UNIT 12 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（北师大版2019）

课时测评14　Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 (时间：45分钟　满分：84分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共10分) 1．If you look at the paper under a microscope (显微镜)you will see the fibers. 2．He’s a biologist (生物学家)who did not work on the project but knows about such devices. 3．Students must perceive(注意到)for themselves the relationship between success and effort. 4．To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched(发起) compulsory volunteer programs. 5．They travel at speeds up to 17，500 mph, fast enough for a relatively small piece of orbital debris to damage a satellite(卫星) or a spacecraft. 6．China has launched three astronauts into orbit(轨道) to begin occupation of the country’s new space station. 7．The finding(研究的结果) suggests important differences in how native and non-native plants respond to climate change. 8．Asking for help is about tapping valuable resources to get the best outcome(结果) the most quickly with the fewest resources expended. 9．They hoped with their joint efforts they could create a more friendly and harmonious neighbourhood. 10．Each year, more than two million people visit the memorial in memory of those victims and pray for world peace. 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共7分) 1．We need to be more scientific (science)about this problem. 2．If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to turn to me for help. 3．Services could be operated more efficiently(efficient) and economically. 4．Subsequently(subsequent), new guidelines were issued to all employees. 5．Einstein’s theory of relativity(relative) won him universal esteem. 6．Every bank pays close attention to the speed and accuracy(accurate) of its staff. 7．Some participants were required to spend the money on themselves, while others were required to give to make a donation(donate) to charity. 维度三　完成句子/同义句转换(每小题4分，共12分) 1．它涵盖了从学习日常汉语到中国传统文化的各种活动。(range from… to… ) It covers a variety of activities，which range from learning daily Chinese to traditional Chinese culture. 2．如果没有你的帮助，我就不会赢得英语演讲比赛。(含蓄虚拟条件句) Without your help，I would not have won the English Speech Contest. 3．I hope I never live to see the day when computers finally replace teachers. →I hope I never live to see the day on which computers finally replace teachers. (“介词＋which”引导定语从句) 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century，you would have a real problem on your hands. It is possible 1．to single (single) out a few pioneers of the 20th century. One of the 20th century’s premier scientists 2．was (be) Albert Einstein. In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man was rocking 3．his(he) one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. “E＝mc2” was born. Alexander Fleming saw a blue mould in the dish around 4．which the bacteria had been destroyed. This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin. During the Second World War，the US Navy was looking for ways of 5．improving (improve) the accuracy of their missiles. The navy turned to Eckert，an 6．engineer(engine)，and Mauchly，a physicist，to deal with the problem and produce 7．a machine which was the world’s first computer to do the job. In 1990，Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web，which enabled 8．computers(computer) all over the world to communicate with each other. Nowadays，life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable. 9．Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers，the world as we know it today would have been a 10．completely (complete) different place. [素能提升练] Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A Museum VR Creates New Ways for Visitors to Explore The National Museum of Natural History，Paris Since 2018，visitors to the National Museum of Natural History have been able to enjoy a fascinating VR experience. De Realite Virtuelle was the first permanent museum room in the country dedicated to VR technology. Once they enter the room，guests enjoy a specially designed programme：Journey into the Heart of Evolution. Here they will discover the links between species and can zoom in on different creatures to learn more. The Renwick Gallery，Washington，DC Using a free app，visitors to this museum can use their own device to view the whole views of the gallery，alongside video interviews with the curator (馆长) and some of the artists. Thanks to VR technology，the works by nine leading artists are available to experience in a new way even though the physical exhibition at the museum has ended. Peterson Automotive Museum，Los Angeles Peterson Automotive Museum worked with Microsoft HoloLens to create a new VR exhibition. Visitors were able to interact with a classic American sports car，the Ford GT40．The HoloLens allows visitors to see the car up close. Visitors were further drawn into the experience by the addition of surround sound. While learning about the history of the cars，they could also hear the roar of the engines. The Victoria and Albert Museum，London Fans of the Lewis Carroll classic will be able to “travel down the rabbit hole” into a virtual space. People can join a “trip” into Wonderland without having to leave the sofa. The opening of the Alice exhibition has been postponed until March. But the museum said an at-home，virtual reality event，ahead of the opening，will transport “visitors into the world of Wonderland”． 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个使用VR技术的博物馆。 1．For visitors who are interested in biology，which museum can they choose? A．The Renwick Gallery. B．The National Museum of Natural History. C．Peterson Automotive Museum. D．The Victoria and Albert Museum. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Once they enter the room，guests enjoy a specially designed programme：Journey into the Heart of Evolution. Here they will discover the links between species and can zoom in on different creatures to learn more. ”可知，在The National Museum of Natural History可以了解物种之间的关系，由此可知，喜欢生物的游客可以前往这个博物馆。故选B项。 2．What can we know from the passage? A．Visitors to the Renwick Gallery can have face-to-face interviews with the artists. B．Fans of the Lewis Carroll classic can travel down the rabbit hole into a real space. C．Both the Renwick Gallery and Peterson Automotive Museum are in America. D．Peterson Automotive Museum enables visitors to drive the car for themselves. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据The Renwick Gallery，Washington，DC和Peterson Automotive Museum，Los Angeles可知，这两个博物馆分别在华盛顿特区和洛杉矶，二者都在美国。故选C项。 3．Where is this text most probably taken from? A．A lecture. B．A news report. C．A film review. D．A science magazine. 答案：D 解析：文章出处题。根据文章大标题Museum VR Creates New Ways for Visitors to Explore可知，本文介绍的是新科技VR的运用，这跟科学相关，因此本文可能出自一本科学杂志。故选D项。 B (2024·浙江阶段练习) New York University (NYU) surgeons have performed the world’s first transplant of an entire human eye, an extraordinary addition to a face transplant, although it’s far too soon to know if the man will ever see through his new left eye. An accident had destroyed most of Aaron James’ face and one eye. His right eye still works. But the surgeons hoped replacing the missing one would produce better cosmetic (整容的) results for his new face. The NYU team is doing just that. James is recovering well from the dual (双重的) transplant last May and the donated eye looks remarkably healthy. Today, transplants of the cornea (眼角膜) are common to treat certain types of vision loss. But transplanting the whole eye—the eyeball, its blood supply, and the critical optic nerve (视神经) that must connect it to the brain—is considered a moonshot in the search to cure blindness. Whatever will happen next, James’ surgery offers scientists a window into how the human eye tries to heal. “We’re not claiming that we are going to restore sight，” said Dr. Eduardo Rodriguez, who led the transplant. “But there’s no doubt that we are one step closer. ” Some specialists had feared the eye would quickly become dry and wrinkled. However, when Rodriguez opened James’ left eyelid, the donated eye was fat and full of liquid. Doctors see good blood flow and no sign of rejection. Now researchers have begun analyzing scans of James’ brain that detected some puzzling signals from that all-important but injured optic nerve. Dr. Jeffrey Goldberg, who has long studied how to make eye transplants a reality, called the surgery exciting. “It’s an amazing confirmation of animal experiments that have kept transplanted eyes alive，” he said. “The difficulty now is how to regrow the optic nerve, although animal studies are making progress. ” He praised the NYU team’s “boldness” in even aiming for optic nerve repair and hopes the transplant will promote more research. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纽约大学的医生完成世界首例眼部移植手术的科学案例。 4．What can be learnt from the first two paragraphs? A．James is fully content with the surgery result. B．The surgery to replace James’ missing eye is underway. C．James can see through his transplanted eye pretty soon. D．The surgeons have transplanted the face and an eye to James. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New York University(NYU)surgeons have performed the world’s first transplant of an entire human eye, an extraordinary addition to a face transplant, although it’s far too soon to know if the man will ever see through his new left eye. ”及第二段“An accident had destroyed most of Aaron James’ face and one eye. His right eye still works. But the surgeons hoped replacing the missing one would produce better cosmetic(整容的)results for his new face. The NYU team is doing just that. James is recovering well from the dual(双重的)transplant last May and the donated eye looks remarkably healthy. ”可推知，James的眼睛和脸部受伤，外科医生已经为他移植了脸部和眼睛。故选D。 5．What does the underlined word “moonshot” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A task impossible to complete. B．A fantasy existing in the virtual world. C．A project extremely tough to accomplish. D．A mission probable to be complete without effort. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Today, transplants of the cornea(眼角膜)are common to treat certain types of vision loss. But transplanting the whole eye—the eyeball, its blood supply, and the critical optic nerve(视神经)that must connect it to the brain”及后文“in the search to cure blindness”可知，虽然眼角膜移植术是成熟的，但是移植一整只眼睛及附属神经和血流供应等还是比较难以完成的，But引出转折，由此可知，画线词moonshot可能意为“一项极其难以完成的工程”。故选C。 6．What challenge are the researchers facing now? A．How to obtain better cosmetic results. B．How to make further progress in animal studies. C．How to stop the transplanted eye from being infected. D．How to grow the optic nerve of the transplanted eye again. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“’The difficulty now is how to regrow the optic nerve, although animal studies are making progress. ’He praised the NYU team’s ’boldness’ in even aiming for optic nerve repair and hopes the transplant will promote more research. ”可知，研究者进行眼球移植现在面对的挑战是移植眼的视神经如何再长出来。故选D。 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．James Received Transplanted Eye Perfectly B．NYU Doctors Performed World’s First Eye Transplant C．Various Methods to Treat Different Types of Vision Loss D．Advances Made in Eye Transplant and Optic Nerve Repair 答案：B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段“New York University(NYU)surgeons have performed the world’s first transplant of an entire human eye, an extraordinary addition to a face transplant, although it’s far too soon to know if the man will ever see through his new left eye. ”可知，本文介绍了纽约大学的医生完成世界首例眼部移植手术的事迹，由此可知，B选项“纽约大学医生完成世界首例眼部移植手术”最适合作文章标题。故选B。 Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·湖南岳阳开学考试) People are always living with technology nowadays. Here comes a smart home, which is controlled by the touch of a button. __1__ This acts like a remote control to activate household systems and monitor inside temperatures. If done successfully, a smart home system will be integrated so seamlessly that a household will appear to run itself. Home automation is designed to introduce efficiency to a home. __2__ An efficient smart home uses sensors to prevent over watering of outdoor gardens and control room temperatures, all of which can reduce expenses. In addition to cost savings, home automation often provides a sense of security to homeowners. Families with children or elderly adults in the home may be reassured by some safeguards in smart home security, like fire alarms that alert the appropriate agencies in the event of a problem. Lighting activation runs on timers, which can be a life saver if an oven is left on when someone leaves the home. __3__ Home automation is not just for safety, however. __4__ With a centralized control unit, a person does not have to leave the couch to turn down the blinds or even order groceries, which can be automated. __5__ Such a home becomes dependent on technology for routine tasks. If something goes wrong with the central automation unit, it is not just one appliance at risk as malfunctions can disrupt systems that are vital to running a home. As a result, for all people, a home can become a place of technical faults that repeatedly require repair. A．A smart home doesn’t apply to all family members. B．It achieves this by saving homeowners time and money. C．There are some drawbacks with an automated home system. D．It can also provide convenience for people living in the home. E．Home automation depends on furniture and home temperatures. F．Through home automation, an entire house can be connected via a smart controller. G．Besides protecting people, it also offers security for expensive items inside a residence. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了智能家居的工作方式以及好处。 1．答案：F 解析：根据上文“People are always living with technology nowadays. Here comes a smart home, which is controlled by the touch of a button. ”以及下文“This acts like a remote control to activate household systems and monitor inside temperatures. If done successfully, a smart home system will be integrated so seamlessly that a household will appear to run itself. ”可知，下文提到了一个智能家居系统将被无缝集成，由此可知，此处是在说明家庭自动化将房子连接起来的方式。故F选项“通过家庭自动化，整个房子可以通过智能控制器连接起来。”符合语境，故选F。 2．答案：B 解析：根据上文“Home automation is designed to introduce efficiency to a home. ”以及下文“An efficient smart home uses sensors to prevent over watering of outdoor gardens and control room temperatures, all of which can reduce expenses. In addition to cost savings, home automation often provides a sense of security to homeowners. ”可知，下文提到了节省成本，由此可知，此处引出下文，说明家庭自动化可以省钱，故B选项“它通过节省房主的时间和金钱来实现这一点。”符合语境，故选B。 3．答案：G 解析：根据上文“Families with children or elderly adults in the home may be reassured by some safeguards in smart home security, like fire alarms that alert the appropriate agencies in the event of a problem. Lighting activation runs on timers, which can be a life saver if an oven is left on when someone leaves the home. ”可知，本段的主旨是家庭自动化可以保护人们的安全，空处承接上文，说明家庭自动化也可以保护其他方面。故G选项“除了保护人们，它还为住宅内的贵重物品提供安全保护。”符合语境，故选G。 4．答案：D 解析：根据上文“Home automation is not just for safety, however. ”以及下文“With a centralized control unit, a person does not have to leave the couch to turn down the blinds or even order groceries, which can be automated. ”可知，空处承接上文，继续说明家庭自动化的其他好处，并结合下文的例子可知，家庭自动化为人们提供了方便。故D选项“它也可以为生活在家里的人提供方便。”符合语境，故选D。 5．答案：C 解析：根据下文“Such a home becomes dependent on technology for routine tasks. If something goes wrong with the central automation unit, it is not just one appliance at risk as malfunctions can disrupt systems that are vital to running a home. As a result, for all people, a home can become a place of technical faults that repeatedly require repair. ”可知，本段提到智能家居可能存在故障，让家成为一个不断出现技术故障、需要修理的地方，即智能家居存在缺点。故C选项“自动化家庭系统有一些缺点。”符合语境，故选C。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·河北邯郸高二上期末) Nemo’s Garden is the world’s first underwater farm. Now，tomatoes，strawberries and some other plants are growing inside its round pods (舱) under the sea，just off the coast of Noli，Italy. Ocean Reef Group 1．________(start) the underwater garden project in 2012，2．________(find) new ways to farm that could help the planet in the future. The group’s six plastic pods 3．________(fill) with air，but their bottoms are open to the sea. Through evaporation (蒸发)，fresh water collects on the insides of the pods，and then goes back down to help plants in the pods grow. Because the pods aren’t very deep under water，the plants still get enough 4．________(nature) light from the sun. There is also little need 5．________ pesticides as insects can’t get into the pods to harm the plants. However，6．________(train) divers are needed to swim down and take care of the plants. Ocean Reef Group’s Luca Gamberini told 7．________ magazine that the plants taste different too. “They taste even 8．________(strong)，” he said. For now，Nemo’s Garden is 9．________(most) used as a laboratory 10．________ tries different ways to grow different kinds of plants under the sea. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一个水下农场尼莫花园，并介绍了其工作原理以及发展前景。 1．答案：started 解析：考查动词的时态。空处为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 2012”可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填started。 2．答案：to find 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，表目的，用动词不定式形式，故填to find。 3．答案：are filled 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为本句谓语动词，根据下文“but their bottoms are open to the sea”可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为复数，和动词fill之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are filled。 4．答案：natural 解析：考查词性转换。根据空后的light可知，空处应用形容词，修饰其后名词。故填natural。 5．答案：for 解析：考查介词。固定搭配need for，意为“对……的需求”。故填for。 6．答案：trained 解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词divers，用形容词trained，意为“训练有素的”。故填trained。 7．答案：a 解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一家杂志”，用不定冠词，magazine的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 8．答案：stronger 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据上文内容可知，这些植物的味道也不一样，再根据空前的even可知，空处用形容词的比较级。故填stronger。 9．答案：mostly 解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰动词used，作状语，用副词形式。故填mostly。 10．答案：which/that 解析：考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a laboratory，指物，空处在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$