 3.The girl is new here. We ___ know her name. A A. don’t B. isn’t C. aren’t D. not 4.—Oh, my god! It’s raining hard. —Don’t worry. You ___ share my umbrella. C A. must B. should C. can D. might 21 考点2 动词短语辨析 解题技巧 解答动词短语辨析类试题时，首先要明确各选项的含义，然 后分析语境，找出关键词或前后的逻辑关系，从而确定正确答案。 熟记动词短语的含义是正确解答此类试题的关键。 22 考点讲解 ▶常用动词短语归纳 come短语 come across（偶然）遇见（或发现） come back回来 come down下降；落下 come from 来自 come in 进来 c ome on 快点儿 come out 出版;发表;开花 come over顺便来访;过来 come true （希望等）实现;成为现实 23 fall短语 fall behind落后 fall into 掉进……里 fall off 跌落；下降；减少 fall down突然倒下;跌倒;倒塌（2021.46） 续表 24 give短语 give away 赠送;捐赠 give back 还给;归还 give in 投降;屈服 give out 分发;散发 give off发出;放出（气味、热、光等） give up 放弃（2024.49） 续表 25 get短语 get off下车 get on上车 get out逃离;外出 get over克服 get to到达 get up起床 get back返回;回来;回家 续表 26 go短语 go away走开 go back回去 go by（时间）逝去;经过 go off发出响声;熄灭；离开 go on继续 go over仔细检查;复习 go through浏览;翻阅;通过 续表 27 turn短语 turn off关掉 turn on打开 turn into变成 turn out结果是 turn over翻身;翻转 turn up调高（音量） turn down调低（音量）;拒绝 续表 28 look短语 look after 照顾;照看 look at 看;朝……看 look down向下看 look for 寻找;寻求 （2019.44） look like 看起来像 look out 当心 look over检查 look through 浏览 look back回头看;回首;回忆;回顾 look up（在词典、参考书等中）查阅;查找 续表 29 put短语 put back 放回原处 put down 放下;镇压 put off 推迟;拖延 put on 穿上;上演 （2019.31） put out 扑灭;熄灭（火） put away 把……暂时收起来 put up 搭起;举起;张贴（海报）（2023.36） 续表 30 take短语 take away 拿走 take back退还;收回 take care 当心;小心 take down记下;取下 take out 拿出;取出 take up 占据;学着做;开始做 take in吸收;吞入（体内）;欺骗 take off 脱下（衣服）;（飞机等）起飞 take after（外貌或行为）与（父母等）相像 续表 31 think短语 think about思考;思索 think of认为;想起 think over仔细考虑 think up想出 续表 32 about短语 care about关心;在意 hear about听说 know about了解;知道 learn about学习;了解 worry about担心;烦恼 talk about谈论;讨论;议论（2020.50） 续表 33 away短语 blow away吹走 break away脱离;摆脱 drive away驱车离开;赶走 move away搬走;离开 pass away过世;逝世 put away收起;收拾好 run away逃跑;跑掉 sweep away扫去 throw away扔掉 walk away 步行离开 wash away冲走;洗掉 续表 34 back短语 hand back交还 pay back 偿还（借款等） talk back 回嘴;顶嘴 bring back 恢复;使想起;归还 by短语 pass by路过;经过 drop by顺便访问;随便进入 续表 35 down短语 calm down 平静下来 die down逐渐变弱 lie down 躺下 shut down停工;关闭 sit down坐下 slow down减速 write down 写下;记下 break down 停止运转;出故障 续表 36 for短语 ask for 要求;请求 call for要求;提倡;需要 cheer for为……加油 die for为……而死 fight for 为……而战 leave for出发前往 prepare for 为……做准备 pay for 付买……的钱 search for搜寻;查找 stand for代表;支持 thanks for 为……而感谢 wait for 等候;等待 care for喜欢;关心;照顾 续表 37 in短语 arrive in到达 believe in 信任;信赖 break in闯入;打断 call in召来;叫来 cut in插嘴;干预 续表 38 on短语 carry on继续 depend on 依靠;信赖 hold on等一等（别挂电话） land on着陆;登陆 move on继续前进 pass on传递 try on试穿（2022.34） work on从事;忙于 focus on致力于;使聚焦于 续表 39 into短语 fall/drop into落入;陷入 knock into 与……相撞 look into 调查;研究 rush into冲入 walk into撞上 off短语 break off突然终止;中断 pay off还清（欠款等） set off动身;出发;使爆炸 show off炫耀;卖弄 shut off关闭;使停止运转 续表 40 out短语 blow out 吹灭 bring out 使显现;使表现出 cut out 删除;删去 find out 查明;发现;了解 hand out 分发 hang out 闲逛 lay out 摆开;布置 leave out 不提及;忽略 point out 指出 sell out 卖完;售光 续表 41 set out 出发;启程 try out 参加……选拔;试用 send out 发出;派遣 work out 成功地发展;解决 check out 获得证明;结账离开;核实 clean out 清除;把……打扫干净 break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生;爆发 续表 42 to短语 belong to 属于 lead to 导致;导向 listen to 听 point to 指向 stick to 坚持;固守 turn to 求助;转向 shout to 对……大声喊叫 续表 43 up短语 bring up 养育;抚养 make up 编造;组成;化妆 ring up 打电话给…… set up 建立;创立 show up 出席;露面 stay up 不睡觉;熬夜 cut up切碎 dress up 穿上盛装;装扮 fix up 修理;修补 end up 最终成为;最后处于 use up 用完;用光 wake up 睡醒;醒来 续表 44 hang up 挂断电话 hurry up 赶快;快点儿 cheer up 使振奋;使高兴起来 clean up （把……）打扫干净（2020.38） grow up 成长;长大（2021.50） pick up 捡起;接人;接电话（2018.32） take up（尤指为消遣）学着做;开始做;占据 续表 45 考点测验 单项选择 1.（2023河北36题）We are supposed to ___ our hand before we speak in class. A A. put up B. put out C. put down D. put away 46 2.（2022河北34题）—Michael, ___ this shirt. —Oh, it looks nice on me! A A. try on B. put down C. take off D. throw away 3.（2020河北38题）Some volunteers are going to ___ the central park. Let’s join them. B A. put up B. clean up C. look up D. give up 47 4.（2019河北31题）On the first day of Chinese New Year, we ___ new clothes and visit people. B A. pick up B. put on C. take off D. throw away 5.（2018河北32题）Can you help me ___ the pen? It’s under the chair. C A. ask for B. look for C. pick up D. put up 48 6.（2017河北29题）Grandfather lives with us. We all ___ him. C A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look like 7.（2024常州）—Which school club should I choose? —It ___ what skills you want to develop. D A. takes on B. carries on C. puts on D. depends on 49 8.（2024无锡）I know how busy you are and I won’t ___ too much of your time. A A. take up B. set up C. make up D. put up 50 考点3 情态动词 考点讲解 ▶情态动词的基本用法 1.can与could 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 can （2023.35,202 0.34,2017.30） 表示能力， 意为“能,会” Jim can sing songs. 表示请求、允许， 意为“可 以” Can I play basketball now？ 51 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 could can的过去式， 意为“能， 会”， 表示过去的能力 Lily could swim at the age of 5. 在疑问句中表示委婉地请 求。回答以could开头的一般 疑问句时用can/can’t,不能用 could/couldn’t Could you tell me the way to the post office？ 续表 52 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 could 表示委婉、客气地提出建议 We could write a letter to the headmaster. 续表 53 2. must与have to 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 must （2022.36） 表示主观看法， 意为 “必须， 一定” I must work hard. have to 意为“不得不， 必 须”， 多表示客观必 要 I have to get up early tomorrow. 54 辨析must与have to 1. must表示说话人的主观意志，意为“必须”，无人称和数的变化； have to意为“不得不”，强调受到外界客观因素的迫使，可用于多 种时态，且有人称和数的变化。如： I must finish my homework first. We didn’t want to go to the party, but we had to. 55 2. must与have to的肯定形式含义接近，但是否定形式的含义完 全不同，mustn’t意为“禁止，不允许”，do/does/did not have to意 为“不必”，相当于needn’t。如： You mustn’t take this book to the classroom. You don’t have to/needn’t take this book to the classroom. 56 3.may与might 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 may 表示请求、许可， 意为 “可以” May I speak to Amy？ might may的过去式，表示请求、 许可， 语气比 may 更委 婉 Might I ask you a question？ 57 4. will， would与shall 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 will 表示意愿或请求， 用于疑问 句中， 常用于第二人称 Will you please pass the book to me？ would will的过去式，表示建议或个 人意愿， 表示建议时， 语 气较委婉 Would you please help me with my maths？ 58 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 shall 用在疑问句中，与第一人称 连用，表示提出或征求对方 的意见 Shall we go to the zoo？ 续表 59 5. should， need与had better 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 should 意为“应该”，用于肯定句或否 定句中时，表示要求、命令、 劝告或建议，用于疑问句中 时，表示征询意见 You should come here early. Should I come here early？ 60 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 need 作情态动词时，意为“需要”， 常用于否定句或疑问句中 You needn’t come here early. had better had better意为“最好”，没有 人称和数的变化，常缩写为’d better You’d better come here early. 续表 61 回答情态动词引导的一般疑问句的特殊情况： 1. 由may或might引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用may/can；否定 回答用can’t/mustn’t。如： —May/Might I read this book? —Yes, you may/can./No, you can’t/mustn’t. 62 2.由must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must；否定回答常用 needn’t/don’t have to/doesn’t have to/didn’t have to。如： —Must I go to that party? —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t/don’t have to. 63 3.由need引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must；否定回答用 needn’t。如： —Need I do the work at once？ —Yes， you must./No， you needn’t. 4.回答以could引导的一般疑问句时，用can，不用could。如： —Could I use your mobile phone? —Yes, you can./No, you can’t. 64 ▶情态动词表推测的用法 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 must “一定，肯定”，表示非 常有把握的肯定推测 It must be raining outside. My father’s clothes are so wet. may/might “有可能，也许”，表示把握不大的肯定推测 The pencil may/might be Bob’s. 65 情态动词 含义及用法 例句 can’t （2024.34） “一定不，不可能”，表示十分有把握的否定推测 He can’t be having a meeting. I saw him just now. may not “可能不”，表示把握不大的否定推测 Mandy may not come tonight. 续表 66 考点测验 单项选择 1.（2024河北34题）—Look! Is that girl Alice? —No, it ___ be her. She is on a tour in Beijing now. B A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t 2.（2023河北35题）If we ___ find a better way, we’ll finish the job faster. A A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t 67 3.（2022河北36）—Do I have to hand in my report now? —Of course, you ___. We’re going to discuss it. C A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t 4.（2024连云港）Shh…!This is a library. You ___ keep your voice down. C A. can B. can’t C. should D. shouldn’t 68 5.（2024天津）It ___ be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices. A A. may not B. mustn’t C. need D. should 6.（2024成都）—Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday? —Not yet. I ___ volunteer at the old people’s home. A A. may B. must C. should D. would 69 7.—Look! People outside are wearing dresses and shorts. —The weather ___ be very hot. B A. shouldn’t B. must C. can’t D. might 70 专项提升（二）——用动词的适当形式填空 解题技巧 ▶如何判断空处是“动词原形变第三人称单数”、“动词原形变过去 式”还是“动词原形变形容词” 71 72 动词变形容词的变化表如下： 变化规律 示例 v.+-ed/- ing relax→relaxed/relaxing（2023.77） disappoint→disappointed/disappointing interest→interested/interesting touch→touched/touching 73 变化规律 示例 加-d/去掉 末尾 字母e再 加-ing excite→excited/exciting amaze→amazed/amazing bore→bored/boring move→moved/moving please→pleased/pleasing surprise→surprised/surprising tire→tired/tiring 续表 74 变化规律 示例 变y为i再 加-ed/直 接加-ing satisfy→satisfied/satisfying worry→worried/worrying v.+-able comfort→comfortable enjoy→enjoyable 去e再加- able value→valuable believe→believable 续表 75 考点测验 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2024扬州）Elena _________（drop） the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out the window. 2.（2024云南）I like traveling because I can meet some ___________（interest） people and things along the way. dropped interesting 76 3.（2024苏州改编）Tiger Hill _______（cover） an area of about 14,100 square meters and is 36 meters high. 4.（2024安徽改编）The Shenzhou-17 team ________（hand） over their work to the Shenzhou-18 team on April 30th. covers handed 5.（2024广西改编）Jimmy likes reading, so he often _____（go） to the bookstore to buy some books. goes 77 6.（2024绥化改编）He will be much healthier if he ______ （take） enough exercise in his free time. 7.It seems that Han Mei has _________（change）a lot in the last five years. takes changed 78 语法知识滚动练 Ⅰ.完形填空（2024牡丹江改编） Eric Brown was about 11 years old when his father died. It was hard for his mother to support the big family. Eric was very caring, so he tried not to . .1. . his mother when he had problems. Once Eric wanted a pair of skis（滑雪板） in order to join a skiing club. He . .2. . to his mother about it. However, it 79 was impossible for his mother to buy them. He . .3. . what he could do to get the skis and went to bed with a heavy heart. As soon as he . .4. . in the morning, he found that a deep snow had fallen and the strong wind was blowing. He thought it must be too cold for people to clear away the snow. “Ah,” he said, “every . .5. . brings a solution（解决方法）.” He rose, ran to a neighbor’s house and . .6. . his service to clear the neighbor’s path（小路） of snow. The offer was accepted. After he had finished the work and received his pay, he went to another place for the same . .7. .. Then he went from door to door until he had enough money to buy the skis. When Eric finally tried out his new skis, he . .8. . the happiest boy in the world. He . .9. . his achievement. Soon Eric became the best skier in his club because of his determination （决心） and perseverance（毅力）. This story reminds us that we can . .10. . any difficulties and achieve our dreams with a strong will and a positive attitude （积极的态度）. Eric is an inspiration to us. 1.( ) A. depend on B. take after C. believe in D. build up A 2.( ) A. listened B. talked C. turned D. handed B 3.( ) A. tried on B. took up C. thought about D. found out C 4.( ) A. fell over B. woke up C. worked on D. brought out B 83 5.( ) A. problem B. suggestion C. game D. question A 6.( ) A. offered B. wanted C. cancelled D. supported A 7.( ) A. decision B. purpose C. method D. patience B 8.( ) A. cared for B. worried about C. felt like D. looked for C 84 9.( ) A. got on with B. took pride in C. took care of D. kept away from B 10.( ) A. find B. overcome C. meet D. provide B 85 Ⅱ.短文填空（2024陕西改编） Email is a way of sending messages to other people through the Internet. It is much cheaper and quicker than 1.________（send） a letter. If you want to send emails, you need to create an email address for yourself. This address is usually made up of 2._______（letter） and dots（点） and the symbol “@”（meaning“at”）. This is what an address 3.______ sending letters looks 86 （look） like: Jenny@mail.com.When you email someone, type in（输入） this 4._________（person） email address, and then send your message on the Internet. Many people today don’t need to use 5.________（stamp）, envelopes or go to the post office since the Internet was 6._________（invent）. Quick and convenient—that’s the character of all 7._______（email）! person’s stamps invented emails Ever since the birth of email, letters that are 8.________ （write） and sent in the traditional way have received a special name—snail mail. Yet, technology is 9.___________ （develop） rapidly, and some other ways of online communication, such as WeChat in China, have 10._______ （play） a more important part than email. written developing played 89 $$