UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking—Reading comprehension-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版2019）

UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION 主题语境：人与社会——科技发展与创新精神 单元目标速览 单元话题导入 Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking —Reading comprehension 内容索引 语篇研读　细梳理 1 语篇助解　释疑难 2 课时测评 3 语篇研读　细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading Think about the two questions below. 1．How do robots already help humans in their lives? ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Do you think it is possible for a robot to have feelings? why? _____________________________________________________________________________ do the housework；help elderly people and the disabled；serve cuisine and gather dirty dishes；wash the dishes No. Because robots are programmed and controlled by computers.(Answers may vary.) Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What is the text mainly about? A．Larry Belmont's business trip. B．Claire's transformation with the help of a robot. C．Tony's development as a household robot. D．Claire's encounter with Gladys Claffern. √ Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph Para.1 A．Claire first met the robot Tony. Para.2 B．Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant. Para.3　 C．Tony helped Claire with her problems and was discovered by neighbors. Para.4　 D．Claire began to trust Tony. Para.5　 E．A company started experimenting with a household robot. Para.6　 F．Claire felt embarrassed and disturbed when offered service. Para.7　 G．Tony declared his feelings for Claire just before the party. Para.8　 H．Tony protected Claire from falling but scared her off. Para.9　 I．Tony suggested a night party. Ⅲ.Read for the structure Read the passage again and fill in the blanks. Part One (Para.1) Tony，a household robot，was to be 1. in Claire's family. Part Two (Para.2) Claire felt 2. when she met Tony the first time. Part Three (Para.3) Claire felt 3. and disturbed when offered help with dressing. Part Four (Para.4) Claire began to trust Tony and admired his wisdom and 4. ． Part Five (Paras.5－9) Tony helped Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more 5. . tested out alarmed embarrassed integrity elegant Ⅳ.Read for details 1．What was the primary purpose of the household robot that was being tested in the story? A．To be tested out by Claire and report back to the company. B．To automate household chores and tasks for Claire. C．To help improve Claire's social standing and elegance. D．To provide protection for Claire while her husband was away. 2．Why did Claire feel embarrassed when Tony offered to help her dress? A．Because she didn't like Tony's appearance. B．Because she was shy about her appearance. C．Because she was afraid Tony would harm her. D．Because she felt uncomfortable being assisted by a robot. √ √ 3．What was the primary reason Claire felt guilty after her encounter with Gladys Claffern? A．She was ashamed of her modest home and appearance. B．She was worried Gladys would inform her husband，Larry，about Tony. C．She was concerned Gladys would think she and Tony were in a relationship. D．She had lied to Gladys about the nature of her relationship with Tony. 4．How did Claire's perception of Tony evolve over the course of the story? A．She remained distrustful and uncomfortable with his presence. B．She went from feeling alarmed to developing romantic feelings for him. C．She gradually came to admire his integrity and began to confide in him. D．She maintained a purely professional relationship with him throughout. √ √ Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1. 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是在她的丈夫将要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝说她机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。 2． 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 她告诉他，她很不高兴，因为她的家对拉里来说不够雅致，拉里想通过更高的薪水来提高自己的社会地位。 Ⅱ.写作佳句 1．教材佳句　He seemed more like a human than a machine.(比喻句) 学后仿写　当我们在沙滩上行走时，细软的沙子更像丝绸一样柔软，而不像岩石那样坚硬。 When we walk on the beach，the fine，soft sand is _____________________ _____________________． more like silk，soft and gentle，than hard rock 2． 教材佳句　He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice，although his facial expression never changed. (人物相貌描写) 学后仿写　她高挺光滑的头发如闪闪发光的瀑布飘洒在肩上，增添了她的优雅气质。 Her ______________ poured down her shoulders like __________________ ，adding to her elegant appearance. 3．教材佳句　She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.(动作神态描写) 学后仿写　当她惊奇地望着夜空时，她对头顶闪烁的无数星星感到惊叹。 As she ______________________________，she marveled at the countless stars twinkling above. tall，smooth hair a shimmering waterfall looked at the night sky with wonder Ⅲ.品质升华 1．Do you think it is possible for a person to love a robot? Why？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What relationship do you think will develop between humans and robots in the future？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ No，I don't think that a person would love a robot. Because a robot is just a machine that has no emotions and facial expressions. Robots will become the right-hand man of humans and can do almost everything under the command of humans. 返回 语篇助解　释疑难 返回 ①satisfaction /ˌsætɪs'fækʃn/ n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物 ②household /'haʊshəʊld/ adj.家庭的；家用的n.一家人；家庭 ③test out 检验；测试 原文呈现 名师圈点 SATISFACTION① GUARANTEED (Adapted) Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots.Recently it had begun experimenting with a household② robot.It was going to be tested out③ by Larry's wife，Claire. “that made robots”是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a company。 ④on a business trip出差 ⑤bonus /'bəʊnəs/ n．意外收获；奖金；红利 ⑥alarmed /ə'lɑːmd/ adj.担心的；害怕的 原文呈现 名师圈点 Claire didn't want the robot in her house，especially as her husband would be away on a business trip④ for three weeks，but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.It would be a bonus⑤.However，when she first saw the robot，she felt alarmed⑥.His name was Tony.He seemed more like a human than a machine.He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice，although his facial expression never changed. “as her husband would be away...”是as引导的时间状语从句。 more...than...与其说……倒不如说…… ⑦embarrassed /ɪm'bærəst/ adj.难堪的；尴尬的 embarrass v．(使)尴尬，窘迫；使难堪，使为难 ⑧disturbing /dɪ'stɜːbɪŋ/ adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 disturb v．打扰，妨碍；使焦虑，使烦恼 原文呈现 名师圈点 On the second morning，Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.She felt embarrassed⑦ and quickly told him to go.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human ，and it was disturbing⑧. “that looked so human”是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a robot。 ⑨ridiculous /rɪ'dɪkjələs/ adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 look ridiculous 看上去很可笑 ⑩sympathy /'sɪmpəθɪ/ n．同情(心) ⑪integrity /ɪn'teɡrəti/ n．诚实正直；完整；完好 ⑫elegant /'elɪɡənt/ adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的 原文呈现 名师圈点 One day，Claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever.Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that.Claire thought it was ridiculous⑨ that she was being offered sympathy⑩ by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity⑪ and began to trust him.He always treated her with dignity.She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn't elegant⑫ enough for Larry，who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary.She wasn't like Gladys Claffern，one of the richest and most powerful women around. “who wanted to...with a bigger salary”是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Larry。 ⑬favour /'feɪvə/ n．喜爱；恩惠vt.喜爱；偏袒 ⑭or rather更确切地说 ⑮scan /skæn/vt.细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描 ⑯with wonder惊奇地 ⑰absurd /əb'sɜːd/ adj.荒谬的；荒唐的 原文呈现 名师圈点 As a favour⑬，Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.So Claire borrowed some library books for him to read，or rather⑭，scan⑮.She looked at his fingers with wonder⑯ as they turned each page . How absurd⑰，she thought. He was just a machine. as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。 ⑱hairstyle /'heəstaɪl/n.发型 ⑲makeup /'meɪkʌp/ n．化妆品 ⑳accompany /ə'kʌmpəni/ vt.陪伴；伴奏 ㉑appointment/ə'pɔɪntmənt/n.预约；约会；委任 ㉒be rude to sb对某人粗暴 原文呈现 名师圈点 Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle⑱ and improved her makeup⑲.As he was not allowed to accompany⑳ her to the shops，he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.Claire went downtown and bought these things.She had an appointment㉑to paint her nails，then she went into an expensive clothes shop.The saleswoman there was rude to㉒her，so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.He spoke to the woman，who immediately changed her attitude.Claire thanked Tony，telling him that he was a “dear” ． 画线部分是动词-ing形式短语作状语。 ㉓turn around转身；翻转 ㉔awful/'ɔːfl/adj.极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的 ㉕in a relationship恋爱中 ㉖innocent/'ɪnəsnt/adj.无辜的 原文呈现 名师圈点 As she turned around㉓，there stood Gladys Claffern .How awful㉔to be discovered by her，Claire thought. By the look on her face，Claire knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship㉕.After all，she knew Claire's husband's name was Larry，not Tony. Although it was completely innocent㉖，Claire felt guilty. “there stood Gladys Claffern”是there置于句首构成的完全倒装句。 ㉗sensitive/'sensətɪv/adj.敏感的 transform/træns‘fɔːm/ vt.转变；改变 原文呈现 名师圈点 When Claire got home，she wept.Gladys was everything Claire wished to be．Tony told her she was being sensitive㉗ and was just as good as Gladys. He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. By that time，Tony expected that the house，which was being completely transformed㉘，would be ready. “Claire wished to be”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。 “be＋being＋形容词”常用来表达被陈述对象行为反常(暂时的特点或表现)以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备等情绪。 句中that引导宾语从句，作动词suggested的宾语，从句谓语用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。 ㉙steadily/'stedəli/adv.稳定地 ㉚manage to do sth设法做成某事 原文呈现 名师圈点 Tony worked steadily㉙ on the improvements. Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling， but she fell off the ladder. Even though Tony had been in the next room，he managed to catch her㉚ in time ． As he held her， she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed，pushed him away，and ran to her room. 句中“suspended from the ceiling”是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词a light。 句中Even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使，虽然”。 画线部分是As引导的时间状语从句，as意为“当……时候”。 ㉛dismiss/dɪs'mɪs/vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 ㉜declare/dɪ'kleə(r)/vt.表明；宣称；公布 ㉝more than不仅仅是，远非 原文呈现 名师圈点 The night of the party arrived.The clock struck eight. The guests would be arriving soon，so Claire dismissed㉛ Tony for the rest of the night.At that moment，Tony took her in his arms，bringing his face close to hers. She heard him declare㉜ that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than㉝ just the desire to please her.Then the front door bell rang. 句中“bringing his face close to hers”是动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语。 译文参考 《包你满意》(改编) 拉里·贝尔蒙特在一家生产机器人的公司工作。最近，该公司要对一个家用机器人进行试验。这个机器人将由拉里的妻子克莱尔测试。 克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是在她的丈夫将要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝说她机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。这会是个意外的收获。然而，她初次见到机器人的时候就感到有点儿担心。机器人名叫托尼。他看起来更像一个人，而不是一台机器。他虽然面部表情毫无变化，但是个子高大，相貌英俊，头发平整，声音低沉浑厚。 第二天早晨，托尼给她端来了早餐，然后问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。她感到有点儿尴尬，很快就打发他走了。现在她正在被一个如此通人性的机器人照顾，这让人很不安。 有一天，克莱尔说起，她觉得她自己不聪明。托尼则说，她一定是很不高兴，才会说出这样的话来。克莱尔认为她被机器人同情是荒谬的，但她逐渐钦佩他的智慧和诚实正直，并且开始信任他。他对待她总是很敬重。她告诉他，她很不高兴，因为她的家对拉里来说不够雅致，拉里想通过更高的薪水来提高自己的社会地位。她跟格拉迪丝·克拉芬不一样，格拉迪丝是远近闻名的最有钱有势的女人之一。 托尼为了让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得更漂亮，使她的家变得更优雅大方。于是克莱尔从图书馆借来一些书给托尼阅读，更确切地说给他浏览一下。她惊奇地看着他的手指翻动着书页。她在想，这是多么荒唐啊，他只不过是一台机器呀。 托尼给克莱尔换了新发型，还改进了她的妆容。由于他不被允许陪她去商店，他就列了一张物品清单，上面写了他装修房子所需要的东西。克莱尔去市区买了这些东西。她预约好了去做美甲，然后走进了一家高档的服装店。那里的女售货员对她很粗鲁，所以她打电话给托尼，告诉他自己受到了恶劣对待。他跟那个售货员通话之后，售货员立刻改变了态度。克莱尔对托尼表示感谢，并说他是个“可爱的人”。当她转过身时，格拉迪丝·克拉芬就站在那里。克莱尔想，被格拉迪丝发现了，这多么难为情啊。从她脸上的表情来看，克莱尔知道，格拉迪丝认为她有婚外情。毕竟她知道克莱尔的丈夫叫拉里，而不叫托尼。尽管完全是清白的，克莱尔还是有负罪感。 克莱尔回到家里，哭了起来。她多希望能成为格拉迪丝那样的女人。托尼对克莱尔说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她就像格拉迪丝一样好。他建议克莱尔在他离开，也就是拉里回来的前一天晚上邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。到那时，托尼期待正在彻底改造的房子能完工。 托尼有条不紊地搞着装修。克莱尔试图帮忙修理悬挂在天花板上的一盏灯，但她从梯子上摔了下来。尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间，但他还是及时赶过来把她接住了。当他抱着她时，她感觉到了他身上的温暖。她尖叫了起来，把他推开，跑回了自己的房间。 聚会的那天晚上到了。时钟敲响八点。客人们很快就要到了，所以克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。就在这时，托尼把她抱在怀里，把脸贴近她。她听到他说，他第二天不想离开她，而且他不仅仅是想讨她的欢心。这时，前门的门铃响了。 返回 课时测评 返回 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2．5分，共37.5分) A (2023·杭州高二下学期期末) Building with 3D printing technology is sparking widespread interest in the construction industry. Besides reducing waste and our impact on the environment，it can speed up construction from weeks，or months，to days. To see how the technology can change the world around us，here are some projects that highlight bold ideas in 3D print building. Instant Neighborhood Community building takes on new meaning with the creation of a neighborhood of 3D printed homes in Tabasco，Mexico，aimed at tackling global homelessness.American non-profit New Story and tech company ICON built each concrete house from start to completion in 24 hours.New Story says its aim is to provide shelter for people without homes around the world. Nested Housing Shamballa is the idea of Italian 3D print construction company WASP.This project uses soil and straw to build a home in days that cost only 48 Euros in materials and energy.Its round designs are based on the wasp (黄蜂) nest.Each home features a laboratory with a desktop 3D printer for making furniture，artistic objects and more. Think Schools African island state Madagascar is hosting one of the world's most forward-thinking school building projects.Non-profit Thinking Huts is using 3D print technology to provide schools where children have little or no access to education. Schools are built using local materials and low carbon concrete in under a week. Concrete Steps Researchers at the Swiss University ETH Zurich used concrete 3D printing to build the 16 metre long curved Striatus footbridge in a couple of days.The project used 500 layers of concrete and 53 hollow blocks，held in place by compression (压缩).This reduces materials by up to 70 per cent，and the entire bridge can be pulled down and recycled. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章列举了四个使用了3D打印技术的建筑。 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Its round designs are based on the wasp (黄蜂) nest.”可知，巢式住宅的设计灵感是圆形的黄蜂的巢。故选C。 1．What could be the inspiration behind the design of Nested Housing? A．A featured laboratory. B．A forward-thinking school. C．A round wasp nest. D．A long stone bridge. √ 细节理解题。根据末段首句以及末句可知，Concrete Steps的3D建筑项目可以拆除并重复使用。故选B。 2．Which 3D construction project can be torn down and reused? A．Instant Neighborhood. B．Concrete Steps. C．Think Schools. D．Nested Housing. √ 细节理解题。通读全文，尤其根据首段前两句可知，本文主要介绍了使用3D打印技术的建筑，而他们的共同点是建筑工期变短，即修建得更快。故选B。 3．What do these four 3D building projects have in common? A．They use local materials. B．They make construction faster. C．They are affordable to the homeless. D．They are high in cost. √ B (2024·山东泰安高二上期末) Earlier this year，I had a chance to go to space.I was really excited and made full preparations for it. Finally，the day arrived.With all the noise，we lifted off.I could see Earth disappearing. As we ascended (上升)，I was at once aware of pressure.The force of gravity pulled at me.There was an instrument that told us how many g's (重力加速度的倍数) we were experiencing.At two g's，I tried to raise my arm，and I could barely do so.At three g's，I felt my face being pushed down into my seat.I thought，“Will I pass out? How many g's can my ninety-year-old body deal with？” Suddenly，no g's.Weightlessness.We were floating. We got out of our safety belt and began to float around.And I got to the window as quickly as possible to see what was out there. I looked down，and I could see the hole that our spaceship had left in the atmosphere.I continued my self-guided tour and turned my head to face the other direction，staring into space.I saw a cold，dark，black emptiness.It was unlike any blackness you can see or feel on Earth.My excitement disappeared，and I felt really down.I turned back toward the light of home.I could see the curvature (曲度) of the Earth，the white of the clouds and the blue of the sky.It was Mother Earth. The contrast between the coldness of space and the warm nurturing of Earth below filled me with great sadness.In space，I had the strongest feeling ever that Earth is the only home we have.But we were doing many things that threatened our survival on Earth.I know we should devote ourselves to our planet and love all around us. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了90岁的作者今年体验了一次去太空的经历，描述了这次经历的所见所闻所感。 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Will I pass out? How many g's can my ninety-year-old body deal with？”可知，作者担心他会因为太老而昏倒。故选C。 4．How did the author feel faced with gradual changes in g's? A．He found he could raise arms easily. B．He felt his face was pressed against the safety belt. C．He thought he would pass out because he was too old. D．He believed he could deal with the gravity because he was strong. √ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I could see the curvature (曲度) of the Earth，the white of the clouds and the blue of the sky.”可知，作者在太空中漂浮时看到了白云环绕的大地轮廓。故选D。 5．What did the author see when floating in space? A．The black hole in space. B．A cold and white emptiness. C．Other beautiful planets in space. D．The outline of the earth with white clouds. √ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“My excitement disappeared，and I felt really down.”以及最后一段中的“The contrast between the coldness of space and the warm nurturing of Earth below filled me with great sadness.”可推知，这次旅行与作者的期望不一致。故选C。 6．Which of the following best describes the author's trip? A．The author felt extremely lonely. B．The author found the trip very boring. C．The trip was inconsistent with the author's expectation. D．The trip filled the author's fellows with depression. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In space，I had the strongest feeling ever that Earth is the only home we have.But we were doing many things that threatened our survival on Earth.”可推知，作者的太空之旅告诉我们应该珍惜并保护地球。故选B。 7．What can we infer from the author's trip to space? A．We should live in harmony with aliens. B．We should value the earth and protect it. C．We should try to move to the other planets. D．We should consider escaping from the earth. √ C (2023·湖北武汉5G联合体高二下期末) Used electronics are piling up fast: they are filling up landfills with dangerous pieces of waste.Some e-waste is relatively large，such as air conditioners; other e-waste is more unnoticed，such as smart labels that contain disposable batteries and other equipment. “It's these small batteries that are big problems，” says University of California，Irvine，public health scientist Dele Ogunseitan，who is a green technology researcher and adviser for major tech companies and was not involved in developing the battery.“Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.” Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology are working to address this problem.Their new paper describes a water-activated paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices. The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently.Like a typical chemical battery，it has a positively charged side and a negatively charged side.A traditional battery's components are covered in plastic and metal; in the new battery，however，the positively and negatively charged sides are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.That paper is filled with salt，which dissolves (溶解) when the paper becomes wet.When the paper is dry，the battery is shelf-stable.Once the paper is wet，the battery starts working within 20 seconds.The new battery's operating performance declines as the paper dries.When the scientists rewet the paper during testing，the battery regained function and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again. That future may not be so far off.It is hard to predict a time line for manufacturing such items at scale，but the head of the study says he is in contact with potential industry partners and believes these batteries could make their way into products within the next two to five years. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对电子垃圾越来越多的现象，提出纸电池的概念，以及纸电池在减少电子垃圾方面的作用。 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory...more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.”可推知，第一段提出电子垃圾是为了引入后文话题：纸电池。故选A。 8．Why is e-waste mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce the topic. B．To give people warning. C．To show the seriousness of it. D．To call on people to take action. √ 观点态度题。根据第二段中的“‘It's these small batteries that are big problems，’ says...‘Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.’”可知，Dele很担忧电子垃圾。故选D。 9．What is Dele's attitude towards e-waste? A．Objective.　　　　　　 B．Carefree. C．Indifferent. D．Concerned. √ 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段描述了纸电池的关键部件的不同包装过程，也就是其工作原理。故选B。 10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The difference between the paper battery and the traditional battery. B．The working principle of the paper battery. C．The problem of the paper battery. D．The advantage of the paper battery. √ 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要针对电子垃圾越来越多的现象，提出纸电池的概念，以及纸电池在减少电子垃圾方面的作用。因此C项“Paper battery: A creative way to reduce e-waste”为本文的最佳标题。故选C。 11．What is the most suitable title for the text ? A．Paper battery: Is it far off ? B．Paper can work wonders C．Paper battery: A creative way to reduce e-waste D．Let's work together to fight e-waste √ D (2023·浙江杭州高二下期末) Scientists of the University of Antwerp and University of Liege have found how the human brain changes and adapts to weightlessness，after being in space for 6 months. A child who learns not to drop a glass on the floor is an example of how the brain follows the physical laws of gravity to best function on Earth. Astronauts who go to space station live in a weightless environment，where the brain's rules about gravity are no longer applicable.A new study on brain function in astronauts has found how the brain's organization is changed after a six-month mission to the International Space Station(ISS). The University of Antwerp has been leading this BRAIN-DTI scientific project through the European Space Agency. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)(磁共振成像)data were taken from 14 astronauts' brains before and several times after their mission to space. Using a special MRI technique，the researchers collected the astronauts' brain data in a resting condition. In cooperation with the University of Liege，recent analyses of the brain's activity at rest found how functional connectivity，a marker of how activity in some brain areas is connected with the activity in others，changes in specific regions. “We found that connectivity was altered after spaceflight in regions which support the combination of different types of information，rather than dealing with only one type each time，” say Steven Jillings and Floris Wuyts.“Moreover，we found that some of these changed communication patterns remained throughout 8 months of being back on Earth.At the same time，some brain changes returned to the level of how the areas were functioning before the space mission.” The researchers are excited with the results，though they know it is only the first step in pursuing our understanding of brain communication changes after space travel.For example，we need to understand whether longer time spent in outer space might influence these observations，and whether brain characteristics may be helpful in selecting future astronauts or monitoring them during and after space travel. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于太空旅行对人类大脑影响的研究，并介绍了研究开展的经过以及研究的发现。 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“A child who learns not to drop a glass on the floor is an example of how the brain follows the physical laws of gravity to best function on Earth.”可推知，作者通过举例子解释人类大脑的变化。故选D。 12．How does the author explain the changes in the human brain? A．By collecting the data. B．By doing a survey. C．By introducing a new concept. D．By giving an example. √ 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句以及画线词后文“after spaceflight in regions which support the combination of different types of information，rather than dealing with only one type each time”可知，后文提到“大脑的一些变化回到了太空任务前的水平”，由此可推知，研究人员发现在太空飞行后，支持不同类型信息组合的区域的连通性发生了变化，而不是每次只处理一种信息，故画线词altered意思是“改变”，与C项意思相近。故选C。 13．What does the underlined word “altered” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Strengthened. B．Shortened. C．Changed. D．Established. √ 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“The researchers are excited with the results，though they know it is only the first step in pursuing our understanding of brain communication changes after space travel.”可推知，研究人员对未来研究的态度是充满希望的。故选D。 14．What is the researchers' attitude towards their future study? A．Doubtful. B．Uncertain. C．Worried. D．Hopeful. √ 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于太空旅行对人类大脑影响的研究以及研究开展的经过和发现。故选B。 15．What's the text mainly about? A．The adaptation of the brain is a must for space travel. B．Space travel influences the way the brain works. C．The changes of the brain may affect space travel. D．Space travel improves the function of the brain permanently. √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2．5分，共12．5分) (2023·江苏镇江高二联考) Mindless eating: You may also be a mindless eater! Every one of us has moments of mindless eating.For example，you may unintentionally munch (大声咀嚼) your way through a whole bag of chips while watching TV. 1 People tend to reach out for food easily when they are upset，bored or stressed.However，when we consume various snacks mechanically，we end up feeling unhappier and even guilty. Mindful eating: Enjoy your food! 2 It means paying attention to the present moment with curiosity，openness as well as kindness.It means being present with your food and the eating process with all your consciousness and awareness. Before eating，you should assess whether you are hungry or not.Ask yourself honestly: Am I truly physically hungry or do I just want to use food as a way to escape the unwanted feelings hidden in the depth of my heart? If it is so，what are they? Boredom，depression，stress or fear? 3 You should eat only when you are hungry. During the eating process，you should eat slowly without distractions of any kind.Don't watch TV or be glued to your cellphone screens. 4 Chew and enjoy each and every bite and fully appreciate this moment. It is also very important that you should never lose track of your feelings: Feel the decrease in hunger and increase in fullness of your stomach.About halfway through the meal，you need to check yourself and ask the questions: Am I satisfied? Do I need to keep eating? Stop when you are satisfied and no longer hungry. 5 Start practising mindful eating now and you will benefit a lot from it! A．Mindfulness is exactly the opposite of mindlessness. B．More often than not，we eat not because of hunger but for comfort. C．You should often keep in mind you must feel your level of hunger. D．Instead，you should direct all your attention to the food in front of you. E．However，you should choose the healthier stuff that can energise your body. F．Always remember those negative emotions will never get handled by simply eating food. G．This conscious check and honest self-inquiry have proved to be effective in preventing overeating. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以防止无意识进食的方法。 上文提到每个人都会无意识地吃东西，并进行了举例说明，下文提到了容易让人们吃东西的几种情绪(upset, bored，stressed)，B 项提到我们吃东西往往不是因为饥饿，而是为了得到慰藉，与下文人们有消极情绪时容易吃东西相呼应，符合语境，故选 B。 Mindless eating: You may also be a mindless eater! Every one of us has moments of mindless eating.For example，you may unintentionally munch (大声咀嚼) your way through a whole bag of chips while watching TV. ________________________________________________ ______________ People tend to reach out for food easily when they are upset，bored or stressed.However，when we consume various snacks mechanically，we end up feeling unhappier and even guilty. B．More often than not，we eat not because of hunger but for comfort. Mindful eating: Enjoy your food! _______________________________________________ It means paying attention to the present moment with curiosity，openness as well as kindness.It means being present with your food and the eating process with all your consciousness and awareness. A．Mindfulness is exactly the opposite of mindlessness. 根据Mindful eating: Enjoy your food！段中内容及设空处后文“It means paying attention to the present moment...”可知，此处介绍Mindful eating的含义，It指代设空处中的内容，故设空处应与 mindful 相关。故 A 选项“用心与盲目正相反”符合语境，故选 A。 Before eating，you should assess whether you are hungry or not.Ask yourself honestly: Am I truly physically hungry or do I just want to use food as a way to escape the unwanted feelings hidden in the depth of my heart? If it is so，what are they? Boredom，depression，stress or fear? ________________ ___________________________________________________________ F. Always remember 设空处前提到了人们可能会因为无聊、沮丧、压力以及恐惧等消极情绪进食，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文。故F 选项“永远记住，仅仅靠吃东西是无法处理那些消极情绪的”符合语境，故选F。 those negative emotions will never get handled by simply eating food. You should eat only when you are hungry. During the eating process，you should eat slowly without distractions of any kind. Don't watch TV or be glued to your cellphone screens. ___________ ___________________________________________________Chew and enjoy each and every bite and fully appreciate this moment. D．Instead， 上文中的“Don't watch TV or be glued to your cellphone screens.”提到不要在吃东西的时候看电视或盯着手机屏幕，设空处应承接上文并说明正确做法。D选项“相反，你应该把所有的注意力都集中在你面前的食物上”符合语境，故选D。 you should direct all your attention to the food in front of you. It is also very important that you should never lose track of your feelings: Feel the decrease in hunger and increase in fullness of your stomach.About halfway through the meal，you need to check yourself and ask the questions: Am I satisfied? Do I need to keep eating? Stop when you are satisfied and no longer hungry. ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________ Start practising mindful eating now and you will benefit a lot from it! G．This conscious check and honest self-inquiry have proved 上文中的“check yourself and ask the questions...”列出了一系列应自我反思的问题，G选项“这种有意识的检查和诚实的自我询问已经被证明对预防暴饮暴食有效”承接上文，说明自我检查与反思的作用，故选G。 to be effective in preventing overeating. 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$