2024-2025学年高二英语寒假作业 单词复习+习题精做 每天80分钟 选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Working the Land 学习测试版+答案解析版

第1部分 巩固提升 选择性必修第一册 2025高二寒假作业 每天80分钟 答案解析版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 Unit 5 Working the Land Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. hybrid n. 杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车 2. crisis n. (pl. crises)危机；危急关头 3. characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的 4. conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 5. pollinate vt. 授粉；传粉 6. domestic adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 7. strain n. (动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力 8. celebrity n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流 9. envision vt. 展望；想象 10. sorghum n. 高粱；高粱米 11. broom n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花 12. grain n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒 13. urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的 14. bomb n. 炸弹 vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹 15. tunnel n. 地下通道；地道；隧道 16. wheat n. 小麦；小麦籽 17. flavour(NAmE -vor) n. 味道；特点；特色 18. fertiliser(NAmE -izer) n. 肥料 19. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 20. organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 21. pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物 22. bacterium n. (pl. bacteria)细菌 23. grocery n. 食品杂货店；[pl. ]食品杂货 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. tackle vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 2. boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 3. yield n. 产量；产出 vt. 出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi. 屈服；让步 4. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到 5. intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 6. overcome vt. (overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜 7. output n. 产量；输出；输出量 vt. (output，output)输出 8. estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 9. comprise vt. 包括；包含；由……组成 10. generate vt. 产生；引起 11. leisure n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲 12. soil n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土 13. vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 14. reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实 15. alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解 16. widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 17. digest vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘 18. essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 19. mineral n. 矿物；矿物质 20. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 21. instance n. 例子；实例；事例 22. batch n. 一批；一组 vt. 分批处理 23. root n. 根；根茎；根部；根源 24. aspect n. 方面；层面 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；挚爱→devoted adj. 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的 2. shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺→short adj. 短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的 3. convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj. 有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的 4. assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume v. 假定；设想；承担→assuming conj. 假定；假设 5. expand vt. & vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩充 6. consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt. 消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n. 消费者；用户；客户 7. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的→salt n. 盐 8. extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt. 伸开；展开；延伸→extensive adj. 广阔的；大规模的；广泛的 9. chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品→chemistry n. 化学→chemically adv. 化学上地→chemist n. 化学家；药剂师 10. nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n. 营养；滋养 11. depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj. 深的→deeply adv. 深深地；强烈地→deepen vt. 加深；(使)变深 12. entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj. 全部的；完全的 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. devote. . . to把……用于；献身；致力；专心 2. be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 3. deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4. in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5. for instance例如；比如 6. be like. . . 像…… 7. fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想 8. in fact事实上 9. turn to转向；求助于 10. be ready for为……做准备 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. (that引导的表语从句) 然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。 2. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. (how引导的主语从句) 如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。 3. However，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. (whether引导的主语从句) 然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。 4. Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. (given that引导的原因状语从句) 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 5. Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops. (why引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句) 种植不同作物是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。 晨检得分 _______/_________ · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. crisis n. 危机；危急关头 2. characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的 3. conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 4. domestic adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 5. celebrity n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流 6. grocery n. 食品杂货店；[pl. ] 食品杂货 7. urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的 8. tunnel n. 地下通道；地道；隧道 9. organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 10. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1. 5分，共15分) 1. tackle vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 2. boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 3. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到 4. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 5. overcome vt. 克服；解决；战胜 6. widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 7. estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 8. digest vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘 9. leisure n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲 10. essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分) 1. devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；热爱→devoted adj. 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的 2. convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj. 有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的 3. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的→salt n. 盐 4. extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt. 伸开；展开；延伸→extensive adj. 广阔的；大规模的；广泛的 5. nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n. 营养；滋养 Ⅳ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1. devote. . . to把……用于；献身；致力；专心 2. in fact事实上 3. be like. . . 像…… 4. deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 5. be ready for为……做准备 · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ. 词形变化填空(每小题2. 5分，共20分) 1. He is so devoted to his English teaching that everyone admires him for his devotion and he devotes his spare time to writing short stories. (devote) 2. As is known to all，as consumers，we consume a lot of food every year and the huge consumption causes great pressure to our government. (consume) 3. Since I was young，I have been interested in chemistry and chemical changes and now I have become a chemist. (chemistry) 4. We will discuss the problem in depth to deepen our understanding so that we can understand it deeply. (depth) 5. More and more countries in the world are short of water，and global water shortages are becoming increasingly serious. (short) 6. On the assumption that I am chosen as the chairman，I will definitely assume relevant responsibility and assuming I come across those in trouble，I will help them. (assume) 7. The book is an expansion of a series of lectures given last year，so you are capable of expanding your knowledge by reading it. (expand) 8. I entirely support you and thus，you can tell me your entire plan. (entire) Ⅱ. 选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1. All of the students answered the teacher’s questions in turn，which made the teacher quite happy. 2. Their talk gradually turned to the change that had taken place in the city. 3. Many great men have risen from poverty—Lincoln and Edison，for instance. 4. Our class is comprised of six groups and each group will discuss some difficult problems after class. 5. I have been studying hard with the objective of fulfilling my dreams. Ⅲ. 经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1. 给我印象最深的是，每当我遇到困难时，我的叔叔都会激励我坚持我的梦想。(that引导的表语从句) What impresses me most is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties. 2. 如何能说服大卫接受挑战是我正在思考的事情。(how引导的主语从句)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) How I could persuade David to accept the challenge was what I was thinking about. 3. 我们能否保护海洋取决于我们从现在起将会做些什么。(whether引导的主语从句)(2022·全国甲，书面表达) Whether we can protect our oceans depends on what we will do from now on. 4. 鉴于你对中国传统文化如此感兴趣，我邀请你参加我们学校的文化艺术节。(given that引导的原因状语从句) Given that you are so interested in traditional Chinese culture，I invite you to take part in the Culture and Art Festival in our school. 5. 我经常读英文报是因为它对我英语学习的进步有很大的帮助。(why引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) Why I regularly read the English newspaper is that it contributes a lot to my progress in English learning. 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与社会之讲述Rachel Carson的生平事迹 应用文 498 适中(0. 65) B 人与社会之物理学家Stephen Hawking的个人经历以及成就 说明文 332 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与社会之全素农业的优势 说明文 369 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之科学家和艺术家Maria Sibylla Merian的生平事迹 说明文 471 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与社会之约翰·斯诺医生击败“霍乱王”的故事 说明文 190 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 对于你校正在举办英语主题征文活动这一情况 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （24-25高二上·广东中山·阶段练习）Rachel Carson was a science writer widely respected for her books about oceans. But she also devoted years. gathering scientific research that would awaken the public to the dangers of modern chemical pesticides. Her work, Silent Spring, became one of the most influential books of the 20th century. And it launched the modern environmental movement. Born in Pennsylvania, she became a marine (海洋的) scientist working for the US government, primarily as a writer and editor. Her first three books, Under the Sea-Wind, The Sea Around Us, and The Edge of the Sea were physical explanation of life in and near the sea. They made Carson one of the best-known and respected science writers. But then she turned her time and talents to a new subject. Carson had been concerned about the dangers of the pesticide DDT since the mid-1940s. At first DDT was a symbol of the progress of modern chemistry. It had saved countless lives by killing lice (虱子) and mosquitoes that spread deadly diseases. But Carson doubted that spreading large quantities of poison throughout the environment could be completely safe. She painstakingly gathered research to prove that chemical industry were overconfident about the safety of chemicals that hadn’t been tested. Carson published her research as a book, Silent Spring, in 1962. It caused an uproar. Carson was immediately attacked by the chemical industry. Millions of citizens tuned in to watch a television program analyzing the issue. Carson’s calm and reasoned arguments turned the audience in her favor. Finally, her work convinced the president to call for an investigation. Eventually 12 of the most toxic chemicals Carson wrote about in Silent Spring, including DDT, were banned. She grew physically weak and endured a lot of pain. Yet she refused to stop working on the book. She died on April 14, 1964, at the age of 56. Her writings helped move the nation toward a new understanding of how humankind depends on the interconnection of all forms of life on Earth. 1. Why did Carson turned to a new field after she got famous? A. She was doubtful about effectiveness of DDT. B. She was interested in the life-saving DDT at that time. C. She was surprised that DDT could kill lice and mosquitoes D. She was worried about the harm caused by overuse of DDT. 2. What does the underlined word “uproar” probably mean? A. Discussion. B. Criticism. C. Agreement. D. Interruption. 3. What finally changed the public view of chemical safety? A. Carson’s first three books. B. The investigation of the president. C. Carson’s silence about the attacks. D. The arguments Carson presented on TV. 4. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. An Inspiring Research on a Book. B. First Woman Marine Scientist. C. A Revolutionary Call for Action. D. A Pioneer in Environmental Protection. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】说明文、科学家 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述Rachel Carson的生平事迹，特别是她作为科学作家在环境保护领域所做出的贡献。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Carson had been concerned about the dangers of the pesticide DDT since the mid-1940s. At first DDT was a symbol of the progress of modern chemistry. It had saved countless lives by killing lice(虱子) and mosquitoes that spread deadly diseases. But Carson doubted that spreading large quantities of poison throughout the environment could be completely safe. (自20世纪40年代中期起，Carson就开始担忧杀虫剂滴滴涕的危害。起初，滴滴涕是现代化学进步的象征。它通过杀灭传播致命疾病的虱子和蚊子，拯救了无数生命。但Carson怀疑，在整个环境中大面积播撒毒药是否能完全安全。)”可知，Carson自20世纪40年代中期就开始担心杀虫剂 DDT 的危害，她怀疑在环境中大量播撒毒药是否完全安全。所以她在成名后转向新领域的原因是她担心过度使用 DDT 所造成的危害。故选D。 2. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Carson was immediately attacked by the chemical industry. (Carson立刻遭到了化工行业的抨击)”可推测，《寂静的春天》这本书出版后引发的并不是积极友好的反应。由此可知，划线词uproar为“批评、抨击”之意，与后文提到卡森遭到化工行业攻击相呼应，说明这本书出版后引起了很大的争议、遭到了批评。选项B“Criticism”，意为“抨击”与此相符。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Millions of citizens tuned in to watch a television program analyzing the issue. Carson’s calm and reasoned arguments turned the audience in her favor. (数百万民众收看了一档分析这一问题的电视节目。Carson冷静且有理有据的论点使观众站到了她这一边。)”可知，Carson在电视节目中呈现的论点最终改变了公众对化学物质安全性的看法。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇介绍了Rachel Carson作为科学作家因写海洋相关书籍而知名，接着重点讲述了她将精力投入到对现代化学农药危害的研究中，出版了极具影响力的《寂静的春天》一书，尽管遭到化工行业攻击，但凭借有理有据的论证改变了公众看法，唤醒了公众对现代化学杀虫剂危害的认识。选项C“A Revolutionary Call for Action(一个革命性的行动号召)”与此相符。故选C。 B （24-25高二上·安徽亳州·阶段练习）Stephen Hawking was a famous physicist. He was born in 1942. He died at his home on March 14th, 2018 in Cambridge, Britain. As one of the well-known physicists on space and time in the world, Hawking devoted his whole life to discovering the secrets of the universe, and he is called the King of the Universe. Since he was 21 years old, Hawking had been badly ill, but he didn’t give up his hope of living. He went on to study at Cambridge University after graduating from Oxford University. In 1965, he got a doctor’s degree. Then he worked as a professor at Cambridge University. Hawking was known for his work with black holes. He also wrote several popular science books. Although he didn’t live as freely as others, he still felt he was happy and he was thankful to life. When Hawking was invited to China, he made speeches in some famous universities. From Stephen Hawking’s whole life, we learn that no matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope. As he once said, “Life is not fair. You just have to do the best you can in your own situation. ” 5. What is Hawking called according to paragraph 2? A. The Father of Clock. B. The Father of Rice. C. The King of Comedy. D. The King of the Universe. 6. When did Hawking get his doctor’s degree? A. In 1942. B. In 1965. C. In 1976. D. In 2018. 7. What was Hawking known for? A. Black holes. B. Empty holes. C. Steam engines. D. Light bulbs. 8. What does Stephen Hawking’s life tell us? A. A good beginning makes a good ending. B. Winners can deal with all the difficulties. C. No matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope. D. An interest in science will give us a lot in the life. 【答案】5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 【难度】0. 94 【知识点】记叙文、科学家 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了物理学家Stephen Hawking的个人经历以及成就。 5. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As one of the well-known physicists on space and time in the world, Hawking devoted his whole life to discovering the secrets of the universe, and he is called the King of the Universe. (作为世界上关于空间和时间最著名的物理学家，Hawking将他的一生致力于发现宇宙的秘密，他被称为宇宙之王。)”可知，Hawking被称为宇宙之王，故选D。 6. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 1965, he got a doctor’s degree. (在1965年，他获得了博士学位。)”可知，Hawking在1965年获得了博士学位，故选B。 7. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Hawking was known for his work with black holes. (Hawking因其对黑洞的研究而闻名。)”可知，Hawking因其对黑洞的研究而闻名，故选A。 8. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“From Stephen Hawking’s whole life, we learn that no matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope. (从Stephen Hawking的一生我们可以知道，无论生活有多糟糕，我们都不应该失去希望。)”可推知，霍金的一生告诉我们，无论生活有多糟糕，我们都不应该失去希望，故选C。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （2023·安徽铜陵·模拟预测）Vegan Agriculture Vegan farming (全素农业) has become more and more popular. It is one of the most environmentally-friendly forms of agriculture. Vegan farming is a good way to grow plants such as vegetables without using animal-derived materials such as their waste. 9 Such an approach to farming also helps preserve the environment and regain soil richness and improve its biodiversity. 10 Organic farming uses natural products to grow plants — that can include even animal waste as fertilizers. On the other hand, vegan agriculture rejects animal-derived products and usually sticks with plant-based organic compounds, which means that, in general, vegan agriculture has stricter rules than organic farming. Additionally, vegan farming usually chooses more natural ways to protect the plants, like breaking cycles of plants’ diseases with mixed cropping (混作), using mechanical barriers (机械屏障) such as nets, or even attracting opposing organisms to fight the harmful ones. 11 However, they might be less effective against certain plant diseases or pests. One of the reasons to develop vegan agriculture is that the vegan way of farming replaces synthetic (合成的) pesticides and uses organic pesticides or other non-chemical methods to protect the crops. By contrast, in conventional agriculture, synthetic pesticides are on a very high level. 12 In the future, it is of great significance not to rely on animals’ waste to feed plants. Doing so is not only beneficial to vegans. 13 Even if today’s methods of vegan agriculture might not be perfect, scientists worldwide, together with vegan farmers, are working towards developing plant-based solutions as alternatives to animal-derived fertilizers. A. Accordingly, the amount of them in food products is much higher. B. Also, vegan farmers are far from applying synthetic fertilizers. C. It is apparent that vegan agriculture is not the same as organic farming. D. In today’s world, the vegan diet and lifestyle are increasingly popular. E. But it’s also good for the whole world, including other animals and plants. F. These ways affect the environment less than the ways of traditional farming. G. The rise of veganism creates new demand for more vegan-friendly agriculture. 【答案】9. B 10. C 11. F 12. A 13. E 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】环境保护、可持续农业 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了全素农业的优势。 9. 由设空处前一句“Vegan farming is a good way to grow plants such as vegetables without using animal-derived materials such as their waste. (全素农业是种植蔬菜等植物的一种方法。)”和后一句“Such an approach to farming also helps preserve the environment and regain soil richness and improve its biodiversity. (这种耕作方式不仅有助于保护环境、恢复土壤肥力，还有助于增加生物多样性。)”可知，设空处仍在说全素农业的好处。B项“全素种植者也绝不会使用合成肥料”符合题意。故选B。 10. 本段最后一句“On the other hand, vegan agriculture rejects animal-derived products and usually sticks with plant-based organic compounds, which means that, in general, vegan agriculture has stricter rules than organic farming. (另一方面，纯素农业拒绝动物来源的产品，通常坚持使用植物性有机化合物，这意味着，总的来说，纯素农业比有机农业有更严格的规定。)”可知，本段在说全素农业与有机农业是不一样的。结合选项，C项“很明显，全素农业和有机农业是不一样的”符合题意。故选C。 11. 前文“Additionally, vegan farming usually chooses more natural ways to protect the plants, like breaking cycles of plants’ diseases with mixed cropping (混作), using mechanical barriers (机械屏障) such as nets, or even attracting opposing organisms to fight the harmful ones. (此外，纯素农业通常选择更自然的方式来保护植物，比如通过混合种植打破植物疾病的循环，使用网状等机械屏障，甚至吸引对立的生物来对抗有害的生物)”介绍全素农业通常选择更自然的方式来保护植物。后文“However, they might be less effective against certain plant diseases or pests. (然而，它们对某些植物疾病或害虫可能不太有效)”出现转折，介绍这种方法的弊端，故推知空处应是这种方法的优势，F项“这些方式对环境的影响比传统农业方式要小”符合语境。故选F。 12. 前文“By contrast, in conventional agriculture, synthetic pesticides are on a very high level. (相比之下，在传统农业中，合成农药的用量非常高)”提到传统农业中合成农药的用量非常高，A项“因此，它们在食品中的含量要高得多”与前一句构成顺承关系，A项中“them”指代上文“synthetic pesticides”。故选A。 13. 前文“Doing so is not only beneficial to vegans. (这样做不仅对纯素食者有益)”介绍好处，结合选项，E项“但对整个世界也有好处，包括其他动物和植物”介绍对于动物和植物也是有益的。且“not only. . . but also”前后呼应。故选E。 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高二上·重庆·期中）In 17th-century Europe, it was unheard of for a woman to travel by herself, but that didn’t stop Maria Sibylla Merian. In 1699, she and her daughter Dorothea 14 from Amsterdam to Surinam in South America. The three-month voyage was 15 but she was determined to go. She wanted to be the first person to go to a foreign country to study and paint insects 16 from nature. When they arrived in Surinam, Maria and Dorothea 17 working. Day after day, they took their painting 18 into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants. Artists had never done such a thing before. Still life painters drew from dead specimens (标本). But Maria had always been interested in painting 19 animals and plants. In the rainforest, she 20 ladders (梯子) to study and collect insects. She had trees cut down so she could see what 21 at the top level of the forest more than a hundred feet overhead. Maria combined both 22 and science in her work. As a skilled 23 , she kept detailed notes. After two years, she had to 24 Surinam. The 25 was unbearable and she was ill with malaria. But she had more than enough material for a/an 26 . In June 1701, Maria and Dorothea went back to Amsterdam. Four years later, in 1705, Maria 27 the book for which she is best known, Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam. The paintings of insects and plants in their natural habitats 28 the scientific study of insects. 14. A. sailed B. flew C. drove D. walked 15. A. pleasant B. dangerous C. remarkable D. short 16. A. directly B. quickly C. gradually D. slightly 17. A. stopped B. started C. loved D. tried 18. A. prizes B. works C. materials D. paints 19. A. sick B. ancient C. living D. rare 20. A. invented B. extracted C. jumped D. climbed 21. A. wandered B. stretched C. floated D. lived 22. A. art B. music C. literature D. technology 23. A. observer B. student C. novelist D. journalist 24. A. leave B. bless C. defeat D. keep 25. A. insect B. smell C. heat D. food 26. A. essay B. journal C. painting D. book 27. A. published B. assessed C. banned D. adjusted 28. A. ceased B. advanced C. revealed D. opposed 【答案】 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. D 21. D 22. A 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】记叙文、科学家、艺术家 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章详细叙述了17世纪女性科学家和艺术家Maria Sibylla Merian的生平事迹，特别是她前往苏里南进行昆虫和植物研究并出版相关书籍的经历。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1699年，她和女儿Dorothea从阿姆斯特丹起航，前往南美洲的苏里南。A. sailed航行；B. flew飞行；C. drove驾驶；D. walked走路。根据下文“The three-month voyage was  ___2___  but she was determined to go. ”中的“voyage”可知，她和女儿从阿姆斯特丹起航。故选A。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然三个月的航行危险重重，但她却下定决心要去。A. pleasant愉快的；B. dangerous危险的；C. remarkable非凡的；D. short短的。根据上文“In 17th-century Europe, it was unheard of for a woman to travel by herself, but that didn’t stop Maria Sibylla Merian. ”以及常理可知，这三个月的航行非常危险。故选B。 16. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她希望成为第一个前往外国直接从大自然中研究和绘制昆虫的人。A. directly直接；B. quickly迅速；C. gradually逐渐；D. slightly稍微。根据下文“Day after day, they took their painting  ___5___  into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants. ”可知，她希望直接从大自然研究和绘制昆虫。故选A。 17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她们抵达苏里南时，Maria和Dorothea便开始投入工作。A. stopped停止；B. started开始；C. loved爱；D. tried尝试，尽力。根据下文“Day after day, they took their painting ___5___ into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants. ”可知，她们一到达就开始投入工作。故选B。 18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：日复一日，她们带着绘画材料进入炎热的热带雨林，收集和绘制昆虫与植物。A. prizes奖品；B. works作品；C. materials材料；D. paints油漆，颜料。根据空后的“draw insects and plants”可推测，她们是带着绘画材料进入雨林开始绘制昆虫和植物。故选C。 19. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但Maria一直对绘制活的动植物感兴趣。A. sick生病的；B. ancient古代的；C. living活着的；D. rare罕见的，稀有的。根据上文“Still life painters drew from dead specimens (标本)”可知，当时其他的静物画家都是根据死亡的标本进行绘制；根据本句句首的“but”可推测，Maria想要画活的动植物。故选C。 20. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在热带雨林中，她爬上梯子研究和收集昆虫。A. invented发明；B. extracted提取；C. jumped跳跃；D. climbed攀爬。根据空后的“ladders”可推测，她是爬上梯子研究昆虫。故选D。 21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她让人砍倒树木，以便能看到一百多英尺高的森林顶层生活着什么。A. wandered徘徊；B. stretched伸展；C. floated漂浮；D. lived居住，生活。根据上文“She had trees cut down”以及她进入雨林是为了研究昆虫可知，她让人砍倒树是为了看看树顶有什么生物生活着。故选D。 22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Maria将艺术与科学相结合，融入她的工作之中。A. art艺术；B. music音乐；C. literature文学；D. technology技术。根据上文“Day after day, they took their painting  ___5___  into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants”可知，Maria研究昆虫和植物并画下来。由此可知，Maria将艺术和科学相结合。故选A。 23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名敏锐的观察者，她详细记录了所见所闻。A. observer观察者；B. student学生；C. novelist小说家；D. journalist记者。根据下文“she kept detailed notes”可知，她是个很好的观察者，所以能详细记录了自己的所见所闻。故选A。 24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年后，她不得不离开苏里南。A. leave离开；B. bless祝福；C. defeat击败；D. keep维持。根据下文“In June 1701, Maria and Dorothea went back to Amsterdam. ”可知，她得离开苏里南。故选A。 25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那里的酷热难以忍受，她患上了疟疾。A. insect昆虫；B. smell气味；C. heat热；D. food食物。根据上文“they took their painting ___5___ into the hot rainforest”以及常理可知，苏里南温度很高，酷热难忍。故选C。 26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她已经积累了足够多的素材来撰写一本书。A. essay散文；B. journal日记，期刊；C. painting油画；D. book书。根据下文“Four years later, in 1705, Maria  ___14___  the book for which she is best known, Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam. ”可知，她已经积累了足够多的素材来撰写一本书。故选D。 27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后的1705年，Maria出版了她最为人所知的作品《苏里南昆虫变态图谱》。A. published出版；B. assessed评估；C. banned禁止；D. adjusted调整。根据空后“the book for which she is best known, Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam. ”可知，她出版了一本书。故选A。 28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：书中描绘了昆虫和植物在其自然栖息地中的画面，推动了昆虫的科学研究。A. ceased停止；B. advanced前进，推动；C. revealed揭露；D. opposed反对。根据常理可知，书中描绘了昆虫和植物在其自然栖息地中的画面，这会推动了昆虫的科学研究。故选B。 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) （24-25高二上·新疆·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或所给单词的正确形式。 In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe. No one knew how to prevent or treat it. John Snow, a British doctor, felt 29 (frustrate). But he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and 30 all. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread, and Snow subscribed to the second theory that cholera 31 (cause) by an infection from germs in food or water. It was correct, but abundant proof was still needed. He was 32 (determine) to find out why. Snow began by 33 (mark) on a map the exact places 34 all those who died had lived. Snow doubted if the water pump was 35 (blame). At last, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump 36 (remove). Through his intervene, the disease was stopped in its tracks. 37 (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks 38 the work of John Snow. Moreover, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered as father of modern epidemiology. 【答案】 29. frustrated 30. for 31. was caused 32. determined 33. marking 34. where 35. to blame 36. removed 37. Fortunately 38. to 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】疾病 、科学家 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了约翰·斯诺医生击败“霍乱王”的故事。 29. 考查形容词。句意：英国医生约翰·斯诺感到很沮丧。felt为系动词，后面需加形容词作表语，此处表示人的感受，需用-ed结尾的形容词frustrated“沮丧的”。故填frustrated。 30. 考查介词。句意：但他从未失去彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。once and for all为固定短语，意为“彻底地，一劳永逸”。故填for。 31. 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：一般来说，当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的，斯诺赞同第二种理论，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。根据subscribed可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语cholera和cause为被动关系，用被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构是was/were caused。主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was caused。 32. 考查形容词。句意：他决心找出原因。此处作表语，修饰人，应用形容词determined“下定决心的”。故填determined。 33. 考查非谓语动词。句意：斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者居住过的确切地点。by为介词，后面需加动名词作宾语。故填marking。 34. 考查定语从句。句意：斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者居住过的确切地点。空处引导定语从句，先行词是places，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 35. 考查非谓语动词。句意：斯诺怀疑水泵是不是罪魁祸首。be to blame为固定用法，意为“应该负责，该受责备”，此处主动形式表示被动意义。故填to blame。 36. 考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，他请人把水泵的把手取了下来。have sth. done为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，the handle of the pump和remove为动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填removed。 37. 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，多亏了约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Fortunately。 38. 考查介词。句意：幸运的是，多亏了约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。固定短语thank to表示“多亏，由于”，to是介词。故填to。 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） 39. （24-25高二上·内蒙古兴安盟·阶段练习）假定你是李华，你校正在举办英语主题征文活动，请你写一篇英语短文，介绍你最敬佩的人——袁隆平。 1. 人物简介：1930年生于北京；毕业于西南农业大学（Southwest Agricultural College）; 1974他研制成功的杂交水稻（hybrid rice） 用于农业。 2. 令人敬佩的原因。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930. He graduated from Southwest Agricultural College. In1974, he successfully developed hybrid rice for agricultural use. He is an outstanding scientist. His research greatly increased rice production, which has helped feed countless people around the world. His dedication to agriculture and the pursuit of scientific truth is truly admirable. His work has made a huge contribution to global food security and agricultural development. 【难度】0. 65 【知识点】个人信息 、科学家 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于你校正在举办英语主题征文活动这一情况，写一篇英语短文，介绍你最敬佩的人——袁隆平。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 杰出的：outstanding→ excellent 提高：increased →enhanced 巨大的：huge→ enormous 极大地：greatly→ vastly 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930. He graduated from Southwest Agricultural College. 拓展句：Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930, who graduated from Southwest Agricultural College. 【点睛】【高分句型1】His research greatly increased rice production, which has helped feed countless people around the world. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】His work has made a huge contribution to global food security and agricultural development. （运用了make a contribution to sth的固定短语。） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第1部分 巩固提升 选择性必修第一册 2025高二寒假作业 每天80分钟 学习测验版 单词复习+习题精做 习作时间 2025年 月 日 单元话题 选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land 主要内容 20分钟晨读 夯实基础 ——复习词汇和句法知识 20分钟晨检 查漏补缺 ——词汇和句法知识测试 40分钟综合能力提升 习题精做——单元话题相关全国各地真题试题精选 Unit 5 Working the Land Ⅰ. 阅读单词——会意 1. hybrid n. 杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车 2. crisis n. (pl. crises)危机；危急关头 3. characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的 4. conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 5. pollinate vt. 授粉；传粉 6. domestic adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 7. strain n. (动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力 8. celebrity n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流 9. envision vt. 展望；想象 10. sorghum n. 高粱；高粱米 11. broom n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花 12. grain n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒 13. urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的 14. bomb n. 炸弹 vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹 15. tunnel n. 地下通道；地道；隧道 16. wheat n. 小麦；小麦籽 17. flavour(NAmE -vor) n. 味道；特点；特色 18. fertiliser(NAmE -izer) n. 肥料 19. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 20. organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 21. pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物 22. bacterium n. (pl. bacteria)细菌 23. grocery n. 食品杂货店；[pl. ]食品杂货 Ⅱ. 重点单词——记形 1. tackle vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 2. boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 3. yield n. 产量；产出 vt. 出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi. 屈服；让步 4. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到 5. intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 6. overcome vt. (overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜 7. output n. 产量；输出；输出量 vt. (output，output)输出 8. estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 9. comprise vt. 包括；包含；由……组成 10. generate vt. 产生；引起 11. leisure n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲 12. soil n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土 13. vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 14. reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实 15. alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解 16. widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 17. digest vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘 18. essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 19. mineral n. 矿物；矿物质 20. alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 21. instance n. 例子；实例；事例 22. batch n. 一批；一组 vt. 分批处理 23. root n. 根；根茎；根部；根源 24. aspect n. 方面；层面 Ⅲ. 拓展单词——悉变 1. devote vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；挚爱→devoted adj. 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的 2. shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺→short adj. 短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的 3. convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj. 有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的 4. assumption n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume v. 假定；设想；承担→assuming conj. 假定；假设 5. expand vt. & vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩充 6. consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt. 消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n. 消费者；用户；客户 7. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的→salt n. 盐 8. extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt. 伸开；展开；延伸→extensive adj. 广阔的；大规模的；广泛的 9. chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品→chemistry n. 化学→chemically adv. 化学上地→chemist n. 化学家；药剂师 10. nutritional adj. 营养(物)的→nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n. 营养；滋养 11. depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj. 深的→deeply adv. 深深地；强烈地→deepen vt. 加深；(使)变深 12. entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj. 全部的；完全的 Ⅳ. 背核心短语 1. devote. . . to把……用于；献身；致力；专心 2. be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 3. deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4. in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5. for instance例如；比如 6. be like. . . 像…… 7. fulfil one’s dreams 实现某人的梦想 8. in fact事实上 9. turn to转向；求助于 10. be ready for为……做准备 Ⅴ. 悟经典句式 1. However，what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. (that引导的表语从句) 然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。 2. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. (how引导的主语从句) 如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。 3. However，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. (whether引导的主语从句) 然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。 4. Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. (given that引导的原因状语从句) 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 5. Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops. (why引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句) 种植不同作物是为了把重要的矿物质重新放回土壤之中，让土壤为下一批作物(的种植)做好准备。 晨检得分 _______/_________ · 基础必背内容默写 Ⅰ. 阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分) 1. crisis n. ___________________ 2. characteristic n. ___________________ adj. ___________________ 3. conventional adj. ___________________ 4. domestic adj. ___________________ 5. celebrity n. ___________________ 6. grocery n. ___________________；[pl. ] ___________________ 7. urban adj. ___________________ 8. tunnel n. ___________________ 9. organic adj. ___________________ 10. poverty n. ___________________ Ⅱ. 重点单词(每小题1. 5分，共15分) 1. ___________________ vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理 2. ___________________ vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 3. ___________________ vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到 4. ___________________ n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 5. ___________________ vt. 克服；解决；战胜 6. ___________________ adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 7. ___________________ vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 8. ___________________ vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘 9. ___________________ n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲 10. ___________________ adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 Ⅲ. 拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分) 1. ___________________ vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→___________________ n. 奉献；忠诚；热爱→___________________ adj. 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的 2. ___________________ vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→___________________ adj. 有说服力的；使人信服的→___________________ adj. 确信的；坚信的 3. ___________________ adj. 含盐的；咸的→___________________ n. 盐 4. ___________________ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→___________________ vt. 伸开；展开；延伸→___________________ adj. 广阔的；大规模的；广泛的 5. ___________________ adj. 营养(物)的→___________________ adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的→___________________ n. 营养；滋养 Ⅳ. 核心短语(每小题2分，共10分) 1. ___________________把……用于；献身；致力；专心 2. ___________________事实上 3. ___________________像…… 4. ___________________在内心深处；本质上；实际上 5. ___________________为……做准备 · 基础必背内容，语境应用 Ⅰ. 词形变化填空(每小题2. 5分，共20分) 1. He is so ___________________ to his English teaching that everyone admires him for his ___________________ and he ___________________ his spare time to writing short stories. (devote) 2. As is known to all，as ___________________，we ___________________ a lot of food every year and the huge ___________________ causes great pressure to our government. (consume) 3. Since I was young，I have been interested in ___________________ and ___________________ changes and now I have become a ___________________. (chemistry) 4. We will discuss the problem in ___________________ to ___________________ our understanding so that we can understand it ___________________. (depth) 5. More and more countries in the world are ___________________ of water，and global water ___________________ are becoming increasingly serious. (short) 6. On the ___________________ that I am chosen as the chairman，I will definitely ___________________ relevant responsibility and ___________________ I come across those in trouble，I will help them. (assume) 7. The book is an ___________________ of a series of lectures given last year，so you are capable of ___________________ your knowledge by reading it. (expand) 8. I ___________________ support you and thus，you can tell me your ___________________ plan. (entire) Ⅱ. 选词填空(每小题3分，共15分) 1. All of the students answered the teacher’s questions ___________________，which made the teacher quite happy. 2. Their talk gradually ___________________ the change that had taken place in the city. 3. Many great men have risen from poverty—Lincoln and Edison，___________________. 4. Our class ___________________ six groups and each group will discuss some difficult problems after class. 5. I have been studying hard with the objective of ___________________. Ⅲ. 经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分) 1. 给我印象最深的是，每当我遇到困难时，我的叔叔都会激励我坚持我的梦想。(that引导的表语从句) What impresses me most is __________________________________ whenever I come across difficulties. 2. 如何能说服大卫接受挑战是我正在思考的事情。(how引导的主语从句)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) __________________________________ was what I was thinking about. 3. 我们能否保护海洋取决于我们从现在起将会做些什么。(whether引导的主语从句)(2022·全国甲，书面表达) __________________________________ depends on what we will do from now on. 4. 鉴于你对中国传统文化如此感兴趣，我邀请你参加我们学校的文化艺术节。(given that引导的原因状语从句) __________________________________，I invite you to take part in the Culture and Art Festival in our school. 5. 我经常读英文报是因为它对我英语学习的进步有很大的帮助。(why引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作) __________________________________ is __________________________________ in English learning. 【试题说明】 语篇 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 A 人与社会之讲述Rachel Carson的生平事迹 应用文 498 适中(0. 65) B 人与社会之物理学家Stephen Hawking的个人经历以及成就 说明文 332 适中(0. 65) 七选五 人与社会之全素农业的优势 说明文 369 适中(0. 65) 完形填空 人与社会之科学家和艺术家Maria Sibylla Merian的生平事迹 说明文 471 适中(0. 65) 语法填空 人与社会之约翰·斯诺医生击败“霍乱王”的故事 说明文 190 适中(0. 65) 应用文写作 对于你校正在举办英语主题征文活动这一情况 第一部分 阅读理解 第一节 (共7小题；每小题2. 5分，满分17. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （24-25高二上·广东中山·阶段练习）Rachel Carson was a science writer widely respected for her books about oceans. But she also devoted years. gathering scientific research that would awaken the public to the dangers of modern chemical pesticides. Her work, Silent Spring, became one of the most influential books of the 20th century. And it launched the modern environmental movement. Born in Pennsylvania, she became a marine (海洋的) scientist working for the US government, primarily as a writer and editor. Her first three books, Under the Sea-Wind, The Sea Around Us, and The Edge of the Sea were physical explanation of life in and near the sea. They made Carson one of the best-known and respected science writers. But then she turned her time and talents to a new subject. Carson had been concerned about the dangers of the pesticide DDT since the mid-1940s. At first DDT was a symbol of the progress of modern chemistry. It had saved countless lives by killing lice (虱子) and mosquitoes that spread deadly diseases. But Carson doubted that spreading large quantities of poison throughout the environment could be completely safe. She painstakingly gathered research to prove that chemical industry were overconfident about the safety of chemicals that hadn’t been tested. Carson published her research as a book, Silent Spring, in 1962. It caused an uproar. Carson was immediately attacked by the chemical industry. Millions of citizens tuned in to watch a television program analyzing the issue. Carson’s calm and reasoned arguments turned the audience in her favor. Finally, her work convinced the president to call for an investigation. Eventually 12 of the most toxic chemicals Carson wrote about in Silent Spring, including DDT, were banned. She grew physically weak and endured a lot of pain. Yet she refused to stop working on the book. She died on April 14, 1964, at the age of 56. Her writings helped move the nation toward a new understanding of how humankind depends on the interconnection of all forms of life on Earth. 1. Why did Carson turned to a new field after she got famous? A. She was doubtful about effectiveness of DDT. B. She was interested in the life-saving DDT at that time. C. She was surprised that DDT could kill lice and mosquitoes D. She was worried about the harm caused by overuse of DDT. 2. What does the underlined word “uproar” probably mean? A. Discussion. B. Criticism. C. Agreement. D. Interruption. 3. What finally changed the public view of chemical safety? A. Carson’s first three books. B. The investigation of the president. C. Carson’s silence about the attacks. D. The arguments Carson presented on TV. 4. Which can be the best title of the passage? A. An Inspiring Research on a Book. B. First Woman Marine Scientist. C. A Revolutionary Call for Action. D. A Pioneer in Environmental Protection. B （24-25高二上·安徽亳州·阶段练习）Stephen Hawking was a famous physicist. He was born in 1942. He died at his home on March 14th, 2018 in Cambridge, Britain. As one of the well-known physicists on space and time in the world, Hawking devoted his whole life to discovering the secrets of the universe, and he is called the King of the Universe. Since he was 21 years old, Hawking had been badly ill, but he didn’t give up his hope of living. He went on to study at Cambridge University after graduating from Oxford University. In 1965, he got a doctor’s degree. Then he worked as a professor at Cambridge University. Hawking was known for his work with black holes. He also wrote several popular science books. Although he didn’t live as freely as others, he still felt he was happy and he was thankful to life. When Hawking was invited to China, he made speeches in some famous universities. From Stephen Hawking’s whole life, we learn that no matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope. As he once said, “Life is not fair. You just have to do the best you can in your own situation. ” 5. What is Hawking called according to paragraph 2? A. The Father of Clock. B. The Father of Rice. C. The King of Comedy. D. The King of the Universe. 6. When did Hawking get his doctor’s degree? A. In 1942. B. In 1965. C. In 1976. D. In 2018. 7. What was Hawking known for? A. Black holes. B. Empty holes. C. Steam engines. D. Light bulbs. 8. What does Stephen Hawking’s life tell us? A. A good beginning makes a good ending. B. Winners can deal with all the difficulties. C. No matter how bad life is, we should not lose hope. D. An interest in science will give us a lot in the life. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （2023·安徽铜陵·模拟预测）Vegan Agriculture Vegan farming (全素农业) has become more and more popular. It is one of the most environmentally-friendly forms of agriculture. Vegan farming is a good way to grow plants such as vegetables without using animal-derived materials such as their waste. 9 Such an approach to farming also helps preserve the environment and regain soil richness and improve its biodiversity. 10 Organic farming uses natural products to grow plants — that can include even animal waste as fertilizers. On the other hand, vegan agriculture rejects animal-derived products and usually sticks with plant-based organic compounds, which means that, in general, vegan agriculture has stricter rules than organic farming. Additionally, vegan farming usually chooses more natural ways to protect the plants, like breaking cycles of plants’ diseases with mixed cropping (混作), using mechanical barriers (机械屏障) such as nets, or even attracting opposing organisms to fight the harmful ones. 11 However, they might be less effective against certain plant diseases or pests. One of the reasons to develop vegan agriculture is that the vegan way of farming replaces synthetic (合成的) pesticides and uses organic pesticides or other non-chemical methods to protect the crops. By contrast, in conventional agriculture, synthetic pesticides are on a very high level. 12 In the future, it is of great significance not to rely on animals’ waste to feed plants. Doing so is not only beneficial to vegans. 13 Even if today’s methods of vegan agriculture might not be perfect, scientists worldwide, together with vegan farmers, are working towards developing plant-based solutions as alternatives to animal-derived fertilizers. A. Accordingly, the amount of them in food products is much higher. B. Also, vegan farmers are far from applying synthetic fertilizers. C. It is apparent that vegan agriculture is not the same as organic farming. D. In today’s world, the vegan diet and lifestyle are increasingly popular. E. But it’s also good for the whole world, including other animals and plants. F. These ways affect the environment less than the ways of traditional farming. G. The rise of veganism creates new demand for more vegan-friendly agriculture. 第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （24-25高二上·重庆·期中）In 17th-century Europe, it was unheard of for a woman to travel by herself, but that didn’t stop Maria Sibylla Merian. In 1699, she and her daughter Dorothea 14 from Amsterdam to Surinam in South America. The three-month voyage was 15 but she was determined to go. She wanted to be the first person to go to a foreign country to study and paint insects 16 from nature. When they arrived in Surinam, Maria and Dorothea 17 working. Day after day, they took their painting 18 into the hot rainforest to collect and draw insects and plants. Artists had never done such a thing before. Still life painters drew from dead specimens (标本). But Maria had always been interested in painting 19 animals and plants. In the rainforest, she 20 ladders (梯子) to study and collect insects. She had trees cut down so she could see what 21 at the top level of the forest more than a hundred feet overhead. Maria combined both 22 and science in her work. As a skilled 23 , she kept detailed notes. After two years, she had to 24 Surinam. The 25 was unbearable and she was ill with malaria. But she had more than enough material for a/an 26 . In June 1701, Maria and Dorothea went back to Amsterdam. Four years later, in 1705, Maria 27 the book for which she is best known, Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam. The paintings of insects and plants in their natural habitats 28 the scientific study of insects. 14. A. sailed B. flew C. drove D. walked 15. A. pleasant B. dangerous C. remarkable D. short 16. A. directly B. quickly C. gradually D. slightly 17. A. stopped B. started C. loved D. tried 18. A. prizes B. works C. materials D. paints 19. A. sick B. ancient C. living D. rare 20. A. invented B. extracted C. jumped D. climbed 21. A. wandered B. stretched C. floated D. lived 22. A. art B. music C. literature D. technology 23. A. observer B. student C. novelist D. journalist 24. A. leave B. bless C. defeat D. keep 25. A. insect B. smell C. heat D. food 26. A. essay B. journal C. painting D. book 27. A. published B. assessed C. banned D. adjusted 28. A. ceased B. advanced C. revealed D. opposed 第二节 语法填空 (满分15分) （24-25高二上·新疆·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或所给单词的正确形式。 In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe. No one knew how to prevent or treat it. John Snow, a British doctor, felt 29 (frustrate). But he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and 30 all. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread, and Snow subscribed to the second theory that cholera 31 (cause) by an infection from germs in food or water. It was correct, but abundant proof was still needed. He was 32 (determine) to find out why. Snow began by 33 (mark) on a map the exact places 34 all those who died had lived. Snow doubted if the water pump was 35 (blame). At last, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump 36 (remove). Through his intervene, the disease was stopped in its tracks. 37 (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks 38 the work of John Snow. Moreover, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered as father of modern epidemiology. 第3节 应用文(本题共15分） 39. （24-25高二上·内蒙古兴安盟·阶段练习）假定你是李华，你校正在举办英语主题征文活动，请你写一篇英语短文，介绍你最敬佩的人——袁隆平。 1. 人物简介：1930年生于北京；毕业于西南农业大学（Southwest Agricultural College）; 1974他研制成功的杂交水稻（hybrid rice） 用于农业。 2. 令人敬佩的原因。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$