UNIT 10 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 过去时中的被动语态 语法串烧 我的发现 　　At yesterday’s class meeting，Zhang Qun was praised by① the teacher because he had helped a sick classmate. The fact was that when he entered the classroom yesterday morning，he found Li Ning, who had been there earlier than him，suddenly had a high fever and was being troubled by②it. Zhang Qun immediately called 120 and Li Ning was sent③ to hospital in time. The teacher said such things had already been done by④Zhang Qun and asked us to learn from him. 黑体部分都是过去时中的被动语态，其中①③是一般过去时的被动语态；②是过去进行时的被动语态；④是过去完成时的被动语态。 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的。过去时中的被动语态主要包括一般过去时的被动语态、过去进行时的被动语态和过去完成时的被动语态等。 一、一般过去时的被动语态的构成和用法 基本结构的构成 肯定句 主语＋was/were＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 否定句 主语＋was/were＋not＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 一般疑问句 Was/Were＋主语＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？(肯定回答：Yes，… was/were. ；否定回答：No，… wasn’t/weren’t. ) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？ 用法 一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作，无需说明动作。 was、were的使用由主语的单复数形式而定，主语为第三人称单数名词、代词或I时用was。 主语为复数名词、代词they或you时用were。 ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Every Christmas，an envelope with a North Pole stamp arrived，which was addressed (address) to Tolkien’s children. ②Some new computers were stolen(steal) last night. ③The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was conducted(conduct) by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. ④看着这些栩栩如生的雕塑作品，我们感觉历史“复活”了。 Looking at the vivid sculptures，we felt the history was brought to life. 学生用书第14页 二、过去进行时的被动语态的构成和用法 基本结构的构成 肯定句 主语＋was/were＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 否定句 主语＋was/were＋not＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 一般疑问句 Was/Were＋主语＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？(肯定回答：Yes，… was/were being… ；否定回答：No，… wasn’t/weren’t being… ) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？ 用法 表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性的动作。 过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时的被动语态。 少数及物动词的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①This road was being built(build) this time last year. ②The feast was being prepared(prepare) when it began to snow outside. ③He said many activities were being planned(plan) for the celebration of the company’s 60th anniversary. ④I was practicing my oral English at 8：00 yesterday evening. →My oral English was being practiced at 8：00 yesterday evening. ⑤The teacher told me the students were carrying out the experiment at that moment. →The teacher told me the experiment was being carried out at that moment. 三、过去完成时的被动语态的构成和用法 基本结构的构成 肯定句 主语＋had＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 否定句 主语＋had＋not＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 一般疑问句 Had＋主语＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？(肯定回答：Yes，… had… ；否定回答：No，… hadn’t… ) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？ 用法 表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 温馨提示：当从句由after，before，when或as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 ◎巧学活用3——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She had been told(tell) about the risk of electric shocks and this made her very careful while using hairdryers. ②Several months later，most of the buildings which had been damaged(damage) in the earthquake were repaired. ③上月末，他刚写的小说已经被翻译成了英语。 His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month. ④半夜，他们通知我，我已经被理想的大学录取了。 It was the middle of the night when they informed that I had been admitted to my dream university. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$