UNIT 12 Section Ⅴ Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（北师大版2019）

课时测评17　Section Ⅴ　Lesson 3 (时间：45分钟　满分：92.5分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共6分) 1．He is consciously trying to overcome(克服) his weakness. 2．Matter plays a central role in cosmology(宇宙学). 3．The wedding was a very grand (隆重的) occasion. 4．The number of tourists to the resort declined(减少) by 10% last year. 5．She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus (奖金). 6．The stone rolled down the mountain by gravity. 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共9分) 1．I would stay at home rather than go shopping with you. 2．I want advice that’s realistic rather than theoretical (theory). 3．The scientist has made great achievements so we all look up to him. 4．In spite of the fog，the crew can distinguish the coastline fairly well. 5．She overcame (overcome) injury to win the Olympic gold medal last year. 6．In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to visit(visit) Oxford. 7．We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice. 8．Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower dating back to as early as 800 years ago. 9．Regardless of the risk of getting infected，Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job. As a result，he deserves our respect. 维度三　完成句子(每小题4分，共20分) 1．这个旨在帮助无家可归者的项目成立了。(动词-ed形式短语作后置定语) The program，intended to help the homeless，was set up. 2．随着高考的临近，我们正忙着为它做充分的准备。(as引导时间状语从句) As the College Entrance Examination approaches，we are busy making full preparations for it. 3．为了赢得比赛，所有运动员一直在刻苦训练。(动词不定式作目的状语) To win the game，all the players keep training hard. 4．除了学业学习之外，我总是挤出时间做我感兴趣的事情。(what引导名词性从句) Apart from my academic studies，I always manage to find time for what I’m interested in. 5．这是我们目前所能采取的唯一措施。(that引导定语从句) That’s the only step that we can take at the moment. 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Stephen Hawking was born in 1942．He studied at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge，1．but at the age of 21，he 2．was diagnosed (diagnose) with a serious disease. However，he finished his education and got a job at the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and continued his work in 3．theoretical (theory) physics and cosmology. While his reputation for his work spread，his physical ability got 4．worse (bad). In 1985，after 5．an operation，he started to use a piece of speech-generating equipment 6．to help (help) him talk. However，Hawking never ceased his studies and he continued to develop his theories on the universe. Hawking believed that he was not an 7．unlucky (lucky) person. From his diagnosis at 21 he regarded everything since then 8．as a bonus. He was proud of his family and his work，and he appreciated the help that many people had given him. On 14 March，2018，one of the world’s most influential 9．scientists (scientist)，Stephen Hawking，died at his home in England，10．aged (age) 76. [素能提升练] Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Tomatoes are common in daily life. Cat hie Martin，British scientist，has been working on developing purple tomatoes for years. Though the color is unusual，now this special kind of tomatoes has very high levels of antioxidants(AOS，抗氧化剂). AOS are found naturally in plants like blueberries and red cabbage. Scientists believe AOS may help prevent heart disease and help fight against diseases like diabetes(糖尿病). But tomatoes naturally only have a small amount of AOS in them. Martin wanted to see if she could create tomatoes with lots of AOS by changing the DNA of a tomato plant. A plant developed from specially created DNA is known as a GMO(转基因生物). Martin added two genes(基因) from a plant called snapdragon. Soon her plants were producing small purple tomatoes with lots of AOS. Even better，the tomatoes remained fresh almost twice as long as normal tomatoes. Martin and other scientists further tested the tomatoes on mice that were likely to get cancer. The mice that were fed the purple tomatoes lived about 30% longer than those fed normal tomatoes. Though that’s good news，experiments on mice don’t always predict what effects on humans will be the same. We need to see more experiments about it. GMOs were first allowed in America in the late 1990s. But GMO products weren’t popular with customers. Many people were scared by the idea that the foods weren’t natural or safe. There’re still questions about the effects of GMO crops on the environment. However，scientists deny these claims. Even so，many people have concerns about them. Because of these concerns，most GMO products created over the last 20 years have focused on helping farmers rather than attracting customers. Anyway，on September 7，2022，the US approved the purple tomatoes，which is the first time it has approved a GMO plant designed to target human health. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的紫色番茄在美国获得批准种植和销售。科学家通过改变某种番茄的DNA增加了它们的抗氧化剂，使这种番茄可以保存更久，并有助于人们的健康。 1．Why did Martin experiment on purple tomatoes? A．Tomatoes are available easily. B．Tomatoes have a special color. C．Tomatoes don’t have enough AOS. D．Tomatoes can stop some diseases. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But tomatoes naturally only have a small amount of AOS in them. Martin wanted to see if she could create tomatoes with lots of AOS by changing the DNA of a tomato plant. ”可知，番茄本身只有少量的抗氧化剂。马丁想通过改变番茄植株的DNA来培育出含有大量抗氧化剂的西红柿。故选C。 2．What’s the author’s attitude to the test on the mice? A．Favorable. B．Unclear. C．Unsupportive. D．Doubtful. 答案：D 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段中的“Though that’s good news，experiments on mice don’t always predict what effects on humans will be the same. We need to see more experiments about it. ”可知，作者对此实验目前心存怀疑。故选D。 3．What does the underlined word “so” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The environment affects GMO foods. B．The customers do not like GMO foods. C．GMO products are used to help farmers. D．Scientists think GMO products are safe. 答案：D 解析：代词指代题。第四段提到“But GMO products weren’t popular with customers. Many people were scared by the idea that the foods weren’t natural or safe. There’re still questions about the effects of GMO crops on the environment. However，scientists deny these claims. ”再结合该词后面的“many people have concerns about them”可知，这里指的是：即使科学家认为转基因食物是安全的，但是很多人对此仍然很担心。故选D。 4．What’s the suitable title for the text? A．Different DNA Can Benefit Plant Growth B．Scientists Are Changing DNA of Tomatoes C．Tomatoes with Changed DNA Are Approved D．Human Health Depends on Changed DNA 答案：C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种新的紫色番茄在美国获得批准种植和销售。科学家通过改变某种番茄的DNA增加了它们的抗氧化剂，使这种番茄可以保存更久，并有助于人们的健康，C项“转基因西红柿被批准上市”最适合作文章标题。故选C。 B (2024· 河北唐山阶段练习) When you go running in the woods in your running tights, elastane (氨纶) is the reason why they fit you so comfortably. Elastane is an elastic material that allows the fabric to stretch and adapt to your body. But when elastane fibres are mixed with cotton, wool, nylon or other fibres, as is the case in many clothes today, the clothes become almost impossible to recycle. It is extremely difficult to separate out the different fibres, and therefore the materials in the clothes cannot be recycled. But this may change, says Assistant Professor Steffan Kvist Kristensen from the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center at Aarhus University. Together with a number of colleagues, he is behind a new technology that can separate out fibres in mixed fabrics. “We’ve developed a method to remove elastane completely from nylon. We’re not quite there yet with cotton, because some of the cotton fibres are broken down in the process. But we believe that, with some minor adjustments, we can solve this problem，” he says. It is not easy to separate elastane and other fibres once they have been woven(编织) together. Clothes are made by winding the main fibres, such as nylon or cotton, around the elastane fibres, which consist of long chains of molecules (分子). The fibres only break apart if we break the long chains of molecules, explains Steffan Kvist Kristensen. By heating the clothes to 225 degrees Celsius and adding a specific alcohol, the researchers have found a method to break down the bonds in elastane chain. When this happens, the chains fall apart and the materials separate. “The whole process takes place in what is in effect a large pressure cooker that we feed the clothes into. We then add a little alcohol and a potassium hydroxide(氢氧化钾) base and heat it up. Then we let it cook for just over four hours, and when we open the lid again, the different fibres will have been separated. ” says Steffan Kvist Kristensen. So far, Steffan Kvist Kristensen and his colleagues have only experimented with two nylon stockings at a time. The technology is therefore not yet ready for application at industrial scale. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员开发了新技术，可以从混合织物中分离出纤维，让这些材料能够再次回收利用。 5．What can we learn about elastane from the passage? A．It is an eco-friendly material. B．It is a kind of stretchable fabric. C．It makes the clothes far from recycling. D．It is made up of short chains of molecules. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“But when elastane fibres are mixed with cotton, wool, nylon or other fibres, as is the case in many clothes today, the clothes become almost impossible to recycle. ”可知，氨纶使得衣服难以回收。故选C。 6．Why is a pressure cooker used in the experiment according to the text? A．To separate more fibres. B．To reduce the heating time. C．To increase the temperature to 225 ℃. D．To ensure the safety of the experiment. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第六段“Then we let it cook for just over four hours, and when we open the lid again, the different fibres will have been separated”可推知，在实验中使用压力锅是为了减少加热时间。故选B。 7．What can be inferred about this new technology? A．It can separate all sorts of fibres. B．It needs plenty of energy to work. C．There is a long way before it is widely used. D．There is no possibility to separate elastane from cotton. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“So far, Steffan Kvist Kristensen and his colleagues have only experimented with two nylon stockings at a time. The technology is therefore not yet ready for application at industrial scale. ”可推知，新技术距离广泛应用还有很长的路要走。故选C。 8．What is Steffan Kvist Kristensen’s attitude to this new technology? A．Satisfied. B．Confident. C．Critical. D．Unclear. 答案：B 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段“‘We’ve developed a method to remove elastane completely from nylon. We’re not quite there yet with cotton, because some of the cotton fibres are broken down in the process. But we believe that, with some minor adjustments, we can solve this problem，’ he says. ”可推知，Steffan Kvist Kristensen对这项新技术充满信心。故选B。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·江西南昌阶段练习) A Pen That Draws in Any Color The Scribble is a magical pen that can scan colors and instantly reproduce the colors. Hold the Scribble’s scanner up to any color, and within a second that color is stored in its memory. __1__ Who can use the Scribble? Children will love the Scribble because it can create different colors, replacing even their biggest box of crayons (蜡笔). Besides, anyone working with color in their professional lives, such as artists, will be able to scan and reproduce colors instantly. __2__ Green! One of the most important characteristics of the Scribble is that, since it can reproduce any color, it replaces marking pens, greatly reducing the huge amount of plastic waste. What’s inside the Scribble? There will be two different versions of the Scribble, the Scribble K and the Scribble S．The K will be able to reproduce exact colors on paper. It includes a color sensor and a rechargeable battery. __3__ The S looks exactly the same as the K, but it is intended for use on screen. How did we create the Scribble? We’ve been in the design process for two years and the Scribble has gone through various design changes to get it to where we are now. Because of its small size we have created some ideas never seen before in the color reproduction industry. __4__ __5__ Without your likes, the Scribble couldn’t make it so far. Please make sure to bookmark our website and check back often to see the progress as well as the updated times for production and delivery of your Scribble. A．What’s the Scribble’s best color? B．What do we need the Scribble for? C．It’s the best birthday gift you may choose for your kids. D．Be grateful for your concern about the Scribble. E．There is 1 GB of internal memory that will store over 100，000 colors. F．We created the Scribble for YOU and want you to be a part of the process. G．Once stored, that color can be used to draw on paper or on a digital screen. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款可以画出任何颜色的笔——Scribble。 1．答案：G 解析：根据上文“The Scribble is a magical pen that can scan colors and instantly reproduce the colors. Hold the Scribble’s scanner up to any color, and within a second that color is stored in its memory. ”可知，上文介绍了Scribble这种笔具有扫描颜色并复制颜色的功能，并说Scribble的扫描器能在一秒钟内将颜色存储在内存中，空处应承接上文，讲述存储之后的情况，G项“一旦储存起来，这种颜色就可以用来在纸上或数字屏幕上画画。”符合语境。故选G。 2．答案：A 解析：根据下文“Green! One of the most important characteristics of the Scribble is that, since it can reproduce any color, it replaces marking pens, greatly reducing the huge amount of plastic waste. ”可知，本段主要讲述了使用Scribble有助于环保，本段首句“Green！”是对空处问题的回答，green既有“环保”的意思，也有“绿色”的意思，这里一语双关，由此可知，A项“Scribble最好的颜色是什么？”符合语境。故选A。 3．答案：E 解析：根据上文“It includes a color sensor and a rechargeable battery. ”可知，前文讲述了Scribble K的内部构成，所以空处应承接上文，补充说明，E项“有1 GB的内部内存，可存储超过100 000种颜色。”符合语境。故选E。 4．答案：F 解析：根据该段标题“How did we create the Scribble？”可知，本段介绍的是Scribble的创造过程。根据上文“Because of its small size we have created some ideas never seen before in the color reproduction industry. ”可知，此处指在色彩复制行业创造了前所未有的想法，空处应承接上文，讲述其他有关the Scribble的创造，F项“我们为你创造了Scribble，并希望你成为该过程的一部分。”符合语境。故选F。 5．答案：D 解析：根据下文“Without your likes, the Scribble couldn’t make it so far. ”可知，下文对使用者的点赞表示感激，由此可知，空处应对关注Scribble的人表示感谢，D项“感谢你对Scribble的关注。”符合语境。故选D。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·福建莆田三模) Chinese scientists have started a scientific expedition to the Mount Qomolangma. 1．______ total of 170 scientists have begun to do research on water, ecology and human activity, aiming 2．______ (reveal) the mechanism of environmental change and optimize the ecological security barrier system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 3．______ (label) as the roof of the world and water tower of Asia, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an essential ecological security barrier in China. It is also a natural laboratory for 4．______ (conduct) research on the evolution of Earth and life, and the relationship between man and Earth. 5．______ an important part of the research, the ongoing expedition is 6．______ (particular) important to the study of the impact of climatic and environmental changes in the Mount Qomolangma region on other parts of the world. The expedition focuses on major scientific 7．______ (issue), such as how the extreme high-altitude environment of the Mount Qomolangma changes under the influence of global warming, according to Yao Tandong, 8．______ is the team leader. “The expedition has realized the 9．______ (transform) from ’I want to conquer you’ to ’I want to understand you’， achieved the application of new technologies and resulted in important international influence，” he said. So far, many scientific achievements 10．______ (make). 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学家已开始对珠穆朗玛峰进行多方位科学考察，旨在揭示青藏高原环境变化的机制，优化生态安全屏障系统。 1．答案：A 解析：考查冠词。固定短语a total of 意为“总共”，句首单词首字母大写。故填A。 2．答案：to reveal 解析：考查非谓语动词。固定短语aim to do sth 意为“旨在做某事”，reveal用动词不定式形式。故填to reveal。 3．答案：Labeled/Labelled 解析：考查非谓语动词。label和逻辑主语the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau之间是被动关系，应用动词-ed形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Labeled/Labelled。 4．答案：conducting 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处作介词for的宾语，应用动词-ing形式。故填conducting。 5．答案：As 解析：考查介词。根据句意可知此处表示“作为”，后跟名词短语，所以用介词as，句首单词首字母大写。故填As。 6．答案：particularly 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词作状语，修饰形容词important。故填particularly。 7．答案：issues 解析：考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语，所以用名词形式，issue为可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词复数形式。故填issues。 8．答案：who 解析：考查定语从句。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yao Tandong，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。 9．答案：transformation 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语，用名词形式，transformation为不可数名词。故填transformation。 10．答案：have been made 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语So far可知，用现在完成时，主语many scientific achievements和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为复数，所以助动词用have。故填have been made。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$