17 Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 复杂句分析 [教材示例] 分析下列句子类型并体会其语法特征 1．(教材原句)Vocational education is not a new idea. 2．(教材原句)In today’s rapidly developing society，vocational education is becoming more and more valuable and it gives applicants an advantage in the job market. 3．(教材原句)It is certain that educational institutions and companies will continue to advocate vocational education and training. 学生用书↓第109页 [我的发现] 1．句1为简单句； 2．句2为并列句，由并列连词and连接两个分句； 3．句3为主从复合句，其中that引导主语从句。 一、句子类型 类型 定义 注意事项 简单句 含有一个主谓结构的句子称为简单句 有时，简单句包含很多修饰语，使得句子变得很长。要准确地理解句子，需要理清句子的结构，找到主语和谓语 并列句 并列句是指由并列连词连接的两个或更多的分句构成的句子，常见的并列连词有and、or、 but等 要准确理解并列句，需要找到并列连词并弄清楚各分句之间的关系 主从复合句 主从复合句是指含有从句的复合句 要准确理解主从复合句，需要分析句子结构，找到主句和从句，并理解从句的种类 Mary，normally a shy girl，talked excitedly about her trip to China during the holidays.(简单句) The Internet is considered by many to be a source of information，and it is also thought of as a means of entertainment，but some people regard it as a monster.(并列句) Unless you let me know you’re not coming，I’ll see you at the cinema.(主从复合句) 二、简单句的基本句型 类型 构成 主谓 主语＋ 不及物动词 主谓宾 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语 主系表 主语＋系动词＋表语 主谓双宾 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 主谓宾宾补 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 There be句型 There＋be动词＋主语 It is raining heavily.(主谓) I met John in the street yesterday.(主谓宾) The apple pie tastes really delicious.(主系表) She gave me a book.(主谓双宾) He makes me happy.(主谓宾宾补) 三、并列句的基本句型 并列连词类型 连接词 表并列关系 and，both...and，as well as，not only...but (also)，neither...nor... 表转折关系 but，however(然而)，while(然而)，yet 表选择关系 or，whether ... or ...，either...or...，not...but... 表因果关系 for，so/so that，therefore(因此)，because The sky suddenly went dark and it started to rain.(并列关系) I’d asked everybody but only two people came.(转折关系) We can go swimming，or we could stay here.(选择关系) I’d better take an umbrella，for it is going to rain.(因果关系) 四、主从复合句的类型 类型 分类 例句 定语 从句 限制性定 语从句 Those who want to go please sign their names here. 非限制性 定语从句 We will put off the outing until the next week，when we won’t be so busy. 名词 性从 句 主语从句 Whether he will come or not is unknown. 宾语从句 Please tell me whether or not you agree with him. 表语从句 This is where I don’t agree. 同位语从句 I have no idea when she will be back. 状语 从句 时间状语从句 Once you object to a man，everything he does is wrong. 原因状语从句 Now that you are all here，let’s try and reach a decision. 目的状语从句 We sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach them in good time. 结果状语从句 Bring it near so that I may see it better. 条件状语从句 As long as we don’t lose heart，we will find a way to overcome the difficulty. 让步状语从句 Though we fight like cat and dog，we still love each other. 比较状语从句 She is still as active as she used to be. 方式状语从句 He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat. 核心词汇精研 occupation n．工作，职业；消遣；侵占，占领期；使用 (教材原句)It generally prepares people to work in a specific occupation by teaching theory in the classroom and offering hands­on training in the workplace. 它通常通过在课堂上教授理论和在工作场所提供实践培训，为人们在特定职业中工作做好准备。 (1)occupy vt.　　 占用，使用；占领，侵占；使忙于 occupy oneself in doing sth/with sth 忙着做某事/忙于某事 (2)occupied adj. 已被占用的；无空闲的；在使用中的； 被占领的 be occupied in doing sth/with sth 忙着做某事/忙于某事 [佳句]　Please state your name，age and occupation below. 请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。 ◎练透——写出下列句中occupation的含义/单句语法填空 ①Aided by the development of science and technology，more new occupations that meet social needs have been created.工作，职业 学生用书↓第111页 ②During World War Ⅱ，German occupation of France lasted four years.侵占，占领期 ③Occupied (occupy) in looking after her children，she can’t spare any time to have a holiday. ④Most of her spare time is occupied with all kinds of social activities. ⑤Occupying (occupy) herself in removing the weeds in her garden，she didn’t notice me standing by. ◎写美——一句多译 这位年轻的母亲忙于照顾她的三个孩子。 ⑥The young mother occupies herself in looking after her three children. ⑦The young mother is occupied in looking after her three children. random adj.随机的；辨认不出的；不合常理的 (教材原句)A recent survey on Chinese people’s reading habits，based on a random sample of more than 10，000 people from 30 cities across China，revealed that the Chinese spend a lot of time reading. 最近一项针对中国人阅读习惯的调查显示，中国人花了大量时间阅读，该调查是对中国30个城市的一万多人进行的随机抽样调查。 (1)at random　　　　 随便地，随意地 (2)randomly adv. 随机，随意；未加计划地 (3)randomness n. 随机性；随意，无安排 [佳句]　I suddenly had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes. 我突然有一种强烈的冲动，想看看那些随意闪现在眼前的东西。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. ②The winning numbers are randomly (random) selected by computer. ③Tax cuts should be made in accordance with market principles and at an appropriate time to avoid randomness(random). ◎写美——微写作 ④The information is processed in a random order． 信息是按随机顺序处理的。 维度一　单词拼写 1．There was a lamp(灯)hanging over the table so I can see the words on the book clearly. 2．While prospects(前景)are bright，the roads have twists and turns. 3．According to official statistics(统计数字)，the disease killed over 500 people. 4．Can you help me drill(钻)some holes on the wall of the bathroom? 5．The financial institution(机构)acts as intermediaries between lenders and borrowers. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．You should choose an occupation (occupy) based on your interests，not just the salary. 2．Though lacking previous experience，I still believe he is qualified (qualify) for the position. 3．We received several answers，and we picked one at random. 4．The park is not only a good place for recreation(recreational)，but also for public activities. 学生用书↓第112页 5．He stood out among the students in terms of competence (competent) and communication skills. 维度三　语法与写作 1．Go across the street，and you will see the bank on your left． 穿过马路，你会在你的左手边看到银行。 2．When the girl is happy，she either sings or dances． 当那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。 3．Tell me her address so that I can visit her． 告诉我她的地址，这样我就可以去拜访她了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$