UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language 课时测评-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版2019）

课时测评11　Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language— Review useful structures (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) (时间：45分钟　满分：58分) [语境基础练] 进阶训练一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The purpose of education is to develop(develop) a fine personality in children. 2．Eating a balanced diet can help (to) increase (increase) energy levels and overall health. 3．They worked hard to get(get) good marks in the final exams. 4．Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change (change)lives. 5．She asked me to answer(answer) the phone in her absence. 6．It's rude to turn (turn) your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 7．Chinese researchers hope to use these instruments to find (find) and study areas of the South Pole. 8．Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim to have (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 进阶训练二　补全句子 (每小题3分，共15分) 1．My teacher said it was very important to have enough sleep(保持充足的睡眠). 2．To achieve this goal，I decided to stay up to study until midnight(熬夜学习到半夜) like my deskmate. 3．I tried to be the first to arrive and the last to leave，only to find myself always sleepy in class(结果发现我上课总是发困). 4．When I was a junior three student，my aim was to be the best student in my class(成为全班最好的学生). 5．He advised me to make a plan (建议我制订一个计划)that/which is suitable for myself. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2023·沧州一中高二期末) Magnetic fields are promising to be a useful tool in the hunt for human settlements that have been lost to the sea off the coast of the UK.An upcoming project is set to use magnetometry(磁力测定) data to seek Doggerland，the flooded land that connected Britain to mainland Europe until the end of the last Ice Age，but there's hope that this technique could be used to find long-lost civilisations all over the world. The study comes from the University of Bradford in the UK.Their plan is to closely look at magnetometry data gathered from a portion of the North Sea and attempt to identify any strange anomalies (反常现象) that could suggest the presence of archaeological structures. The team is especially keen to use this technique to look for traces of human activities beneath the North Sea since it's thought to have been home to some of the largest prehistoric settlements in Europe.Before it was flooded over 8，000 years ago，Doggerland was a rich and diverse habitat that likely attracted prehistoric humans and others.Despite its potential for sinking beneath the North Sea，we know relatively little about the culture that was once developed here. “As the area we are studying used to be above sea level，there's a small chance that this analysis could even reveal evidence for hunter-gatherer activity.That would be the most important part，”Ben Urmston，PhD student at the University of Bradford，said in a statement.“We might also discover the presence of middens，which are rubbish dumps that consist of animal bones，shells and other biological material that can tell us a lot about how people lived.” Remarkably little of the ocean has been explored，let alone for the purposes of archaeology.Nevertheless，advances in technology are continuing to show that the coastlines are hiding countless traces of ancient human activities，even evidence of long-lost civilisations. Thanks to projects like the one at the University of Bradford，as well as many others，the future of marine archaeology is looking promising.Nevertheless，we have to be patient.Just don't expect to stumble across the sunken city of Atlantis anytime soon. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了磁场有望成为寻找英国沿海消失的人类定居点的有用工具。 1．Why will magnetometry data be used in this project? A．To measure Doggerland. B．To find the lost ancient land. C．To trace the ice movement. D．To explore the history of Britain. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“An upcoming project is set to use magnetometry(磁力测定) data to seek Doggerland...all over the world.”可知，该项目将使用磁力测定数据来寻找Doggerland，这是一片被海水淹没的土地，直到最后一次冰河时代结束都一直连接着英国和欧洲大陆。由此可知，该项目使用磁力测定数据是为了寻找一块被海水淹没的古老陆地。 2．What do we know about Doggerland over 8，000 years ago? A．It often suffered from floods. B．Its civilisation is little known to us. C．Its formation was after the last Ice Age. D．It was a deserted island with few people. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Before it was flooded over 8，000 years ago...we know relatively little about the culture that was once developed here.”可知，在8 000多年前被海水淹没之前，Doggerland 是一个丰富多样的栖息地，可能吸引了史前人类和其他物种。除此之外，人们对这里曾经形成的文明知之甚少。由此可推知，我们对Doggerland的8 000 多年前的文明知之甚少。 3．What is Ben Urmston's attitude toward the analysis? A．Uncaring.　　　　 B．Subjective. C．Favourable. D．Shocked. 答案：C 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中Ben Urmston所说的话“As the area we are studying used to be above sea level...That would be the most important part”可知，他认为这种分析有可能揭示狩猎采集者活动的证据。这将是最重要的部分。由此可推知， Ben Urmston对此分析持赞成的态度。 4．What does the underlined phrase “stumble across”in the last paragraph mean? A．Assess sth carefully. B．Display sth intentionally. C．Restore sth completely. D．Discover sth unexpectedly. 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。最后一段中的“Thanks to projects like... the future of marine archaeology is looking promising.”强调“多亏了像布拉德福德大学这样的项目，海洋考古学的未来看起来很有希望。” 但紧接着进行了转折，“然而，我们必须要有耐心”。由此可推知，作者想告诉我们，即使有了这项技术，我们也别指望很快就能意外发现沉没的亚特兰蒂斯。故stumble across 意为“偶然或意外发现”，与D项意思相同。 B (2024·衡水中学期末) In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine systems，a new study published in the journal Environmental DNA details how Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute(MBARI) researchers are using autonomous underwater robots to sample environmental DNA(eDNA)，which allows scientists to detect the presence of aquatic species from the tiny bits of genetic (遗传学的) material they leave behind.This “DNA soup” offers clues about biodiversity changes in sensitive areas and the presence of rare or endangered species—all critical to understanding and preserving a healthy ocean. Researchers combined two novel autonomous platforms developed by MBARI for this study—the LongRange Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(LRAUV) and the Environmental Sample Processor(ESP).The LRAUV can travel for weeks at a time and for hundreds of kilometers.It can enable more frequent sampling in remote sites than traditional research ships.The ESP is a robotic “laboratory-in-a-can” that filters (过滤) sea water and preserves eDNA for future study.By equipping an LRAUV with ESP technology，researchers can monitor the ocean better. “We know that eDNA is an incredibly powerful tool for studying ocean communities，but we've been limited by what we can accomplish using expensive crewed research ships.Now，autonomous technology is helping us make better use of our time and resources to study previously unsurveyed regions of the ocean，” said Kobun Truelove，a biological oceanographer at MBARI and the lead author of the paper. Marine biodiversity is a measure of the abundance of individuals and species in the ocean.This interconnected mixture of organisms supports food webs，produces the air we breathe，and regulates our climate.Autonomous tools like the LRAUV and ESP enable MBARI researchers to monitor changes in sensitive ecosystems in ways that were not possible previously. “Shipbased research will continue to play an important role in oceanographic studies，but adding new autonomous technology to the toolkit will expand capacity for research，monitoring，and resource management，” said Truelove. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。 5．What do the underlined words “aquatic species” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Those living in water. B．Those growing near water. C．Those becoming endangered. D．Those consuming eDNA. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据上文中的“In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine systems”可知，科学家监测的是海洋生物，所以画线词也应该指的是“海洋中的生物”。 6．What can the LRAUV do? A．Filter sea water effectively. B．Preserve eDNA for future study. C．Travel for months at a time in the ocean. D．Reach remote areas of the ocean frequently. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The LRAUV can travel ...than traditional research ships.”可知，远程自主水下航行器(LRAUV) 可以经常到达海洋的偏远地区。 7．What can we infer from Truelove's words? A．Autonomous technology is more economical and efficient. B．Shipbased research is more time-saving and energy-saving. C．Autonomous robots have entirely replaced traditional research ships. D．Crewed research ships help researchers study new parts of the ocean. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Now，autonomous technology is helping ...the lead author of the paper.”可推知，自主技术更加经济、高效。 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Researchers Discover a “DNA Soup” B．Autonomous Technology Needs Improving C．Robots Sample eDNA to Monitor Ocean Health D．The Biodiversity of the Ocean Needs Protection 答案：C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，本文主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。故C项最适合作本文标题。 Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2023·吉林一中高二期末) Coral reefs are being planted in the deep seabed around Hainan Province，a famous tourist destination in China，as part of efforts 1 (protect) the maritime environment and promote green development. Coral reefs cover about 2 percent of the area of the sea floor and provide habitats for about 25 percent of 2 (creature).There is no doubt that they make 3 big difference to stabilizing the ecology of the ocean，according to experts.They work as 4 (extreme)natural barriers to weaken the impact of waves crashing on the shore. However，survival of coral reefs has been challenged due 5 changes in the maritime environment.In 2019，the Hainan South China Sea Institute of Tropical Ocean 6 (initiate) a program to plant millions of coral reefs through professional breeding technology. “It's like 7 (grow) trees under the sea，” said Chen Hong，director of the institute.“Though they grow slowly，the seedlings no 8 (big) than fingernails may become coral reefs 9 size can outgo several soccer fields.” In recent years，the team 10 (plant) over 200，000 coral reefs.That quantity has broken the national record of coral reefs transplantation for amount and the survival rate. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。中国在海南省周围的深海海底种植珊瑚礁，以此保护海洋环境和促进绿色发展。 1．答案：to protect 解析：考查非谓语动词。名词efforts后跟动词不定式作后置定语。故填to protect。 2．答案：creatures 解析：考查名词的单复数。creature为可数名词，再根据空前的about 25 percent of 可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填creatures。 3．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。make a big difference to意为“对……有着重大影响”，为固定搭配。故填a。 4．答案：extremely 解析：考查词性转换。空处作状语修饰形容词natural，表示“非常”，应用副词形式。故填extremely。 5．答案：to 解析：考查介词。due to 意为“由于”，为固定短语。故填to。 6．答案：initiated 解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语In 2019可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填initiated。 7．答案：growing 解析：考查非谓语动词。like在此处作介词，表示“像”。空处作介词的宾语，应用动词-ing形式。故填growing。 8．答案：bigger 解析：考查形容词的比较级。此处表示“虽然它们生长缓慢，但这些指甲大小的幼苗可能会变成珊瑚礁，其大小可以超过几个足球场”。根据句意和than可知，空处应用形容词的比较级，故填bigger。 9．答案：whose 解析：考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是coral reefs，且空处在从句中作定语修饰size，故填whose。 10．答案：has/have planted 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据In recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语为 the team，谓语动词用单复数都可以。故填has/have planted。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$