UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 单元综合提升-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（北师大版2019）

单元综合提升 ◎ 1．compromise n. 　　 折中，妥协 2．monitor vt. 监督；监视；监测，检测 n． 显示器，监视器 3．pack vi. &vt. 打包 n． 包，包裹 4．vote n． 投票(指行为)；票数 5．arrest vt. 逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止 6．keen adj. 着迷的，有强烈兴趣的 7．recall vi. &vt. 回想，回忆起 8．weep vi. &vt. 哭泣，流(泪) 9．panic n． 惊恐，惶恐，惊慌 学生用书第79页 10．pray vi. &vt. 祈求；祈祷 11．display vt. 展示，陈列 12．ban vt. 禁止，取缔 n． 禁令，禁止 13．false adj. 不正确的，错的；假的，不真实的 14．loose adj. 松的；宽大的 15．request n．& vt. 请求，要求 ◎ 1．As I washed the comb，I couldn’t help recalling those happy days that I spent with my father. 2．Involved in the bank robbery，Tom got arrested by the local police early in the morning. 3．She couldn’t help weeping sorrowfully when she thought of the scolding from her mother. 4．She got into a panic when she couldn’t find the tickets. 5．The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their work. 6．The boss requested that all applications should be submitted by Monday. 7．Predictions of an early improvement in the housing market proved false. 8．Cigarette advertising should be banned because smoking is bad for our health. ◎ 1．negotiate vi. &vt. 谈判，协商→negotiation n．谈判，协商 2．annoying adj. 讨厌的，令人气恼的→annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的，生气的，烦恼的→annoyance n．烦恼；使人烦恼的事 3．inconvenience n．不便，麻烦→inconvenient adj. 不便的；打扰的→convenient adj. 方便的；便利的→convenience n．方便；便利 4．ashamed adj. 内疚的，惭愧的→shame n．羞耻；让人遗憾的事→shameful adj. 可耻的；丢脸的 5．assign vt. 分配，分派，指派(任务)→assignment n．分派；任务，工作 6．complaint n．抱怨→complain vi. 抱怨；发牢骚；诉说 7．warning n．警告，警示；告诫→warn vt. 警告，提醒；通知 8．pleasant adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的→please vt. 使喜欢；使高兴，使满意→pleased adj. 高兴的；满意的；乐意做某事→pleasure n．高兴，快乐，愉快 学生用书第80页 9．violence n．暴力行为，暴力→violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv. 激烈地；剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地 10．tolerate vt. 忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容→tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的；能耐……的→tolerance n．宽容，容忍；耐力 11．bother vi. &vt. (使) 担心，(使)生气，(使) 苦恼→bothered adj. 烦(恼)的；感到讨厌的 12．withdraw vi. & vt. (使)退出(活动、组织等)→withdrawal n．撤退，取消 13．greet vt. 问候，迎接，招呼→greeting n．问候，招呼 14．distribute vt. 分发，分配，分送→distribution n．分发；分配；分布→distributor n．经销商；批发商 15．appreciation n．感激→ appreciate vt. 感激；欣赏→appreciative adj. 欣赏的，赞赏的；感激的 16．harm vt. 伤害 n．损害，危害→ harmful adj. 有害的→harmless adj. 无害的，不会导致损伤的 17．invest vi. & vt. 投资→investment n．投资 18．conclude vt. 作出结论，推断出→conclusion n．结论 19．beneficial adj. 有利的，有帮助的，有用的→benefit n．好处，利益 vt. 对(某人)有用；使受益 20．recovery n．康复，痊愈→recover vt. 恢复；康复；重新获得 ◎ 1．We are often ashamed(shame) of our shortcomings，our mistakes and our failures. 2．Can you tell us about the most difficult assignment (assign) that you’ve had to do? 3．The police have received the complaint(complain)，and now they are looking into it. 4．A contract is prepared in negotiation (negotiate) with our clients. 5．Judging from the above story，we can draw the conclusion(conclude) that we don’t judge a man by his looks. 6．If your friend does something wrong，you should always address a warning(warn) to him. 7．The commander ordered an immediate withdrawal (withdraw) of the troops from this area. 8．On her day of discharge，we shared in her delight at her recovery (recover). 9．①Complaining of the man’s impoliteness，Mary collapsed on the sofa where she put him up the night before，getting a little bit annoyed(annoy). ②It is annoying(annoy) that the advertisements pop up now and then when we use the Internet. 10．①I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into consideration at your early convenience(convenient). ②I am writing to apologize to you for my not making adjustments to the relevant information in time，which caused great inconvenience(inconvenient) to you. 11．If you can give me some advice，I will be very appreciative (appreciate). 12．The Red Cross is distributing food and clothing to the refugees. The distribution of food and clothing makes them moved to tears. (distribute) 13．Eating too much every day is harmful to our health，that is to say，eating too much every day does harm to our health. (harm) 14．It is of great benefit to share your feelings with someone you trust，which is also beneficial to your mental health. (benefit) 15．I admire you for your tolerance，because you can tolerate things which can’t be tolerant. (tolerate) 学生用书第81页 ◎ 1．take action 采取行动 2．in trouble 处于不幸中；处于困难中 3．get rid of 摆脱；去掉 4．end up 最终成为；最后处于 5．in a flash 瞬间，立刻 6．in the end 终于，最后 7．deal with 处理；涉及 8．come about 发生 9．without doubt 无疑地；确实地 10．come across 偶遇；偶然发现 11．put forward 提出；将……提前 12．be fed up with 对……感到厌烦 13．in surprise 吃惊地，惊奇地 14．clean up 清理 15．wake up 醒来；唤醒；活跃起来 ◎ 1．In a flash，I found myself floating in the sky，seemingly not moving，with a wonderful feeling. 2．When I’m in trouble，Mike is always willing to lend me a hand. 3．She came across him on her way to school. 4．He stared in surprise at the way the soldier captured the personality of his son in the painting. 5．He is fed up with doing the same thing day in，day out. 6．We had sought a solution to the problem before the manager put forward a better one. 7．If we don’t take action to protect the environment on which we are relying，we will have to face an increasingly awful situation. ◎ 1．if引导虚拟条件句 … if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him. 2．that引导同位语从句 He’s bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”． 3．as if引导方式状语从句 To negotiate，first，you should not act as if you’re 100% right and they are 100% wrong. 4．be doing sth when… 正在做……这时(突然)…… 学生用书第82页 He and his family were eating breakfast when the American soldiers entered the village and ordered all civilians out of their homes. 5．It is ＋动词-ed形式＋that… … it is generally agreed that a patient’s chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma. 6．whatever引导让步状语从句 Whatever you think，the compensation culture which has emerged in recent years is spreading，and it will affect all of us. ◎ 1．如果没有你的帮助，我就不会获奖。 If it had not been for your assistance，I wouldn’t have won the prize. 2．他们决定平等地对待这两个孩子。 They made a decision that they should treat the two children equally. 3．她说英语如此流利，好像她在美国待过很长时间似的。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed in America for a long time. 4．上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 Last Monday，I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. 5．建议书法作品写在宣纸上。 It is suggested that the calligraphy works should be written on Xuan paper. 6．这个组织为单身母亲提供帮助和支持，无论她们的情况如何。 This organization offers help and support to single mothers，whatever their circumstances are. 语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇) Mary，wife of Jon，requested that the government should issue a ban 1．on alcohol because alcohol had harmed not only Jon but also her. Jon was an alcoholic. The tough guy，who was once a brave soldier 2．fighting (fight)bravely to defend the country，could drink dozens of beers a day. Then he would behave as if he 3．were (be)firing a machine gun，after which he would pray and abuse violence. Mary once got a broken ankle because of this. He might drum on the balcony at midnight or destroy others’ properties，4．which caused a chorus of complaints. The neighbours couldn’t tolerate him any longer and gave him 5．a warning，hoping that he could cease doing so. Jon was 6．literally (literal)a pleasant person during his temporary sobriety(清醒)and he was ashamed of his 7．behaviour(behave). He negotiated with a few 8．representatives (representative)and reached a compromise. If he did such things again，he would move to a remote village. However，when he stopped drinking，he was bitter about everything he could recall about the war. He became annoyed easily and wept for no reason，considering himself a murderer who should 9．be arrested(arrest). He had never made a full recovery from the war. After knowing the reason，the community committee wanted 10．to resolve (resolve) Jon’s problem permanently. 学生用书第83页 LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions① with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate② to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries，by contrast③， eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially④ permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid ⑤making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite. (节选自新人教选择性必修第一册Unit 4) [词汇积累] ①interaction n. 相互影响；交流 ②appropriate adj. 恰当的；合适的 ③by contrast相比之下 ④socially adv. 在社交方面；善于交际地 ⑤avoid v．避免 [佳句赏析] 1．We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. 分析：本句为主从复合句。what引导宾语从句。 译文：我们可以通过观察他们的肢体语言来了解人们的很多想法。 2．The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. 分析：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a way。 译文：关键的是以一种适合你所处的文化的方式使用肢体语言。 [阅读回答] 阅读文本，回答以下问题 1．What could be inferred from Paragraph 1? A．Body language is as important as spoken language. B．Body language alone cannot express what we are thinking. C．Body language is not more important than spoken language. D．We can’t communicate with others without spoken language. 2．The most important thing about using body language is that________. A．you needn’t use it everywhere B．you ought to make eye contact C．you should respect the local culture D．it should be consistent with your own culture 答案：1．A　2．C 学生用书第84页 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·安徽六安期末) Finally, the bell rang. “Don’t forget to practice your class presentation at home！” Miss Bella cried as everyone started talking and packing their school bags. Jessy felt sick. She hated having to read aloud in class. She was sure everyone got really bored listening to her. Once, when Jessy was reading out her holiday diary, Lee was even looking at his watch, a silver and blue one which seemed just magical. Jessy watched Lee walk ahead of her as they left school. He seemed so clever, and he had a certain sort of shining confidence. He was just one of those people who were good at everything. Jessy sighed. As she turned the corner, she saw Lee’s watch lying right in the middle of the path. Jessy knew she should just pick it up and return it to him, but she didn’t want to run after him. Jessy bent down quickly, picked up the watch and ran home. On arriving home, Jessy put it on almost without thinking. She was surprised it fitted so well. She walked to the mirror and started practicing her speech. Words just flooded out of her. “I’m going to talk about swimming. I have been lucky. I’ve won lots of competitions. But when I’m in a race, I’m not really thinking about winning. I’m just loving the feeling of being in the water… ”Jessy laughed with excitement. She walked across the room. She suddenly seemed to have a certain sort of confidence. Turning back to the mirror, Jessy saw a flash of light from the watch in the glass. The flashes of silver seemed almost magical. So maybe Lee’s watch really did have something magic about it. The next day, as the lesson began, Miss Bella asked who was going to be brave and go first. Nobody moved. Jessy slowly raised her arm. Before Miss Bella could say anything, there was a shout from behind. “She’s stolen my watch！” Lee said angrily. “It went missing at school yesterday. ” 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Everybody was fixing their eyes on Jessy, waiting for an explanation. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Miss Bella smiled and asked the class to listen to Jessy’s speech first. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学生用书第85页 一审——审要素 背景Setting When&Where the next day，at school 角色Characters Who Miss Bella，Jessy，Lee 情节Plot What Miss Bella reminded students of practicing their class presentation at home. Lee was even looking at his watch. Jessy saw Lee’s watch lying right in the middle of the path. Jessy bent down quickly, picked up the watch and ran home. Jessy put on watch and started practicing her speech，very smoothly. Jessy slowly raised her arm，planning to speech. Lee said his watch was stolen by Jessy. Why Jessy hated having to read aloud in class. Jessy thought Lee’s watch magical. 情感Feeling How sick→sigh→surprised→excited 二定——定主题：正能量原则 原文 依据 Jessy slowly raised her arm. Before Miss Bella could say anything, there was a shout from behind. “She’s stolen my watch！” Lee said angrily. “It went missing at school yesterday. ” 主题 Confidence not only gives you strength, but it also faces everything that follows on. 三推测——两步段首句定发展：三衔接原则 (一)标出段首句的关键词 第一段：Everybody was fixing their eyes on Jessy, waiting for an explanation. 第二段：Miss Bella smiled and asked the class to listen to Jessy’s speech first. (二)基于三衔接原则：利用复现，代词指代及过渡衔接词三大方法做好衔接。 ①由第一段首句内容“每个人都盯着杰西，等着她解释。”可知，第一段可描写杰西在面对大家等着她解释时的思想和做法。 ②由第二段首句内容“贝拉老师微笑着让全班同学先听杰西的演讲。”可知，第二段可描写同学们认真听杰西演讲，杰西的演讲很成功，并且解释手表的事情。 ③由此可推测第一段的结局：杰西提出请求。第二段的结局：通过此次经历，杰西最终意识到了真正的信心来源。 四构思——每段三个微情节原则 第 一 段 情节 盯着杰西； 脸颊泛起尴尬的红晕； 贝拉老师询问杰西； 杰西犹豫； 杰西改变主意； 杰西提出请求。 动作链 盯→询问→改变→提出 心理描写 embarrassment n. 尴尬 hesitate v．犹豫；顾虑 第 二 段 情节 贝拉老师要求全班同学先听杰西的演讲； 杰西走向站台，开始演讲； 同学们窃窃私语，贝拉老师点头赞同； 班上爆发出热烈的掌声； 杰西告诉所有人真相； 杰西归还手表。 动作链 走→演讲→告诉→归还 心理描写 realize vt. 意识到 五成文——连句成篇 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Everybody was fixing their eyes on Jessy, waiting for an explanation. A flush of embarrassment came to her cheeks, making Jessy biting her lips. Dead silence suddenly fell. Then came Miss Bella’s voice, “Why is Lee’s watch on your wrist？” Jessy hesitated for a while and decided to tell the truth. However, on second thoughts of the well-prepared speech and the magic of the watch, she changed her mind. “Miss Bella, could I give the speech first and then explain？” She made a request in a tone of begging. Miss Bella smiled and asked the class to listen to Jessy’s speech first. Jessy put away her fright, took a deep breath, and made for the platform. Casting a glance at the sea of faces watching her, Jessy cleared her throat and began her speech. “I’m going to talk about swimming… ” Word began to flood out of her. “What a terrific speech. ” Whispers went around the classroom, and even Miss Bella nodded with approval. Immediately Jessy finished her speech, a storm of applause erupted from the class. Relieved, Jessy told everyone the truth, and especially the magic of the watch. She returned the watch to Lee as she eventually realized the real source of confidence. 学生用书第86页 Social Etiquette Social etiquette is the behavioral norms that people observe in their daily interactions. As one of the birthplaces of world civilization，China has its unique etiquette system. Here the manners of meeting and guests entertaining are introduced. 社交礼仪是人们在日常的交往活动中遵守的行为准则。作为世界文明的发源地之一，中国有自己特有的礼仪体系，在此主要介绍见面礼仪和待客礼仪。 The meeting etiquette mainly refers to a set of customs and rules involved in introduction and gestures. Chinese introduction etiquette is the same as that of most countries in the world. Chinese people pay great attention to the introduction order. It is common to first introduce the young to the elderly and man to woman to show respect for the latter. Handshake is also a universal rite but the “fist and palm salute” is unique for traditional Chinese culture，it is done by holding two hands together in front of the chest and more frequently used in mass greetings and festive celebrations nowadays. 见面礼仪主要是指一套涉及介绍礼和手势礼的习俗和规则。中国的介绍礼与世界大多数国家相同，非常注重介绍次序。通常是先把年轻人介绍给长辈，把男士介绍给女士，以示对后者的尊重。握手礼同样也是世界通用的见面礼节，但在中国传统文化中拱手礼是中国人独有的，行礼时，人们双手相互握合于胸前。如今，拱手礼更常用于佳节团拜、节日祝贺等场合。 China is different from the West in entertaining the guest. When a guest pays a visit，everyone in the family will come to meet the guest and make small talk. When the guest is seated，a cup of tea will be served by the host with two hands and it can’t be filled up，to show politeness to the guest. If a meal is needed，the seating arrangements are very particular. The seat facing the gate belongs to the host，and that of the guest of honor will also be arranged in advance. During the meal，communication is of vital importance and the lively dining atmosphere is much preferred. Meanwhile，the host and the guest will urge each other to eat and drink，and even if the table is full of delicacies，the host will still be modest，saying the food is not sumptuous enough，and that the guest is not well entertained. The farewell and see-off are the concluding part. The guest is ready to leave when he expresses such a wish，while the host will repeatedly try to persuade the guest to stay. When they part，the host will say some formulae，such as “Visit us again when available and take care” and the guest will reply with “Don’t bother to see me out”，and in this way the visit ends with the warm farewell speech. 中国和西方在待客礼方面有所不同。客人来访时，家里所有人都会出来见面，并寒暄一番。客人落座后，主人会给客人倒茶。茶水不可倒满，且要双手递给客人，表示礼貌。如果涉及用餐，座位安排也有讲究。面向大门的座位为主位，贵宾的位置也会提前安排好。用餐过程中，中国人更注重交流，喜欢热闹的就餐氛围。与此同时，主人和客人都会相互让菜，还会相互敬酒。即使为客人准备了满桌的美味佳肴，主人仍会谦虚客套一番，说饭菜不够丰盛，对客人招待不周。告辞和送客是待客的最后一个环节。客人提出准备离开的愿望时，主人则会再三挽留。分别时，主人会说些客套话，如“有空再来，慢走”，客人则会回以“不用送了，请留步”。拜访就在双方热情的告别语中结束。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$