UNIT 10 Section Ⅲ Grammar-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 10　CONNECTIONS Section Ⅲ　Grammar(1) 过去时中的被动语态 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 精研语法　巧点拨 2 课时测评 3 初识语法　品语篇 返回 语法串烧 At yesterday’s class meeting，Zhang Qun was praised by① the teacher because he had helped a sick classmate. The fact was that when he entered the classroom yesterday morning，he found Li Ning, who had been there earlier than him，suddenly had a high fever and was being troubled by②it. Zhang Qun immediately called 120 and Li Ning was sent③ to hospital in time. The teacher said such things had already been done by④Zhang Qun and asked us to learn from him. 我的发现 返回 黑体部分都是过去时中的被动语态，其中_______是一般过去时的被动语态；_____是过去进行时的被动语态；_____是过去完成时的被动语态。 ①③　 ②　 ④　 精研语法　巧点拨 返回 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的。过去时中的被动语态主要包括一般过去时的被动语态、过去进行时的被动语态和过去完成时的被动语态等。 一、一般过去时的被动语态的构成和用法 基本结构的构成 肯定句 主语＋was/were＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 否定句 主语＋was/were＋not＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 一般疑问句 Was/Were＋主语＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？(肯定回答：Yes，… was/were. ；否定回答：No，… wasn’t/weren’t. ) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？ 用法 一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作，无需说明动作。 was、were的使用由主语的单复数形式而定，主语为第三人称单数名词、代词或I时用was。 主语为复数名词、代词they或you时用were。 ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Every Christmas，an envelope with a North Pole stamp arrived，which _______________ (address) to Tolkien’s children. ②Some new computers _____________(steal) last night. ③The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test _______________(conduct) by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. ④看着这些栩栩如生的雕塑作品，我们感觉历史“复活”了。 Looking at the vivid sculptures，we felt ____________________________. was addressed　 were stolen　 was conducted　 the history was brought to life　 二、过去进行时的被动语态的构成和用法 基本结构的构成 肯定句 主语＋was/were＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 否定句 主语＋was/were＋not＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 一般 疑问句 Was/Were＋主语＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？(肯定回答：Yes，…was/were being…；否定回答：No，…wasn’t/weren’t being…) 特殊 疑问句 特殊疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋being＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？ 用法 表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性的动作。 过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，这时需要用完成时的被动语态。 少数及物动词的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①This road ________________(build) this time last year. ②The feast ___________________(prepare) when it began to snow outside. ③He said many activities ___________________(plan) for the celebration of the company’s 60th anniversary. ④I was practicing my oral English at 8：00 yesterday evening. →My oral English ____________________ at 8：00 yesterday evening. ⑤The teacher told me the students were carrying out the experiment at that moment. →The teacher told me the experiment ___________________ at that moment. was being built　 was being prepared　 were being planned　 was being practiced　 was being carried out　 三、过去完成时的被动语态的构成和用法 基本结构的构成 肯定句 主语＋had＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 否定句 主语＋had＋not＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者) 一般疑问句 Had＋主语＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？(肯定回答：Yes，… had… ；否定回答：No，… hadn’t…) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋been＋done(＋by＋动作执行者)？ 用法 表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 温馨提示：当从句由after，before，when或as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 ◎巧学活用3——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She ______________(tell) about the risk of electric shocks and this made her very careful while using hairdryers. ②Several months later，most of the buildings which _________________ (damage) in the earthquake were repaired. ③上月末，他刚写的小说已经被翻译成了英语。 His newly written novel ______________________________ by the end of last month. ④半夜，他们通知我，我已经被理想的大学录取了。 It was the middle of the night when they informed that ___________________ _____________________. had been told　 had been damaged　 had been translated into English　 I had been admitted　 to my dream university　 知识网络 返回 课时测评 返回 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．When I got to his house，I found that the walls ________________ (paint). 2．A window in our classroom was broken when it _________________ (wash). 3．The manager found that his office ________________(break) into the day before. 4．The young scholar died though great efforts ________________(make) to save his life. 语境基础练 were being painted　 was being washed　 had been broken　 had been made　 5．The moment she ______________(declare) the winner of the English speech competition，she jumped with joy. 6．The shop assistant was dismissed as she _____________ (accuse) of cheating customers. 7．Before they _______________(release)，the sea lions were fitted with electronic tracking devices. 8．When studying in the classroom last night，I always had the feeling that I ____________________(monitor). 9．He felt that his talents __________________(waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change. 10．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________________(carry) out in the past two years. was declared　 was accused　 were released　 was being monitored　 were being wasted　 had been carried　 维度二　语法与写作(每小题4分，共20分) 1．我们到那里时，工作已经完成了。 When we got there the work _________________. 2．他说自1990年以来，他的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 He said that great changes _____________________________ since 1990． 3．昨天我们匆忙赶到火车站，结果却被告知我们的火车被推迟了。 We hurried to the railway station yesterday，only to be told that ____________ ____________. had been finished　 had taken place in his hometown　 our train had 　 been put off 　 4．这位农民说他们在暴风雪中被困时，解放军战士及时赶来营救。 The farmer said the PLA men came to rescue timely ____________________ _______________________. 5．史密斯先生今天早上不得不乘公共汽车去上班，因为他的汽车正在被修理。 Mr. Smith had to go to work by bus this morning ________________________. when they were being 　 trapped in the snowstorm　 as his car was being repaired　 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1分，共9分) 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 We 1.____________ (give) the task of finding out whether the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory worked at our school. We 2.___________ (tell) about the “small-world problem” experiment in the United States，where packages 3.______________ (send) from one person to another with the aim of getting it to a stranger in the end. While the idea behind this experiment 4.___________________(discuss) in our group，it 5._____________(suggest) to us by our teacher that we try something similar. So we did. We couldn’t send were given　 were told　 had been sent　 was being discussed　 was suggested　 parcels，but we could send letters. Ten volunteers 6._____________ (choose) to take part and they 7.____________ (ask) to write a letter of introduction to another person in the school that they didn’t know and then to choose someone who they thought 8._______________ (connect) to that person to give it to. After all the letters 9.________________ (exchange) several times，seven out of the ten target people did receive their letters with chains of five or six people in each case! We think this means that our experiment was a success and it supports the theory. were chosen　 were asked　 was connected　 were exchanged　 素能提升练 Ⅰ．阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A (2024·海南海口开学考试) Belfast Friendship Club Belfast Friendship Club is a safe space for people from all over the world to meet in a relaxed atmosphere(气氛), to get information, to take part in activities, to make friends and help each other. Everyone welcome! Whether you are a worker, an international student, on holidays or coming back after living away, as long as you are prepared to talk or just listen to people you would not normally get to meet, Belfast Friendship Club is the place for you. Belfast Friendship Club offers a special welcome to newcomers who find themselves in Belfast for any reason. Belfast Friendship Club works on three rules: equality, respect and unity. What we do Belfast Friendship Club meets on Thursday evenings in a non-profit cafe. You can come in to： ● sit around； ● have a cup of tea or coffee； ● get to know new people or meet old friends； ● find out about events, parties and activities； ● learn about volunteering opportunities； ●exchange information about anything，from language or dance classes to how to find work； ● learn from each other’s countries, backgrounds and cultures； ● develop support networks and lifelong friendships. The atmosphere is friendly and informal. Everyone is welcome. You will receive a warm greeting at the door from one of the Club’s “older” members. Events and activities Belfast Friendship Club also runs events and outings. Most of them are free. Activities include social events such as clothes swaps, a wide range of volunteering opportunities in Belfast and beyond, creative workshops and art projects, picnics and outings, men’s and women’s football teams. Contact us To contact Belfast Friendship Club, email to Stephanie Mitchell, Belfast Friendship Club coordinator stephanie mitchell @sbrtr. org. uk. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个友谊俱乐部，并介绍了其相关知识，包括举办的活动等。 1．What is Belfast Friendship Club? A．A dating centre for single people. B．A safe space for building friendships. C．A trusted organization for the jobless. D．A small group for protecting volunteers. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Belfast Friendship Club is a safe space for people from all over the world to meet in a relaxed atmosphere (气氛), to get information, to take part in activities, to make friends and help each other. ”可知，贝尔法斯特友谊俱乐部是一个安全的地方，在这里人们可以交交朋友，谈谈心。由此可知，这里是一个建立友谊的安全地方。故选B。 √ 2．What may new members of Belfast Friendship Club receive? A．Respect. B．Outdoor training. C．Chatting skill training. D．Free tickets for two cups. 细节理解题。根据文章“Everyone welcome！”部分中的第二段“Belfast Friendship Club offers a special welcome to newcomers who find themselves in Belfast for any reason. Belfast Friendship Club works on three rules: equality, respect and unity. ”可知，如果加入贝尔法斯特友谊俱乐部，新成员们可以得到平等、尊重和团结。故选A。 √ 3．How often does Belfast Friendship Club hold a meeting? A．Every 3 days. B．Every 5 days. C．Every 7 days. D．Every 15 days. 细节理解题。根据文章“What we do”部分中的“Belfast Friendship Club meets on Thursday evenings in a non-profit cafe. ” 可知，贝尔法斯特友谊俱乐部每周四晚上聚会，也就是每周一聚。故选C。 √ B (2024·广东深圳期末) I’ve kept many of my childhood friendships so far. But as we grew up, some of them moved to other cities and those who remained in my city have jobs and families. Planning our schedules was challenging. I had to find a new way to make friends. So I asked relationship experts (专家) for their suggestions. First, consider what’s keeping you from expanding(拓展) your friendships. “We can give it different names, like the fear of not being liked, or the fear of doing it wrong, or the fear of being judged，” says Shasta Nelson, a friendship expert. “Underneath all of that is the fear of being rejected (拒绝). ” When you know what’s holding you back, you can take steps to open yourself up to new friendships. If you’re looking for someone online who shares your interest like hiking, the app Meetup may be a perfect choice for you. After hanging out online for some time, you may want to get together in person. But there’s always a risk of rejection. Still, someone needs to take the first step. Coffee or lunch is a good place to start. If you both own pets, meet at a dog park. Make safety an important thing by meeting in a public space. Although you might think you know the person online, meeting face to face requires a different level of trust. Before you agree to meet someone in person, consider how much information they’ve shared with you. Do you know where they work and whether they have an online footprint? If you don’t think you know enough about them, keep your friendship online until you feel more comfortable getting together. Don’t let the rush of making a new friend cloud your better judgment. After you’ve made the move from online friends to friends in real life, there’s no reason you can’t toggle (切换) between online and in-person friendships. Keep the momentum (势头) going and stay connected with your friends. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在网上交友以及维持这样的友谊。 4．Why did the author need to change her way of making friends? A．She moved to a new city. B．She has only a few friends in her city. C．She wants to become a relationship expert. D．She has difficulty staying connected with her old friends. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I’ve kept many of my childhood friend-ships so far. But as we grew up, some of them moved to other cities and those who remained in my city have jobs and families. Planning our schedules was challenging. I had to find a new way to make friends. ”可知，作者之所以要改变交友方式是因为她很难和老朋友保持联系。故选D。 √ 5．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Shasta Nelson’s words in Paragraph 2? A．To discuss why people are often rejected. B．To encourage people to be open to new friends. C．To explain why people find it hard to make new friends. D．To prove that friendships are important in people’s lives. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“First, consider what’s keeping you from expanding (拓展) your friendships. ‘We can give it different names, like the fear of not being liked, or the fear of doing it wrong, or the fear of being judged，’says Shasta Nelson, a friendship expert. ‘ Underneath all of that is the fear of being rejected (拒绝). ’”可推知，作者提到Shasta Nelson的话是为了解释我们为什么很难交到新朋友。故选C。 √ 6．What can people do with Meetup? A．Make online friends with similar interests. B．Learn how to get along well with others. C．Develop various new hobbies. D．Catch up with old friends. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“If you’re looking for someone online who shares your interest like hiking, the app Meetup may be a perfect choice for you. ”可知，人们可以用Meetup应用程序结交拥有共同爱好的人。故选A。 √ 7．What does the underlined word “cloud” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Form. B．Accept. C．Test. D．Confuse. 词义猜测题。根据画线单词上一句“If you don’t think you know enough about them, keep your friendship online until you feel more comfortable getting together. ”可知，作者建议要足够了解网友再线下见面，不要让交友的冲动模糊了你的判断。由此可知，画线单词cloud意为“使模糊”，与D项confuse意思相近。故选D。 √ Ⅱ．阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2024·福建三明阶段练习) When communicating with others, we often focus on what we should say. 　1　 Listening well means not just understanding the words or the information being communicated, but also understanding the emotions the speaker is trying to convey. The following are tips for becoming an active listener. Focus fully on the speaker. You can’t listen in an active way if you’re constantly checking your phone. 　2　 You need to stay focused on the moment-to-moment experience in order to pick up the important nonverbal cues in a conversation. If you find it hard to concentrate on some speakers, try repeating their words over in your head—it’ll reinforce their message and help you stay focused. Display your interest in what’s being said by using body language. Nod occasionally, smile at the person, and make sure your posture is open and inviting. 　3　. Avoid interrupting or trying to redirect the conversation to your concerns by saying something like, “you think that’s bad, let me tell you what happened to me. ” 　4　 You can’t concentrate on what someone’s saying if you’re forming what you’re going to say next. Often, the speaker can read your facial expressions and know that your mind’s elsewhere. 　5　 In order to communicate effectively with someone, you don’t have to like them or agree with their ideas, values or opinions. However, you do need to set aside your judgement and hold back blame and criticism in order to fully understand them. The most difficult communication, when successfully performed, can often lead to an unlikely connection with someone. A．Try to set aside judgement. B．Be aware of individual differences. C．It will make you feel more self-confident. D．Listening is not the same as waiting for your turn to talk. E．Encourage the speaker to continue with “yes”or “uh huh”． F．Thinking about something else also implies you are not an active listener. G．However, effective communication is less about talking and more about listening. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成为积极倾听者的一些技巧。 When communicating with others, we often focus on what we should say. ________________________________________________________________________ Listening well means not just understanding the words or the information being communicated, but also understanding the emotions the speaker is trying to convey. The following are tips for becoming an active listener. G．However, effective communication is less about talking and more about listening. 由上文“When communicating with others, we often focus on what we should say. ”可知，交流时通常我们主要注重说，而G项“然而，有效的沟通不是谈论，而是倾听。”符合语境，其中However与上文形成转折关系，less about talking and more about listening与上文focus on what we should say形成对比。故选G项。 Focus fully on the speaker. You can’t listen in an active way if you’re constantly checking your phone. _____________________________________ _______________________________ You need to stay focused on the moment-to-moment experience in order to pick up the important nonverbal cues in a conversation. If you find it hard to concentrate on some speakers, try repeating their words over in your head—it’ll reinforce their message and help you stay focused. F．Thinking about something else also implies you are not an active listener. 由上文“Focus fully on the speaker. You can’t listen in an active way if you’re constantly checking your phone. ”可知，这里主要讲看手机会让你无法集中注意力听说话者说什么。而F项“思考其他事情也意味着你不是一个积极的倾听者。”符合语境，其中also有承上作用，本句说明另一种不是一个积极的倾听者的情况。故选F项。 Display your interest in what’s being said by using body language. Nod occasionally, smile at the person, and make sure your posture is open and inviting. ________________________________________________________ E．Encourage the speaker to continue with “yes”or “uh huh”. 由上文“Display your interest in what’s being said by using body language. Nod occasionally, smile at the person, and make sure your posture is open and inviting. ”可知，这里主要讲用肢体语言表示对所说内容的兴趣，而E项“用‘是’或‘嗯哼’鼓励说话者继续说。”符合语境，其中with “yes” or “uh huh”与上文Display your interest对应，有承上作用。故选E项。 Avoid interrupting or trying to redirect the conversation to your concerns by saying something like, “you think that’s bad, let me tell you what happened to me. ” ____________________________________________________ You can’t concentrate on what someone’s saying if you’re forming what you’re going to say next. Often, the speaker can read your facial expressions and know that your mind’s elsewhere. D．Listening is not the same as waiting for your turn to talk. 由下文“You can’t concentrate on what someone’s saying if you’re forming what you’re going to say next. ”可知，在听别人讲话时需要专心，不应该想接下来你要说话的内容。而D项“倾听和等待轮到你说话是不一样的。”符合语境，其中Listening与下文what someone’s saying对应， your turn to talk与下文what you’re going to say next对应。故选D项。 ____________________________ In order to communicate effectively with someone, you don’t have to like them or agree with their ideas, values or opinions. However, you do need to set aside your judgement and hold back blame and criticism in order to fully understand them. The most difficult communication, when successfully performed, can often lead to an unlikely connection with someone. A．Try to set aside judgement. 由下文“In order to communicate effectively with someone, you don’t… can often lead to an unlikely connection with someone. ”可知，这里主要讲沟通时需要抛开你的判断，克制指责和批评，以便充分理解他们。而A项“试着把判断放在一边。”符合语境，对下文有总结概括作用，且set aside judgement与下文set aside your judgement对应。故选A项。 Ⅲ．完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2024·甘肃甘南高二期中) On little Connor Crites’s very first day at elementary school, something unbelievable happened. The young boy, who has autism (孤独症), found the 　1　 school day unbearable. Connor, feeling distressed, curled up (蜷缩) in a 　2　, shedding tears instead of communicating with others. 　3　, the day took an unexpectedly heart-warming turn, making Connor 　4　 the school with confidence, all thanks to a newfound friend. The friend was Christian Moore, a second-grade student with a 　5　 heart. Christian noticed Connor’s struggle, so he 　6　 the teary-eyed youngster and offered him 　7　. With his compassionate gesture, Christian took Connor’s hand and led the way into the 　8　. Right there and then, the bond between them formed 　9　 and turned them into best friends. Christian’s mom, Courtney, witnessed the 　10　 scene and was deeply moved by her son’s act of kindness. She captured the heart-warming 　11　 in a photograph. Touched by the gesture, she shared the picture on the social media with high hopes of 　12　 others, especially kids. This heart-warming incident is a perfect 　13　 that extends beyond Connor and Christian. It 　14　 a good lesson for everyone. The story of the two young friends is a perfect example of kindness, teaching us that compassion knows no 　15　. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了患有自闭症的小男孩Connor Crites上学第一天感到非常痛苦，多亏了善良的男孩Christian Moore的安慰，他才顺利度过学校生活并和Christian成为最好的朋友，Christian的妈妈记录下这感人的一幕，这件事教会我们同情无边界。 1．A．initial B．special C．regular D．national 根据上文“On little Connor Crites’s very first day at elementary school”可知，这是Connor Crites上学第一天，故选A。 √ 2．A．shelter B．room C．corner D．gym √ 根据语境及“shedding tears instead of communicating with others”可知，Connor感到痛苦，蜷缩在角落里，不与他人交流，故选C。 3．A．Otherwise B．However C．Therefore D．Instead 根据上文“Connor, feeling distressed”可知，Connor感到痛苦，并根据下文“the day took an unexpectedly heart-warming turn”可知，这天发生了转变，上下文是转折关系，故选B。 √ 4．A．analyse B．preserve C．quit D．enter √ 文章首句“On little Connor Crites’s very first day at elementary school”提到Connor上学第一天，结合空后“with confidence”可知，此处指Connor带着自信进入学校。故选D。 5．A．delicate B．strong C．kind D．normal 根据下文“With his compassionate gesture, Christian took Connor’s hand…”可知，Christian满怀同情地拉着Connor的手，是一位善良的孩子，第三段中“her son’s act of kindness”也提到Christian Moore的善举，故选C。 √ 6．A．adopted B．approached C．found D．resisted 根据语境及下文“offered him ______”可知，Christian应是先靠近，然后安慰，故选B。 √ 7．A．comfort B．confidence C．generosity D．solution √ 根据语境及“With his compassionate gesture, Christian took Connor’s hand”可知，Connor感到非常痛苦，Christian拉起他的手，故此处指安慰他，故选A。 8．A．avenue B．street C．future D．school 根据语境及上文可知，Connor第一天上学，故此处指Christian拉着Connor的手，领着他进入学校，故选D。 √ 9．A．officially B．frequently C．instantly D．creatively √ 结合空前“Right there and then”以及空后“turned them into best friends”可知，就在那一刻他们立刻建立了友谊，成为了最好的朋友，故选C。 10．A．satisfying B．touching C．annoying D．thrilling 根据“was deeply moved by her son’s act of kindness”可知，此处指Courtney目睹了这感人的一幕，被深深感动，故选B。 √ 11．A．encounter B．honour C．effect D．context √ 根据语境及上文“all thanks to a newfound friend”可知，Christian和Connor是新交的朋友，故此处指他们的相遇，故选A。 12．A．striking B．relating C．inspiring D．attracting 根据最后一段中“The story of the two young friends is a perfect example of kindness, teaching us”可知，她在社交媒体上分享了这张照片，希望能激励其他人，故选C。 √ 13．A．lesson B．behavior C．judgement D．chance √ 根据下文“a good lesson for everyone”可知，此处是lesson词汇复现，故选A。 14．A．points out B．accounts for C．refers to D．serves as 根据下文“teaching us”可知，此处指这件事给人以启示，故此处指“这对每个人来说都是一个很好的教训”，故选D。 √ 15．A．symbols B．boundaries C．factors D．systems √ 根据上文内容以及“a perfect example of kindness”可知，二年级的Christian帮助上学第一天的Connor，这个故事告诉我们同情是没有边界的，故选B。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $$