主谓一致2课件-2025届高三英语一轮复习

主谓一致是指谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致,遵循三个原则: 语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则 课前复习 1' 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 主谓一致2 学习目标1' By the end of this class, you will be able to: 1. improve your ability to analyze sentence structure. 2. develop the ability to write correctly. 3. communicate with others by using precise sentences. 3 问题导学一1’ 主语：动词的不定式or动名词， 谓语用单数or复数? 主谓一致的三条原则 名词化的形容词作主语 有些形容词加上 the,如 the old、the young、the rich、the poor、 the blind（盲人）、the deaf（聋人）、the dead等,用来表示一类人时,其意义为复数,谓语动词需用复数形式;表示一类物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数. The old are more likely to catch a cold than the young. The beautiful goes with the true and the good. 美与真、善相辅相成。 点拨运用一14’ 主谓一致的三条原则 复数形式单数意义的名词作主语 1.以-ics 结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Mathematics is the science of numbers. Physics is one of the hardest subjects for a middle school student. 2.有些专有名词,如国名、人名、书名、组织机构名等作主语,形式上虽然是复数,但谓语动词还是要用单数。 The United States is in North America. The New york Times has a wide circulation. 主谓一致的三条原则 3.表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的可数名词复数作主语,通常看作整体,谓语动词用单数。 Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee. Six hundred miles is a long distance. 集体名词作主语 1.有些集体名词,如 people、 cattle、police 等形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词需用复数。 Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets. People read for pleasure during their spare time. 主谓一致的三条原则 2.有些集体名词,如 audience(观众)、army(陆军部队)、class(班)、crew(全体船员)crowd(人群)、family(家)、group(团,组)、public(公众)、team(队员)等作主语时若视为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;若着眼于组成该集体的每个成员时,谓语动词则用复数。 His family was poor and he used to sit in the family garage and draw pictures. My family are going on a trip this summer. 主谓一致的三条原则 3.有些以-sh、-ese、-ch 结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与 the 连用时表示复数含义,谓语动词用复数。 The English like to be with their families at Christmas. The Chinese are a hard-working people. The French are fond of champagne. 问题导学二1’ 主语：有修饰词， 谓语用单数or复数? 主谓一致的三条原则 有修饰语的名词作主语 1.含有单位词的名词作主语 (1)一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数,如trousers(裤子)、pants(短裤)、glasses(眼镜)、scissors(剪刀)等作主语,前面若无a pair of、a suit of、a set of、a series of等这类的单位词通常视为复数,谓语动词用复数:若带有单位词,则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 My blue trousers have worn out. This pair of glasses is very expensive. The two pairs of scissors are made in Hangzhou. 点拨运用二13’ 主谓一致的三条原则 (2)pile(堆)、mountain(山)、row(排)、mass(很多)、cup(杯)、basket(篮)、box(箱)、pack(包)、packet(小包)等组成的短语修饰主语,谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数形式而定。 Piles of rubbish have not only blocked the way, but polluted the environmentas well. A row of willows is lined on one side of the river. A packet of letters needs mailing. 主谓一致的三条原则 2.a group of和 a couple of修饰可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数。 A group of boys and girls are dancing to welcome Children's Day. A couple of days have passed since we parted. 3.a number of意为“许多”,修饰可数名词复数,作主语时,谓语用复数；the number of意为"……的数目”,修饰可数名词复数,作主语时,谓语用单数。 A number of other plants were found in America. The number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before. 主谓一致的三条原则 4.只修饰可数名词的 several、a few、quite a few、a great/good many 作主语或其修饰的名词或代词作主语,谓语动词都用复数形式。 Usually few regard their work as apleasure. We've collected a variety of books and a great many are to be sent to primary schools in the west of China. Several of us are determined to remain in the city after graduation. 5.some、plenty of、alot of、lots of等词既可修饰或指代可数名词,又可修饰或指代不可数名词,其谓语的形式应根据所修饰或指代的词而定。 A lot of students are coming to the meeting. A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 主谓一致的三条原则 主谓一致的三条原则 6.只修饰不可数名词的 a great/good deal of、a little、quite a little、a large amount of 等作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时,其谓语动词只用单数形式。 A great deal of time was wasted playing but ought to have been fully used. A large amount of medicine is needed in the area. 主谓一致的三条原则 9.当“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构作主语时,一般应根据 of 后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。 Nearly 20% of the students were absent that day. Two thirds of the money is mine. 主谓一致的三条原则 非谓语动词作主语 1.单独的不定式、 V-ing形式作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。 To prevent the air from being polluted is what we're now researching. Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 2.如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式；如果表达不同概念,谓语动词用复数。 To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. 主谓一致 语法一致原则 就近一致原则 意义一致原则 主语单数+谓语单数 主语复数+谓语复数 or either ... or... neither ... nor ... not only ... but also ... There be + 多个主语 连接主语时 谓语用单数的情况 谓语用复数的情况 谓语单复数根据表达意义确定的情况 课堂小结2' 1. (2024年新课标高考I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ______ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for __ first time. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 walks 2. (2024年新课标高考II卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about  (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways  Romeo and Juliet. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 were 重温高考真题:单句语法填空 当堂检测12’ the to 3. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷)They ______ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。 句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 were 4. (2024年1月浙江高考英语)Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs _______ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【解析】考查谓语时态和主谓一致。 分析句子结构可知，空白处应为谓语动词，句首有时间状语 Over the last two years，而且主语是复数形式，故填现在完成时 have started。 have started designed 5. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _____ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。 句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 were 6. (2022·新高考全国II卷) Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。 这是一个“sb. be doing sth.when...”句型，表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时,主语Henry是第三人称单数，所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。 was fixing 9. (2021·全国I卷) You can’t help wondering how hard it _____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。 句中主语是it，为单数。另外，句中有时间状语then，用过去时。故填was。 was 10. (2021·全国II卷) One of the biggest companies I wrote to _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。 句意:我写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知，这里描述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时；在“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构中，谓语动词用单数。故填was。 was 7. (2022·浙江卷1月) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _________________________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构来判断，句子中是一个动名词做主语，一般判断为单数。根据全文时态看，这里用一般现在时或现在完成时均可。故填is viewed / has been viewed。 is viewed / has been viewed 8. (2022·浙江卷1月) But Cobb and others _____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。 句中主语是Cobb and others，为复数。另外，句中有时间状语now，用现在时，和questioning一起构成现在进行时。故填are。 are 11. (2021·浙江卷6月) It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构分析，第二个分句中的主语是Lincoln’s home，表示单数。另外句中有since引导的时间状语从句，用完成时。故填has proved。 has proved 12. (2021·浙江卷6月) Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home _________ (paint) white. 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。句意：玛丽的侄女写道: “这个小家被漆成了白色。句子主语是表物的单数名词，又用于直接引语中，用现在时态。故填is painted。 13. (2021·浙江卷1月) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ___________ (consider) healthy. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本句中的主语是单数名词a BMI，表物。再根据上文的时态判断，用现在时。故填is considered。 is painted is considered 14. (2021·浙江卷1月) In cities, however, the gain _____ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men between 1985 and 2017. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本句上文中的那一句中有时间状语between 1985 and 2017，因此这个句子中也应用过去时态。故填was。 15. (2020·全国I卷) The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。 句意：博物馆向公众开放的部分称为画廊或画室。 句中的主语是表物的名词parts，是一个复数形式。故填are called。 was are called 16. (2020·全国I卷) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ____ (be) on display. 【解析】考查主谓一致。 句意：通常，博物馆的藏品只有一小部分在展出。句子中的主语是a small part，为单数。根据本句的上文可知，时态为现在时。故填is。 17. (2020·全国II卷) Because the number of possible topics _____ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. 【解析】考查主谓一致。 “the number of+可数名词的复数”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式，由于时态是一般现在时，所以填is。 is is 18. (2020·浙江卷6月) And, as more children were born, more food _________ (need), agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives. 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。 根据句子结构分析，此空应该和前一句保持一致，用被动形式。另外，more food是不可数名词，谓语用单数。故填was needed。 19. (2020·浙江卷1月) The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 ____ (be) 30 -- today it is 41 and is expected to increase to 42 by 2050. 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。 根据句子结构分析，句子主语是The median age，单数形式。再根据下文的时态判断，应用现在时态。故填is。 was needed is 20．(2019·全国I卷) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：在已经确认的19个北极熊亚种群中，有3个在减少，6个稳定，1个在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。 21. (2017·全国Ⅰ) Fast food ____ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 【解析】根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填 be的第三人称单数形式is。 are is 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 Thanks for listening. $$