内容正文:
小学升初必会4种基础时态讲义学生版
一般现在时
一、含义
一般现在时是英语里用来表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或客观事实的时态。比如,每天早上你都会刷牙,这就是一个经常发生的动作,用一般现在时表达就是 “I brush my teeth every morning.” 再比如,太阳从东方升起,这是客观事实,英语表达为 “The sun rises in the east.”
二、标志词
一般现在时里经常会出现一些表示时间频率的词来帮助我们识别这个时态。常见的有:
always(总是):I always get up at 7:00. 我总是七点起床。
usually(通常):She usually goes to school by bike. 她通常骑自行车上学。
often(经常):We often play football after school. 我们放学后经常踢足球。
sometimes(有时):My father sometimes reads books in the evening. 我爸爸有时晚上看书。
every day/week/month/year(每天/每周/每月/每年):I clean my room every week. 我每周打扫我的房间。
【即学即练】模仿第一个动词接龙
brush [brʌʃ](刷) brush my teeth I brush my teeth every day.
play [pleɪ](玩;踢;弹等)_________________________ _________________________________________________
go [ɡəʊ](去)______________________________ _________________________________________________
watch [wɒtʃ](看)______________________________ _________________________________________________
read [riːd](阅读)______________________________ _________________________________________________
clean [kliːn](打扫)______________________________ _________________________________________________
like [laɪk](喜欢)______________________________ _________________________________________________
cook [kʊk](烹饪)______________________________ _________________________________________________
have [hæv](吃;有)______________________________ _________________________________________________
teach [tiːtʃ](教)______________________________ _________________________________________________
wash [wɒʃ](洗)______________________________ _________________________________________________
study [ˈstʌdi](学习)______________________________ _________________________________________________
get [ɡet](得到;变得;起床)______________________ _________________________________________________
do [duː](做)______________________________ _________________________________________________
三、动词形式
(一)be动词形式
1.当主语是 I(我)时,be 动词用 am。例如:
I am happy. 我很开心。
2.当主语是 you(你,你们),we(我们),they(他们,她们,它们)时,be 动词用 are。例如:
You are students. 你们是学生。
We are friends. 我们是朋友。
They are at home. 他们在家。
3. 当主语是 he(他),she(她),it(它)时,be 动词用 is。例如:
He is a boy. 他是个男孩。
She is beautiful. 她很漂亮。
It is a dog. 它是一只狗。
(二)实义动词形式
1.当主语是 I(我),you(你,你们),we(我们),they(他们,她们,它们)时,动词用原形。例如:
I play football. 我踢足球。
You like reading. 你喜欢阅读。
We go to school together. 我们一起去上学。
They watch TV on weekends. 他们周末看电视。
2.当主语是 he(他),she(她),it(它)等第三人称单数时,动词要加 -s 或 -es。例如:
1).一般情况直接加 -s,如:He likes apples. 他喜欢苹果。
◦She plays the piano. 她弹钢琴。
◦It runs fast. 它跑得很快。
2) .以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的动词加 -es,如:teach - teaches(教),wash - washes(洗)。例如:
She teaches English. 她教英语。
He washes his hands before meals. 他饭前洗手。
3) .辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 再加 -es,如:study - studies(学习)。例如:
He studies hard. 他学习努力。
4).have的三单是has,例如:
I have long hair.我有一头长发。
2.She has long hair.她有一头长发。
四、句型结构
(一)肯定句
1.be 动词句型:主语 + be 动词 + 其他。例如:
She is a good student. 她是个好学生。
2. 实义动词句型:
1).主语(非第三人称单数) + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:
I play basketball every day. 我每天打篮球。
2).主语(第三人称单数) + 动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他。例如:
He goes to school by bus. 他坐公交车上学。
(二)否定句
1.be 动词句型:主语 + be 动词 + not + 其他。例如:
I am not hungry. 我不饿。
She is not at home. 她不在家。
2.实义动词句型:主语(非第三人称单数) + don't + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:
You don't like math. 你不喜欢数学。
3. 主语(第三人称单数) + doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他。
例如:He doesn't like milk. 他不喜欢牛奶。
(三)一般疑问句
1.be 动词句型:Be 动词 + 主语 + 其他?例如:
Are you a student? 你是学生吗?
Is she happy? 她开心吗?
回答时,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + be 动词.”,否定回答用“No, 主语 + be 动词 + not.”。例如:
Are you a student? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
2. 实义动词句型:Do + 主语(非第三人称单数) + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:
Do you like music? 你喜欢音乐吗?
Does + 主语(第三人称单数) + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:
Does he go to school on foot? 他步行去上学吗?
回答时,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + do/does.”,否定回答用“No, 主语 + don't/doesn't.”。例如:
Do you like music? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
Does he go to school on foot? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
(四)特殊疑问句
1.be 动词句型:特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 主语 + 其他?例如:
What is your name? 你叫什么名字?
Where are you from? 你来自哪里?
2.实义动词句型:特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:
What do you do on weekends? 你周末做什么?
How does she go to school? 她怎么去上学?
五、综合练习
(一)用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.She ______ (go) to school by bike every day.
2.They ______ (like) playing football.
3.I ______ (be) a student.
4.He ______ (watch) TV in the evening.
5.My mother ______ (cook) dinner every day.
(二)按要求改写句子
1.I am a boy.(改为一般疑问句)
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.She likes reading books.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________________________
3.They play games after class.(对划线部分提问,划线部分为 play games )
_____________________________________________________________________________
4.Does he go to school by bus?(作肯定回答)
_____________________________________________________________________________
5.The cat is under the chair.(对划线部分提问,划线部分为 under the chair )
_____________________________________________________________________________
(三)翻译句子
1.我每天早上六点起床。
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.他经常在学校吃午饭。
_____________________________________________________________________________
3.她不喜欢吃苹果。
_____________________________________________________________________________
4.你喜欢什么颜色?
_____________________________________________________________________________
5.他们是好朋友。
_____________________________________________________________________________
现在进行时
一、定义
现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,强调动作在此时此刻正在进行。比如,当你看到小明正在跑步,就可以说“Xiaoming is running.”
二、构成
现在进行时的构成是“be动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词形式”。
1.be动词:am用于第一人称单数I;is用于第三人称单数(he/she/it,以及单个的人名、物名等);are用于第二人称单数you以及所有人称的复数(we/you/they) 。例如:I am reading.(我正在阅读);She is singing.(她正在唱歌);They are playing football.(他们正在踢足球)。
2.动词现在分词变化规则
1).一般情况:直接在动词后加 -ing 。如:go - going,play - playing,read - reading。
2).以不发音的e结尾:去掉e,再加 -ing 。如:make - making,write - writing,ride - riding。
3).以重读闭音节结尾:末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再加 -ing 。如:run - running,swim - swimming,put - putting。
4).以ie结尾:变ie为y,再加 -ing。如:lie- lying , die- dying。
三、常见标志词
1.now:意为“现在”,是现在进行时最常见的标志词。例如:
I am doing my homework now.(我现在正在做作业) 。
2.look:单独使用,提醒对方看某个正在发生的动作,其后句子常用现在进行时。如:
Look! The birds are flying in the sky.(看!鸟儿正在天空中飞翔) 。
3.listen:意思是“听”,同样提醒对方注意听正在发生的动作,句子用现在进行时。例如:
Listen! She is playing the piano.(听!她正在弹钢琴) 。
4.情景问答,例如:
Where is your mother?--She is watching TV in the living room.(你妈在哪?--她正在客厅看电视。)
四、用法
1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作:如:
My mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen.(我妈妈正在厨房做晚饭) 。
2.现阶段一直在进行的动作,但此刻不一定正在做:如:
We are learning about animals this week.(我们这周一直在学习有关动物的知识,说话时不一定正在学) 。
五、句式变换
1.肯定句:主语+be动词+动词现在分词+其他。例如:
He is drawing a picture.(他正在画画) 。
2.否定句:在be动词后加not。即主语+be动词+not+动词现在分词+其他。例如:
He is not drawing a picture.(他没有在画画),is not可缩写为isn't,are not可缩写为aren't。
3.一般疑问句:把be动词提到主语前面,即Be动词+主语+动词现在分词+其他?回答时,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+be动词.”;否定回答用“No, 主语+be动词+not.” 例如:
Is he drawing a picture? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.(他正在画画吗?是的,他在画。/ 不,他不在画) 。
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+动词现在分词+其他?例如:
What is he doing?(他正在做什么?) 。
六、综合练习
一)、写出下列动词的现在分词形式
1.play ______
2.swim ______
3.write ______
4.run ______
5.eat ______
6.make ______
7.dance ______
8.sit ______
9.sing ______
10.jump ______
二)、用所给动词的适当形式填空
11.Look! The boy ______ (ride) a bike.
12.Listen! They ______ (sing) an English song.
13.I ______ (do) my homework now.
14.My mother ______ (cook) dinner in the kitchen at the moment.
15.The students ______ (read) books in the classroom now.
16.What ______ you ______ (do) now?
17.He ______ (not play) football. He is playing basketball.
18.______ she ______ (watch) TV? Yes, she is.
三)、按要求完成句子
19.They are cleaning the classroom.(改为否定句)
20.The girl is drawing a picture.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
21.I am reading a storybook.(对划线部分提问)
22.Is he doing his homework?(作否定回答)
23.The boys are playing games under the tree.(对划线部分提问)
四)、选择正确的答案
24.Look! The cat ______ up the tree.
A. climb B. is climbing C. climbing
25.-What are you doing? -I ______ TV.
A. watch B. watching C. am watching
26.Listen! The birds ______ in the tree.
A. sing B. is singing C. are singing
27.She ______ dinner now.
A. is cooking B. cooks C. cooking
28.-______ they playing football? -Yes, they are.
A. Do B. Are C. Is
五)、阅读理解,判断正(T)误(F)
It's Sunday morning. The weather is fine. There are many children in the park. Some girls are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some boys are playing football on the grass. Li Lei is reading a book by the lake. Tom is drawing pictures near the lake. Lucy and Lily are sitting on the bench and eating ice - cream. They are having a good time.
( ) 1. It's Sunday afternoon.
( ) 2. Some girls are singing and dancing under a small tree.
( ) 3. Some boys are playing basketball on the grass.
( ) 4. Li Lei is reading a book by the lake.
( ) 5. Lucy and Lily are eating ice - cream on the bench.
一般将来时
一、定义
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow(明天)、next week(下周)、in the future(在未来) 等。比如,
“I will go to school tomorrow.”(我明天要去上学),描述的就是明天要发生的动作。
二、表达结构及用法
(一)will+动词原形
1.肯定句:“will + 动词原形”,will没有人称和数的变化,所有人称(I/you/he/she/it/we/they等)都用will。,例如:
He will play football tomorrow.(他明天将踢足球。)
They will visit their grandparents next week.(他们下周将去看望祖父母。)
2.否定句:主语 + will not(won't)+ 动词原形 + 其他。例如:
I will not(won't)go to the park today.(我今天不会去公园。)
3.一般疑问句:Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + will. 否定回答:No, 主语 + won't. 例如:Will she come to the party?
Yes, she will. / No, she won't.(她会来参加派对吗?是的,她会。/ 不,她不会。)
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:
What will you do this weekend?(你这个周末要做什么?)--回答要做的事。
(2) be going to+动词原形
表示打算、计划、准备做某事,或根据某种迹象推测即将发生的事。
1.肯定句:be动词有人称和数的变化,即am/is/are,具体用法为:
I am going to...;
he/she/it is going to...;
you/we/they are going to...。,例如:
I am going to buy a new book.(我打算买一本新书。)
It is going to rain soon. Look at those black clouds.(马上要下雨了。看那些乌云。)
2.否定句:主语 + be not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:
She isn't going to watch TV tonight.(她今晚不打算看电视。)
3.一般疑问句:Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + be. 否定回答:No, 主语 + be not.例如:
Is he going to play basketball? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.(他打算打篮球吗?是的,他打算打。/ 不,他不打算打。)
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:
Where are you going to visit during the holiday?(你假期打算去哪里游玩?)
三、时间状语
1.tomorrow系列:tomorrow(明天)、tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening(明天早上/下午/晚上)。例如:
I will clean my room tomorrow.(我明天要打扫房间。)
2.next系列:next week/month/year/Sunday 等,表示“下一周/月/年/周日”。例如:
We are going to have a party next month.(我们下个月要举办一个派对。)
3.in+时间段:in two days(两天后)、in a week(一周后)等。例如:
He will come back in three days.(他三天后会回来。)
四、will与be going to的区别
1.表达意图差异:
0. will:常用来表达临时决定。例如,突然看到外面下雨,说“Oh, it's raining. I will take an umbrella.”(哦,下雨了。我要拿把伞。)
0. be going to:侧重表达事先经过考虑、计划的打算。例如,“I am going to study for the test this weekend.”(我这个周末打算为考试学习。)这是之前就计划好的。
2.表达推测差异:
0. will:对未来情况的预测,没有太多依据。如,“I think it will be sunny tomorrow.”(我觉得明天会是晴天。)
0. be going to:根据目前迹象推测即将发生的事。如,看到天空乌云密布,说“It's going to rain.”(要下雨了 。) 因为有明显的迹象表明即将下雨。
5、 综合练习
一)、单项选择
1.I ______ a film tomorrow evening.
A. will see B. sees C. seeing
2.There ______ a football match in our school next week.
A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be
3.—______ you ______ shopping with me this afternoon?—Yes, I will.
A. Will; go B. Are; going to C. Do; go
4.She ______ visit her grandparents this weekend.
A. am going to B. is going to C. are going to
5.They ______ to the park if it ______ fine tomorrow.
A. will go; is B. go; is C. will go; will be
二)、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6.My sister ______ (visit) the Great Wall next month.
7.______ you ______ (play) basketball with us tomorrow?
8.There ______ (be) a concert in our city next Saturday.
9.He ______ (not go) to school by bike tomorrow. He will take a bus.
10.Look at the clouds. It ______ (rain) soon.
三)、按要求完成句子
11.I will play football with my friends this weekend. (改为一般疑问句)
12.She is going to buy a new dress. (对划线部分提问)
13.They will have a party next Sunday. (改为否定句)
14.The students are going to have a picnic in the park. (对划线部分提问)
15.Is he going to watch TV tonight? (作肯定回答)
四)、根据汉语提示完成句子
16.我明天要去看电影。I ______ ______ ______ see a movie tomorrow.
17.下周我们学校将有一场运动会。______ ______ ______ a sports meeting in our school next week.
18.她打算明天早上做什么?______ ______ she ______ ______ do tomorrow morning?
19.他们不会在公园里踢足球。They ______ ______ football in the park.
20.如果你努力学习,你将会取得好成绩。If you study hard, you ______ ______ good grades.
五)、阅读理解,判断正(T)误(F)
The Smiths are going to have a picnic in the park this Sunday. They are getting ready for it. Mrs. Smith is going to buy some food and drinks. Mr. Smith is going to borrow a car from his friend. They are going to fly a kite in the park. Tom, their son, is going to draw some pictures. He wants to show the pictures to his classmates. They think they will have a good time.
( ) 1. The Smiths are going to have a picnic this Saturday.
( ) 2. Mrs. Smith is going to buy some food and drinks.
( ) 3. Mr. Smith is going to buy a car.
( ) 4. Tom is going to fly a kite.
( ) 5. The Smiths think they will enjoy themselves.
一般过去时
一、定义
一般过去时用于表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例如,“I went to school yesterday.”(我昨天去上学了),“went”这个动作发生在过去的“昨天” 。
二、动词过去式变化规则
(一)规则变化
1.一般情况:在动词原形后直接加 -ed 。例如:
work - worked(工作),play - played(玩),look - looked(看)。
2.以不发音的e结尾:直接加 -d 。例如:
live - lived(居住),hope - hoped(希望),use - used(使用)。
3.以“辅音字母 + y”结尾:变y为i,再加 -ed 。例如:
study - studied(学习),carry - carried(携带),try - tried(尝试)。
4.以重读闭音节结尾:末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再加 -ed 。例如:
stop - stopped(停止),shop - shopped(购物),drop - dropped(落下)。
(二)不规则变化
常见特殊形式:有许多动词的过去式变化不遵循上述规则,需特殊记忆。
be动词(am/is - was,are - were),go - went(去),do - did(做),have - had(有),eat - ate(吃),see - saw(看见),get - got(得到) 。
三、时间状语
1.yesterday系列:yesterday(昨天),yesterday morning/afternoon/evening(昨天早上/下午/晚上)。例如:
I cleaned my room yesterday.(我昨天打扫了房间。)
2.last系列:last night/week/month/year(昨晚/上周/上个月/去年)。例如:
We visited our grandparents last week.(我们上周去看望了祖父母。)
3.时间段 + ago:two days ago(两天前),three years ago(三年前)。例如:
He started to learn English three years ago.(他三年前开始学英语。)
4.具体过去时间点:如in 2020(在2020年),at 8:00 yesterday morning(昨天早上八点)。例如:
I was at home at 8:00 yesterday morning.(昨天早上八点我在家。)
四、句式结构
1.肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。例如:
She played basketball yesterday.(她昨天打篮球了。)
2.否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他。(didn't是did not的缩写),例如:
He didn't go to school yesterday.(他昨天没去上学。)
3.一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答:No, 主语 + didn't.,例如:
Did you do your homework last night? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.(你昨晚做作业了吗?是的,我做了。/ 不,我没做。)
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?,例如:
What did you do last weekend?(你上周末做什么了?)
五、用法
1.过去发生的动作:强调动作在过去某个时间已经完成。例如:
I bought a book in the bookstore yesterday.(我昨天在书店买了一本书。)
2. 过去存在的状态:描述过去某个时间段内主语所处的状态。例如:
He was happy last week.(他上周很开心。)
3. 过去的习惯或经常发生的动作:常与表示频度的副词连用,如always(总是),often(经常),usually(通常)等。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football with my friends.(当我还是个孩子的时候,我经常和朋友们踢足球。)
六、综合练习
一)、写出下列动词的过去式
1.play - ______
2.visit - ______
3.study - ______
4.stop - ______
5.live - ______
6.have - ______
7.go - ______
8.see - ______
9.eat - ______
10.do - ______
二)、用所给动词的适当形式填空
11.I ______ (go) to school by bike yesterday.
12.She ______ (play) the piano last night.
13.They ______ (visit) their grandparents last weekend.
14.He ______ (not do) his homework yesterday.
15.We ______ (see) a movie last Sunday.
三)、按要求完成句子
16.I watched TV last night.(改为否定句)
17.He played football yesterday.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
18.She did her homework at home.(对划线部分提问)
19.They went to the park last Saturday.(对划线部分提问)
20.Did you read a book yesterday?(作否定回答)
四)、选择正确答案
21.-What ______ you do last weekend? -I ______ my room.
A. did; clean B. do; cleaned C. did; cleaned
22.She ______ to school early yesterday.
A. go B. went C. goes
23.-______ he play basketball yesterday? -Yes, he ______.
A. Did; did B. Does; does C. Is; is
24.I ______ a lot of fun last holiday.
A. have B. had C. has
25.They ______ not at home yesterday.
A. are B. were C. was
五)、阅读理解
Yesterday was Sunday. The weather was fine. I went to the park with my parents. We saw many beautiful flowers and trees in the park. There were also a lot of people there. Some children were flying kites, and some old people were doing Tai Chi. We had a picnic on the grass. We ate sandwiches, fruits and drank juice. After that, we played games together. We really had a good time.
26.What day was it yesterday?
27.How was the weather?
28.Where did they go?
29.What did the children do in the park?
30.Did they have a good time?
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小学升初必会4种基础时态讲义教师版
一般现在时
一、含义
一般现在时是英语里用来表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或客观事实的时态。比如,每天早上你都会刷牙,这就是一个经常发生的动作,用一般现在时表达就是 “I brush my teeth every morning.” 再比如,太阳从东方升起,这是客观事实,英语表达为 “The sun rises in the east.”
二、标志词
一般现在时里经常会出现一些表示时间频率的词来帮助我们识别这个时态。常见的有:
always(总是):I always get up at 7:00. 我总是七点起床。
usually(通常):She usually goes to school by bike. 她通常骑自行车上学。
often(经常):We often play football after school. 我们放学后经常踢足球。
sometimes(有时):My father sometimes reads books in the evening. 我爸爸有时晚上看书。
every day/week/month/year(每天/每周/每月/每年):I clean my room every week. 我每周打扫我的房间。
【即学即练】模仿第一个动词接龙
brush [brʌʃ](刷) brush my teeth I brush my teeth every day.
play [pleɪ](玩;踢;弹等)_________________________ _________________________________________________
go [ɡəʊ](去)______________________________ _________________________________________________
watch [wɒtʃ](看)______________________________ _________________________________________________
read [riːd](阅读)______________________________ _________________________________________________
clean [kliːn](打扫)______________________________ _________________________________________________
like [laɪk](喜欢)______________________________ _________________________________________________
cook [kʊk](烹饪)______________________________ _________________________________________________
have [hæv](吃;有)______________________________ _________________________________________________
teach [tiːtʃ](教)______________________________ _________________________________________________
wash [wɒʃ](洗)______________________________ _________________________________________________
study [ˈstʌdi](学习)______________________________ _________________________________________________
get [ɡet](得到;变得;起床)______________________ _________________________________________________
do [duː](做)______________________________ _________________________________________________
三、动词形式
(一)be动词形式
1.当主语是 I(我)时,be 动词用 am。例如:
I am happy. 我很开心。
2.当主语是 you(你,你们),we(我们),they(他们,她们,它们)时,be 动词用 are。例如:
You are students. 你们是学生。
We are friends. 我们是朋友。
They are at home. 他们在家。
3. 当主语是 he(他),she(她),it(它)时,be 动词用 is。例如:
He is a boy. 他是个男孩。
She is beautiful. 她很漂亮。
It is a dog. 它是一只狗。
(二)实义动词形式
1.当主语是 I(我),you(你,你们),we(我们),they(他们,她们,它们)时,动词用原形。例如:
I play football. 我踢足球。
You like reading. 你喜欢阅读。
We go to school together. 我们一起去上学。
They watch TV on weekends. 他们周末看电视。
2.当主语是 he(他),she(她),it(它)等第三人称单数时,动词要加 -s 或 -es。例如:
1).一般情况直接加 -s,如:He likes apples. 他喜欢苹果。
◦She plays the piano. 她弹钢琴。
◦It runs fast. 它跑得很快。
2) .以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的动词加 -es,如:teach - teaches(教),wash - washes(洗)。例如:
She teaches English. 她教英语。
He washes his hands before meals. 他饭前洗手。
3) .辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词,变 y 为 i 再加 -es,如:study - studies(学习)。例如:
He studies hard. 他学习努力。
4).have的三单是has,例如:
I have long hair.我有一头长发。
2.She has long hair.她有一头长发。
四、句型结构
(一)肯定句
1.be 动词句型:主语 + be 动词 + 其他。例如:
She is a good student. 她是个好学生。
2. 实义动词句型:
1).主语(非第三人称单数) + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:
I play basketball every day. 我每天打篮球。
2).主语(第三人称单数) + 动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他。例如:
He goes to school by bus. 他坐公交车上学。
(二)否定句
1.be 动词句型:主语 + be 动词 + not + 其他。例如:
I am not hungry. 我不饿。
She is not at home. 她不在家。
2.实义动词句型:主语(非第三人称单数) + don't + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:
You don't like math. 你不喜欢数学。
3. 主语(第三人称单数) + doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他。
例如:He doesn't like milk. 他不喜欢牛奶。
(三)一般疑问句
1.be 动词句型:Be 动词 + 主语 + 其他?例如:
Are you a student? 你是学生吗?
Is she happy? 她开心吗?
回答时,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + be 动词.”,否定回答用“No, 主语 + be 动词 + not.”。例如:
Are you a student? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
2. 实义动词句型:Do + 主语(非第三人称单数) + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:
Do you like music? 你喜欢音乐吗?
Does + 主语(第三人称单数) + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:
Does he go to school on foot? 他步行去上学吗?
回答时,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + do/does.”,否定回答用“No, 主语 + don't/doesn't.”。例如:
Do you like music? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
Does he go to school on foot? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
(四)特殊疑问句
1.be 动词句型:特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 主语 + 其他?例如:
What is your name? 你叫什么名字?
Where are you from? 你来自哪里?
2.实义动词句型:特殊疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:
What do you do on weekends? 你周末做什么?
How does she go to school? 她怎么去上学?
五、综合练习
(一)用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.She ______ (go) to school by bike every day.
2.They ______ (like) playing football.
3.I ______ (be) a student.
4.He ______ (watch) TV in the evening.
5.My mother ______ (cook) dinner every day.
(二)按要求改写句子
1.I am a boy.(改为一般疑问句)
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.She likes reading books.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________________________
3.They play games after class.(对划线部分提问,划线部分为 play games )
_____________________________________________________________________________
4.Does he go to school by bus?(作肯定回答)
_____________________________________________________________________________
5.The cat is under the chair.(对划线部分提问,划线部分为 under the chair )
_____________________________________________________________________________
(三)翻译句子
1.我每天早上六点起床。
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.他经常在学校吃午饭。
_____________________________________________________________________________
3.她不喜欢吃苹果。
_____________________________________________________________________________
4.你喜欢什么颜色?
_____________________________________________________________________________
5.他们是好朋友。
_____________________________________________________________________________
现在进行时
一、定义
现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,强调动作在此时此刻正在进行。比如,当你看到小明正在跑步,就可以说“Xiaoming is running.”
二、构成
现在进行时的构成是“be动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词形式”。
1.be动词:am用于第一人称单数I;is用于第三人称单数(he/she/it,以及单个的人名、物名等);are用于第二人称单数you以及所有人称的复数(we/you/they) 。例如:I am reading.(我正在阅读);She is singing.(她正在唱歌);They are playing football.(他们正在踢足球)。
2.动词现在分词变化规则
1).一般情况:直接在动词后加 -ing 。如:go - going,play - playing,read - reading。
2).以不发音的e结尾:去掉e,再加 -ing 。如:make - making,write - writing,ride - riding。
3).以重读闭音节结尾:末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再加 -ing 。如:run - running,swim - swimming,put - putting。
4).以ie结尾:变ie为y,再加 -ing。如:lie- lying , die- dying。
三、常见标志词
1.now:意为“现在”,是现在进行时最常见的标志词。例如:
I am doing my homework now.(我现在正在做作业) 。
2.look:单独使用,提醒对方看某个正在发生的动作,其后句子常用现在进行时。如:
Look! The birds are flying in the sky.(看!鸟儿正在天空中飞翔) 。
3.listen:意思是“听”,同样提醒对方注意听正在发生的动作,句子用现在进行时。例如:
Listen! She is playing the piano.(听!她正在弹钢琴) 。
4.情景问答,例如:
Where is your mother?--She is watching TV in the living room.(你妈在哪?--她正在客厅看电视。)
四、用法
1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作:如:
My mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen.(我妈妈正在厨房做晚饭) 。
2.现阶段一直在进行的动作,但此刻不一定正在做:如:
We are learning about animals this week.(我们这周一直在学习有关动物的知识,说话时不一定正在学) 。
五、句式变换
1.肯定句:主语+be动词+动词现在分词+其他。例如:
He is drawing a picture.(他正在画画) 。
2.否定句:在be动词后加not。即主语+be动词+not+动词现在分词+其他。例如:
He is not drawing a picture.(他没有在画画),is not可缩写为isn't,are not可缩写为aren't。
3.一般疑问句:把be动词提到主语前面,即Be动词+主语+动词现在分词+其他?回答时,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+be动词.”;否定回答用“No, 主语+be动词+not.” 例如:
Is he drawing a picture? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.(他正在画画吗?是的,他在画。/ 不,他不在画) 。
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+动词现在分词+其他?例如:
What is he doing?(他正在做什么?) 。
六、综合练习
一)、写出下列动词的现在分词形式
1.play ______
2.swim ______
3.write ______
4.run ______
5.eat ______
6.make ______
7.dance ______
8.sit ______
9.sing ______
10.jump ______
二)、用所给动词的适当形式填空
11.Look! The boy ______ (ride) a bike.
12.Listen! They ______ (sing) an English song.
13.I ______ (do) my homework now.
14.My mother ______ (cook) dinner in the kitchen at the moment.
15.The students ______ (read) books in the classroom now.
16.What ______ you ______ (do) now?
17.He ______ (not play) football. He is playing basketball.
18.______ she ______ (watch) TV? Yes, she is.
三)、按要求完成句子
19.They are cleaning the classroom.(改为否定句)
20.The girl is drawing a picture.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
21.I am reading a storybook.(对划线部分提问)
22.Is he doing his homework?(作否定回答)
23.The boys are playing games under the tree.(对划线部分提问)
四)、选择正确的答案
24.Look! The cat ______ up the tree.
A. climb B. is climbing C. climbing
25.-What are you doing? -I ______ TV.
A. watch B. watching C. am watching
26.Listen! The birds ______ in the tree.
A. sing B. is singing C. are singing
27.She ______ dinner now.
A. is cooking B. cooks C. cooking
28.-______ they playing football? -Yes, they are.
A. Do B. Are C. Is
五)、阅读理解,判断正(T)误(F)
It's Sunday morning. The weather is fine. There are many children in the park. Some girls are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some boys are playing football on the grass. Li Lei is reading a book by the lake. Tom is drawing pictures near the lake. Lucy and Lily are sitting on the bench and eating ice - cream. They are having a good time.
( ) 1. It's Sunday afternoon.
( ) 2. Some girls are singing and dancing under a small tree.
( ) 3. Some boys are playing basketball on the grass.
( ) 4. Li Lei is reading a book by the lake.
( ) 5. Lucy and Lily are eating ice - cream on the bench.
一般将来时
一、定义
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow(明天)、next week(下周)、in the future(在未来) 等。比如,
“I will go to school tomorrow.”(我明天要去上学),描述的就是明天要发生的动作。
二、表达结构及用法
(一)will+动词原形
1.肯定句:“will + 动词原形”,will没有人称和数的变化,所有人称(I/you/he/she/it/we/they等)都用will。,例如:
He will play football tomorrow.(他明天将踢足球。)
They will visit their grandparents next week.(他们下周将去看望祖父母。)
2.否定句:主语 + will not(won't)+ 动词原形 + 其他。例如:
I will not(won't)go to the park today.(我今天不会去公园。)
3.一般疑问句:Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + will. 否定回答:No, 主语 + won't. 例如:Will she come to the party?
Yes, she will. / No, she won't.(她会来参加派对吗?是的,她会。/ 不,她不会。)
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:
What will you do this weekend?(你这个周末要做什么?)--回答要做的事。
(2) be going to+动词原形
表示打算、计划、准备做某事,或根据某种迹象推测即将发生的事。
1.肯定句:be动词有人称和数的变化,即am/is/are,具体用法为:
I am going to...;
he/she/it is going to...;
you/we/they are going to...。,例如:
I am going to buy a new book.(我打算买一本新书。)
It is going to rain soon. Look at those black clouds.(马上要下雨了。看那些乌云。)
2.否定句:主语 + be not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:
She isn't going to watch TV tonight.(她今晚不打算看电视。)
3.一般疑问句:Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + be. 否定回答:No, 主语 + be not.例如:
Is he going to play basketball? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.(他打算打篮球吗?是的,他打算打。/ 不,他不打算打。)
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:
Where are you going to visit during the holiday?(你假期打算去哪里游玩?)
三、时间状语
1.tomorrow系列:tomorrow(明天)、tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening(明天早上/下午/晚上)。例如:
I will clean my room tomorrow.(我明天要打扫房间。)
2.next系列:next week/month/year/Sunday 等,表示“下一周/月/年/周日”。例如:
We are going to have a party next month.(我们下个月要举办一个派对。)
3.in+时间段:in two days(两天后)、in a week(一周后)等。例如:
He will come back in three days.(他三天后会回来。)
四、will与be going to的区别
1.表达意图差异:
0. will:常用来表达临时决定。例如,突然看到外面下雨,说“Oh, it's raining. I will take an umbrella.”(哦,下雨了。我要拿把伞。)
0. be going to:侧重表达事先经过考虑、计划的打算。例如,“I am going to study for the test this weekend.”(我这个周末打算为考试学习。)这是之前就计划好的。
2.表达推测差异:
0. will:对未来情况的预测,没有太多依据。如,“I think it will be sunny tomorrow.”(我觉得明天会是晴天。)
0. be going to:根据目前迹象推测即将发生的事。如,看到天空乌云密布,说“It's going to rain.”(要下雨了 。) 因为有明显的迹象表明即将下雨。
5、 综合练习
一)、单项选择
1.I ______ a film tomorrow evening.
A. will see B. sees C. seeing
2.There ______ a football match in our school next week.
A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be
3.—______ you ______ shopping with me this afternoon?—Yes, I will.
A. Will; go B. Are; going to C. Do; go
4.She ______ visit her grandparents this weekend.
A. am going to B. is going to C. are going to
5.They ______ to the park if it ______ fine tomorrow.
A. will go; is B. go; is C. will go; will be
二)、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6.My sister ______ (visit) the Great Wall next month.
7.______ you ______ (play) basketball with us tomorrow?
8.There ______ (be) a concert in our city next Saturday.
9.He ______ (not go) to school by bike tomorrow. He will take a bus.
10.Look at the clouds. It ______ (rain) soon.
三)、按要求完成句子
11.I will play football with my friends this weekend. (改为一般疑问句)
12.She is going to buy a new dress. (对划线部分提问)
13.They will have a party next Sunday. (改为否定句)
14.The students are going to have a picnic in the park. (对划线部分提问)
15.Is he going to watch TV tonight? (作肯定回答)
四)、根据汉语提示完成句子
16.我明天要去看电影。I ______ ______ ______ see a movie tomorrow.
17.下周我们学校将有一场运动会。______ ______ ______ a sports meeting in our school next week.
18.她打算明天早上做什么?______ ______ she ______ ______ do tomorrow morning?
19.他们不会在公园里踢足球。They ______ ______ football in the park.
20.如果你努力学习,你将会取得好成绩。If you study hard, you ______ ______ good grades.
五)、阅读理解,判断正(T)误(F)
The Smiths are going to have a picnic in the park this Sunday. They are getting ready for it. Mrs. Smith is going to buy some food and drinks. Mr. Smith is going to borrow a car from his friend. They are going to fly a kite in the park. Tom, their son, is going to draw some pictures. He wants to show the pictures to his classmates. They think they will have a good time.
( ) 1. The Smiths are going to have a picnic this Saturday.
( ) 2. Mrs. Smith is going to buy some food and drinks.
( ) 3. Mr. Smith is going to buy a car.
( ) 4. Tom is going to fly a kite.
( ) 5. The Smiths think they will enjoy themselves.
一般过去时
一、定义
一般过去时用于表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例如,“I went to school yesterday.”(我昨天去上学了),“went”这个动作发生在过去的“昨天” 。
二、动词过去式变化规则
(一)规则变化
1.一般情况:在动词原形后直接加 -ed 。例如:
work - worked(工作),play - played(玩),look - looked(看)。
2.以不发音的e结尾:直接加 -d 。例如:
live - lived(居住),hope - hoped(希望),use - used(使用)。
3.以“辅音字母 + y”结尾:变y为i,再加 -ed 。例如:
study - studied(学习),carry - carried(携带),try - tried(尝试)。
4.以重读闭音节结尾:末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再加 -ed 。例如:
stop - stopped(停止),shop - shopped(购物),drop - dropped(落下)。
(二)不规则变化
常见特殊形式:有许多动词的过去式变化不遵循上述规则,需特殊记忆。
be动词(am/is - was,are - were),go - went(去),do - did(做),have - had(有),eat - ate(吃),see - saw(看见),get - got(得到) 。
三、时间状语
1.yesterday系列:yesterday(昨天),yesterday morning/afternoon/evening(昨天早上/下午/晚上)。例如:
I cleaned my room yesterday.(我昨天打扫了房间。)
2.last系列:last night/week/month/year(昨晚/上周/上个月/去年)。例如:
We visited our grandparents last week.(我们上周去看望了祖父母。)
3.时间段 + ago:two days ago(两天前),three years ago(三年前)。例如:
He started to learn English three years ago.(他三年前开始学英语。)
4.具体过去时间点:如in 2020(在2020年),at 8:00 yesterday morning(昨天早上八点)。例如:
I was at home at 8:00 yesterday morning.(昨天早上八点我在家。)
四、句式结构
1.肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。例如:
She played basketball yesterday.(她昨天打篮球了。)
2.否定句:主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他。(didn't是did not的缩写),例如:
He didn't go to school yesterday.(他昨天没去上学。)
3.一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答:No, 主语 + didn't.,例如:
Did you do your homework last night? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.(你昨晚做作业了吗?是的,我做了。/ 不,我没做。)
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?,例如:
What did you do last weekend?(你上周末做什么了?)
五、用法
1.过去发生的动作:强调动作在过去某个时间已经完成。例如:
I bought a book in the bookstore yesterday.(我昨天在书店买了一本书。)
2. 过去存在的状态:描述过去某个时间段内主语所处的状态。例如:
He was happy last week.(他上周很开心。)
3. 过去的习惯或经常发生的动作:常与表示频度的副词连用,如always(总是),often(经常),usually(通常)等。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football with my friends.(当我还是个孩子的时候,我经常和朋友们踢足球。)
六、综合练习
一)、写出下列动词的过去式
1.play - ______
2.visit - ______
3.study - ______
4.stop - ______
5.live - ______
6.have - ______
7.go - ______
8.see - ______
9.eat - ______
10.do - ______
二)、用所给动词的适当形式填空
11.I ______ (go) to school by bike yesterday.
12.She ______ (play) the piano last night.
13.They ______ (visit) their grandparents last weekend.
14.He ______ (not do) his homework yesterday.
15.We ______ (see) a movie last Sunday.
三)、按要求完成句子
16.I watched TV last night.(改为否定句)
17.He played football yesterday.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
18.She did her homework at home.(对划线部分提问)
19.They went to the park last Saturday.(对划线部分提问)
20.Did you read a book yesterday?(作否定回答)
四)、选择正确答案
21.-What ______ you do last weekend? -I ______ my room.
A. did; clean B. do; cleaned C. did; cleaned
22.She ______ to school early yesterday.
A. go B. went C. goes
23.-______ he play basketball yesterday? -Yes, he ______.
A. Did; did B. Does; does C. Is; is
24.I ______ a lot of fun last holiday.
A. have B. had C. has
25.They ______ not at home yesterday.
A. are B. were C. was
五)、阅读理解
Yesterday was Sunday. The weather was fine. I went to the park with my parents. We saw many beautiful flowers and trees in the park. There were also a lot of people there. Some children were flying kites, and some old people were doing Tai Chi. We had a picnic on the grass. We ate sandwiches, fruits and drank juice. After that, we played games together. We really had a good time.
26.What day was it yesterday?
27.How was the weather?
28.Where did they go?
29.What did the children do in the park?
30.Did they have a good time?
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