UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language 课时测评-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版2019）

课时测评10　Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language— Build up your vocabulary (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) (时间：45分钟　满分：61.5分) [语境基础练] 进阶训练一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式 (每小题1分，共8分) 1．All the country's leading players joined in the tournament(锦标赛). 2．A media circus surrounded the royal(王室的)couple wherever they went. 3．Many clubs in the lower reaches of the league(联赛) are in financial difficulty. 4．The beauty of the mountain village is a pleasure to behold(看见). 5．Most Chinese people like the fairy tale of The Cowherd and the Weaving Maid，which dates back to the Han Dynasty. 6．Zheng He，with his fleets，came across the Indian Ocean，and arrived at the east coast of Africa. 7．The trade agreement helped to strengthen the bonds(关系) between the two countries. 8．We can receive up to 500 cable channels (频道). 进阶训练二　用所给词的适当形式填空 (每小题1分，共6分) 1．The incident has received wide coverage (cover) in the press. 2．The extension(extend) of the garden will take several weeks. 3．They begin another round of negotiations (negotiate) today. 4．The telephones are manned (man) 24 hours a day by volunteers. 5．Looking back on my senior high school days，I have a mixed(mix) feeling of happiness and sadness. 6．If you experience any unusual symptoms after withdrawal(withdraw) of the treatment，then contact your doctor. 进阶训练三　完成句子 (每小题3分，共15分) 1．最后，我们拍了一张合影，手里端着茶杯，记录了这次难忘的经历。(with 复合结构) In the end，we took a group photo，with cups of tea in our hands，to record this unforgettable experience. 2．大家早上好！我很荣幸能在这里作一个简短的演讲。(动词不定式短语作真正的主语) Good morning，everyone! It's my honour to be here to make a short speech． 3．在一段很长的江面上，千帆竞发。(set sail) A thousand boats set sail on a long stretch of the river． 4．老师们总是告诉我们，如果想要成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情和我们自己。(what) Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 5．手头有了足够的资料，我们可以按照预定安排开始执行我们的计划了。(in hand) Having enough data in hand，we can set out to carry out our plan as scheduled. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共20分) A (2023·河南郑州十校高二期中联考) Although the North Atlantic right whale has remained the world's most endangered large whale species，we removed it from our Top 10 Endangered Species List a few years back.Because of effective conservation regulations，the number of right whales that travel the Atlantic coasts of Canada and the US had rebounded (回升) from an all-time low of 350 to at least 450 by the middle of the 21st century's second decade. However，the tide of good news for the species now seems to have been reversed，due to global climate change.Warming ocean waters，particularly in the Gulf of Marine where the whales often feed，have caused krill—a tiny creature right whales feed on—to decrease and become more difficult for the whales to find.As a result，the reproduction of right whales has fallen to an alarmingly low level，and deaths due to all causes have increased，with 16 of the huge whales found dead in 2017 alone.Researchers are finding evidence of increased levels of stress in the animals.So alarming is the situation that we've decided to put the North Atlantic right whale right back at the top of our list. The right whale got its name because in the 19th century whalers considered it“right”whale to kill，as it was not only full of valuable whale oil，but it also floated after it was dead，which made it easy to handle and process.As a result，it was driven to near extinction.Though now protected by law，right whales continue to suffer losses due to commercial fishing—and now，it is increasingly worsening.As a result of global climate change，they lack the tiny crustaceans(甲壳纲动物) on which they feed. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因为气候变暖曾被移出十大濒危物种名单的露脊鲸的现状令人堪忧。 1．Why was the North Atlantic right whale taken off the Top 10 Endangered Species List for a time? A．Only a few people focused on it. B．Its population was on the rise again. C．It wasn't considered as endangered. D．Many of them settled along Atlantic coasts. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Because of effective conservation regulations...by the middle of the 21st century's second decade.”可知，由于有效的保护法规，露脊鲸的数量回升，所以露脊鲸一度被移出十大濒危物种名单。故选B项。 2．What does the underlined word“reversed”in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Protected.　　　　 B．Found similar. C．Changed to opposite. D．Accepted. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Because of effective conservation regulations...by the middle of the 21st century's second decade.”和画线词前的“However，the tide of good news for the species now seems”可知，原本的好消息现在已经不是好消息了，再结合第二段中的“As a result...the huge whales found dead in 2017 alone.”可知，露脊鲸的数量在减少，因此好消息已经逆转(与以前相反)了。由此可知，画线词意为“相反的”，与C项意思相近。故选C项。 3．Why does the author mention 16 dead whales in Paragraph 2? A．To stress whales need to be taken seriously. B．To show oceans got seriously polluted in 2017. C．To suggest taking measures to protect whales. D．To warn that whales are on the way to dying out. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“So alarming is the situation that we've decided to put the North Atlantic right whale right back at the top of our list.”可知，露脊鲸要被重新列在十大濒危物种名单首位，因此作者在第二段提到16条死亡的鲸鱼是为了说明鲸鱼需要被认真对待。故选A项。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The tiny creatures do harm to right whales. B．Commercial fishing has been forbidden for years. C．The decrease of right whales is related to humans. D．Climate change results from the death of whales. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The right whale got its name...it was driven to near extinction.”可知，19世纪捕鲸者捕杀露脊鲸，露脊鲸几乎灭绝。由此可知，露脊鲸的减少与人类有关。故选C项。 B (2023·江苏南通海门中学高二期中) SWOT satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth's vital resource．By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans，lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe.It's really the first mission to observe nearly all water on the planet's surface. The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process.Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases.SWOT will scan the seas from the orbit and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations(高度) around smaller currents and eddies (漩涡)，where much of the oceans' decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur.“Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing，rather than absorbing，huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming，rather than limiting it，”said Nadya Shiffer，SWOT's programme scientist. By comparison，earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points，or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line，requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation(外推法).Thanks to the radar instrument，SWOT can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth.This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible. “Rather than giving us a line of elevations，it's giving us a map of elevations，and that's just a total game changer，”said Tamlin Pavelsky，SWOT freshwater science leader. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一颗名为SWOT的卫星将于周四上午被送入太空，以绘制地球上的水域地图。这将帮助科学家了解海洋如何调节气候变化。 5．What does the underlined expression“vital resource”in the first paragraph refer to? A．Technology. B．Climate. C．Oceans. D．Water. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据画线短语下文“By using advanced microwave radar technology...all water on the planet's surface.”可知，SWOT卫星通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高空和地表测量数据，然后对这些水资源进行调查，由此可推知，画线短语vital resource指的是下文提到的water。故选D项。 6．What is the major mission of SWOT? A．To explore the influences of greenhouse gases. B．To explain the consequence of global warming. C．To identify the causes of water absorbing heat and CO2． D．To study the mechanism of oceans influencing climate. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process.”可知，SWOT卫星的主要任务是探索海洋如何通过在自然过程中吸收大气热量和二氧化碳来调节气候变化，即研究海洋如何影响气候变化。故选D项。 7．What makes it possible for SWOT to measure precisely? A．The high-definition computer. B．Advanced radar technology. C．The three-dimensional image. D．An accurate map of elevations. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thanks to the radar instrument，SWOT can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth.”可知，先进的雷达技术使得SWOT能够精确地测量。故选B项。 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．A Solution to Climate Change B．A Breakthrough in Space Travel C．The First Global Water Survey from Space D．The Successful Launch of SWOT Satellite 答案：C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段内容可知，文章报道了计划于周四上午发射的SWOT卫星，通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高空和地表测量数据。这是第一次从太空观察地球表面几乎所有的水。由此可知，C项(第一次从太空进行的全球水资源调查)最适合作文章标题。故选C项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2．5分，共12．5分) Protecting the environment is really challenging，but there are measures that you can take to help preserve the natural world. Participate in a beach or river cleanup.When people litter，their trash often makes its way to our local waterways，destroying the natural homes of birds，fish and other creatures in water. 1 Plant native trees and shrubs. 2 Once established，little or no irrigation should be needed for most well-placed native plants.By planting trees and shrubs that are native to your area，you'll be working with the local ecosystem rather than against it.Check with your local nursery，or with your state's cooperative extension agency，to learn more about the particular varieties of native plants that might grow well in your area. 3 Conserve energy in your home by providing weather stripping and caulking all windows，insulating your ceilings and floors.Purchase appliances that are energy-efficient; look for the “Energy Star” designation.Raise awareness of threats to nature.Make sure you share news about the threats to the environment，both inside and outside your community.Follow social media campaigns，and share their posts.Consider joining in rallies and protest marches if you're able. 4 Eat lower on the food chain.This means eat less beef (high on the food chain) and more root vegetables，and fruits.Smaller fish，being lower on the food chain，are usually better than larger fish. 5 Shifting to a more plant-based style of eating will slow the deforestation that meat production requires. A．Reduce the carbon footprint of your home. B．Try to buy from local growers whenever possible. C．Plant-based foods require less energy to produce. D．Planting native plants helps with water conservation. E.Consider joining in beach or riverside cleanup events. F．Write letters to local newspapers and community blogs. G．Help out by organizing the cleanup near your school during holidays. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些保护环境的具体举措，包括参与海滩或河流的清理工作、种植当地植物、在家中节能等。 1．答案：E 解析：根据上文中的“Participate in a beach or river cleanup.”可知，本段呼吁读者参与海滩或河流的清理工作，故选E项。 2．答案：D 解析：空处承接空前一句，并根据空后一句可知，种植当地植物有助于节约水资源，故选D项。 3．答案：A 解析：根据空后“Conserve energy in your home ...‘Energy Star’ designation.”可知，本段主要讲的是在家中节能，从而减少碳排放，故选A项。 4．答案：F 解析：根据上文中的“Make sure you share news ...share their posts.”并结合选项可知，F项符合语境，故选F项。 5．答案：C 解析：根据空后一句并与本文的主题环保形成呼应可知，植物类的食物消耗能量较少，C项符合语境，故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$