UNIT 11 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1 Living in a community-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 11　CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 内容索引 语篇研读　细梳理 1 语篇助解　释疑难 2 课时测评 5 语基自查　固根基 3 语基讲练　提能力 4 语篇研读　细梳理 返回 Step One：Pre-reading Look at the pictures and answer the following questions. Have you ever experienced a neighbourhood conflict？What do you think might cause conflicts between neighbours? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (The answers may vary. ) Step Two：While-reading Ⅰ．Read for the main idea What’s the main idea of the text? A．An unwelcome neighbour. B．The drummer was hit by an old man. C．The conflicts happening in a community. D．Grandpa was arrested because of fight with a young man. √ Ⅱ．Match the main idea with each part Part 1(Para. 1)　　 A．The writers went to have an interview with Ma Ming. Part 2(Para. 2) B．The local council gave Ma Ming a warning. Part 3(Paras. 3—4) C．Ma Ming’s neighbours were in trouble being exposed to the drum noise. Part 4(Para. 5) D．Ma Ming has left his apartment because of his drumming. Ⅲ．Read for the structure parties　 driven mad　 sleep well　 a 　 resolution 　 warning　 collecting fish　 upstairs flat　 emptied　 change his ways　 the birthday song for Ⅳ. Read for details 1．How did Ma Ming’s neighbours feel after his departure? A．They felt very sorry for their selfishness. B．They felt pleased. C．They felt sleepy. D．They felt unbearable. 2．What do we know about Mr. McKay? A．He is both a keen gardener and a fish collector. B．He is not a peaceful man. C．He hit Smith because the latter watered his flowers on the balcony. D．He was set free on Sunday. √ √ 3．Mr. McKay hit Mr. Smith over the head because _______. A．Mr. McKay was a man of violence B．Mr. McKay didn’t like fish C．Mr. Smith was impolite D．The McKays were often wet through by Mr. Smith 4．How long was Mr. McKay in prison? A．A year. B．Two weeks. C．A night. D．Thirty years. √ √ Step Three：Post-reading Ⅰ．难句解构 1． 尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩说，尽管迈奇平时是个平和、和善的人，是因为再三被淋湿，他才会做出这种暴力的行为。　 2．       尝试翻译　______________________________________________________ ___________________________________ 她补充说，让他们烦恼的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清洗鱼缸的方式。　 Ⅱ．佳句仿写 1．教材佳句　I have never seen him move so fast and I couldn’t stop him. He was up there in a flash. (动作描写) 学后仿写　汤姆很沮丧，因为在辩论中他没能让自己的观点被别的同学理解。 Tom _________________ because he couldn’t get his point across to other students in the debate. 2．教材佳句　“Life will go back to normal now，” they said. (语言描写) 学后仿写　“你只是把它打破了，”我俏皮地笑着补充道。 “___________________，”I added with a playful grin. felt disappointed　 You did just break it　 Ⅲ．品质升华 1．What do you think of the conflict and compromise？Do you think the conflict and compromise is very important？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Society itself is a body of contradictions，conflict and compromise are everywhere，reducing conflict，more compromise is the basis of human harmonious survival. Therefore，from this perspective，compromise is the guarantee for the coexistence and win-win of human society. Only in this way can human beings develop and survive better.　 返回 2．What did the community council do？Why did they take action？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The community council voted to warn Ma Ming，telling him he should stop drumming or move out. Because they think enough sleep is important for people’s health.　 语篇助解　释疑难 返回 ①drummer/ˈdrʌmə/n. 鼓手 drum/drʌm/vi. 击鼓，打鼓 ②pack/pæk/vi. & vt. 打包 n．包，包裹 pack up整理；把……打包 ③move out of搬出；脱离；摆脱 ④complaint/kəmˈpleɪnt/n. 投诉 complain/kəmˈpleɪn/v. 抱怨，投诉 原文呈现 名师圈点 LIVING IN A COMMUNITY Drummer Hits the Road Ma Ming，drummer①for the rock band “Storm”[1]，had to pack② his bags. He moved out of③ his rented flat after complaints④ from his neighbours about disturbing the peace. [1]画线部分为同位语，进一步解释说明主语。 ⑤tendency/ˈtendənsi/n. 趋势，趋向 have the tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向 ⑥plug/plʌɡ/vt. 把……塞住，堵塞；填塞 ⑦have a bad influence on对……有不良影响 原文呈现 名师圈点 Being single，Ma Ming often held parties at night，but the biggest problem was his tendency⑤ to drum late at night. Ma Ming’s neighbours said they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise[2]. The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him[3]. The neighbours quickly realised they were in trouble when he moved in. And from then on，they rarely got a full night’s sleep. They couldn’t relax or read a book without plugging⑥ their ears. One neighbour also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on⑦ his teenage son. [2]句中being exposed to such noise为动词-ing形式短语作状语。 [3]if引导与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。 ⑧take action采取行动；提出诉讼 ⑨vote/vəʊt/n. 投票(指行为)；票数 ⑩resolution/ˌrezəˈluːʃn/n. 决定；解决 ⑪warning/ˈwɔːnɪŋ/n. 警告，警示；告诫 ⑫cease/siːs/vi. & vt. 停止，终止，结束 ⑬property/ˈprɒpəti/n. 房产；所有物；财产 ⑭chorus/ˈkɔːrəs/n. 齐声；副歌；合唱团 原文呈现 名师圈点 In the end，the community council took action⑧. “We took a vote⑨，and came to a resolution⑩. We gave Ma Ming a warning⑪. We told him that he ought to cease⑫ drumming or leave the property⑬，”a council member said. “Getting enough sleep is important for people’s health[4] and，after such a chorus⑭ of complaints，we had to take action. ” [4]句中Getting enough sleep为动词-ing形式短语作主语。 ⑮departure/dɪˈpɑːtʃə/n. 离开，起程 ⑯go back to返回；追溯到 ⑰prejudiced/ˈpredʒədɪst/adj. 有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的 ⑱bitter/ˈbɪtə/adj. 愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，令人难过的；苦的 ⑲anyhow/ˈenihaʊ/adv. (非正式)尽管如此；至少 ⑳remote/rɪˈməʊt/adj. 偏僻的，偏远的 ㉑edge/edʒ/n. 边缘，外围 原文呈现 名师圈点 Ma Ming’s departure⑮has pleased his neighbours. “Life will go back to⑯ normal now，” they said. For Ma Ming’s version of the story，we found him in a hotel [5] in Shanghai. Ma Ming felt that they were prejudiced⑰ against him. He’s bitter⑱ over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise” [6]. Otherwise he didn’t really mind having to leave the flat. “Living in a hotel means the hotel staff makes the bed every day and I don’t have to do my own washing！Anyhow⑲，I’m now looking for a remote⑳ house on the edge㉑ of the city. ” [5]画线部分为find sb/sth＋介词短语结构，其中介词短语作宾语补足语。 [6]that引导同位语从句，对the fact的内容进一步解释说明。 ㉒arrest/əˈrest/vt. 逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止 ㉓tailor/ˈteɪlə/n. (男装)裁缝 ㉔pleasant/ˈplezənt/adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的 ㉕violence/ˈvaɪələns/n. 暴力行为，暴力 violent/ˈvaɪələnt/adj. 暴力的；剧烈的 ㉖literally/ˈlɪtərəli/adv. 确实地 ㉗no longer不再 ㉘tolerate/ˈtɒləreɪt/vt. 忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容 原文呈现 名师圈点 Grandpa Arrested㉒ After One Shower Too Many Eighty-year-old retired tailor㉓，James McKay，spent Saturday night in a cell after hitting 30-year-old Keith Smith over the head with his walking stick. McKay’s wife，Laurene said that，while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant㉔ person[7]，he had been driven to this act of violence㉕ by literally㉖ getting wet just once too often. He could no longer㉗ tolerate㉘ it. [7]while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 ㉙keen/kiːn/adj. 着迷的，有强烈兴趣的 ㉚balcony/ˈbælkəni/n. 阳台 ㉛unsuspecting /ˌʌnsəˈspektɪŋ/adj. 无提防之心的，无疑心的 原文呈现 名师圈点 Smith lives above the McKays. He is a keen㉙ gardener，and also a fish collector. Unfortunately，the water he sent over his balcony㉚ every day ended up on the McKays’ floor，or too often，on the unsuspecting㉛ McKays themselves. ㉜bother/ˈbɒðə/vi. & vt. (使) 担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 ㉝get rid of摆脱，除去 原文呈现 名师圈点 “For the last two weeks，since Smith moved into the flat above us [8]，we dared not go onto our balcony，” said Laurene. She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered㉜ them，but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks. “We’d be sitting there happily reading our newspapers，when suddenly so much water would come from above that we’d be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on [9]! We could hardly get rid of㉝ the smell of fish！” [8]since引导时间状语从句，意为“自……以来”。 [9]as if引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”。 ㉞recall/rɪˈkɔːl/vi. & vt. 回想，回忆起 ㉟starry /ˈstɑːri/ adj. 布满星星的；闪闪发光的 ㊱in a flash瞬间；立刻 原文呈现 名师圈点 And on Saturday evening it was just too much. “It was James’ birthday，” Laurene recalled㉞，“and it was such a beautiful night to enjoy the starry㉟ night outside. I made him a birthday cake. The candles were a great sight as you can imagine [10]，but James didn’t get to blow them out. ” Instead，Smith emptied one of his larger tanks over his balcony and both the McKays and the cake were wet through. “I have never seen him move so fast and I couldn’t stop him. He was up there in a flash㊱. ” [10]as引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词a great sight。 ㊲a large crowd of一大群的 ㊳cheerful/ˈtʃɪəfl/adj. 欢快的，高兴的 原文呈现 名师圈点 Smith is not going to take things further with the police. He has also promised to change his ways from now on. And what of James McKay？As he left the police station，a large crowd of㊲ supporters sang him “Happy Birthday”. “Definitely the most exciting birthday ever！” said the cheerful㊳ old man. “The best since my youth，I’d say！” 译文参考 社区生活 鼓手走人 摇滚乐队“暴风雨”的鼓手马明不得不收拾行李。他搬出租用的公寓，因为邻居们投诉他扰乱社区的宁静。 马明是个单身汉，经常在晚上开派对，但最大的问题是他常常打鼓到深夜。邻居说他们都快被这样的噪音逼疯了。房东说如果他知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。马明一搬进来，邻居们很快就意识到麻烦来了。从那以后，他们很少能安安稳稳地睡一整晚觉。如果不堵住耳朵，他们就不能放松或者看书。有个邻居还说，马明对他十几岁的儿子造成了不良影响。 最后，居委会采取了行动。一位居委会成员说：“我们投票表决，达成了一项决议。我们警告马明，告诉他应该停止打鼓，否则就搬走。充足的睡眠对人们的健康很重要，收到这样的集体投诉，我们不得不采取行动。” 马明的离开让他的邻居很高兴。“生活终于要恢复正常了，”他们说。 我们在上海的一家酒店里找到了马明，想听听他对这个事件的看法。马明觉得邻居对自己有偏见。他对人们认为他的音乐是“噪音”的事实感到痛心。不过他并不介意离开公寓。“住在旅馆里就意味着每天有服务员整理床铺，我也不必自己洗衣服！不过，我现在正在城郊找位置稍微偏僻一点的房子。” 洗了“大澡”而被捕的爷爷 80岁的退休裁缝詹姆斯·迈奇，周六的晚上是在监狱里度过的，因为用拐杖打了30岁的基思·史密斯的头。迈奇的妻子劳瑞恩说，他平时是个平和、和善的人，是因为再三被淋湿，他才会做出这种暴力的行为。他实在是忍无可忍了。 史密斯住在迈奇家楼上。他热爱园艺，喜欢养鱼。但不幸的是，他每天在阳台上浇的水最后都落到迈奇家的地板上，也经常洒在毫无防备的迈奇夫妇身上。 劳瑞恩说：“过去两周，自从史密斯搬到楼上的公寓，我们都不敢去阳台了。”她补充说，让他们烦恼的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清洗鱼缸的方式。“我们本来高兴地坐在阳台上看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，把我们都给浇湿了，就像穿着衣服洗了个澡一样！我们很难去掉(身上的)鱼腥味！” 这周六晚上实在是忍无可忍了。劳瑞恩回忆道：“那天是詹姆斯的生日，是个特别美丽的夜晚，可以坐在外面享受夜晚的星空。我给他做了个生日蛋糕，你可以想象点上蜡烛有多么漂亮，可詹姆斯却没能把蜡烛吹灭。”然而，史密斯从阳台上倒掉他的一个大鱼缸中的水，将迈奇夫妇和蛋糕都淋了个通透。“我从没见过他动作那么快，根本没办法阻止，他一下子就冲到楼上去了。” 史密斯不会让警方进一步追究这件事。他还承诺从现在开始改变他的方式。而詹姆斯·迈奇呢？他离开警察局时，一大群支持者为他唱起了《生日快乐》歌。“这绝对是最激动人心的一次生日啦！”老人快乐地说道。“我得说，这是自打我年轻以来最棒的一次生日！” 返回 语基自查　固根基 返回 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．destroy her personal property　 毁掉她的私有_______ 2．his departure from the island _______这座岛 3．be prejudiced in your judgement 在判断上存在_______ 4．involve literally hundreds of people _______要几百个人参与 5．a drummer in a rock band 一支摇滚乐队的_______ 6．a successful resolution to the problem 问题的成功_______ 7．an unsuspecting local official 一名_______________地方官员 财产　 离开　 偏见　 确实　 鼓手　 解决　 毫无猜疑心的　 ◎核心单词——练通 1．①_______ a few toys 打包一些玩具 ②free information _______ 免费信息包 2．______ in the election 在选举中投票 3．_______ experience 痛苦的经历 4．a _________ beach 偏远的海滩 5．on the _______ of the cliff 在悬崖边上 6．_______ five young men 逮捕了5名年轻男子 7．keep a _______ interest 保持着强烈的兴趣 8．________ his name 回想起他的名字 pack　 pack　 vote　 bitter　 　remote　 　　　edge　 arrest　 　　　keen　 recall　 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．__________ n．鼓手→drum vi. 击鼓，打鼓 2．____________ n．投诉→complain vi. 抱怨；发牢骚；诉说 3．__________ n．警告，警示；告诫→warn vt. 警告，提醒；通知 4．___________ n．离开，启程→depart vi. 离开，出发 5．____________ adj. 有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的→prejudice n．偏见，歧视 drummer　 complaint　 warning　 departure　 prejudiced　 6．__________ adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的 →please vt. 使喜欢；使高兴，使满意 →pleased adj. 高兴的；喜欢的；乐于(做某事) →pleasure n．高兴，快乐，愉快 7．__________ n．暴力行为，暴力 →violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的 →violently adv. 激烈地；剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地 8．_________ vt. 忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容 →tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的 →tolerance n．宽容，容忍；耐力 9．________ vi. &vt. (使) 担心，(使)生气，(使) 苦恼 →bothered adj. 烦(恼)的；感到讨厌的 pleasant　 violence　 tolerate　 bother　 规律方法 1．规律：动词后跟-ing变成名词 warn vt. 警告，提醒；通知＋-ing→warning n．警告，警示；告诫 例如：meeting n．会议 building n. 建筑(物)swimming n．游泳 2．规律：-ence结尾的名词变成-ent结尾的形容词 violence n．暴力行为，暴力→violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的 例如：apparent adj. 显而易见的 confident adj. 自信的，有自信的 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．采取行动 ____________ 2．处于不幸中；处于困难中 ___________ 3．对……有不良影响 ______________________ 4．除掉，去掉 ___________ 5．几乎；濒于；在……的边缘 ______________ 6．不再 ___________ 7．最终成为；最后处于 ________ take action　 in trouble　 have a bad influence on　 get rid of　 on the edge of　 no longer　 end up　 第二组　英译汉 8．be exposed to ___________________ 9．in a flash _____________ 10．go back to _____________________ 11．move out of ___________________ 12．from then on ___________ 13．in the end _____________ 14．look for _______ 15．a large crowd of _______________ 接触；暴露于……　 瞬间，即刻　 回去，返回；追溯到　 搬出；脱离；摆脱　 从那时起　 终于，最后　 寻找　 一大群的……　 ◎典型句式——默背 1．句型公式　动词-ing形式作状语 教材原句　______________(因为单身)，Ma Ming often held parties at night，but the biggest problem was his tendency to drum late at night. 2．句型公式　if引导虚拟条件句 教材原句　… ________________(如果他早知道) that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him. 3．句型公式　that引导同位语从句 教材原句　He’s bitter over the fact ________________________________ _________(人们认为他的音乐是“噪音”). Being single　 if he had known　 that people thought of his music as 　 “noise” 　 返回 语基讲练　提能力 返回 1　complaint n．投诉 (教材原句)He moved out of his rented flat after complaints from his neighbours about disturbing the peace. 他搬出租用的公寓，因为邻居们投诉他扰乱社区的宁静。 (1)complain(to sb) of/about sth (向某人) 抱怨 (某事)，(向某人) 发牢骚 complain (to sb) that… (向某人)抱怨…… (2)make a complaint/complaints to sb about/of sth 向某人投诉某事 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①But too many _____________ (complain) will bore your audience. ②What I am to complain ___________ is that the books I bought online are poorly printed and smell terrible. ③I’m writing to make ____ complaint about your service standard. ④她抱怨工作机会不平等。 ____________________she had received inequality of job opportunity. complaints　 about/of　 a　 She complained that　 2　 warning n．警告，警示；告诫 (教材原句)We gave Ma Ming a warning. 我们给了马明一个警告。 warn sb of sth 　 警告/提醒某人注意某事 warn (sb) against doing sth 警告/提醒(某人)不要做某事 warn sb (not) to do sth 告诫某人(不要)做某事 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Warned _____ the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. ②The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early __________ (warn)signals that we really have changed our planet. ③我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。 →My father ________________________ to the west coast because it was crowded with tourists. →My father ____________________ to the west coast because it was crowded with tourists. of　 warning　 warned me against going　 warned me not to go　 3　 tolerate vt. 忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容 (教材原句)He could no longer tolerate it. 他实在是忍无可忍了。 (1)tolerate (doing) sth/to do sth 容忍/容许(做)某事 (2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的 be tolerant of 对……宽容；容忍…… (3)tolerance n． 宽容；容忍 单句语法填空/词汇升级 ①If neighbours want to get along well with each other，they have to show their ____________(tolerate). ②I couldn’t tolerate __________________(interrupt) when I was editing my book. ③We must learn to be tolerant _____ different cultures especially when we live in a multi-cultural society. ④When he went abroad，he found the new surroundings hard to bear. →When he went abroad，he found the new surroundings hard to ___________ _________. tolerance　 being interrupted　 of　 tolerate/put 　 up with 　 4　keen adj. 着迷的，有强烈兴趣的 (教材原句)He is a keen gardener，and also a fish collector. 他热爱园艺，喜欢养鱼。 be keen on sb/sth　　 喜欢某人/某物 be keen on doing sth 喜欢做某事 be keen to do sth 渴望做某事 单句语法填空/应用文写作之演讲稿 ①It has always been an attraction for those who are keen _____ anything that is Chinese. ②He told me that he was keen on __________ those who were in trouble. ③我的外国朋友渴望更多地了解我们的文化，所以我想与他们分享。 My foreign friends ____________________________________, so I’d like to share it with them. on　 helping　 are keen to learn more about our culture　 5　 bother vi. & vt. (使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 (教材原句)She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them，but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks. 她补充说，让他们烦恼的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水，还有他清洗鱼缸的方式。 bother sb with/about sth　 因某事麻烦(打扰)某人 bother to do/doing sth 费/操心做某事 It bothers sb that/to do sth 使某人苦恼的是……/做某事令某人苦恼 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①You don’t bother _____________ (get) dinner for me today，because I’ll eat out. ②Don’t bother your deskmate _____________ the math problem. Try to work it out by yourself. ③My best friend Tom has become addicted to playing computer games recently，and it bothers me a lot. →_____________________________________________________________________________________(that引导主语从句) to get/getting　 about/with　 　It bothers me a lot that my best friend Tom has become addicted to playing computer games recently.　 1　句型公式：if引导虚拟条件句 (教材原句)… if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer，he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him. ……如果他知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。 if引导虚拟语气主要考查主从句的谓语动词的时态，基本规则如下： Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 表虚拟的时间 if从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 现在 did/were would (should/might/could)＋do 过去 had done would (should/might/could)＋have done 将来 were to/should＋do would (should/might/could)＋do 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If I were given another chance, I _______________(perform) much better than I did last night. ②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I __________(do) it? ③If we had taken the other road, we might ______________(arrive) here in time for the meeting. ④无论何时何地，只要您方便，如果您能帮助我们，我将不胜感激。 _____________________________________whenever and wherever it is convenient for you. (求助信) would perform　 had done　 have arrived　 I would appreciate it if you could help us　 2　句型公式：that引导同位语从句 (教材原句)He’s bitter over the fact that people thought of his music as “noise”． 他对人们认为他的音乐是“噪音”的事实感到痛心。 (1)从属连词 that 引导同位语从句时，常跟在某些抽象名词如：fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility，chance，plan，question等之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。 (2)在某些名词(如demand，wish，suggestion，request等)的后面，同位语从句要用“(should＋)do”表示虚拟语气。 (3)同位语从句也可以由连接代词who，what，whose，which；连接副词how，when，where，why或从属连词whether来引导。 单句语法填空/句式升级 ①We have confidence_______ the job will be completed on schedule. ②The thought flashed through my mind _______ I would never give up. ③The phenomenon ______ students can’t convey/express their ideas is worth paying attention to by every English teacher. ④Doctors have suggested that patients should take in less sugar and salt. →__________________________________________________________________________(改为同位语从句) 返回 that　 that　 that　 　　A suggestion that patients (should) eat less sugar and salt has been given by doctors.　 课时测评 返回 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当的形式(每小题1分，共10分) 1．One should never make public _________(财产) one’s private possession. 2．He __________(把……塞住) the hole in the pipe with an old rag. 3．When you _______ (打包) a bag，you put clothes and other things into it，because you are leaving a place or going on holiday. 4．The _______ (投票) yesterday appears to mark a turning point in the war. 5．Police ___________(逮捕) five young men in connection with one of the attacks. 语境基础练 property　 plugged　 pack　 vote　 arrested　 6．Henderson ___________(回忆起) that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington. 7．Many people are taking a _______(有强烈兴趣的) interest in the result of the vote. 8．Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for _________ (偏远的) regions to chase their dreams. 9．Fairly terrified of being washed away，James was struggling to grab the e______ of the boat. 10．Welfare payments c______ as soon as an individual starts a job. recalled　 keen　 remote　 dge　 ease　 维度二　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共5分) 1．They were accused of instigating racial __________(violent) . 2．The most common ____________(complain) is about poor service. 3．I went home from the theater and was really __________(bother) because of hunger. 4．Aside from amusing games and ___________(please) talks, you can also encourage intimate conversations with your friends. 5．She ignored the __________(warn) signals and did not check the patient’s medical notes. violence　 complaint　 bothered　 pleasant　 warning　 维度三　完成句子/句式升级(每小题4分，共12分) 1．治疗烧伤的方法也各不相同，这取决于烧伤的程度。(动词-ing形式短语作状语) Treatments applied to burn vary，too，____________________________. 2．要不是你去年努力学习，今天你也不会取得如此大的进步。(虚拟语气) ________________________ last year，you __________________ such great progress today. 3．We don’t doubt that technology will improve the quality of services for the public. →_____________________technology will improve the quality of services for the public. (no doubt；同位语从句) depending on the degree of burn　 If you hadn’t studied hard　 wouldn’t have made　 There’s no doubt that　 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1分，共20分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Drummer Hits the Road Ma Ming，a drummer，often held parties at night，1.________ has caused many complaints from his neighbours about 2._______(lose) of sleep. They said they were being driven mad 3._______________(expose) to such noise. Since he moved into the building，they have 4.________(rare) got a full which　 loss　 being exposed　 rarely　 night’s sleep. They even couldn’t get 5.__________(relax) or read a book without 6.___________(plug) their ears. Moreover，one neighbour thought Ma Ming had a bad influence 7._____ his teenage son. Finally，the local council took action. Ma Ming had to leave his 8._________(rent) flat. His 9.___________ (depart) has made his neighbours’ life return 10._____ normal. relaxed　 plugging　 on　 rented　 departure　 to　 Grandpa Arrested After One Shower Too Many Smith lives above the McKays. He is a keen gardener，and also a fish 11.____________(collect) . The water he sent over his balcony often ended up 12._____ the McKays’ floor. It wasn’t only the water 13._______bothered the McKays. They would 14.____________(sit) happily reading their newspapers when suddenly so much water would come from above that they would be as wet as if they 15._____________(shower) with their clothes on！That Saturday collector　 on　 that　 be sitting　 had showered　 was James’ birthday. His wife made him 16.____ birthday cake，but before he 17._______(blow) the candles out，Smith emptied one of his larger tanks over his balcony，so that both the McKays and the cake were wet through. James was so angry that he hit Smith with his 18.__________(walk) stick. After spending a night in a cell，James went back home. He said it was 19.___________ (definite) the most exciting birthday ever. As for Smith，he has promised 20.___________ (change) his ways from now on. a　 blew　 walking　 definitely　 to change　 素能提升练 Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·江西赣州期末) It was a bright and sunny day. Keegan and I arranged to spend the afternoon at his place. Eager to show me his large collection of toys, he took me to his room. Among all the toys, his most treasured one was a model aeroplane. Keegan said it was a gift from his uncle who worked as a pilot. I wanted to take a closer look so I asked Keegan if I could hold it in my hands. He graciously agreed. Knowing how easily broken the aeroplane was, I carefully removed it from the display cabinet. Just as I was putting it back, I sneezed. “Snap！”One of the wings of the model aeroplane broke in my hands. When Keegan saw this, tears welled up in his eyes. Soon, tears started to roll down his cheeks uncontrollably. With my head hung low, I rushed out of his house as I did not know how to comfort him. For the next few days, I stayed out of Keegan’s way in school. I was worried that he would still be angry with me. Feeling sad without his company, I built up the courage to approach Keegan after school one day. I told Keegan, “I am so sorry for breaking your valuable aeroplane. ” “It’s okay! Our friendship is more important than a toy aeroplane, ” Keegan replied with a smile. I was extremely touched when I heard what he said. I offered to fix the broken wing of the damaged aeroplane. Keegan took me to his house and we fixed it together. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者把好朋友Keegan的飞机模型弄坏并帮他修好的故事。 1．Why did Keegan take the writer to his room? A．To talk about their future jobs. B．To show his large collection of toys. C．To teach the writer to make model aeroplane. D．To offer the writer a model aeroplane as a gift. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Eager to show me his large collection of toys, he took me to his room. ”可知，Keegan邀请作者到家里来的目的是为了看他收藏的大量玩具。故选B。 √ 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．One of the wings. B．The large collection of toys. C．The display cabinet. D．The model acroplane. 代词指代题。根据第一段“Among all the toys, his most treasured one was a model aeroplane. Keegan said it was a gift from his uncle who worked as a pilot. ”可知，作者拿在手里的是这架模型飞机。故此处it指代的就是这架“模型飞机”。故选D。 √ 3．How did the writer feel after he broke the model aeroplane? A．Embarrassed. B．Amazed. C．Touched. D．Shocked. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“With my head hung low, I rushed out of his house as I did not know how to comfort him. ”和第四段“For the next few days, I stayed out of Keegan’s way in school. I was worried that he would still be angry with me. ”可知，作者在摔坏Keegan的模型飞机后，不知如何安慰Keegan，更不敢打扰他。由此推知，作者感到非常的尴尬。故选A。 √ 4．What can we infer from the text? A．The writer lost his best friend forever. B．They fixed the broken model aeroplane together. C．The writer mended his friendship with Keegan. D．The writer said sorry to Keegan immediately. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Our friendship is more important than a toy aeroplane”以及最后一段“I offered to fix the broken wing of the damaged aeroplane. Keegan took me to his house and we fixed it together. ”可推知，作者修好了Keegan的模型飞机，也修复了两人的友谊。故选C。 √ B There is beauty in each moment of our lives，but often we’re too distracted to notice it. Instead，we spend much of our time worrying about the future or regretting the past，and this habit can have negative consequences for our mental and physical health. That’s why many people today are turning to the practice of mindfulness (正念减压法). Simply put，mindfulness means focusing on the present moment. Let’s say you’re sitting in traffic after a long day’s work. Rather than dwelling on(老是想着) an unpleasant incident that occurred earlier or worrying about your schedule for the next day，you might direct your attention to the sound of the rain drops battering the windshield or to a specific image before you. By directing your attention to the here and now，you automatically shift your focus away from self-image，success，and other stress-inducing concerns. Such a shift in consciousness helps us form more meaningful connections with others and handle problems with greater ease. It also lets us appreciate life’s many little pleasures. So，it’s not surprising that mindfulness has been found to help in the treatment of depression，anxiety，eating disorders，and even physical problems related to stress，such as heart disease，high blood pressure，and upset stomachs. How do you practice mindfulness？While it’s often associated with meditation，you don’t actually need to be in a particular place or position to cultivate it. In fact，it can be incorporated(使并入) into almost any daily activity，including eating，walking，showering，or doing the dishes. Let’s take this last activity as an illustration： Begin by bringing your attention to your breath. Inhale(吸入) through your nose allowing the air to expand your belly，and exhale through your mouth. Notice the sensations as each breath goes in and out. As you engage in the task of washing the dishes，direct your awareness to the scent of the soap，the sound of the running water，and the feel of the suds (肥皂泡沫) between your fingers. Simply be aware of these and any other immediate sensations without forming any judgments about them. At times，this process may not be relaxing，especially when what you’re doing is boring or unpleasant. Nevertheless，by practicing mindfulness，we can learn to accept whatever situations life brings us and，over time develop greater happiness. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生活中的美好时刻在我们身边，但我们常常对它视而不见。我们时常担心未来、悔恨过去。那何不试试用“正念”找回真正的人生。 5．Why is the example of “sitting in traffic” mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To appreciate beauty at the present moment. B．To explain the meaning of mindfulness. C．To describe the traffic accident in the street. D．To attract the readers’ attention to the traffic. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可推知，作者以sitting in traffic为例，旨在通过举例的方式来进一步解释说明本段主题，即“mindfulness means focusing on the present moment”。故选B项。 √ 6．Which of the following is the benefit of mindfulness? A．Finding out problems in study more easily. B．Helping cure diseases like high blood pressure. C．Allowing us to enjoy small pleasures in life. D．Making friends with other people in the traffic. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It also lets us appreciate life’s many little pleasures. ”可知，正念能让我们享受生活中许多小乐趣。故选C项。 √ 7．From the text，mindfulness can be practised by _______. A．finding a particular place to cultivate it B．bringing our attention to our breath C．burying ourselves in washing the dishes D．putting it to use in our everyday life 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In fact，it can be incorporated(使并入) into almost any daily activity，including eating，walking，showering，or doing the dishes. ”可知，正念可运用到我们的日常生活中。故选D项。 √ 8．What is the text mainly about? A．The reasons why people begin to practise mindfulness. B．The differences between mindfulness and meditation. C．The benefits of mindfulness and the way to practice it. D．The ways we should keep healthy mentally and physically. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段中的“by practicing mindfulness，we can learn to accept whatever situations life brings us and，over time develop greater happiness”可知，本文先介绍了正念减压法的含义和好处，然后告诉我们怎样进行正念减压训练。故选C项。 √ Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Criticism is harmful to healthy relationships. 　1　 First，work on changing your own behavior. Then，find effective ways to communicate if someone bothers you. Changing Your Behavior ·Think before you speak. 　2　 Sometimes，it’s best to let small indiscretions (轻率的行为) go. Try taking a few deep breaths and leaving the room instead of criticizing. ·Separate the individual from their actions. If you work on separating the person from the action，you may naturally want to criticize less. As you realize you cannot judge a person’s character based on a single choice or decision，you will be unable to call someone out for being rude or disrespectful. ·Focus on positives. Oftentimes，being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has shortcomings. However，the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh bad ones. 　3　. Communicating More Effectively ·　4　 Some people have issues that may need addressing. However，feedback is very different from criticism. When addressing an issue，focus on suggestions you can make to help another person improve，which is more effective than criticizing. ·Ask for what you want directly. Inefficient communication often results in heavy criticism. 　5　 Make sure to ask for what you want in a direct，respectful manner. This will eliminate (消除) the need for criticism. ·Consider the other party’s perspective. If you criticize others too often，you may be shutting out the other person’s point of view. Try to step in another person’s shoes before criticizing and you may get some new and special ideas. A．Give feedback rather than criticism. B．However，there are ways to avoid criticism. C．Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones. D．If you find yourself making assumptions about a person’s character，stop yourself. E．If you’re not telling someone what you want，that person cannot be expected to know. F．Criticism should，ideally，be working towards an effective solution to a negative situation. G．When you want to dish out criticism，pause and consider whether you really need to say anything. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些如何避免批评别人的方法。 Criticism is harmful to healthy relationships. _______________________ ____________________ First，work on changing your own behavior. Then，find effective ways to communicate if someone bothers you. B．However，there are ways to avoid criticism. 上文“Criticism is harmful to healthy relationships. ”说明人际交往中批评别人不利于关系的健康发展。下文“First，work on changing your own behavior. Then，find effective ways to communicate if someone bothers you. ”给出了一些具体的解决方法。B项“然而，这里有避免批评的方法”承接上文，引起下文，符合语境。故选B项。 Changing Your Behavior ·Think before you speak. _____________________________________ __________________________________________________ Sometimes，it’s best to let small indiscretions (轻率的行为) go. Try taking a few deep breaths and leaving the room instead of criticizing. G．When you want to dish out criticism，pause and consider whether you really need to say anything. 上文“Think before you speak. ”说明该段给出的建议是说话之前应该好好思考。G项是对该段主旨的进一步解释，说明想要批评之前应该先思考，符合语境。故选G项。 ·Separate the individual from their actions. If you work on separating the person from the action，you may naturally want to criticize less. As you realize you cannot judge a person’s character based on a single choice or decision，you will be unable to call someone out for being rude or disrespectful. ·Focus on positives. Oftentimes，being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has shortcomings. However，the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh bad ones. _____________ _______________________________________________ C. Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones. 该段主旨句“Focus on positives. ”以及空前“Oftentimes，being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has shortcomings. However，the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh bad ones. ”说明该段主要讲述每个人都有缺点，然而大多数人的优点多于缺点，人们应该多关注别人积极的方面。C项承接上文，其中的“focus on a person’s positive qualities”和段首“Focus on positives. ”相呼应，说明我们应该多关注一个人的积极品质。故选C项。 Communicating More Effectively ·__________________________________ Some people have issues that may need addressing. However，feedback is very different from criticism. When addressing an issue，focus on suggestions you can make to help another person improve，which is more effective than criticizing. A．Give feedback rather than criticism.　 小标题Communicating More Effectively说明该部分给出的避免批评的方法是进行有效的沟通。下文“Some people have… which is more effective than criticizing. ”说明该段主要讲述帮助别人解决问题时，反馈并且给出建议比批评更有效。由此可知，A项“给予反馈而不是批评。”概括本段内容，符合语境。故选A项。 ·Ask for what you want directly. Inefficient communication often results in heavy criticism. _________________________________________________ _______________________________ Make sure to ask for what you want in a direct，respectful manner. This will eliminate (消除) the need for criticism. ·Consider the other party’s perspective. If you criticize others too often，you may be shutting out the other person’s point of view. Try to step in another person’s shoes before criticizing and you may get some new and special ideas. E．If you’re not telling someone what you want，that person cannot be expected to know. 段首句“Ask for what you want directly. ”说明该段主要讲述在有效沟通中需要直接表达自己的需求。上文“Inefficient communication often results in heavy criticism. ”说明无效的沟通会导致批评。下文“Make sure to ask for what you want in a direct，respectful manner. This will eliminate (消除) the need for criticism. ”说明直接提出需求是有效的沟通方式，会消除沟通过程中的批评。E项承上启下，说明在有效沟通中要直接说出自己的需求，否则别人将不会知道，这将导致无效的沟通和批评。故选E项。 Ⅲ．语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·山西阶段练习) In every culture around the world, friendship has been considered as the greatest thing a person can have. Everyone needs a close friendship 1．__________ can give us support for both the good and the bad times in life. Friends keep us from feeling lonely, provide us 2.________ a sense of being safe and help whenever things may not end up 3.________(go) the way we want which/that with going it to. 4.____________(unlucky) , sometimes friendship can be a source of pain as well as joy. Like any relationship, friendship can make us feel sad if the trust at the foundation of the relationship 5.____________(break) by either of the friends. For example, if you have ever told a close friend your secret, but he has that secret known by others, you might have 6._____ first feeling of losing trust in a friendship. Unluckily is broken a When experiencing the 7. __________(sad) or loneliness of losing a friendship, you can get out and be active, which helps you keep your mind off the lost friendship, or you can pay much attention to 8.____________(your) . If you pay attention to doing things you enjoy, you will have less time to think of your lost friendship. Always remember a strong friendship 9.__________(require) honesty and trust. Even if you are hurt by your friends, it is wise of you 10.__________ (forget) it and start your new life again. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是友谊的重要性和如何应对失去的友谊。 sadness yourself requires to forget 1．答案：which/that 考查定语从句。空处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为friendship，指物，因此空处用关系代词which或that，故填which/that。 2．答案：with 考查介词。provide sb with sth 是固定短语，意为“给某人提供某物”，因此空处用介词with，故填with。 3．答案：going 考查非谓语动词。end up doing是固定短语，意为“最终做某事”，因此空处用动词-ing形式。故填going。 4．答案：Unluckily 考查词性转换。空处用副词作状语，修饰整句话，unlucky的副词是unluckily，意为“不幸的是”，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Unluckily。 5．答案：is broken 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，if引导的是条件状语从句，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，由by可知，句子用被动语态，因此空处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语trust是不可数名词，因此空处用第三人称单数形式。故填is broken。 6．答案：a 考查冠词。first feeling意为“第一感觉”，此处表示泛指，前面要加不定冠词，first发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 7．答案：sadness 考查词性转换。空处用名词作宾语，sad的名词是sadness，意为“悲伤”，是不可数名词，故填sadness。 8．答案：yourself 考查反身代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“你可以多关注自己”，空处意为“你自己”，用反身代词yourself，故填yourself。 9．答案：requires 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处的句子是祈使句，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语friendship是单数，因此空处用第三人称单数形式，故填requires。 10．答案：to forget 考查非谓语动词。it is wise of sb to do sth是固定句型，意为“某人做某事是明智的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，因此空处用动词不定式。故填to forget。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$