Unit 5 Languages around the world 单词变形与重点短语 背诵清单-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

· be native to+地方 (动植物)原产于(某地) be a native of+地方 …本地人；原产于某地的… · have/take a +adj. +attitude to/towards… 对…采取…的态度 · refer (v.)提到，参考，查阅-reference (n.) refer to指的是,提到;查阅 refer to A as B 将A称为B refer to a dictionary 查字典 reference books参考书 in/with reference to 关于… · the solar/educational/nervous system 太阳系/教育制度/神经系统 · despite (prep.) =in spite of 即使，尽管 despite doing sth尽管做了某事 despite the fact that 尽管…的事实 [注：despite, in spite of, regardless of是介词，后接名词/代词/动名词；而though/although/even if/even though是连词，后接从句] · ups and downs浮沉，兴衰，荣辱 · the key/major/main factors 关键/重要/主要因素 · base (v.) 以…为基础; (n.)根据 -basis (n.)基础-based (adj.)以…为基础的 base A on/upon B 把A建立在B的基础上 be based on/upon… 建立在…基础上 on the basis of… 在…的基础上 on a regular/daily/monthly basis 定期/每天/每个月 · symbol (n.)-symbolize (v.)-symbolic (adj.)象征性的 a symbol of power/hope 力量的/希望的象征 · vary (v.)不同；改变-variety (n.)多样化-variation (n.)变体-various (adj.)各种各样的 a variety of或varieties of… 各种各样的 vary from A to B 从A到B变化 vary between A and B 从…到…不等 vary with… 随着…而变化 · major (adj.)主要的-majority (n.) 大多数，大部分 [反] minor (adj.)次要的-minority (n.) 少数 the majority of… …的大多数 · means (n.)方式 a means of… 一种…的方式 by means of… 凭借… by all means 当然行 by no means 绝不 · classic (adj.) 经典的，优秀的 classical (adj.) 古典的，传统的 a classic example/novel 典型例子/最佳小说 classical music/ballet/architecture 古典音乐/芭蕾/建筑 · regard (v.)看待(n.)尊重-regards (pl.)问好 -regarding (prep.) 关于，至于 regard A as B 将A看作B with/in regard to 关于，至于 have/show high regard for… 非常尊重… · globe(n.)球体-global(adj.)全球的-globally(adv.)全球地 global warming全球变暖 · public/ family/ foreign/ international/ global affairs 公共/ 家庭/ 外交/ 国际/ 全球 事务 · appreciate(v.)- appreciation(n.) -appreciative(adj.)感激；欣赏 感激；欣赏 感激的 appreciate sb/sb’s doing sth 感激某人做某事 I would appreciate it if… 如果…,我将不胜感激。 in appreciation of… 感谢… · carve (v.)雕刻-carving (n.)雕刻；雕刻品 · To be specific, … 具体来说，… a specific purpose一个特定的目的 specific instructions 明确的指示 · (v.) struggle for… 为…而斗争 struggle against/with… 与…斗争 struggle to do sth 努力做某事 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 (n.) It is a struggle (for sb) to do sth某人做某事很难 · beg-begged-begged-begging (v.)乞求，哀求 beg for food/money… 乞讨食物/金钱 beg sb to do sth祈求某人做某事 · equal(adj.)平等的-equally(adv.) -equality(n.)平等 [反]unequal (adj.)不平等的 be equal to… 与…相等；能胜任 be equal in… 在…方面平等/相同 be without equal 无与伦比 · demand(v./n.)要求，需求-demanding(a.)要求高的 (n.) a demand for sth对…的需求 in demand 需求大 meet one’s demands (for sth) 满足某人对某物的需求 (v.) demand to do sth 要求做某事 demand that … (should) do… 要求做某事（虚拟语气） It is demanded that … (should) do… 要求做某事（虚拟） · describe(v.)-description(n.)-descriptive(a.)描述的 describe A as B 把A描述为B beyond description 难以形容 · relate (v.)联系-relation (n.)关系-related(adj.)相关的 relate to与…相关；涉及，谈到；[生义]能够理解并同情 in relation to 关于 be related to 与…有关 · bridge the gap between A and B消除A与B隔阂 · have a wide/limited vocabulary 词汇量大/有限 increase/enrich one’s vocabulary 增加/丰富词汇量 · mother tongue/ native language 母语 · date back (to) 追溯(到)… set a date确定日期 out of date过时的 to date迄今为止 up to date 现代的，最新的 · be of (great) importance =be (very) important be of significance/value/benefit 也可代替对应形容词 · 做某事有问题/困难 have problems with sth/have problems (in) doing sth problems可替换为difficulty/ trouble · get/be used to (doing) sth 习惯于(做)某事 · get high marks in… 在…上得高分 · Would you mind doing sth? 你介意做某事吗？ · keep sth in one’s head 记住某事 · can’t help but do sth 忍不住做某事 【归纳】 · 加-ence变为名词: refer-reference prefer-preference differ-difference patient-patience absent-absence confident-confidence · 【辨析】 symbol 符号，象征 sign迹象，征兆；指示牌 signal 信号，暗号 mark 标志，标记 · “用这种方法/方式” by this means with this method in this manner in this way · 以下意义的单词只以复数形式出现 方式means 环境surroundings 财产belongings 问候regards (means作主语时，由修饰它的词决定谓语的单复数： every/each/one means+谓单 several/some/many/few means +谓复) · 主谓一致-就近原则： either…or…; neither…nor… not…but… ； not only…but (also)… · 主谓一致-就远原则： A+ with/together with/along with/like/in addition to/ as well as/ including/rather than/besides/except/but +B 谓语动词单复数取决于A · “在我看来” from my point of view/ in my view /in my opinion/ as far as I am concerned · in view 在视野之中 come into view 进入视野 in one’s view在某人看来 in view of… 考虑到… take/hold the view that持有…的观点 on view 在展出 · 1) 现完/现完进+ since +一般过去时 Lucy has written ten books since she began to write. 2) It has been +一段时间+since +过去时间 It has been a month since I came to this new school. 3) so far/until now/up to now/by now/since then/ever since等多用于现在完成(进行)时 I have learnt English for ten years up to now. · while的用法 1. 作为名词，指“一段时间”或“一会儿”。 I'll be ready in a little while. 2.作为并列连词 ，表示对比或转折，意为“然而”或“而”。 I like studying, while my sister prefers playing games. 3.引导时间状语从句，表示“在…的时候”或“与…同时”。 While I was reading a book, the phone rang. 4. 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”或“虽然”，常放句首。 While I know that studying hard is important, I can’t make up my mind to finish homework. 5. 引导条件状语从句，表示“只要” While there is life, there is hope. · as的用法 1. 作为副词，表示程度  as...as... 结构中第一个 as 是副词，表“一样地”。 She sings as beautifully as her sister. 2. 作为介词 1) 表示“作为”  He works as a teacher. 2) 表示“如同”  The sky looks as blue as it did yesterday. 3) 表示“当…时候” As a child, she loved to play outside. 4) 表示“例如” As a rule, we should always be punctual. 3. 作为连词 1) 表示比较, as...as, “和…一样”。He is as tall as his father. 2) 引导时间状从, 表“当…的时候” As I arrived, the meeting had already started. 3）引导原因状从，表“因为”。As I failed, I was sad. 4）引导让步状从，表“虽然” As he is young, he is very experienced. 5)引导方式状从，“以…方式”Do as I told you. 6)引导定从,“正如” It is the same book as I read last week. 【句子】 · [By the Shang Dynasty], these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. [by+过去时间点]作时间状语，表截止到过去某一时间，谓语用过去完成时。 · Over the years, the system developed into different forms, [as it was a time when people were divided geographically], [leading to many varieties of dialects and characters]. as引导[原因状语从句]，意为“因为，由于”。 [leading…characters]为现在分词短语作结果状语。 · Even today, [no matter where Chinese people live or (no matter) what dialect they speak], they can all still communicate in writing. [no matter+疑问词]引导让步状语从句，表“无论…”； 原文中，为避免重复，将what前的“no matter”省略了。 · There are many reasons (why this has been possible), but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. the reason + why 引导定语从句（后接结果） 其他：This/That/It is why + 结果 这就是…的原因 This/That/It is because +原因 这是因为… The reason why… is that… …的原因是… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$