UNIT 3 Section Ⅳ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress 课时测评-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版2019）

课时测评12　Section Ⅳ　Using Language & Assessing Your Progress —Language points (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) (时间：45分钟　满分：63分) [语境基础练] 进阶训练一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式 (每小题1分，共8分) 1．The migration (迁徙) of birds is a fascinating natural phenomenon to witness. 2．The scientist recorded the temperature data on a log(日志) for future analysis. 3．You can use a directory(目录) service to search for people on the Internet. 4．She was busy working on her presentation；meanwhile(与此同时)，her colleagues were preparing for the meeting. 5．She swallowed the capsule with a glass of water to help alleviate her headache. 6．He bought a gallon of milk from the store for his family to use throughout the week. 7．The police officer was able to arrest the suspect after a lengthy investigation. 8．The company was accused of trying to exploit the labor force by paying low wages. 进阶训练二　用所给词的适当形式填空 (每小题1分，共6分) 1．The government increased taxes (tax) on luxury items to generate more revenue. 2．The team's opponents (opponent) are unbeaten so far this season. 3．Tom is very annoyed because his brother is in possession (possess) of all the business. 4．If you describe a person as merciful (mercy)，you mean that he or she shows kindness and forgiveness to people. 5．The criminal hoped that the police would help keep him free from punishment if he helped the police catch the murderer(murder). 6．The concert was so successful that the crowd applauded(applaud) the performance for five minutes. 进阶训练三　完成句子(每小题3分，共9分) 1．他们航行在汹涌的大海上，渴望占领那座荒岛上隐藏的宝藏。(possession) They sailed the high seas，eager to take possession of the treasure hidden on the deserted island. 2．西湖如此美丽，以至于每年吸引数百万的游客。(so...that...) The West Lake is so beautiful that it attracts millions of visitors every year. 3．随着技术的发展和生活的改善，互联网已进入寻常百姓家。 (as引导状语从句) As technology develops and life improves，the Internet has entered the ordinary people's homes. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解 (每小题2．5分，共10分) (2023·十堰一中高二期末) Sharks may be able to smell blood from miles away，but they probably don't know how red it is.It is likely that they only see the world in black and white according to a study that is the first to investigate sharks' visual system. A team at the University of Western Australia studied the visual systems of many different species of sharks and what they have found is diversity in eye design that mirrors the ecological and behavioral diversity of the shark species.The team looked at the retinal cells of 17 species of sharks caught off Queensland and Western Australia and found out that the cells are responsible for sharks' color blindness. According to the study，these animals are color-blind due to the light receptors they have got in their eyes.There are two main types of light-sensitive cells to allow animals to see: rod cells help measure brightness because they are highly sensitive to light and allow night vision but cannot tell colors apart，while various types of cone cells help distinguish colors.They peeked at the structure of sharks' rod and cone cells in the retina.Human eyes come with red，green and blue cone variations，while sharks appear to have just one kind of cone cells. The study suggests that contrast against the background，rather than color itself，might be more important for object detection by sharks.Costumes that camouflage swimmers' bodies in sea water are less likely to draw a shark's attention than ones with bright，solid colors that emphasize their outline.“It's the high contrast against the water rather than the color itself which is probably attractive to sharks，” said Professor Nathan Hart who led the study. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关鲨鱼可能是色盲的研究，分析了鲨鱼色盲的原因并说明了游泳者如何避免鲨鱼的注意。 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The importance of the research. B．The features of sharks' retinal cells. C．The process and the result of the study. D．The functions of sharks' visual systems. 答案：C 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了研究的过程及发现的结论。故选C项。 2．What causes sharks' blindness to color according to the study? A．Their fragile rod cells. B．Their lack of various cone cells. C．Their dark living environment. D．Their weak sensitivity to light. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Human eyes come with red，green and blue cone variations，while sharks appear to have just one kind of cone cells.”可知，因为鲨鱼缺乏各种锥细胞导致看不见颜色。故选B项。 3．What does the underlined word “camouflage” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Hide.　　　　　　 B．Fit. C．Beautify. D．Protect. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，这些在水里的服装不太可能吸引鲨鱼的注意，而那些鲜艳、纯色的衣服更能突出游泳者的轮廓，吸引鲨鱼的注意。由此可推知，鲨鱼在海洋里是危险的，这些游泳者需要躲避它们，因此这个服装可以“隐藏”他们的身体。故画线词与A项意思相近。故选A项。 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To clear up a wrong belief. B．To raise funds for a program. C．To show a unique phenomenon. D．To present a scientific discovery. 答案：D 解析：写作目的题。根据第一段第二句可知，文章主要介绍了一项有关鲨鱼可能是色盲的科学研究发现。故选D项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (每小题1分，共15分) (2023·黄冈中学高二期末) Joseph Dituri hasn't seen the sun for days.The biomedical engineer is being underwater，with the goal of spending 100 days there in the name of 1 ．The submerged stay，if 2 ，will break the previous record of 73 days.Dituri is living in Jules' Undersea Lodge in Florida —the same underwater venue where the previous record was set.The 100-square-foot hotel is his intended home until the mission finishes，where he is 3 his research. During the project，Dituri is attempting to 4 the effects of living in a high-pressure environment for a(n) 5 period.The human body has never been underwater that long，so he is 6 closely.Before，during and after the project，he needs to 7 a series of tests，which measure the heart's function.“I 8 there will be improvements to my health，” Dituri said.His assumption is not made 9 —a previous study indicated potential 10 of being exposed to pressure to cell growth.Dituri hopes this journey could 11 the treatment for age-related diseases. Beyond research，the project is also a chance to promote ocean 12 ．“The ocean is in a bit of trouble，”Dituri said in a video.“We also want to use the attention that the 100-day mission would draw to 13 young people's curiosity and passion.” Dituri will 14 about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time. “Even if I only stayed 60 days，it would be a 15 if I eventually turned a whole bunch of kids onto the exploration of the sea，”he said in an interview. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了生物医学工程师 Joseph Dituri要待在水下100天，记录长时间生活在高压环境中的影响。他希望这一项目能够为治疗与年龄有关的疾病作出贡献，同时这也是一个促进海洋保护的机会。 1．A.reputation B．freedom C．science D．entertainment 答案：C 解析：根据空前的“biomedical engineer”和空后的“his research”可知，此处表示这位生物医学工程师一直在水下是为了做研究，即以科学(science)的名义在水下待 100天。故选C。 2．A.necessary B．convenient C．accessible D．successful 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“will break the previous record of 73 days”可知，打破之前73天的纪录，是Dituri此次在水下停留成功的(successful)情况下。故选D。 3．A.publishing B．conducting C．advertising D．reviewing 答案：B 解析：根据空前的“The 100-square-foot hotel is his intended home until the mission finishes”可知，在任务完成之前，这座100平方英尺的酒店将是他的家，他在那里进行(conducting)研究。故选B。 4．A.forecast B．document C．imagine D．exchange 答案：B 解析：根据空前的“During the project”和空后的“the effects of living in a high-pressure environment”可知，Dituri 试图记录(document)生活在高压环境中的影响。故选B。 5．A.extended B．painful C．typical D．essential 答案：A 解析：根据上文中的“spending 100 days there”“will break...record was set”可知，Dituri选择了上次打破纪录的人所在的同一地点，他要待一百天，延长在水下停留的时间。故选A。 6．A.informed B．persuaded C．monitored D．warned 答案：C 解析：根据空前的“During the project...The human body has never been underwater that long”和空后的“Before...series of tests”可知，因为人体从未在水下待过那么久，所以Dituri需要受到密切监视(monitored)。故选C。 7．A.pass B．complete C．confirm D．arrange 答案：B 解析：根据空前的“he is closely”和空后的“a series of tests”可知，Dituri需要完成(complete)一系列测试。故选B。 8．A.remember B．realize C．suppose D．admit 答案：C 解析：根据空后的“His assumption”可知，此处指Dituri推测(suppose)自己的健康状况会有所改善。故选C。 9．A.hurriedly B．purposely C．fearlessly D．groundlessly 答案：D 解析：根据空前的“His assumption is not made”以及空后的“a previous study indicated”可知，他的假设并非毫无根据(groundlessly)。故选D。 10．A.costs B．difference C．practicality D．benefits 答案：D 解析：根据上文中的“there will be improvements to my health”可知，此处指好的影响，即之前的研究表明压力对细胞生长有潜在的好处(benefits)。故选D。 11．A.help with B．hold over C．refer to D．depend on 答案：A 解析：根据空后的“the treatment for age-related diseases”可知，Dituri 希望他的研究旅程能够帮助(help with)与年龄有关的疾病的治疗。故选A。 12．A.conservation B．exploitation C．tourism D．transport 答案：A 解析：空后的“The ocean is in a bit of trouble”提到了对海洋的担忧，所以此处指这个项目也是一个促进海洋保护(conservation)的机会。故选A。 13．A.discover B．express C．stimulate D．appreciate 答案：C 解析：根据空后的“young people's curiosity and passion”和“turned a whole bunch of kids onto the exploration of the sea”可知，他们想利用这个为期100天的项目引起的关注来激发(stimulate)年轻人的好奇心和激情。故选C。 14．A.remind B．force C．follow D．invite 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“about 40 children to stay with him for 24 hours at a time”可知，此处指Dituri将邀请(invite)大约40个孩子和他一起待24小时。故选D。 15．A.win B．burden C．bond D．symbol 答案：A 解析：根据“Even if I only stayed...the exploration of the sea”可知，他认为即使自己只待了60天，但是最终只要让一群孩子对海洋探索产生兴趣，那么就是一场胜利(win)。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2023·邵阳联考) Scientists say soft robot jellyfish that can swim through openings 1. _________ (narrow) than their bodies could be used to observe coral reefs.In future the “jellybots” could be sent into delicate environments，such as coral reefs，without risking damage.Their creators believe they could act 2.________ “guardians of the oceans”． Dr Erik Engeberg，one of the robot's 3._________(inventor) from Florida Atlantic University in the US，said，“4._________(study) and observing delicate environment has always been hard for researchers.Soft robots can help with this.” The design of the jellybot is based on 5._________shape of the moon jellyfish.The team used a system 6._________(drive) by two impeller pumps(叶轮泵) to allow the robot to swim. Dr Engeberg said，“Soft robots based on fish and other sea animals 7._________(win) popularity in the research community in the last few years.Jellyfish are excellent choices，8._________that they are very efficient swimmers.Their 9._________ (perform) is due to the shape of their bodies，10._________ can produce a combination of vortex (漩涡) and jet propulsion (推进).” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人水母在研究和观察脆弱的环境的作用和原因。 1．答案：narrower 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知，此处应用比较级，故填narrower。 2．答案：as 解析：考查介词。短语act as意为“充当；担任”，故填as。 3．答案：inventors 解析：考查名词的单复数。one of ...意为“……之一”，后加名词的复数形式，此处表示“发明者之一”，故填inventors。 4．答案：Studying 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处and连接两个并列的动词-ing形式作主语，故填Studying。 5．答案：the 解析：考查冠词。此处特指海月水母的形状，故填the。 6．答案：driven 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，system与drive之间存在被动关系，用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填driven。 7．答案：have won 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the last few years可知， 应使用现在完成时，且主语为复数，故填have won。 8．答案：in 解析：考查固定短语。此处表示原因，in that意为“因为；由于”，故填in。 9．答案：performance 解析：考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词Their后跟名词，表抽象意义，不可数，故填performance。 10．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the shape of their bodies、指物，空处在从句中作主语，故填which。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$