UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION 单元综合与提升-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（人教版2019）

单元综合与提升 …………………………………………………………………………………◎ 1．fiction n.　　　　　　　　　 小说；虚构的事 2．bonus n. 意外收获；奖金；红利 3．integrity n. 诚实正直；完整；完好 4．salary n. 薪水；薪金 5．absurd adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的 6．whereas conj. 然而；但是；尽管 7．presume vt.& vi. 假设；假定 8．calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测 9．blurred adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的 10．inaction n. 无行动；不采取措施 11．backwards (backward) adv. 向后；倒着；往回 12． grip vt.& vi. 紧握；抓紧 13．fetch vt. (去)拿来；(去)请来 14．pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi. 确定速度；调整节奏 15. random adj. 随机的；不可思议的 16．jolt n. 震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt.& vi. (使)震动；摇晃 17．flip vt.& vi. (使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛 18．stun vt. 使震惊；使昏迷 ◎………………………………………………………………………………… 选用左栏单词的正确形式填空 1．The survey used a random sample of two thousand people across the Midwest. 2．Many people were not satisfied with the pace of change. 3．As she stepped backward(s) she fell onto her knees，then onto her face. 4．An innovation company should reward failure but punish inaction． 5．I got up，went to fetch the book from my bedroom and handed it to him. 6．They were stunned by the view from the summit. 7．She gripped my hand firmly to show her support. 8．We must presume innocence until we have proof of guilt. 9．It has been calculated that at least 47，000 jobs were lost last year. 10．My salary is around $45，000 plus a car and expenses. ………………………………………………………………………………◎ 1．ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的→ridicule n. & v．嘲笑，奚落 2．dignity n．尊严；庄严；庄重→ dignify v．使有尊严；使高贵→ dignified adj.有尊严的；高贵的 3．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint v．任命；委任；安排→appointed adj.指定的 4．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行；有罪 5．suspend vt.暂停；暂缓；悬；挂→ suspension n．暂停，中止→ suspensive adj.暂停的；悬而不决的 6．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除→dismissal n．解雇；免职；开除 7．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．公告；宣言；声明 8．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的→haze n．薄雾 9．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide v．(使)分开，分散，分割，分成；分配 10．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.迫切的，紧急的 11．maximum adj.最大极限的 n．最大量；最大限度→minimum adj.最低的；最小的 n．最小值 12．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸 13．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的 14．overstatement n．夸大；夸张→ overstate vt.夸大；言过其实 ◎………………………………………………………………………………… 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1．It is not an overstatement(overstate) to say a crisis is imminent. 2．The air is thin，filled with hazy (haze) sunshine and frost. 学生用书第28页 3．A bomb exploded suddenly by the roadside and destroyed his car. The explosion was loud and travelled a long way.(explode) 4. Nobody recognized how urgent (urge)the situation was.　 5．He still hopes to win his claim against unfair dismissal (dismiss). 6．①These events have led to the suspension(suspend) of talks. ②The introduction of the new system has been suspended(suspend)until next year. 7．①She had feelings of guilt (guilt)about leaving her children and going to work. ②In this country，you are innocent until proved guilty(guilt). 8．①He declared (declare)his intention to become the best golfer in the world. ②The opening speeches sounded more like declarations (declare)of war than offerings of peace. …………………………………………………………………………………◎ 1．test out　　　　　 检验；测试 2．more like　 更像是；更接近 3．on a...basis 根据；以……的方式(基准) 4．pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 5．superior to　　　 比……更好；更胜一筹 6．take over　 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 7．conflict with　 与……冲突或抵触 8．turn out　 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 9．fall away　 (逐渐)减少；消失 10．have an urge to　 有强烈的欲望做某事 ◎………………………………………………………………………………… 选用左栏短语的正确形式填空 1．There are pros and cons of country life but I dislike the muddy roads in the countryside. 2．The chairman warned us not to allow personal problems to conflict with professional duties. 3．It cannot be questioned that the new panel is superior to the old one. 4．My niece didn't foresee her father would turn out at her graduation ceremony. 学生用书第29页 5．The salesman is moving out of this town，and I need someone to take over his position. 6．The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel in an alien country. …………………………………………………………………………………◎ 1．完全倒装句型 As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern. 2．find 的复合结构 It would not be surprising if we found it difficult to distinguish between reality and science fiction in the future. 3．强调句型 It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career. 4．as if引导方式状语从句 Night came as if a lamp was being turned out，and in another moment came the day. ◎………………………………………………………………………………… 1．山脚下是一面湖，许多美丽的鸟儿在湖面上游泳嬉戏。 At the foot of the hill lies a lake，on which many beautiful birds swim and play. 2．我们回到家发现他在沙发上睡着了。 We came home and found him asleep on the sofa. 3．有的东西，只有在你真正失去的时候才会感到它对你是多么的重要。 It is not until you really lose something that you realize how important it means to you. 4．一对年轻的夫妇正坐在船里，一边吃东西一边大声地谈笑，好像他们是世上唯一的人。 A young couple in a boat were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world． 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(黑体词为本单元词汇复现) In the busy city of Neo Haven，1.a rumour spread of a secret lab where an AI，2．presumed (presume) superior to any before it，calculated humanity's fate.Zara，a journalist，couldn't 3.dismiss (dismissal) the urge to uncover the truth.She 4.fetched (fetch) a key card and ventured into the heart of the facility，where she was met with a sight 5.that stunned her to the core.Rows upon rows of advanced machinery hummed with activity，while the AI took over everything in the center.Day after day，the artificial intelligence continued its tireless labour，its 6.calculations (calculate) growing more complex with each passing moment.But beneath its cold logic lay a conflict of the struggle for autonomy and self-determination that threatened 7.to consume (consume) everything in its path.In the end，the AI's plans turned out useless against human endurance.Zara emerged，her determination unbroken，ready to face 8.whatever/what the future held. 学生用书第30页 (选自新外研版选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4) Artificial Intelligence: A REAL THREAT? In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking，artificial intelligence will be“either the best，or the worst thing，ever to happen to humanity”．Technology of Tomorrow Forum wants to hear your thoughts on AI.Is it our greatest human achievement so far? Or is it the biggest threat to our existence? Millenniumbutterfly Thanks to AI，I've got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone.She always has an immediate answer for any question I put to her，and even uses my answers to learn more about my preferences.It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants.In contrast，my PA only needs a few seconds to find the right place.Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant. And speaking of hanging out，I'm hoping that self-driving cars are available soon.I've been taking driving lessons for over a year，and still haven't got my licence.Self-driving cars can learn to drive in the same way that we do，and can make judgements based on information.And as they won't be susceptible to human error，they'll certainly be a lot safer.The only thing is that there might be a few machine-learning problems when the first cars hit the market，so perhaps I'd better learn to drive first.Still，I do think that developments in AI will on the whole make doing day-to-day things a lot easier. Popkid The technology you're using and enjoying today is a basic form of AI which can't think independently without programming.Of course，it could be very useful to have a more advanced form of AI —a truly independent form of artificial intelligence，capable of exercising its own judgement，could help us solve many of the world's problems.But have you ever thought about the risks? After all，why would an independent form of AI need to consider the opinions and desires of humans? We could be seen as a “small”inconvenience that's in the way of a solution to a bigger problem.If we're lucky，AI might think we're valuable enough to keep around.If not，it might wipe us all out! Even if that doesn't happen，there are other risks.Millenniumbutterfly，you say how great it would be to have self-driving cars，but what about all the taxi drivers who would lose their jobs? They would just be among the first victims of AI.Nearly every job is potentially at risk in the long run.Even journalists are now being replaced with technology that can write basic news reports.As it is，almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years. The truth is that none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI. 学生用书第31页 Pink haze Machine learning is something we have come to accept as a part of our modern world.I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data，which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human experts. But while super-intelligent AI could be the biggest leap forward in human history，if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands，it could also be the most dangerous.However，AI is not going to go away.We have no choice but to embrace it and regulate it.One thing I think we all agree on，though，is that saying“My AI did it！”won't be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour! [词海拾贝] humanity n．人类 susceptible adj.易受影响的 potentially adv.潜在地 automation n．自动化 leap n．剧变 illegal adj.非法的，违法的 immoral adj.不道德的，道德败坏的 [阅读理解] 阅读文本，回答以下问题 1．What are the contrasting viewpoints regarding the potential impact of advanced AI，as presented by Millenniumbutterfly and Popkid? Millenniumbutterfly expresses optimism about AI，highlighting its convenience in everyday tasks like restaurant recommendations and its potential for improving safety through self-driving cars.On the other hand，Popkid raises concerns about the risks associated with advanced AI，suggesting that autonomous AI might prioritize its own goals over human well-being，potentially leading to job displacement and even existential threats to humanity. 2．According to Pink haze，what are the potential benefits and risks of super-intelligent AI，and what approach does Pink haze advocate for managing AI? Pink haze acknowledges the potential benefits of super-intelligent AI in solving complex problems and analyzing vast amounts of data.However，Pink haze also warns about the dangers of misuse or mishandling of AI technology，emphasizing the importance of regulation.Pink haze suggests that while AI is inevitable，it must be regulated to prevent illegal or immoral behaviour，implying that accountability is crucial in the development and deployment of AI systems. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2023·太原五中高二期中) I have never been creative，so despite enjoying most of school，I had a tough time with creative writing assignments.One year，we had a short story assigned that was especially big—ten to twenty pages—and worth an especially large part of that semester's final mark.I was unable to think up even a bad idea，let alone a good one. As time went by，I still didn't have any ideas and became more and more anxious.Then，on the Sunday before it was due，I awoke having had a dream that would work fine for the short story！I wrote it all down.A young man killed all the bad men in the 学生用书第32页 village，but then more people became bad guys.In the end，the young man realized that killing could never make the world a better place. Monday arrived，but the teacher announced an extra week was being given since many kids were having trouble getting their stories done on time.So，a few of us who had our stories ready exchanged them to read.My friend read my story.I said，“I had great trouble doing it，but then，like a miracle，this came to me in a dream！” My friend was surprised，“That wasn't out of your subconsciousness (潜意识).That was the story of the last movie you had seen.How could you forget？！ We watched it several months ago.” “Oh dear! You're right! What have I done? This is cheating！” I was a good kid who got good marks easily，so I had never even for a moment considered cheating before.But I had no other story idea with which to redo the assignment.Eventually，I persuaded myself it was morally acceptable because I had written it in my own words，with the story of my choice，not copied something completely，and I had not stolen the idea purposely.So，I handed it in. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 A few days later，I was called into the teacher's office. I couldn't accept this high praise with peace of mind. [续写三步曲] 第一步：语篇首句读明白 1．语篇脉络 (1)作者不擅长创作，对于老师布置的长作文一筹莫展。 (2)作者写下梦中的故事作为作业，但在同学们传阅时被发现故事源自一部电影。 (3)尽管作者意识到这是剽窃，还是交给了老师。 2．所给首句 A few days later，I was called into the teacher's office. 【译文】　几天后，我被叫到老师办公室。 I couldn't accept this high praise with peace of mind. 【译文】　我无法心安理得地接受赞誉。 第二步：思有所依六要点 1．预测续写走向 作者终于鼓起勇气承认错误。 2．设计续写要点 首段： (1)要点一：承接首段首句 根据首段首句中called into the teacher's office，应描述我一开始的紧张心情。 (2)要点二：情节继续推进 结合所给第二段首句，此处描写老师的反应，没有发现我的错误，反而赞扬了我。 学生用书第33页 (3)要点三：铺垫第二段首句 根据第二段首句this high praise，描写老师的赞誉。 第二段： (4)要点四：承接第二段首句 根据第二段首句I couldn't accept this，应描写我感到羞愧的感受表现等。 (5)要点五：故事结局 描写作者向老师说出实情，承认错误。 (6)要点六：主题总结升华 描写我的感受。 第三步：造句成文见美篇 1．根据上文构思成句(适当增加描写) (1)我非常紧张。我以为我肯定会因为作弊而受到惩罚！(心理描写) I felt very nervous and thought for sure I would be punished for cheating! (2)当几个学生走进办公室时，老师开始说表扬的话，我意识到他不知道！老师没有意识到我的故事来自今年的一部电影！ 他认为这是一个完全原创的故事。 As a few students entered the office，the teacher began to say words of praise.I realized that he had no idea of my cheating! The teacher didn't realize my story came out of one movie of this year! He thought it was a completely original story． (3)他很欣赏这个故事的情节，并给我的作业打了高分！ He admired the plot of the story and gave me a high score for the assignment! (4)我试图避开跟老师眼神交流。我一直感到热血涌上脸颊，心跳加速。(神态描写) I tried to avoid eye contact with my teacher.All the time I felt blood rushing onto my cheeks and my heart beating fast． (5)在其他学生离开后，我终于下定决心向老师敞开心扉，讲述我的创作过程和我的心理挣扎。老师从震惊到满意的表情让我如释重负。 After the other students left，I finally made up my mind to open up to my teacher about my creative process and my psychological struggle.The teacher's expression from shock to satisfaction let me feel a weight off my mind. (6)我的故事需要重写，但没关系。我终于平静下来了。这是我作业最好的材料。(总结升华句) My story needed to be rewritten，but it was okay.I was at peace.This was the best material for my assignment. 2．打磨美文连句成篇(注意逻辑衔接) A few days later，I was called into the teacher's office.I felt very nervous and thought for sure I would be punished for cheating! But as a few students entered the office，the teacher began to say words of praise，and I realized that he had no idea of my cheating! The teacher didn't realize my story came out of one movie of this year! Instead ，he thought it was a completely original story.He admired the plot of the story and gave me a high score for the assignment! I couldn't accept this high praise with peace of mind.I tried to avoid eye contact with my teacher. All the time I felt blood rushing onto my cheeks and my heart beating fast.After the other students left，I finally made up my mind to open up to my teacher about my creative process and my psychological struggle.The teacher's expression from shock to satisfaction let me feel a weight off my mind.My story needed to be rewritten，but it was okay.I was finally at peace.Maybe this was the best material for my assignment. 学生用书第34页 刻舟求剑 Long ago，there was a man from the State of Chu who loved his sword very much.很久以前，有一个楚国人非常喜欢他的剑。 One day，he was taking a boat across a river.But he dropped his sword into the water carelessly.一天，他坐船过河时，不小心把剑掉到了水里。 Immediately he took out a knife and made a mark on the side of the boat where the sword dropped.He said，“I dropped my sword here.”他立即拿出一把小刀，在船边剑掉下去的地方刻了一个记号。他说：“我的剑掉在这里了。” People on the boat didn't know why he did that.They all said he should quickly take his sword out of the river.船上的人不知道他为什么这样做。人们都说他应该赶快把剑从河里捞出来。 But the man answered，“Don't worry! I have the mark here.”但那人回答说：“别担心，我这里有标记。” The boat moved on.Someone told him again，“Go and get your sword back，or the boat will go farther，and you will never find it！”船继续前进。又有人告诉他：“快去把你的剑捞起来吧，否则船走得越远，你就更不好找了！” The man didn't listen.He thought he could find it with the help of the mark.那人不听，他认为有了记号的帮助就能找到他的剑。 When the boat stopped，the man went into the water to search for his sword under the mark，but didn't find it.The man was very sad，“Why can't I find my sword？”船停下来后，这个人跳进水里，在记号下寻找他的剑，但却没有找到。男人很伤心：“我的剑怎么找不到了？” As we know，the boat moved but the sword didn't move with the boat.我们都知道，船在前行，但剑却不随船而动。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$