UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版2019）

Unit 5　Into the unknown Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas —Language points 内容索引 课时测评 3 语基自查　固根基 1 语基讲练　提能力 2 语基自查　固根基 返回 核心单词——练通 1．grand _________ 大运河 2．the _________ of the ancient city 古城遗迹 canal ruins 拓展单词——用活 1．____________ n．文明(社会) →civilise v．使文明 →civilised adj.文明的，开化的 2．______ v．将……埋在下面 →burial n．埋葬 3．___________ n．天文学 →astronomer n．天文学家 civilisation bury astronomy 4．__________ v．离弃，逃离 → abandoned adj.被遗弃的，被抛弃的 →abandonment n．放弃 5．_________ v．拒绝考虑，否定 → dismissal n．不予考虑，不予理会 6．___________ n．扩大；增加 →expand v．扩大；增加 dismiss expansion abandon 规律：“-al”结尾的名词 示例：dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定→ dismissal n．不予考虑，不予理会 arrive v．到达→arrival n．到达 approve v．同意，赞成→approval n．同意，赞成 dispose v．处理→disposal n．处理 规律方法 阅读单词——识记 1．be intrigued by Maya civilisation 对玛雅文明__________ 2．food pyramid 食物__________ 3．preserve the world’s tropical forests 保护全球________雨林 4．tropical cyclone 热带________ 5．the downfall of a country 一个国家的________ 感兴趣 金字塔 热带 气旋 衰败 重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．相当于，与……相符 _____________ 2．把……应用到……上 ____________ 3．促成，导致 ________ 4．处理，应付 __________ 第二组　英译汉 5．on top of ____________ 6．a combination of ________________ 7．at one’s peak ______________ 8．fall into ruin ______ correspond to apply...to... lead to deal with 除……之外 ……的结合(物) 某人处于顶峰 衰落 典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句　Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also ______ ____________________________________________. 同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。 2．句型公式　whatever引导让步状语从句 教材原句　______________________，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. 无论原因如何，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。 leave Whatever the reasons us thinking about our own past，present and future 返回 语基讲练　提能力 返回 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 1　bury v．将……埋在下面 (教材原句)Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. 据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未为人所知的玛雅城市的位置。 bury v. 掩埋；使沉浸；使专心 be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought 沉思 bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 名师点津　表示“专心于；致力于”的表达还有： ①be devoted to ②be lost in ③be engaged in ④be absorbed in ⑤focus/concentrate on ⑥put one’s heart into ⑦apply oneself to 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①She is buried in _________(write) a book in the countryside. ②Once he buried ___________ (he) in something，he would close his ears to anything. ③那个小女孩双手掩面，大声地对全班同学叫道：“没人爱我。”(读后续写之动作＋语言描写) →That little girl ___________________________ and said loud enough for the class to hear，“Nobody loves me.” →_________________________，that little girl said loud enough for the class to hear，“Nobody loves me.”(分词短语作状语) writing himself buried her face in her hands Burying her face in her hands 2　apply...to...把……运用到…… (教材原句)They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年30秒以内。 (1)apply v. 申请；涂抹，敷；应用，使用 apply(to...)for (向……)申请 apply to do sth 申请去做某事 apply to 适用于(to为介词) apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于 (2)application n． 请求；申请，申请表；应用 applicant n． 申请人 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I’d appreciate it if you could take my _____________ (apply) into account at your convenience. ②What’s more，on condition that we could apply what we learn online ______ our daily life，online learning would be more meaningful. ③The job advertisement demands that any _____________ (apply) must have three years’ experience. ④如果你想申请这份工作，你必须满足以下要求。(应用文写作之招聘启事) If you want to ________________，you must meet the following requirements. application to applicant apply for the job 3　ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟 (教材原句)Its once-great cities fell into ruin... 曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟…… (1)(lie/be) in ruins 成为废墟 fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 (2)ruin v． 破坏；毁坏 ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The whole city lay in _________ (ruin) after the earthquake，which made us lying awake all night. ②A large number of churches fell ________ ruin after the big flood. ③他犯了个错误，被解雇了，这让他失去了出国的机会。 →He made a mistake and was dismissed，_____________________________ _______.(定语从句) →He made a mistake and was dismissed，_____________________________. (分词作状语) ruins into which ruined his chance of going abroad ruining his chance of going abroad 4　abandon v．离弃，逃离 (教材原句)But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. 但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。 (1)abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to 沉溺于……，纵情于……(to为介词) (2)abandon n． 放任 with abandon 无约束地，放任地 (3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；被抛弃的；废弃的 be abandoned to 沉湎于…… 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To his mother’s disappointment，the boy abandoned himself to __________ (play) computer games. ②They abandoned __________ (carry) out the plan because of the bad weather. ③孩子们很兴奋，在晚会上尽情地玩，忘记了时间。(读后续写之情绪描写) The children got excited and enjoyed themselves _____________ at the party，forgetting the time. playing carrying with abandon 5　dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定 (教材原句)Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. 尽管学者们对他的理论不予考虑，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是如此举足轻重。 (1)dismiss sb/sth (as sth) 对某人或某物不予理会或不屑一提 dismiss sb from 把某人从……解雇 dismiss sb for 因……解雇某人 (2)dismissal n． 解雇，开除；不予考虑 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He tried to dismiss _______ his mind the horrible thoughts. ②He still hopes to win his claim against unfair ___________(dismiss). ③她排除了恐惧，爬得更高了。(读后续写之情绪描写) ___________________，she climbed higher. from dismissal Dismissing her fears 认知深化 一、一词多义——dismiss v. A．解散　B．解雇，开除，免职　C．不考虑，不理会　D．去除 1．She claimed she was unfairly dismissed from her post. _______ 2．Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind—they’re crazy and not worth thinking about. _______ 3．Mr Wakeham dismissed the reports as speculation(臆测). _______ 4．“Let’s call it a day and you are dismissed，” the teacher said at the end of the class. _______ B D C A 二、熟词生义 1．These policies will be abandoned because of financial problems next year. __________ 2．A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its expansion. __________ v.中止 n.膨胀 Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 句型公式：leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (教材原句)Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future. 同时，玛雅文明的崛起和衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与未来。 “leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，该句式意为“让/使某人(物)继续处于某种状态、某地等”。leave的常见结构如下： (1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)leave＋宾语＋现在分词 (其中宾语与宾语补足语之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系) (3) leave＋宾语＋过去分词 (其中宾语与宾语补足语之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系) (4) leave＋宾语＋动词不定式 (其中动词不定式表示将来的动作) (5)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①What he said just left me ____________(wonder) what his real meaning was. ②The flood last month in the east was a real disaster，leaving 19 people _____ (die) and 78 _________ (miss). ③他们给他盖了一条毯子，只露出了他的眼睛。(读后续写之动作描写) They covered him with a blanket，only ________________________. ④你太粗心了，把药放在了孩子们能拿到的地方。 It was very careless of you to ________________________________________ ______. wondering dead missing leaving his eyes exposed leave the medicine where the children could get it 返回 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 维度一　品句填词(每小题1分，共6分) 1．The arrival of __________ (运河) was of great value to many industries. 2．__________(埋藏) deep down in the earth for thousands of years，the dead forest has rotted away and become coal. 3．The Amazon river basin contains the world’s largest t__________ rainforest. 4．It is generally agreed that the economic crisis led to the ___________(衰败) of the country. 5．Years of fighting has left the area in r_______． 6．The more I got to know him，the more he _________ (引起……的好奇心) me. canals Buried ropical downfall uins intrigued 维度二　词形转换(每小题1分，共5分) 1．As the birthplace of Huaxia _____________(civilise)，Xi’an is a city with a long history and abundant cultural relics. 2．Her casual ___________(dismiss) of the threats seemed irresponsible. 3．The _____________(expand) of wind and solar energy is expected to supply another 20 bcm equivalent of gas. 4．The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel _____________(abandon). 5．After centuries of pointing telescopes at the night sky，_______________ (astronomy) and amateurs alike can figure out key traits of any star. civilisation dismissal expansion abandoned astronomers 维度三　固定搭配和句式(每小题3分，共15分) 1．我国水资源利用长期受“取之不尽，用之不竭”的传统观念影响，因此水资源价格与其价值不一致。(correspond to) Traditional opinion of “using forever” impacts on using of water resource in our country for a long time，so price of water resource ___________________ _________________. 2．我们必须把我们所学到的应用到日常工作中。(apply...to...) We must __________________________________________. can not correspond apply what we have learned to our daily work with/to its value 3．既然飓风、台风、海啸等自然灾害随时可能发生，我们应该学会应对它们。(deal with) Now that natural disasters such as hurricane，typhoon，tsunami can happen at any time，_______________________________. 4．我不能让这么重要的一件事半途而废。(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) I can’t ______________________________________. 5．无论发生什么事，他都勇敢地采取各种方法去帮助人们。(whatever引导让步状语从句) _________________，he adopts various approaches to help people bravely. we should learn to deal with them leave such an important matter unfinished Whatever happens 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many people show an 1.__________(increase)interest in Maya civilisation. Extending south from Mexico into Central America，it 2._________________ (surround) by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.Firstly，the Maya built 3.______________ (impress)palaces and temples.Secondly，Maya people have 4._______ good understanding of mathematics and astronomy. Thirdly，the calendar they made is very accurate.Above all，they have a true writing system，5._________ contained more than 800 characters，some signs increasing has been surrounded impressive a which representing animals，people and objects and 6._______ representing syllables. Sadly，Maya civilisation began to mysteriously decline.Many factors contribute 7.______ its collapse.For one thing，Maya people reduced their ability 8._______(deal)with natural disasters by changing the landscape.For another，fewer tropical cyclones were likely 9.________________(lead) to a series of droughts，and each 10.__________ (last) for a couple of years.Whatever the reasons，the rise and fall of Maya civilisation leaves us many things to think about. others to to deal to have led lasted 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·湖北省荆州市高二上期末) When most kids go to the beach，they’re too focused on making sandcastles and splashing around to notice litter，but several years ago，for 7-year-old Cash Daniels，noticing a plastic straw sparked a lifelong passion for saving the planet. Cash，who is now known as the “conservation kid”，has always loved nature.He grew up fishing along the Chattanooga River，after all! But once he learned that 80 percent of all trash from land and rivers ends up in the ocean，he couldn’t sit back． He started with cleanups along the river，something that quickly went from a family affair to a community effort with volunteers and neighbors.In 2019，Cash，together with a Canadian conservationist，Ella Galaski-Rossen，started a nonprofit called the Cleanup Kids.Despite living in different countries，they managed to create educational videos on their YouTube channel.“We hope to be a really big nonprofit that eliminates plastic in the U.S. and Canada，” Cash said.“We want to inform kids and adults in the landlocked states on how their actions are connected to the water and the ocean，” Cash said. Cash was selected as one of America’s top 10 youth volunteers of 2021 by the Prudential Spirit of Community Awards.He also earned the title of National Honoree，where he received a $5,000 grant to go to a nonprofit of his choice，and he became the first person to win the Youth Conservationist Award two years in a row from the Tennessee Wildlife Federation. “I want to travel the world，teach others，and help them feel connected to the ocean.Because if you are connected to the ocean—if you love it and what lives in it—you’ll want to protect it，”he said.“This is my fun，and it becomes more fun with every new discovery.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是Cash Daniels热爱大自然，他从7岁开始就对保护地球充满了热情，他先从清理河流沿岸开始，并将此发展成一项人们可以广泛参与的活动。他被评选为2021年美国十大青年志愿者之一。 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段画线词之前“He grew up fishing along the Chattanooga River，after all! But once he learned that 80 percent of all trash from land and rivers ends up in the ocean，he couldn’t”以及第三段开头 “He started with cleanups along the river，something that quickly went from a family affair to a community effort with volunteers and neighbors.”可知当Cash Daniels看到并了解到80%来自陆地和河流的垃圾最终都进入了海洋以后，他开始对河流岸边的垃圾进行了清理，最终这件事成为了人们可以广泛参与的活动，由此可以推测Cash Daniels对于最终都进入了海洋的垃圾没有置之不理，而是采取了积极的行动。故选C项。 1．Which can replace the underlined words “sit back” in Paragraph 2? A．Fall asleep. B．Lose heart. C．Turn a blind eye. D．Lend a hand. √ 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“‘We want to inform kids and adults in the landlocked states on how their actions are connected to the water and the ocean，’Cash said.”可知the Cleanup Kids的目的是让内陆各州的孩子和成年人了解他们的行为与水和海洋的关系，即呼吁人们保护海洋。故选D项。 2．What is the purpose of starting the Cleanup Kids? A．To recycle waste plastics. B．To make instructive videos. C．To spread marine knowledge. D．To appeal for ocean protection. √ 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知Cash热爱大自然，关心环境，所以他是富有同情心的。根据文章最后一段内容可知Cash想要环游世界，教育别人，帮助他们感受到与海洋的联系，所以他是有奉献精神的。故选A项。 3．Which of the following best describes Cash Daniels? A．Sympathetic and devoted. B．Initiative and talented. C．Ambitious and humorous. D．Determined and modest. √ 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知一根塑料吸管激发了Cash拯救地球的热情而这种热情进而转化成了他的梦想，所以Cash 的故事暗示了激情可以点燃梦想。故选A项。 4．What does Cash Daniels’ story imply? A．Passion fuels dreams. B．Great minds think alike. C．Helping others is of great fun. D．Actions speak louder than words. √ B (2024·山东省枣庄市高二上期末) Laughter has long been known as a universal language that can bring people closer together.However，not many people know that it can also cause physical pain.“Hah! I’ve been fooled！” said Bob as he realized he had fallen victim to one of Alice’s practical jokes.Bob’s upper back is in pain where Alice patted and a burning sensation shoots up to his head. Is laughter always good for our health? A new study suggests that while laughing does cause the release of “happy hormones” in the brain，it can also lead to discomfort in the upper body.The study，led by Professor Wang from the Beijing-based Center for Cognitive Neuroscience，involved 300 healthy participants，aged between 20 and 45 years old.Half of them were exposed to laughter，while the other half were not. The study found that those who were exposed to laughter reported feeling more social connection and happiness than those who were not.However，the laughing group also reported experiencing more discomfort in their upper backs and heads.“Laughter can bring people closer together，but it can also activate the stretch receptors (伸展感受器) in the diaphragm (横膈膜)，causing discomfort，” said Wang in an interview. Previous research has linked laughter to improved immunity (免疫力)，lower blood pressure，and overall well-being.Laughter has also been shown to improve the function of mitochondria (线粒体)，which are the energy factories inside cells.However，like any other physical activity，laughing too much can also cause tiredness and shortness of breath.“Moderation (适度) is key，that is，you can’t laugh too much.” said Professor Xu from Shanghai Jiao Tong University，who was not involved in the study.“While laughter is good for us，we should also be mindful of how much we laugh.” The findings of the study suggest that the health benefits of laughter are not automatic；rather，they require a balance between enjoyment and awareness of discomfort. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明笑也会给人类的身体健康带来负面作用，我们要找到笑与舒适之间的平衡点。 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However，not many people know that... burning sensation shoots up to his head.”和第二段首句可知，第一段描述Bob的经历是为了引出笑也会给人类的身体健康带来负面作用这个话题。故选B项。 5．What’s the function of Bob’s experience in Paragraph 1? A．To explain a concept. B．To introduce the topic. C．To show a public concern. D．To describe a vivid story. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However，the laughing group also reported experiencing more discomfort in their upper backs and heads.”可知，人们在笑的时候更可能会感觉不舒服。故选B项。 6．What can we learn from Professor Wang’s study? A．People are too happy to be exposed to laughter. B．People are likely to feel discomfort while laughing. C．Laughing more is beneficial to improving our health. D．Laughing is the best way to become socially connected. √ 段落大意题。根据第四段中的“However，like any other physical activity...who was not involved in the study.”可知，本段的主旨大意为“适度笑的重要性”。故选C项。 7．What does Paragraph 4 mainly discuss? A．The health benefits of laughter. B．The side effects of never laughing. C．The importance of moderation in laughing. D．The connection between laughter and discomfort. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，笑带来的健康益处不是自动的，而是需要在愉快和意识到不舒服之间找一个平衡点，可知，我们有必要在欢笑和安慰之间取得平衡。故选D项。 8．What does the last paragraph suggest? A．Laughter can help us stay healthy automatically. B．Laughter definitely goes hand in hand with discomfort. C．We should laugh more to keep ourselves joyful and healthy. D．It’s necessary for us to strike a balance between laughter and comfort. √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·吉林省通化市高二上期末) Live Long and Prosper You can’t avoid getting old.But the decisions you make now about how you spend your day will have a great impact on the quality of your life. We collected the latest research and talked to health，financial，and wellness experts to uncover the most important things you can do to keep the spring in your step and a healthy balance in your bank account through the years.　1　. Be grateful Write down three things you’re grateful for each day.　2　 Studies show that people who are grateful report better sleep，stronger relationships，fewer aches and pains，and lower blood pressure.Shawn Achor and Michelle Gielan，happiness researchers who are married to each other，share positive things about their days with one another.“It’s a simple two-minute habit that allows us to learn about high moments and feel more connected，” Gielan says. 　3　. Going outside，especially into a green space，is an easy way to improve your well-being and mental state，says Lori Gottlieb，a psychotherapist and the author of Maybe You Should Talk to Someone.“I actually make it a point to go outside every day，” she says.“I’ll walk around the block，breathe，and look at the sky.It’s like pushing the reset button.”　4　 Researchers from University of Alabama found that spending just 20 minutes in a park led to a 64 percent increase in life satisfaction—even if you just sit on a bench. Get moving Yes，you’ve heard it before，but decades of research show that exercise improves your health，lifts your mood，and lengthens your life.In fact，Harvard researchers found that as little as 15 minutes of moderate physical activity a day can increase your life span by three years.　5　 Ball State University researchers found that people in their 70s who were lifelong exercisers were indistinguishable in many ways from healthy people 30 years younger. Simple as these tips are，they have proven to be very useful if carried out on a regular basis.To live long and prosper，you always have a choice. A．This simple practice helps rewire your brain for greater happiness. B．Do some indoor activities. C．Read on for some great advice. D．It also appears to keep your body young. E．Be grateful to those who have been there for you through thick and thin. F．Get fresh air every day G．Spending time in nature has been proved to lower stress and blood pressure. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何长寿提出了一些建议。 下文几个小标题具体介绍了你该如何做。该空引出下文。故选C。 Live Long and Prosper You can’t avoid getting old.But the decisions you make now about how you spend your day will have a great impact on the quality of your life. We collected the latest research and talked to health，financial，and wellness experts to uncover the most important things you can do to keep the spring in your step and a healthy balance in your bank account through the years.________________________________ C．Read on for some great advice. Be grateful Write down three things you’re grateful for each day. _________________ ________________________________________________Studies show that people who are grateful report better sleep，stronger relationships，fewer aches and pains，and lower blood pressure.Shawn Achor and Michelle Gielan，happiness researchers who are married to each other，share positive things about their days with one another.“It’s a simple two-minute habit that allows us to learn about high moments and feel more connected，” Gielan says. A．This simple practice helps rewire your brain for greater happiness. 前一句提到：每天写下你感激的三件事。下一句提到：研究表明，心存感激的人睡眠更好，人际关系更融洽，疼痛更少，血压更低。该空承上启下，A选项中的This simple practice就指空前的“Write down three things you’re grateful for each day”。故选A。 结合该段中的“Going outside”，“spending just 20 minutes in a park”可知，该段建议人们到户外去。故选F。 _________________________ Going outside，especially into a green space，is an easy way to improve your well-being and mental state，says Lori Gottlieb，a psychotherapist and the author of Maybe You Should Talk to Someone.“I actually make it a point to go outside every day，” she says.“I’ll walk around the block，breathe，and F．Get fresh air every day look at the sky.It’s like pushing the reset button.” _______________________ _________________________________________________ Researchers from University of Alabama found that spending just 20 minutes in a park led to a 64 percent increase in life satisfaction—even if you just sit on a bench. 前一句提到：“我会绕着街区走一圈，深呼吸，看看天空，就像按了重置键一样。”。下一句提到：即使你只是坐在长椅上，只要在公园里待上20分钟，你对生活的满意度就会提高64%。 前后文都叙述的是到户外去的好处。该空承上启下，也应该叙述到户外去的好处。故选G。 G．Spending time in nature has been proved to lower stress and blood pressure. Get moving Yes，you’ve heard it before，but decades of research show that exercise improves your health，lifts your mood，and lengthens your life.In fact，Harvard researchers found that as little as 15 minutes of moderate physical activity a day can increase your life span by three years. ___________________ _____________________ Ball State University researchers found that people in their 70s who were lifelong exercisers were indistinguishable in many ways from healthy people 30 years younger. Simple as these tips are，they have proven to be very useful if carried out on a regular basis.To live long and prosper，you always have a choice. D．It also appears to keep your body young. 上一句提到：每天只需15分钟的适度体育活动，就能让你的寿命延长3年。下一句提到：70多岁的终身锻炼者在很多方面与比他们年轻30岁的健康人没有什么区别。前后都在介绍锻炼的好处。该空承上启下，也应该介绍锻炼的好处。故选D。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$