专题03 选词填空15篇（上海市高考模拟真题）（第一期）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(上海专用)

专题03 选词填空15篇(上海市高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 （2024·上海浦东新·一模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accompany B．alternative C． diverse D．doubt E. predictable F. reflecting G. reframe H. reportedly I. seeking J. socially K. undesirable Voice changes as you age Do you sound...old? As we age, reductions in muscles and changes in the position you sit or stand make it harder to produce the same sounds that came easily in the past. Actually, many of the inconveniences that 1 aging can damage the voice. If you’ve noticed your voice changing as you age, you’re not alone. Up to one in three older adults 2 experiences a change in “normal voice quality.” Treatments that preserve or improve vocal (嗓音的) function for aging adults are highly 3 . There’s medication like hormone replacement therapy or thyroid (甲状腺) medication targeted at reducing an enlarged thyroid, which can cause vocal changes. But the front-line 4 is usually a non-invasive therapeutic approach. It is a personalized physical therapy including vocal and breathing exercises designed to maintain vocal range, preserve volume, and handle individual issues. Overall, surgery is often unnecessary for the vast majority of patients with age-related issues. Keeping active and fit as you age can preserve muscle mass, strength, and benefit the breathing system. Voice experts further stress the importance of nutrition and hydration (水化作用), suggesting older adults drink plenty of water, adopt healthy diets and use steam generators at home. While researchers may 5 the role that various factors play in voice preservation, they agree that quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of developing age-related voice disorders. What is noteworthy is that 6 voice changes will cause other health concerns. If older adults are feeling like their voice is changing, and it’s impacting their ability to engage in personal and professional growth, or interpersonal communication, they can start to withdraw 7 and become depressed. Researchers are increasingly trying to 8 many “disorders” of the aging voice as a natural part of aging. Thus, it’s crucial for older adults to recognize that these changes are inevitable, 9 the passage of time. Besides medical interventions, lifestyle changes, psychological support also plays a vital role in helping older adults handle voice changes. Since age-related voice changes are inevitable, there’s no shame in 10 help. Our voice is very personal at any age. 【答案】 1．A 2．H 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．K 7．J 8．G 9．F 10．I 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着年龄的增长，肌肉的萎缩和你坐或站的姿势的改变会让你更难发出过去很容易发出的声音。据报道，多达三分之一的老年人会经历“正常语音质量”的变化。由于与年龄有关的声音变化是不可避免的，所以寻求帮助并不可耻。 1．考查动词。句意：事实上，伴随年龄的增长，许多麻烦都会损害声音。根据“aging”以及句意“伴随”可知应用动词accompany，作从句谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，且谓语与先行词inconveniences保持一致，用原形形式。故选A。 2．考查副词。句意：据报道，多达三分之一的老年人会经历“正常语音质量”的变化。根据“experiences a change in “normal voice quality.””以及句意“据报道”可知应用副词reportedly，修饰动词experiences。故选H。 3．考查形容词。句意：保护或改善老年人嗓音功能的治疗方法多种多样。根据“There’s medication like hormone replacement therapy or thyroid medication targeted at reducing an enlarged thyroid, which can cause vocal changes.(有一些药物，如激素替代疗法或甲状腺药物，旨在减少甲状腺肿大，这可能导致声音变化)”以及句意“多种多样”可知应用形容词diverse，作表语。故选C。 4．考查名词。句意：但一线的替代方案通常是一种非侵入性治疗方法。根据“There’s medication like hormone replacement therapy or thyroid medication targeted at reducing an enlarged thyroid, which can cause vocal changes.(有一些药物，如激素替代疗法或甲状腺药物，旨在减少甲状腺肿大，这可能导致声音变化)”、“is usually a non-invasive therapeutic approach”以及句意“替代方案”可知应用名词alternative，作主语，此处为特指用单数。故选B。 5．考查动词。句意：虽然研究人员可能会怀疑各种因素在声音保护中所起的作用，但他们一致认为戒烟可以显著降低患与年龄相关的声音障碍的风险。根据“the role that various factors play in voice preservation”以及句意“怀疑”可知应用动词doubt，作谓语，且may后跟动词原形。故选D。 6．考查形容词。句意：值得注意的是，不受欢迎的声音变化会引起其他健康问题。根据“will cause other health concerns”以及句意“不受欢迎的”可知应用形容词undesirable，修饰名词changes。故选K。 7．考查副词。句意：如果老年人感觉自己的声音在变化，这会影响他们参与个人和职业成长或人际交往的能力，他们可能会开始在社交上退缩并变得抑郁。根据“it’s impacting their ability to engage in personal and professional growth, or interpersonal communication”以及句意“在社交上”可知应用副词socially，修饰动词withdraw。故选J。 8．考查动词。句意：研究人员正越来越多地试图将衰老声音的许多“失调”重新定义为衰老的自然部分。根据“many “disorders” of the aging voice as a natural part of aging”以及句意“重新定义”可知应用动词reframe，与空前的to构成动词不定式作宾语。故选G。 9．考查动词。句意：因此，老年人必须认识到这些变化是不可避免的，这反映了时间的流逝。根据“the passage of time”以及句意“反映”可知应用现在分词reflecting，作状语，故选F。 10．考查动词。句意：由于与年龄有关的声音变化是不可避免的，所以寻求帮助并不可耻。根据“Since age-related voice changes are inevitable”、“help”以及句意“寻求”可知应用动词seek，作介词的宾语用动名词。故选I。 （2024·上海宝山·一模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．available   B．informed    C． movement     D．generate    E. tourism   F. digitally G. prevent    H. marketing    I. comfort       J. vividly      K. inaccessible Have you ever longed to take a trip, but you just don’t have the time or the financial resources? If so, consider touring via virtual reality (VR), which has embraced (拥抱) 1 with open arms. This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys. An AI tour is cost-effective and allows you to see the world without leaving the 2 of your living room. You might argue that you don’t have a VR headset (头戴装置), but no matter. Two travel styles are 3 : monoscopic and stereoscopic. Monoscopic VR videos can be viewed on a mobile phone or a computer. By clicking on or dragging across the screen to change the field of view, you are able to explore an entire area. Stereoscopic VR videos use VR headsets that make you feel as if you were actually present at a destination. The software in the headsets tracks your head 4 , so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way. No matter which method you choose to “travel,” these virtual travel experiences aim to give you a credible experience. Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can’t, you can virtually preview a place and make more 5 decisions about it. You’re able to clearly see the exact location of a hotel or the distance from it to surrounding attractions. Make no mistake, travel agencies, hotels and destination 6 organizations are using this tool to their advantage. By creating virtual experiences, businesses can dazzle (使赞叹) their audience and 7 interest in specific destinations or accommodations. VR in tourism goes beyond leisure; it also plays a vital role in education and cultural preservation. By 8 documenting, storing and sharing its information, the nonprofit CyArk is aiding in the preservation of endangered cultural heritage sites through VR exploration. To foster a broader understanding of the world, students can now take virtual field trips to formerly 9 historical sites and cultural landmarks. People with accessibility challenges, such as those with physical disabilities or health concerns that 10 their travel, will enjoy the inclusive approach VR provides. Literally anyone can now experience an adventure, virtually! Whether you’re unable to travel, don’t have enough money or prefer to be an armchair traveler, you can still explore the world. 【答案】 1．E 2．I 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．H 7．D 8．F 9．K 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟现实(VR)技术在旅游领域的应用，包括其如何打破地理障碍，提供独特的旅行体验，以及在教育和文化保护方面的重要作用。 1．考查名词。句意：如果是这样，考虑通过虚拟现实(VR)进行旅行，它已经热情地拥抱了旅游业。根据后文“This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations”可知，这种创新技术正在重塑人们体验旅行目的地的方式，即虚拟现实已与“旅游业”相结合，用名词tourism作宾语。故选E项。 2．考查名词。句意：AI旅游成本效益高，而且让你无需离开客厅的舒适环境就能看到世界。根据后文“your living room”可知，通过虚拟现实进行旅行无需离开客厅的“舒适”环境，用名词comfort作宾语。故选I项。 3．考查形容词。句意：有两种旅行方式是可用的：单眼和双眼。根据后文“monoscopic and stereoscopic”和相关说明可知，有两种观看VR视频的方式“可用”，用形容词available作表语。故选A项。 4．考查名词。句意：头戴设备中的软件会追踪你的头部动作，所以只需转动头部，你就可以以更逼真的方式探索每个新场景。根据后文“so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way”可知，只需转动头部，就可以探索每个新场景，说明软件会追踪你的头部“动作”，用名词movement作宾语。故选C项。 5．考查形容词。句意：除了察看你可能想去但去不了的地方，你还可以虚拟地预览一个地方，并对它做出更明智的决定。根据前文“you can virtually preview a place”可知，可以先虚拟预览一个地方，再作出明智的决定，用形容词informed作定语，意为“有依据的，明智的”。故选B项。 6．考查名词。句意：毫无疑问，旅行社、酒店和目的地营销机构正在利用这一工具为他们谋利。根据前文“travel agencies, hotels and...”可知，此处列举的是与旅游相关的机构或组织，结合选项可知，用名词marketing作定语，意为“营销”；destination marketing organizations“旅行目的地营销机构”。故选H项。 7．考查动词。句意：通过创造虚拟体验，企业可以让他们的观众惊叹，并对特定的目的地或住宿产生兴趣。根据前文“By creating virtual experiences, businesses can dazzle (使赞叹) their audience”可知，通虚拟体验让观众惊叹，进而对特定的目的地或住宿“产生”兴趣，用动词generate作并列谓语，在情态动词can后用原形。故选D项。 8．考查副词。句意：通过数字化记录、存储和共享其信息，非营利组织CyArk正在通过VR探索帮助保护濒危的文化遗产地。根据后文“documenting, storing and sharing its information”可知，此处是指VR记录、存储和共享信息的方式，即“数字化地”也记录，用副词digitally修饰动词，作状语。故选F项。 9．考查形容词。句意：为了培养对世界更广泛的理解，学生现在可以通过虚拟实地考察以前无法到达的历史遗址和文化地标。根据前文“Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can’t”可知，通过虚拟实地考察，现在可以去到以前“无法到达的”地方，用形容词inaccessible作定语，修饰名词词组historical sites and cultural landmarks。故选K项。 10．考查动词。句意：有行动障碍的人，如身体残疾或健康问题阻碍他们旅行的人，将享受VR提供的包容性方法。根据前文“People with accessibility challenges, such as those with physical disabilities or health concerns”可知，行动障碍会“阻碍”出行，用动词prevent作谓语。故选G项。 （2024·上海崇明·一模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.   A．appealing B．attainable C． basically D．dramatically E. freedom F. kicks G. minimum H. prioritizes I. submits J. underlying K. withdrawal FIRE Movement: Financial Independence, Retire Early Many Americans are taking early retirement into their own hands by joining the FIRE movement, but it’s not for everyone. “Financial Independence, Retire Early” (FIRE) is a lifestyle movement that 1 extreme saving and investing to be able to retire earlier than traditional methods might allow. The goal of FIRE is to achieve financial 2 so investors can choose how to spend their time. “The concept of the movement is 3 having the financial flexibility to have the ultimate life flexibility,” says Rachael Burns, a financial planner at True Worth Financial Planning, based in Folsom, California. A NerdWallet survey found that of Americans who aren’t retired yet but plan to retire, 25% want to retire before age 50 and 18% want to retire in their 50s. The average age was 57, 10 years earlier than the full retirement age to get Social Security. People who use FIRE to retire early do so by 4 reducing their expenses, looking for ways to increase their income, and investing the money they save in a mix of tax-advantaged accounts as well as regular brokerage (佣金) accounts. Retiring early might sound 5 , but there are risks, and it’s not for everyone. For instance, if you stop working, you’ll have to be responsible for your own medical expenses until Medicare 6 in around age 65, and your investments may not perform as well as you thought. Either one of those situations could have consequences such as having to raise your 7 rate or needing to re-enter the workforce. FIRE also requires cutting down expenses to the bare 8 so you have more income to invest, which not everyone can afford. “FIRE is a long-term strategy, and you can’t be too reactive to short-term economic events,” Burns said. “You may need to adjust spending or saving in certain years based on market events, but the 9 strategy should stay the same.” If you don’t earn enough to cover your basic needs and save greatly for early retirement at the same time, FIRE may not be for you, Burns says. Lacking an emergency fund or owing high-interest debt may be other reasons that FIRE may not be 10 . 【答案】 1．H 2．E 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．F 7．K 8．G 9．J 10．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了FIRE运动：“经济独立，提前退休”这一社会现象。 1．考查动词。句意：“财务独立，早退休”（FIRE）是一种生活方式运动，它优先考虑极端储蓄和投资，以便能够比传统方式更早退休。分析句子可知，此处为that引导定语从句中谓语动词的填入，prioritizes“优先考虑”为动词，符合句意。故选H项。 2．考查名词。句意：FIRE的目标是实现财务自由，这样投资者就可以选择如何度过他们的时间。分析句子可知，空前为形容词financial，此处为名词形式作achieve的宾语成分，freedom“自由”为名词，符合句意。故选E项。 3．考查副词。句意：“这个运动的概念基本上是通过财务灵活性来实现终极生活灵活性，”位于加利福尼亚州福尔瑟姆的True Worth financial Planning的理财规划师瑞秋·伯恩斯（Rachael Burns）说。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词is having，basically“基本上”为副词，符合句意。故选C项。 4．考查副词。句意：使用FIRE提前退休的人会大幅削减开支，寻找增加收入的方法，并将储蓄的钱投资于税收优惠账户和常规经纪账户。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词reducing，dramatically“明显地，大幅度地”为副词，符合句意。故选D项。 5．考查形容词。句意：提前退休听起来很有吸引力，但也有风险，并不是每个人都适合。分析句子可知，空前sound为系动词，此处为形容词作表语，appealing“吸引人的”为形容词，符合句意。故选A项。 6．考查动词。句意：例如，如果你停止工作，你将不得不为自己的医疗费用负责，直到65岁左右的医疗保险开始生效，你的投资可能没有你想象的那么好。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语作谓语成分，kick in“开始生效”为动词短语，符合句意。故选F项。 7．考查名词。句意：这些情况中的任何一种都可能产生诸如不得不提高提款率或需要重新进入劳动力市场等后果。分析句子可知，空前your为形容词性物主代词，此处为名词和空后的rate 构成名词短语作raise的宾语成分，withdrawal rate“提款率”，符合句意。故选K项。 8．考查名词。句意：FIRE还需要把开支削减到最低限度，这样你就有更多的收入来投资，这不是每个人都能负担得起的。分析句子可知，空前为定冠词the，此处为名词形式，minimum“最低限度”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。 9．考查形容词。句意：在某些年份，你可能需要根据市场事件调整支出或储蓄，但基本策略应该保持不变。分析句子可知，空后strategy为名词，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词，underlying“根本的，基本的”为形容词，符合句意。故选J项。 10．考查形容词。句意：缺乏应急基金或欠高息债务可能是FIRE无法实现的其他原因。分析句子可知，空前be为系动词，此处为形容词作表语，attainable“可以实现的”形容词，符合句意。故选B项。 （2024·上海闵行·一模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．display       B．features     C． home       D．peak     E. timing      F. mass      G. equivalent    H. favor       I. extensive     J. upsets    K. distinction The Atacama Desert stretches along the coast of northern Chile, covering over 40,000 square miles of dry land. It has a reputation as the harshest desert in the world, although that 1 technically belongs to the Antarctica desert. In fact, some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded rainfall. Despite the severe conditions, the Atacama Desert is 2 to a surprising number of plant species, many of which have evolved to survive long periods of drought. These flowers lie inactive, coming to life in a breathtaking 3 that can stretch across thousands of square kilometers when conditions are favorable. This phenomenon is called a desert bloom. It occurs when infrequent rains cause a(n) 4 growth of seeds that have lain inactive in the soil for years. These seeds are capable of resisting extreme heat and extended dryness. The current flowering isn’t yet 5 enough to be regarded as a desert bloom, covering only a few hundred square kilometers. But here’s the strange thing: this phenomenon usually happens in the spring. Now, in Chile, it’s winter —— so it’s unusually early for something like this to happen. El Niño, a natural climate phenomenon that influences global weather, often plays a crucial role in the desert bloom. However, it is not yet confirmed whether it is to blame for the 6 of this bloom. This phenomenon 7 normal weather patterns, regularly bringing increased rainfall to regions that are typically dry. In the case of the Atacama desert, it can lead to occasional but significant rain events, which creates the perfect conditions for a desert bloom. The desert bloom 8 a collection of native flowers, each of which has adapted itself uniquely to the harsh environment. The current event, however, seems to 9 a specific purple flower that doesn’t need a lot of water and grows in sandy sites. At its 10 , a desert bloom can include up to 200 species, showcasing the toughness of life in this unpleasant environment. 【答案】 1．K 2．C 3．A 4．F 5．I 6．E 7．J 8．B 9．H 10．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了阿塔卡马沙漠这一地理现象，包括其作为世界上最严酷沙漠的声誉（尽管技术上这一称号属于南极洲沙漠）、其极端的气候条件、以及在这些条件下仍然能够生长的植物种类。 1．考查名词。句意：它以世界上最严酷的沙漠而闻名，尽管严格来说，这一殊荣属于南极洲沙漠。本句是although引导的让步状语从句，从句缺少主语，所以空处应填名词作主语，根据句意，应是distinction意为“荣誉”符合语境。故选K项。 2．考查副词。句意：尽管条件恶劣，阿塔卡马沙漠仍然是数量惊人的植物物种的家园，其中许多物种已经进化到能够在长期干旱中生存。根据句意，此处表达“沙漠仍然是数量惊人的植物物种的家园”之意，所以此处用固定搭配：be home to意为“为……的所在地”符合语境。故选C项。 3．考查名词。句意：这些花处于静止状态，当条件有利时，它们会在数千平方公里的地方绽放出令人惊叹的生命。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是display意为“表现”符合语境。故选A项。 4．考查形容词。句意：当罕见的降雨导致在土壤中休眠多年的种子大量生长时，就会发生这种情况。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是mass意为“数量极多的”符合语境。故选F项。 5．考查形容词。句意：目前的开花还不够广泛，不足以被视为沙漠开花，仅覆盖了几百平方公里。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意，应是extensive意为“广泛的”符合语境。故选I项。 6．考查名词。句意：然而，目前还不能确定这是否是这次开花时间的罪魁祸首。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是timing意为“时间的选择”符合语境。故选E项。 7．考查动词。句意：这种现象扰乱了正常的天气模式，经常给通常干旱的地区带来降雨增加。本句缺少谓语，空处应填动词，根据句意，应是upset意为“打乱”符合语境，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故选J项。 8．考查动词。句意：沙漠开花的特点是当地的花朵，每一个都适应了自己独特的恶劣环境。本句缺少谓语，空处应填动词，根据句意，应是feature意为“以……为特色”符合语境，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故选B项。 9．考查动词。句意：然而，目前的事件似乎有利于一种特殊的紫色花，这种花不需要大量的水，生长在多沙的地方。空前的to是不定式的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，应是favor意为“有利于”符合语境。故选H项。 10．考查名词。句意：在其鼎盛时期，沙漠开花可以包括多达200个物种，展示了在这种不愉快的环境中生活的韧性。空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是peak意为“顶峰”符合语境。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·上海杨浦·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．energy B．choking C． conditional D．sandwiching E. primitively F. episode G. mean H. disproportionately I. spot J. intensified K. assured Tackle Christmas Conflicts Many of us experience pressure to look after others’ desires during Christmas to maintain peace. This pressure increases 1 when we strive to make everyone happy, a behavior recognized as “people pleasing”, which often comes from childhood experiences where a parent’s love was 2 or emotionally inconsistent. People pleasing becomes noticeable during the festive season when spending more time with family. Helen Snape, a healthy relationship coach says that there are signs to help easily 3 people pleasing. Some common signs include over-committing, avoiding conflict, and taking blame. Most people pleasers are deeply caring people. “They often make great team players, can read the 4 of a room, and are excellent at putting other people at ease,” explains Snape. However, the tendency to please can lead to unbalanced and draining relationships, over-work, and being taken advantage of. And these stresses only get 5 over the festive season. In order to avoid getting sucked into a(n) 6 that you’ll later hate, you must identify and communicate your boundaries in advance, advises Snape. For people pleasers, this is hard to do, because they worry it could make the family atmosphere feel oppressive or 7 . Snape advises you remember that, by setting boundaries, you aren’t being 8 ; you are actually helping the other person understand what you need, which in the long run will allow that relationship to continue in a healthy way. “It’s going to feel uncomfortable setting those limits, but you can be well 9 that the discomfort is temporary and you will live through it,” Snape says. She recommends managing that emotional discomfort by 10 it between two regulating activities like nature walks, calming music, or talking with friends. Remember, prioritizing your needs enables healthier, happier holidays. 【答案】 1．H 2．C 3．I 4．A 5．J 6．F 7．B 8．G 9．K 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们中的许多人都面临着在节日期间为取悦他人而产生的压力。人际关系教练Helen Snape提出了一些建议来缓解压力。 1．考查副词。句意：当我们努力让每个人都快乐时，这种压力就会不成比例地增加，这种行为被认为是“取悦他人”，这种行为通常来自童年经历，即父母的爱是有条件的或情感上不一致的。此处应用副词修饰动词increases，作状语，根据句意可知，此处表示“不成比例地”应用副词disproportionately，故选H。 2．考查形容词。句意：当我们努力让每个人都快乐时，这种压力就会不成比例地增加，这种行为被认为是“取悦他人”，这种行为通常来自童年经历，即父母的爱是有条件的或情感上不一致的。此处应用形容词作表语，根据句意和下文“emotionally inconsistent”可知，此处表示父母的爱是有条件的，“有条件的”，应用形容词conditional，故选C。 3．考查动词。句意：海伦·斯内普（Helen Snape）是一位健康的人际关系教练，她表示，有一些迹象可以帮助您轻松发现取悦他人的人。help sb. do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，此处应用动词原形，根据句意和上文“there are signs to help easily”可知，有一些迹象帮助人们轻松发现那些取悦他人的人，“发现”为动词spot，故选I。 4．考查名词。句意：“他们往往是优秀的团队合作者，能够解读房间的活力，并且非常擅长让其他人放松，”斯内普解释道。此处应用名词作宾语，根据句意可知，表示“活力”，应用名词energy，故选A。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些压力只会在节日期间变得更加严重。上文“People pleasing becomes noticeable during the festive season when spending more time with family.”提到在节日期间，那些取悦他人的人们在取悦他人方面会格外明显可知，这种取悦他人的压力在节日期间变得更加强烈，get intensified意为“变得强烈”，故选J。 6．考查名词。句意：斯内普建议，为了避免陷入你以后讨厌的经历，你必须提前确定并传达你的界限。此处应用名词作宾语，由a可知，应用名词单数，根据句意可知，此处表示“一段时间；一段经历”，应用名词episode，故选F。 7．考查形容词。句意：对于讨好他人的人来说，这是很难做到的，因为他们担心这会让家庭气氛感到压抑或窒息。此处应用形容词作表语，根据句意可知，此处表示“令人窒息的”应用形容词choking，故选B。 8．考查形容词。句意：斯内普建议你记住，设定界限并不是刻薄；你实际上是在帮助对方了解你的需求，从长远来看，这将使这种关系以健康的方式持续下去。此处应用形容词作表语，根据句意可知，表示“刻薄的”，为形容词mean，故选G。 9．考查形容词。句意：“设置这些限制会让人感到不舒服，但你可以放心，这种不舒服是暂时的，你会挺过去的，”斯内普说。此处应用形容词作表语，表示“确定的”，应用形容词assured。故选K。 10．考查动词。句意：她建议通过在大自然中散步、平静的音乐或与朋友交谈等两项调节活动中来控制这种情绪不适。根据句意可知，此处表示将调节这种不适夹在两项调节活动之间，即通过调节两项活动来缓解这种不适，表示“把……夹在……之间”，为动词sandwich，由by可知，应用动名词作宾语，故选D。 （24-25高三上·上海松江·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．admission     B．broad       C． comfortably    D．decoded      E. forerunner        F. hardly  G. replaced     H. risky          I. spread        J. subjects       K. switches More Than a Popularizer Certain creative works possess such an endless ability to bounce that they become fixed in the culture. One such book is Malcolm Gladwell’s The Tipping Point. Published more than two decades ago, it dug into a (n) 1 range of topics, from crime rates in New York to shoe sales, all from the perspectives of epidemiology (流行病学). “Ideas and products and messages and behaviors 2 just like viruses do,” he wrote. Gladwell presented his readers with a series of stories, mysteries and puzzles, and then 3 them, revealing his workings in a cheerful and confident narrative (描述性的) voice. Listen to me, he seemed to whisper to his readers, and I will show you the hidden workings of society, and how you, as an individual, can influence or “tip” the trends that shape it. Almost 25 years and six books later, he wrote a follow-up, Revenge of the Tipping Point, which is like its 4 in its self-confidence, attractiveness and clarity. However, the new book bears the mark of an author living in a country very different to the United States 25 years ago. The case studies about shoes in The Tipping Point are 5 by stories that touch on the anxieties of modern America. Many of his 6 are familiar and yet he empowers them with a new energy. In chapter five, he further explorers the question of diversity in offers from the Ivy League, 7 an underreported issue, and yet he somehow thinks from a totally different angle. Instead of examining the means by which first-class institutions keep minorities out, he reveals the ways in which Harvard, through its 8 policy for athletes, only invites rich and white applicants in. Gladwell combines viewpoints about epidemiology with the detail of a court copy or direct quotation, and 9 between different worlds, drawing comparisons and contrasts — that’s where part of his charm lies. It is an exciting technique, but it comes with 10 elements — his topics, so highly charged at an individual level, sometimes lack sympathy. 【答案】 1．B 2．I 3．D 4．E 5．G 6．J 7．F 8．A 9．K 10．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马尔科姆·格拉德威尔的《引爆点》这本书的特点。 1．考查形容词。句意：这本书出版于二十多年前，从流行病学的角度出发，深入探讨了从纽约的犯罪率到鞋子销售等一系列广泛的话题。根据“from crime rates in New York to shoe sales, all from the perspectives of epidemiology”以及句意“广泛的”可知应填形容词broad，作定语修饰名词range。故选B。 2．考查动词。句意：“想法、产品、信息和行为就像病毒一样传播，”他写道。根据“just like viruses do”以及句意“传播”可知应填动词spread，结合后文do可知为一般现在时，主语为Ideas and products and messages and behaviors，谓语用原形。故选I。 3．考查动词。句意：格拉德威尔向读者呈现了一系列的故事、谜团和谜题，然后对它们进行解码，以一种欢快而自信的叙事方式揭示了他的作品。根据“revealing his workings in a cheerful and confident narrative voice”以及句意“解码”可知应填动词decode，根据上文presented可知为一般过去时。故选D。 4．考查名词。句意：在写了近25年的6本书之后，他又写了一部续集《引爆点的复仇》，这本书在自信、吸引人和清晰方面都与先驱相似。根据“he wrote a follow-up, Revenge of the Tipping Point, which is like its”以及句意“先驱”（指《引爆点》）可知应填名词forerunner，作宾语。故选E。 5．考查动词。句意：《引爆点》中关于鞋子的案例研究被触及现代美国焦虑的故事所取代。根据“by stories that touch on the anxieties of modern America”以及句意“取代”可知应填动词replace，与主语构成被动关系，结合are可知为一般现在时的被动语态，用过去分词replaced。故选G。 6．考查名词。句意：他的许多主题都很熟悉，但他赋予他们一种新的能量。根据“he further explorers the question of diversity”以及句意“主题”可知应填复数名词subjects，作宾语。故选J。 7．考查副词。句意：在第五章中，他进一步探讨了常春藤盟校录取通知书的多样性问题，这几乎不是一个被低估的问题，但他不知怎么地从一个完全不同的角度思考。根据“and yet he somehow thinks from a totally different angle”以及句意表示“几乎不”可知应填副词hardly，故选F。 8．考查名词。句意：他没有研究一流大学如何将少数族裔拒之门外，而是揭示了哈佛如何通过其运动员录取政策，只邀请富有的白人申请者。根据“policy for athletes, only invites rich and white applicants in”以及句意“录取”可知应填名词admission，作定语修饰policy。故选A。 9．考查动词。句意：格拉德威尔将流行病学的观点与法庭副本或直接引用的细节结合起来，并在不同的世界之间切换，进行比较和对比——这就是他的魅力所在。根据“between different worlds”以及句意“切换”可知应填switch，根据上文Gladwell combines可知，一般现在时，用三单形式。故选K。 10．考查形容词。句意：这是一种令人兴奋的技巧，但也伴随着风险因素——他的主题，在个人层面上如此激烈，有时缺乏同情。根据“so highly charged at an individual level, sometimes lack sympathy”以及句意“风险”可知应填形容词risky，作定语修饰名词elements。故选H。 （2024·上海长宁·一模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adaptable  B．broadened  C． dramatically  D．handful  E. inevitably  F. likelihood  G. maintained  H. perception  I. properly  J. remarkable  K. suggested Sense of smell that seems impossible How do we smell odours (气味)? The answer is that the olfactory bulb, a structure at the front of the brain, plays a vital role in our ability to smell. Or, at least, so we thought. Researchers have now discovered a(n) 1 of women who have a perfectly normal sense of smell but who seem to lack olfactory bulbs. The team, including Tali Weiss and Noam Sobel at the Sunshine Institute of Science in U. S., say a lack of olfactory bulbs is unusual but not 2 : one in 10,000 people don’t have them, but we had believed none could smell. However, in the course of a study into possible links between ability to smell and reproduction, the team happened across a 29-year-old woman who was different: she lacked olfactory bulbs but 3 that her sense of smell remained very good. Every test the researchers threw at her 4 that she did indeed have a good ability to distinguish odours, despite lacking the olfactory bulb typically believed necessary to do so. The team 5 the scope of its investigation, and found more women like this, but no men at all. The researchers were able to estimate the 6 of being a woman who can smell normally without these brain structures to be about 0.6 per cent. Strangely, the probability of this happening is raised 7 in left-handed women. Among people who are left-handed, women who lack olfactory bulbs have a roughly 4 per cent chance of still being able to smell 8 . Sobel says this may be further proof as to how 9 the brain is: if it lacks olfactory bulbs, it can recognise itself so other brain regions take on the task of odour 10 . Alternatively, the discoveries might hint that we know less about our ability to smell than we thought. 【答案】 1．D 2．J 3．G 4．K 5．B 6．F 7．C 8．I 9．A 10．H 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关嗅觉的新发现。原本人们认为位于大脑前部的嗅球在人类的嗅觉能力中起着至关重要的作用，但研究人员发现了少量女性虽然没有嗅球，却有着完全正常的嗅觉。 1．考查名词。句意：研究人员现在发现了一组嗅觉完全正常但似乎缺乏嗅球的女性。分析句子可知，此空可填名词，handful ，表“少数”，“a handful of” 表示 “少量的，几个”，符合句意。故选D项。 2．考查形容词。句意：该团队，包括美国阳光科学研究所的Tali Weiss和Noam Sobel，表示嗅球的缺失是不寻常的，但并不显著：每10000人中就有一人没有嗅球，但我们曾认为没有嗅球的人不能闻到气味。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作表语，remarkable，表“显著的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选J项。 3．考查动词。句意：然而，在一项关于嗅觉和生殖能力之间可能联系的研究过程中，研究小组遇到了一名29岁的女性，她与众不同：她缺乏嗅球，但坚称自己的嗅觉仍然非常好。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与前面保持一致用一般过去时，maintained，表“断言”，为maintain的过去式，符合句意。故选G项。 4．考查动词。句意：研究人员对她的每一项测试都表明，她确实有很好的辨别气味的能力，尽管她缺乏通常认为必要的嗅球。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与后面保持一致用一般过去时，suggested，表“表明”，为suggest的过去式，符合句意。故选K项。 5．考查动词。句意：该团队扩大了调查范围，发现了更多这样的女性，但根本没有男性。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，且时态与前面保持一致用一般过去时，broadened ，表“扩大”，为broaden的过去式，符合句意。故选B项。 6．考查名词。句意：研究人员估计，在没有这些大脑结构的情况下，女性能够正常嗅觉的可能性约为0.6%。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作宾语，likelihood，表“可能性”，为名词，符合句意。故选F项。 7．考查副词。句意：奇怪的是，左撇子女性发生这种情况的可能性大大增加。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语修饰前面动词，dramatically，表“显著地”，为形容词，符合句意。故选C项。 8．考查副词。句意：在左撇子中，缺乏嗅球的女性有大约4%的机会仍然能够正常嗅觉。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语修饰前面动词，properly，表“适当地”，为形容词，符合句意。故选I项。 9．考查形容词。句意：索贝尔说，这可能进一步证明了大脑的适应能力：如果它没有嗅球，它可以识别自己，这样其他大脑区域就可以承担气味感知的任务。分析句子可知，此空可填形容词作表语，adaptable，表“能适应的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选A项。 10．考查副词。句意：索贝尔说，这可能进一步证明了大脑的适应能力：如果它没有嗅球，它可以识别自己，这样其他大脑区域就可以承担气味感知的任务。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作介词宾语，perception，表“感知”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故选H项。 （24-25高三上·上海静安·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．unnoticed     B．decompose     C． estimated     D．fulfil E. replacement     F. readily     G. launch     H. ultimate I. minimize     J. hazard     K. fibers The fashion industry today is meeting with sustainability and environmental challenges. As the production of many fashion items is regarded as a(n) 1 to the environment, designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and 2 ecological footprint. Zsofia Kollar, the founder of Human Material Loop, is turning to an unexpected resource to reduce her impact — human hair. The Dutch collects hair cuttings from hairdressers and transforms them into fabric for clothes, curtains, carpets, and furniture. “Throughout history, we’ve used a variety of animal 3 in clothing, yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool, often goes 4 ,” Kollar says. “Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?” Human hair as a bio-material may seem like a strange choice, but it makes perfect sense to Kollar. The 5 available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce. Her innovation also saves thousands of tons of hair, which would otherwise 6 in rubbish landfills. More importantly, the innovation could significantly reduce the need for artificial materials, which contribute to micro-plastic pollution. Additionally, the fabric could serve as a(n) 7 for natural materials like cotton, whose production requires large quantities of water. The designer’s process involves treating the cut hair with environmentally friendly chemicals. These chemicals help clean the hair and change its property. Kollar says the final product can be colored any color, except white, and be knitted into a fabric that looks and feels like wool. “Many times if people hear the clothing material is made out of human hair, they’re like, ‘What!’” Kollar said. “But if I just show them the sample, they’re like ‘Oh, it’s cool.’” Human Material Loop, which was founded not long ago, is still in its early stages. But Kollar has already partnered with a high-end fashion label to 8 eco-friendly fashion collections. The designer’s 9 dream is to transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) 10 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually. 【答案】 1．J 2．I 3．K 4．A 5．F 6．B 7．E 8．G 9．H 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了时尚行业正面临可持续性和环境挑战，以及设计师们如何探索创新方法来减少浪费和生态足迹，其中Zsofia Kollar利用人类头发作为创新材料来减少对环境的影响。 1．考查名词。句意：由于许多时尚产品的生产被视为对环境的危害，设计师们必须探索创新的方法来减少浪费和最小化生态足迹。根据后文“designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and 2 ecological footprint”可推知，时尚产品生产被认为对环境有害，所以要探索创新的方法来减少浪费和生态足迹，用名词hazard作宾语，意为“危害”，符合语境。故选J项。 2．考查动词。句意：由于许多时尚产品的生产被视为对环境的危害，设计师们必须探索创新的方法来减少浪费和最小化生态足迹。根据前文“reduce waste”可推知，要减少浪费，要最小化生态足迹，用动词minimize意为“最小化”，用原形构成不定式短语作 ways的后置定语，符合语境。故选I项。 3．考查名词。句意：在历史上，我们在服装中使用了各种动物纤维，然而我们自己的头发，含有与羊毛相同的角蛋白，却往往被忽视。根据后文“in clothing”以及“yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool”可推知，我们在服装中使用了除自己头发外的动物纤维，用可数名词fiber作宾语，意为“纤维”，有a variety of(各种各样的)修饰，用复数形式。故选K项。 4．考查形容词。句意：在历史上，我们在服装中使用了各种动物纤维，然而我们自己的头发，含有与羊毛相同的角蛋白，却往往被忽视。根据前文“we’ve used a variety of animal 3 in clothing, yet our own hair...”和后文“Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?”可知，们的头发是被忽视的服装材料，用形容词unnoticed作表语，意为“未被注意的”，符合语境。故选A项。 5．考查副词。句意：这种很容易获得的废弃物不需要土地、水或资源来生产。根据后文“available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce”可知，头发这种废弃物是很容易获得的，用副词readily作状语，意为“容易地”，符合语境。故选F项。 6．考查动词。句意：她的创新还节省了数千吨的头发，否则这些头发将在垃圾填埋场中分解。根据后文“in rubbish landfills”可知，头发会在垃圾填埋场中分解，用动词decompose作从句谓语，意为“分解”，在助动词would后用原形。故选B项。 7．考查名词。句意：此外，这种织物可以作为棉花等天然材料的替代品，棉花的生产需要大量的水。根据下文“for natural materials like cotton”和“whose production requires large quantities of water”可知，棉花的生产需要大量的水，所以很容易获得的头发可以作为棉花的替代品，用名词replacement作宾语，意为“替代品”，符合语境。故选E项。 8．考查动词。句意：但Kollar已经与一家高端时尚品牌合作，推出环保时尚系列。根据后文“eco-friendly fashion collections”可知，Kollar推出环保时尚系列，用动词launch，意为“推出，发行”，用原形构成不定式短语。故选G项。 9．考查形容词。句意：这位设计师的最终梦想是将全球四分之一的理发店废弃物，估计有55万吨人类头发，每年转化为衣服。根据后文“dream”和“transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) 10 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually”可知，这是他的最终梦想，用形容词ultimate作定语，意为“最终的”，符合语境。故选H项。 10．考查形容词。句意：这位设计师的最终梦想是将全球四分之一的理发店废料，估计有55万吨人类头发，每年转化为衣服。根据常识和后文“550,000 tons of human hair”可知，55万吨人类头发是估计的数字，用形容词estimated作定语，意为“估计的，预计的”，符合语境。故选C项。 （24-25高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．access B．firmly C．grounded D．identity E．insistence F．locally G．luxurious H．place I．reduced J．resistant K．scale Change of heart It was October 2005. The destructive earthquake, killing some 79,000 people in Pakistan, India and Afghanistan a week earlier, had 1 the valley to mud and broken stones. Lari, Pakistan’s first female architect, was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements. Lari was once famous for designing towers of glass and concrete. Over the decades, she has been known as the “starchitect” by taking part in many commercial projects, attracted by their creative freedom, large budgets and 2 materials. According to her, “it was a very exciting feeling.” Yet she found ways to stay 3 . “I realized I was just working with rich people,” she says. She could no longer justify fashioning buildings out of unsustainable materials like mirrored glass when millions had limited 4 to housing and even water. That’s why she decided to move on. And here, in this disaster-stricken area, she’d be drawing plans to make homes 5 to earthquakes, using stone and timber debris (木材碎片). Pakistan’s location and environment 6 it within the top ten countries most impacted by climate change even though the country itself emits (散发) less than 1% of global greenhouse gases. Ironically, rebuilding projects funded by governments tend to use concrete and many other expensive, non-local building supplies. In contrast, Lari’s shelters, inspired by traditional designs and made with sustainable materials which can be sourced 7 , such as bamboo, stand up to disasters better. Lari’s 8 on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet. She says about 60,000 zero-carbon houses have been built since 2010. Next, she wants to 9 up and restore one million households. At age 83, Lari still often recalls of those early days. On one visit, villagers pulled out their best chairs and table. “They had lost everything,” she says, “but they covered this damaged table with a beautiful cloth. And then they served us with theirbest-known specialties: biscuits, tea and eggs.” She says she is still re-engineering her 10 -from “starchitect” to humanitarian. And doing disaster-relief work feels deeply right. 【答案】 1．I 2．G 3．C 4．A 5．J 6．H 7．F 8．E 9．K 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了巴基斯坦的女建筑师从“明星建筑师”到人道主义者的故事。 1．考查动词。句意：一周前在巴基斯坦、印度和阿富汗发生的破坏性地震造成约7.9万人死亡，并将山谷夷为平地。根据句意可知设空处是reduce意为“使变成”，和had构成过去完成时，应用过去分词，故选I。 2．考查形容词。句意：几十年来，她被称为“明星建筑师”，参与了许多商业项目，被他们的创意自由，庞大的预算和奢华的材料所吸引。根据句意可知设空处是luxurious，意为“奢华的”，修饰名词materials作定语，故选G。 3．考查形容词。句意：然而，她找到了保持脚踏实地的方法。根据句意可知设空处是grounded，意为“脚踏实地的”，作表语，故选C。 4．考查名词。句意：当数百万人无法获得住房甚至水的时候，她再也无法证明用镜面玻璃等不可持续的材料来建造建筑是合理的。根据句意可知设空处是access，意为“入口，通道”，作宾语，短语have access to意为“具有使用某物或接触某人的权利或机会”。故选A。 5．考查形容词。句意：而在这里，在这个受灾地区，她正在绘制计划，用石头和木屑建造抗震房屋。根据句意可知设空处是resistant，意为“有抵抗力的”，作定语，故选J。 6．考查动词。句意：巴基斯坦的地理位置和环境使其成为受气候变化影响最大的十个国家之一，尽管该国本身排放的温室气体不到全球的1%。根据句意可知设空处是place，意为“使处于”，作谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是 Pakistan’s location and environment，故选H。 7．考查副词。句意：相比之下，Lari的庇护所受到传统设计的启发，使用可在当地采购的可持续材料，如竹子，可以更好地抵御灾害。根据句意可知设空处是locally，意为“本地地”，修饰动词作状语，故选F。 8．考查名词。句意：Lari对低成本、零浪费和零碳建筑的坚持反映了她对地球的承诺。根据句意可知设空处是insistence，意为“坚持”，作主语，故选E。 9．考查动词。句意：接下来，她想扩大规模，恢复100万户家庭。 根据句意可知设空处是scale，和up构成短语scale up，意为“增加，提高”，故选K。 10．考查名词。句意：她说，她仍在重新塑造自己的身份——从“明星建筑师”变成人道主义者。根据句意可知设空处是identity，意为“身份”，作宾语，故选D。 （2024·上海虹口·一模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．arguably    B．fed    C．match    D．corresponding    E．determine F．hint    G．implications    H．noticeably    I．self-fulfilling    J．substantial    K．tasked People Alter Their Appearance to Suit Their Names A new study has found that people tend to alter their appearance to suit their names. The researchers sought to 1 whether parents choose a baby name based on what seems fitting for the baby’s appearance, or if individuals’ facial appearances change over the years to 2 the social stereotypes(刻板印象) connected to their names. In the study, 9 - to 10-year-old children and adults were 3 with paring faces to names. The findings revealed that both the children and the adults correctly matched adult faces to their 4 names, considerably above the chance level. However, when it came to children’s faces and names, the participants were unable to make accurate associations. In another part-of the study, a machine learning system was 5 a large database of images of human faces. The computer recognized that the appearances of the faces of adults with the same name were 6 more similar to each other than the representations of faces of adults with different names On the other hand, no 7 similarity was found among children with the same name compared to children with different names. The researchers concluded that the similarity between a person’s face and their name results from a(n) 8 prediction. The facial appearance changes over a long period of time to suit social expectations attached to the name. Such stereotypes can be formed in many ways, for example, because the name is linked to a famous figure or due to the 9 of a religious name. Dr. Yonat Zwebner, Arison School of Business, Reichman University says, “Our findings 10 at the broader significance of this surprising effect— the powerful influence of social stereotypes.” 【答案】 1．E 2．C 3．K 4．D 5．B 6．H 7．J 8．I 9．G 10．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项新研究，发现人们往往会改变自己的外貌以符合自己的名字。同时研究指出人的面部与名字之间的相似性源于一种自我实现的预言，即面部外貌会随着时间的推移而改变，以适应与名字相关的社会期望。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员试图确定父母是基于婴儿的外貌选择婴儿名字，还是个人的面部外貌会随着时间的推移而改变，以符合与他们名字相关的社会刻板印象。空格处为不定式to do形式作目的状语，且空格处为谓语动词，determine意为“确定”，符合句意。故选E项。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空格处与or前的choose为并列成分，且为不定式to do形式，match意为“匹配，符合”，此处表示“符合社会刻板印象”，符合句意。故选C项。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在这项研究中，9至10岁的儿童和成年人被要求将面孔与名字配对。空格处为谓语动词，且为被动语态be done形式，task“分配任务”符合句意，be tasked with意为“被分配任务做……”，此处构成一般过去时被动语态，表示“参与者们被分配了将面孔与名字配对的任务”。故选K项。 4．考查形容词。句意：研究结果显示，儿童和成年人都正确地将成人面孔与相应的名字匹配起来，大大超过了偶然水平。空格处为形容词作定语，修饰名词names，corresponding为形容词，意为“相应的”符合句意。故选D项。 5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在研究的另一部分，一个机器学习系统被输入了一个庞大的人脸图像数据库。空格处为谓语动词，且为被动语态be done形式，feed“输入”符合句意，be fed with为固定短语，意为“被输入”，此处构成一般过去时被动语态，表示“机器学习系统被输入了庞大的人脸数据库”。故选B项。 6．考查副词。句意：计算机识别出，同名成人的面部特征明显比不同名成人的面部特征更相似。空格处为副词作状语，修饰形容词similar，noticeably意为“明显地”，此处表示“明显地相似”，符合句意。故选H项。 7．考查形容词。句意：另一方面，与名字不同的儿童相比，同名儿童之间没有发现实质性的相似性。空格处为形容词作定语，修饰名词similarity，substantial为形容词，意为“实质性的”，此处表示“实质性的相似性”，符合句意。故选J项。 8．考查形容词。句意：研究人员得出结论，一个人的面部与名字之间的相似性源于一种自我应验的预言。空格处为形容词作定语，修饰名词prediction，self-fulfilling意为“自我实现的，自我应验的”，此处表示“一种自我应验的预言”，符合句意。故选I项。 9．考查名词。句意：这种刻板印象可以通过许多方式形成，例如，因为这个名字与一个著名人物有关，或者由于一个宗教名字的含义。空格处为介词of的宾语，此处implications意为“含义”表示“一个宗教名字的含义”，符合句意。故选G项。 10．考查动词。句意：Reichman大学的阿里森商学院Yonat Zwebner博士说：“我们的发现暗示了这一惊人效应的更广泛意义——社会刻板印象的强大影响力。”空格处为谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，此处hint意为“暗示”表示“发现暗示了这一惊人效应的更广泛意义”，符合句意。故选F项。 重难语篇拔高练 （2024·上海徐汇·一模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．present   B．accomplishment   C． plug   D．household   E. defeated F. significant   G. diagnose   H. addicts   I. amateur   J. alerted   K. picture A hacker’s life Have you ever locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in? First, you get a sense of 1 in succeeding. But then comes the worrying realization that if you can break into your own place as a(n) 2 , a professional could do so five times faster. So you look at the weak point in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers conference works. Every year passionate hackers meet at DefCon in Las Vegas to 3 their knowledge and capabilities. Mention the word ‘hacker’ and many of us 4 a seventeen-year-old geek (怪人) sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US’s defence secrets in the Pentagon (五角大楼). Or we just think ‘criminals’. But that is actually a misrepresentation of what most hackers do. The activities and experiments that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. These are people who love the challenge of finding security gaps: computer 5 who can’t break the habit. They look with great care at all kinds of systems, from the Internet to mobile communications to 6 door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they are doing all of us a great service, because they pass on their findings to the industries that design these systems, which are then able to 7 the security holes. A typical example of this is when I attended a presentation on electronic door locks. Ironically, one of the most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4,000-year-old Egyptian lock. But when it came to more modern devices, the presenters revealed 8 weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks. A bio-lock that uses a fingerprint scan for entry was 9 , easily, by a paper clip. (Unfortunately, although all the manufacturers of the insecure locks were 10 not all of them responded.) 【答案】 1．B 2．I 3．A 4．K 5．H 6．D 7．C 8．F 9．E 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了DefCon黑客大会上，黑客通过挑战安全系统寻找漏洞，并向相关行业反馈以提升安全性。 1．考查名词。句意：最初，你会得到一种成功感。根据句中“locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in”可知，此处表示被锁在家外面之后破门而入，获得了成功的感觉，空处应用名词accomplishment，sense of accomplishment表示“成就感，成功感”。故选B。 2．考查名词。句意：但随后令人担忧的是，如果你能以外行的身份闯入自己的地方，那么专业人士的速度可能会快五倍。根据句中“a professional could do so five times faster”可知，此处表示作为外行，与专业人士的速度进行对比，空处应用名词amateur，表示“业余爱好者，外行”。故选I。 3．考查动词。句意：每年，充满激情的黑客都会在拉斯维加斯的DefCon大会上见面，展示他们的知识和能力。根据句中“passionate hackers meet at DefCon”可知，此处表示黑客在DefCon黑客大会上见面，他们会展示自己的知识和能力，空处应用动词present，表示“展示”。故选A。 4．考查动词。句意：提到“黑客”这个词，我们中的许多人都会想象一个17岁的怪人坐在卧室里，非法侵入五角大楼的美国国防机密。根据句中“a seventeen-year-old geek (怪人) sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US’s defence secrets in the Pentagon (五角大楼)”可知，此处表示提到黑客时许多人想象的场景，空处应用动词picture ，表示“想象”。故选K。 5．考查名词。句意：这些人喜欢寻找安全漏洞的挑战：无法改掉这个习惯的电脑成瘾者。根据句中“who can’t break the habit”可知，此处表示无法改掉这个习惯，也就是对电脑成瘾的人，空处应用名词addicts，表示“瘾君子，对……入迷的人”。故选H。 6．考查形容词。句意：他们非常小心地查看各种系统，从互联网到移动通信再到家用门锁。根据句中“door locks”以及语境可知，此处表示家用门锁，空处应用形容词household ，表示“家庭的，家用的”。故选D。 7．考查动词。句意：通过这样做，他们为我们所有人提供了很好的服务，因为他们将他们的发现传递给设计这些系统的行业，然后这些行业能够填补安全漏洞。根据句中“they pass on their findings to the industries that design these systems”以及语境可知，此处表示黑客将自己的发现传递给使用各种系统的行业，所以这些行业会填补安全漏洞，空处应用动词plug，表示“填入，填补”。故选C。 8．考查形容词。句意：但当谈到更现代的设备时，演讲者揭示了几个品牌的机电锁的重大弱点。根据前句“one of the most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4,000-year-old Egyptian lock”以及本句中“weaknesses”可知，最安全的锁之一是一把有4000年历史的埃及锁，所以此处应表示现代设备中，几个品牌的机电锁的显著缺点，空处应用形容词significant，表示“显著的”。故选F。 9．考查动词。句意：一个使用指纹扫描进入的生物锁很容易被一个回形针击败。根据句中“easily, by a paper clip”可知，此处表示指纹锁很容易被一个回形针击败，空处应用动词defeated，表示“击败”。故选E。 10．考查动词。句意：不幸的是，尽管所有不安全锁的制造商都收到了警报，但并非所有制造商都做出了回应。根据上文中“the presenters revealed __8__ weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks”可推知，此处表示不安全锁的制造商收到警报，空处应用动词alerted，表示“使……警觉”。故选J。 （2024·上海黄浦·一模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．clarity        B．enriching        C．ideally    D．recharge        E．refreshed        F．schedule G．selfish        H．socially        I．strike        J．tolerate        K．varying How to Get the Most Out of Alone Time Solitude is a state of being alone or away from others. It is distinct from loneliness, a feeling of emptiness or sadness arising from a perceived lack of desired connection with others. While we think of loneliness as a negative emotional state, solitude can be a positive and 1 experience. As social creatures, we are conditioned to live in groups and seek approval and belonging. If we spend too much time alone, we can become 2 awkward, making it even harder to connect with others and get feedback from those around us. If you cannot be alone, you may stay in situations or make life choices that aren’t good for you in the long run, mainly because you can’t 3 being alone while transitioning to a better situation. Consider solitude a time for self-reflection, relaxation, creativity, and personal growth. It can allow you to focus on your thoughts and feelings, gain 4 on personal challenges, and develop a deeper understanding of yourself. Solitude can also be a way to 5 and find peace amid the demands and distractions of modern life. It’s essential to 6 a balance between solitude and social interaction. Different individuals have 7 needs for solitude, and finding the right amount that matches your well-being is essential for leading a fulfilling life. You’d better 8 daily time for solitude. Plan some time to be with yourself daily to enjoy the benefits of solitude. For instance, at lunchtime, go for a walk by yourself and come back 9 . Be aware of self- judgments about taking time for yourself. Wanting to be alone can be seen as 10 or anti-social; you should think about others and do things for them instead. Kindly challenge these self-judgments and respond to them with positive statements, like that taking time for oneself is essential for self-care and mental health. 【答案】 1．B 2．H 3．J 4．A 5．D 6．I 7．K 8．F 9．E 10．G 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了独处的重要性和如何充分利用独处时光，提出了对独处的不同看法以及如何在独处和社交互动之间找到平衡的观点。 1．考查形容词。句意：虽然我们通常将孤独视为一种消极的情绪状态，但独处可以是一种积极且充实的体验。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当定语，和上文的“positive”一致。选项B“enriching”，形容词，意为“充实的”，符合句意。故选B。 2．考查副词。句意：如果我们花太多时间独处，可能会变得在社交上笨拙，从而更难与他人建立联系并从周围的人那里获得反馈。根据下文“making it even harder to connect with others and get feedback from those around us”可知，空处指的是“社交上”。选项H“socially”，副词，意为“社交上”，符合句意。故选H。 3．考查动词。句意：如果你无法忍受独处，你可能会让自己长期处于一些不利的情境或做出不利于自己的选择，这主要是因为你无法在过渡到更好的处境时忍受独处。根据上文“If you cannot be alone, you may stay in situations or make life choices that aren’t good for you in the long run”可推测，空处指的是“忍受”。选项J“tolerate”，动词，意为“忍受”，符合句意。故选J。 4．考查名词。句意：它可以让你专注于自己的思想和感受，对个人挑战有更清晰的认识，并加深对自己的了解。根据下文“develop a deeper understanding of yourself”可知，空处指的是对个人挑战有更清晰的“了解”。选项A“clarity”，名词，意为“认识”，符合句意。故选A。 5．考查动词。句意：独处还可以是在应对现代生活的需求和干扰中充电和寻找平静的一种方式。根据上文“Consider solitude a time for self-reflection, relaxation, creativity, and personal growth.”可知，独处是自我反思、放松、创造和个人成长的时间。由此可推测，空处的意思和“成长、充电”相关。选项D“recharge”，动词，意为“充电”，符合句意。故选D。 6．考查动词。句意：在独处和社交互动之间找到平衡至关重要。根据空后的“balance between solitude and social interaction”可推测，空处指的是“努力找到”；选项I“strike”，动词，意为“努力找到、寻求”，符合句意。故选I。 7．考查形容词。句意：不同的人对独处的需求各不相同，找到适合自己的独处时间量对于过上充实的生活至关重要。根据上文的“Different individuals”可推测，空处指的是“不同的”。选项K“varying”，形容词，意为“不同的”，符合句意。故选K。 8．考查动词。句意：你最好每天安排一些独处的时间。根据空后的“daily time for solitude”可推测，空处指的是“安排”；选项F“schedule”，动词，意为“安排”，符合句意。故选F。 9．考查形容词。句意：例如，午餐时间，独自去散步，回来后就会感到精神焕发。根据上文“at lunchtime, go for a walk by yourself”以及常理可知，散步回来后，会感到“精神焕发”。选项E“refreshed”，意为“精神焕发的”，符合句意。故选E。 10．考查形容词。句意：想要独处可能会被视为自私或反社会；你应该想着他人并为他们做事。根据空后的“anti-social”可推测，空处与“不社交”相似。选项G“selfish”，形容词，意为“自私的”，符合句意。故选G。 （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．constituent   B．ultimately   C． fancied   D．functioning   E. game   F. grave G. promising   H. parallel   I. cash   J. entitled   K. distinctly A basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet, these creatures are members of the biotic(生物的) community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are 1 to existence. When one of these noneconomic categories is in 2 danger and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. During the early 1900s, songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. Scientists jumped to the rescue with 3 shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic to be valid. A 4 situation exists in respect of predatory mammals. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of 5 by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to kill them for the sake of a benefit, real or 6 , to itself. Some species of trees have been “excluded from the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly or have too low a sale value to pay as 7 crops. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable role in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its 8 species and ground plants and animals is taken for granted. To sum up, a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly unjust. It tends to ignore, and thus 9 to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic community will work without the uneconomic parts, which are nevertheless essential to its healthy 10 . 【答案】 1．J 2．F 3．K 4．H 5．E 6．C 7．I 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了完全基于经济动机的保护系统并不利于生态保护，无论物种是否能够给人类带来经济价值，它们都有生存权利。 1．考查动词。句意：然而，这些生物是生物群落的成员，如果其稳定性取决于其完整性，它们就有权生存。根据上文中的“most members of the land community have no economic value”和句中的“these creatures are members of the biotic(生物的) community and, if its stability depends on its integrity”可知，大部分生物是没有经济价值的，但这些生物都是整个生物群落的一部分，如果这个群落的稳定性是以其完整性为基础的，那么所有生物都有权生存下去。entitle意为“使有权利，使有资格”，为及物动词，空前有are，entitle和they之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故选J。 2．考查形容词。句意：当一个无经济价值的物种处于严重危险之中，如果我们碰巧喜欢它，我们就会编造借口赋予它经济重要性。空处应用形容词，修饰danger。in danger意为“处于危险之中”。根据下文中的“songbirds were supposed to be disappearing”可知，这里表示处于严重危险之中，grave意为“严重的”。故选F。 3．考查副词。句意：科学家们急忙救助，针对影响提出明显不可靠的证据，大意是如果鸟类不能控制昆虫，昆虫会吃掉我们。空处用副词，修饰shaky。根据上文中的“if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance”和句中的“insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them”可知，我们会编造借口去拯救那些没有经济价值但受人类喜欢的物种，这里编造的关于鸟的理由明显不可靠。distinctly意为“清楚地，明显地”。故选K。 4．考查形容词。句意：捕食性哺乳动物也存在类似的情况。空处应用形容词，修饰situation。上文讲述了关于鸟的例子，这里讲述了捕食性哺乳动物的类似情况。parallel意为“相似的”。故选H。 5．考查名词。句意：过去，生物学家有点过度研究这些证据：这些生物通过杀死身体虚弱的动物来保护猎物健康，或者它们只捕食“无用”的物种。空处用名词作介词of的宾语。根据空前的“these creatures preserve the health of”和空后的“by killing the physically weak”可知，这些生物捕食体弱者，以便保护猎物种群的健康。game意为“猎物”。故选E。 6．考查形容词。句意：直到最近几年，我们才听到比较诚实的观点，即捕食性动物是群落的成员，没有任何特殊利益集团有权为了自己的利益而杀死它们，无论是真实的还是虚构的。根据空前的“real or”可知，空处应用形容词fancied，意为“虚构的”，表示无论是真实的还是虚构的。故选C。 7．考查形容词。句意：一些树种被有经济头脑的林学家“排除在外”，因为它们生长太慢或销售价值太低而无法作为经济作物创收。空处应用形容词，修饰crops。根据句中的“have too low a sale value to pay”可知，这些树种销售价值低，无法作为经济作物创收。cash意为“金钱”,crash crop“经济作物”。故选I。 8．考查形容词。句意：森林及其组成物种和地面动植物的相互依存被认为是理所当然的。根据空前的“the forest”和空后的“species”可知，这里指组成森林的物种。constituent意为“组成的，构成的”。故选A。 9．考查副词。句意：它往往忽视并最终消除土地群落中缺乏商业价值的许多部分。空处用副词，修饰“to eliminate”。根据空前的“ignore, and thus”和空后的“to eliminate”可知，这里表示忽视并最终消除，强调过程。ultimately意为“最终”。故选B。 10．考查动名词。句意：它错误地认为，生物群落的经济部分将在没有无经济价值部分的情况下运转，而无经济价值部分对其健康运作至关重要。根据“the economic parts of the biotic community will work without the uneconomic parts”可知，这里指无经济价值的物种对生物群落的健康运转很重要。functioning意为“运转”，是动词function的动名词形式。故选D。 （2024·上海奉贤·一模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．enter      B．echo      C． physical    D．linked       E. supposed     F. initial G. literally    H. diverse    I. weather     J. alternative    K. effectively Skyquake If you’ve ever heard a loud, distant booming noise with no obvious explanation like a thunderstorm or a car backfiring, then you might have experienced a skyquake. Skyquakes have been reported around the world and locals have 1 names for them in different regions. Near Seneca Lake in New York State, they’re known as “Seneca guns”; in Belgium they’re called “mistpoeffers”; and the Japanese refer to them as “uminari”, which 2 means “cries from the sea”. Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星) could be the cause. These space rocks explode when they 3 Earth’s atmosphere. If this occurred above thick cloud, the sound could 4 across a wide area. However, there is no 5 evidence reaching the ground. A(n) 6 explanation is the gas coming out of the bottom of the lake. Several hot spots for skyquake activity are close to large, deep lakes, such as Seneca. But skyquakes have also been reported away from such water bodies. Researchers at the University of North Carolina compared local news reports with information from 7 sensors and earthquake detectors. They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises, 8 ruling out ground shaking as the cause of it. They concluded that this phenomenon is 9 to the atmosphere. Possible reasons could include meteors exploding in the sky or the sound of big waves getting louder because of special weather conditions near the ocean. Over the years, many of these 10 mystery noises have turned out to be caused by military planes flying faster than the speed of sound. Given the diversity of locations and explanations, it’s possible that skyquakes in different parts of the world have different causes. But for now, their true cause remains mysterious. 【答案】 1．H 2．G 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．J 7．I 8．K 9．D 10．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了天震这一物理现象以及对其成因的相关解释，并指出或许不同地方的天震有不同的成因，但目前其真实原因仍然是个谜。 1．考查形容词。句意：世界各地都有关于天震的报道，不同地区的当地人对天震有不同的称呼。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰names。根据“in different regions”可知，不同地区有不同的称呼。diverse意为“不同的”。故选H。 2．考查副词。句意：日本人将它们称为“uminari”，字面意思是“大海的哭声”。空处修饰动词means，应用副词。这里是对“uminari”字面义的解释。literally意为“按字面，字面上”作状语。故选G。 3．考查动词。句意：这些太空岩石在进入地球大气层时会爆炸。空处作when时间状语从句的谓语，应用动词。一般现在时，表示将来。根据空后的“Earth’s atmosphere”可知，这里指进入地球的大气层。enter意为“进入”。故选A。 4．考查动词。句意：如果这发生在厚厚的云层之上，声音可能会在广阔的区域内回响。空前有could，空处应用不及物动词的原形。根据“the sound”和“across a wide area”可知，这里表示声音在广阔区域内产生回响。echo意为“回响”should后接动词原形。故选B。 5．考查形容词。句意：然而，没有实证到达地面。空处应用形容词作定语。根据空后的“evidence”可知，这里指证明声音到达地面的实物证据。physical意为“物质的，有形的”作定语。故选C。 6．考查形容词。句意：另一种解释是气体从湖底流出。根据第二段的“Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星) could be the cause.(一些科学家认为，一种流星可能是原因。)”可知，前面给了关于天震的一种解释，认为可能是流星造成的，这里讲述另一种解释，应用形容词alternative，意为“可替代的，另外的”作定语。故选J。 7．考查名词。句意：北卡罗来纳大学的研究人员将当地新闻报道与天气传感器和地震探测器的信息进行了比较。根据下文中的“because of special weather conditions”可知，研究人员考虑了天气状况，由此可知，他们有搜集天气传感器的信息。weather意为“天气”作定语。故选I。 8．考查副词。句意：他们无法确定任何与奇怪噪音同时发生的地震活动，有效地排除了地面震动是造成这种现象的原因。空处用副词，修饰ruling。根据“They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises”可知，无法确定任何与奇怪噪音同时发生的地震活动，这种发现可以有效排除地面震动是诱发因素。effectively意为“有效地”作状语。故选K。 9．考查形容词。句意：他们得出结论，这种现象与大气有关。根据“this phenomenon is”和“to the atmosphere”可知，这种现象与大气有关。be linked to意为“与……有联系”符合句意。故选D。 10．考查形容词。句意：多年来，许多这些所谓的神秘噪音被证明是由飞行速度超过声速的军用飞机引起的。空处应用形容词，修饰mystery noises。这里表示所谓的神秘噪音。supposed意为“所谓的，误信的”。故选E。 （24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need. A．involves   B．sliding   C．openness   D．damaging   E．educated   F．recommends G．frequent   H．addicted   I．definitely   J．experimenting   K．protective Are smarter kids smart enough to avoid alcohol and drugs? For decades, scientists had documented that those with lower IQ and less education were more likely to become 1 to alcohol or other drugs, probably because lower levels of education and lower IQ are associated with the 2 effects of poverty and because having less intelligence offers fewer mental resources to allow users to moderate and avoid problems. The latest data, published in Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, doesn’t contradict those findings. Drug use is not the same as drug addiction — higher intelligence is a 3 factor against alcoholism and addictions; nevertheless, smarter people are more likely to drink or try drugs. Social drinking in many countries and non-problematic drinking is more 4 and common among people with higher education. But why? What protects them from 5 into addiction? Intelligence can serve as a vehicle for moderation when it comes to alcohol or drug use — the more 6 people are, the more they internalize and appreciate the dangers and risks of indulgence (放纵). Intelligence can also encourage more curiosity and 7 to new experiences. And that includes 8 with alcohol and drugs. People have the impression that intelligence is somehow related to being introverted and bookish, but large studies 9 find that intelligence is associated with sensation-seeking and seeking different kinds of experiences, including learning new things. It could be related to the nature of intelligence. Such experimentation doesn’t always lead to addiction or problematic behavior because this type of exposure often 10 a few experiences before the person moves on to the next novelty. 【答案】 1．H 2．D 3．K 4．G 5．B 6．E 7．C 8．J 9．I 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍科学家的研究和相关数据，探讨了智商与酒精和毒品使用之间的关系，以及智商如何影响人们对这些物质的态度和行为。 1．考查形容词。句意：几十年来，科学家们已经证明，智商较低、受教育程度较低的人更容易对酒精或其他药物上瘾，这可能是因为受教育程度较低、智商较低的人与贫困的破坏性影响有关，也可能是因为智商较低的人提供的心理资源较少，无法让吸毒者缓和和避免问题。根据上文“Are smarter kids smart enough to avoid alcohol and drugs?”可知，空处指的是“对……上瘾”；“addicted”意为“上瘾的”，为形容词，符合句意，在句中作表语。故选H。 2．考查形容词。句意：几十年来，科学家们已经证明，智商较低、受教育程度较低的人更容易对酒精或其他药物上瘾，这可能是因为受教育程度较低、智商较低的人与贫困的破坏性影响有关，也可能是因为智商较低的人提供的心理资源较少，无法让吸毒者缓和和避免问题。根据下文“because having less intelligence offers fewer mental resources to allow users to moderate and avoid problems”可推测，空处为形容词，且词意和“不好的、有害的”相关。在句中作定语修饰名词effects，选项D“damaging”，形容词，意为“有害的、负面的”，符合句意；。故选D。 3．考查形容词。句意：使用药物并不等同于药物成瘾——较高的智商是对抗酒精中毒和成瘾的保护因素；然而，更聪明的人更有可能饮酒或尝试毒品。根据上文内容可知，聪明的人更不容易对酒精成瘾。在句中作定语修饰名词factor；选项K“protective”，形容词，意为“保护性的”，符合句意，指出高智商是对抗酒精中毒和成瘾的保护因素。故选K。 4．考查形容词。句意：在许多国家，社交饮酒和非问题性饮酒在受过高等教育的人群中更为频繁和普遍。设空处作表语与common并列，根据上文“smarter people are more likely to drink or try drugs”可知，饮酒问题在受过高等教育的人群中更常见；选项G“frequent”，形容词，意为“频繁的”，符合句意。故选G。 5．考查动词。句意：是什么保护他们不陷入成瘾？根据上文“smarter people are more likely to drink or try drugs”可知，聪明人更容易饮酒，吸毒。但是，研究表明，聪明人不容易对酒和毒品上瘾。由此可知，空处指的是“染上”；slide into，意为“不知不觉染上……”，符合句意。作from宾语，用动词slide的动名词形式sliding。故选B。 6．考查形容词。句意：当涉及到酒精或毒品使用时，智商可以作为节制的工具——受教育程度越高的人，越能理解和珍视放纵的危险和风险。根据上文“Social drinking in many countries and non-problematic drinking is more  ____4____  and common among people with higher education.”可知，空处指的是“受过教育的”；选项E“educated”，形容词，意为“受过教育的”，符合句意。故选E。 7．考查名词。句意：智商还可以激发更多的好奇心和对新体验的开放性。空处于curiosity并列作宾语，根据上文的“more curiosity”可推测，空处指的是愿意接受新体验；选项C“openness”，名词，意为“开放性”，符合句意。故选C。 8．考查动词。句意：这包括尝试酒精和毒品。根据下文“People have the impression that intelligence is somehow related to being introverted and bookish, but large studies  ____9____  find that intelligence is associated with sensation-seeking and seeking different kinds of experiences, including learning new things.”可推测，空处指的是“尝试酒精和毒品”。动词experiment意为“尝试”，符合句意。作 includes宾语，用动名词形式。故选J。 9．考查副词。句意：人们有一种印象，认为智商在某种程度上与内向和书呆子气质有关，但大量研究确实发现，智商与寻求刺激和寻求不同种类的体验（包括学习新事物）有关。根据上文“Intelligence can also encourage more curiosity and  ____7____  to new experiences. And that includes  ____8____  with alcohol and drugs.”可知，此处指研究确实发现智商和寻求刺激和寻求不同种类的体验有关。设空处作状语，修饰动词find，副词definitely意为“肯定地、的确”，符合句意。故选I。 10．考查动词。句意：这种尝试并不总是导致成瘾或问题行为，因为这种尝试往往只涉及几次体验，然后人们就会转向下一个新奇的事物。设空处作谓语，this type of exposure作主语，谓语动词用单数；根据句意可知，空处指的是“涉及”，选项A“involves”，动词，意为“涉及、包括”，符合句意。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 选词填空15篇(上海市高考模拟) 基础语篇巩固练 （2024·上海浦东新·一模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accompany B．alternative C． diverse D．doubt E. predictable F. reflecting G. reframe H. reportedly I. seeking J. socially K. undesirable Voice changes as you age Do you sound...old? As we age, reductions in muscles and changes in the position you sit or stand make it harder to produce the same sounds that came easily in the past. Actually, many of the inconveniences that 1 aging can damage the voice. If you’ve noticed your voice changing as you age, you’re not alone. Up to one in three older adults 2 experiences a change in “normal voice quality.” Treatments that preserve or improve vocal (嗓音的) function for aging adults are highly 3 . There’s medication like hormone replacement therapy or thyroid (甲状腺) medication targeted at reducing an enlarged thyroid, which can cause vocal changes. But the front-line 4 is usually a non-invasive therapeutic approach. It is a personalized physical therapy including vocal and breathing exercises designed to maintain vocal range, preserve volume, and handle individual issues. Overall, surgery is often unnecessary for the vast majority of patients with age-related issues. Keeping active and fit as you age can preserve muscle mass, strength, and benefit the breathing system. Voice experts further stress the importance of nutrition and hydration (水化作用), suggesting older adults drink plenty of water, adopt healthy diets and use steam generators at home. While researchers may 5 the role that various factors play in voice preservation, they agree that quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of developing age-related voice disorders. What is noteworthy is that 6 voice changes will cause other health concerns. If older adults are feeling like their voice is changing, and it’s impacting their ability to engage in personal and professional growth, or interpersonal communication, they can start to withdraw 7 and become depressed. Researchers are increasingly trying to 8 many “disorders” of the aging voice as a natural part of aging. Thus, it’s crucial for older adults to recognize that these changes are inevitable, 9 the passage of time. Besides medical interventions, lifestyle changes, psychological support also plays a vital role in helping older adults handle voice changes. Since age-related voice changes are inevitable, there’s no shame in 10 help. Our voice is very personal at any age. （2024·上海宝山·一模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．available   B．informed    C． movement     D．generate    E. tourism   F. digitally G. prevent    H. marketing    I. comfort       J. vividly      K. inaccessible Have you ever longed to take a trip, but you just don’t have the time or the financial resources? If so, consider touring via virtual reality (VR), which has embraced (拥抱) 1 with open arms. This innovative technology is reshaping the way people experience destinations by breaking down geographical barriers and providing unique journeys. An AI tour is cost-effective and allows you to see the world without leaving the 2 of your living room. You might argue that you don’t have a VR headset (头戴装置), but no matter. Two travel styles are 3 : monoscopic and stereoscopic. Monoscopic VR videos can be viewed on a mobile phone or a computer. By clicking on or dragging across the screen to change the field of view, you are able to explore an entire area. Stereoscopic VR videos use VR headsets that make you feel as if you were actually present at a destination. The software in the headsets tracks your head 4 , so by just turning your head, you can explore each new scene in a more realistic way. No matter which method you choose to “travel,” these virtual travel experiences aim to give you a credible experience. Besides inspecting an area that you might want to visit but can’t, you can virtually preview a place and make more 5 decisions about it. You’re able to clearly see the exact location of a hotel or the distance from it to surrounding attractions. Make no mistake, travel agencies, hotels and destination 6 organizations are using this tool to their advantage. By creating virtual experiences, businesses can dazzle (使赞叹) their audience and 7 interest in specific destinations or accommodations. VR in tourism goes beyond leisure; it also plays a vital role in education and cultural preservation. By 8 documenting, storing and sharing its information, the nonprofit CyArk is aiding in the preservation of endangered cultural heritage sites through VR exploration. To foster a broader understanding of the world, students can now take virtual field trips to formerly 9 historical sites and cultural landmarks. People with accessibility challenges, such as those with physical disabilities or health concerns that 10 their travel, will enjoy the inclusive approach VR provides. Literally anyone can now experience an adventure, virtually! Whether you’re unable to travel, don’t have enough money or prefer to be an armchair traveler, you can still explore the world. （2024·上海崇明·一模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.   A．appealing B．attainable C． basically D．dramatically E. freedom F. kicks G. minimum H. prioritizes I. submits J. underlying K. withdrawal FIRE Movement: Financial Independence, Retire Early Many Americans are taking early retirement into their own hands by joining the FIRE movement, but it’s not for everyone. “Financial Independence, Retire Early” (FIRE) is a lifestyle movement that 1 extreme saving and investing to be able to retire earlier than traditional methods might allow. The goal of FIRE is to achieve financial 2 so investors can choose how to spend their time. “The concept of the movement is 3 having the financial flexibility to have the ultimate life flexibility,” says Rachael Burns, a financial planner at True Worth Financial Planning, based in Folsom, California. A NerdWallet survey found that of Americans who aren’t retired yet but plan to retire, 25% want to retire before age 50 and 18% want to retire in their 50s. The average age was 57, 10 years earlier than the full retirement age to get Social Security. People who use FIRE to retire early do so by 4 reducing their expenses, looking for ways to increase their income, and investing the money they save in a mix of tax-advantaged accounts as well as regular brokerage (佣金) accounts. Retiring early might sound 5 , but there are risks, and it’s not for everyone. For instance, if you stop working, you’ll have to be responsible for your own medical expenses until Medicare 6 in around age 65, and your investments may not perform as well as you thought. Either one of those situations could have consequences such as having to raise your 7 rate or needing to re-enter the workforce. FIRE also requires cutting down expenses to the bare 8 so you have more income to invest, which not everyone can afford. “FIRE is a long-term strategy, and you can’t be too reactive to short-term economic events,” Burns said. “You may need to adjust spending or saving in certain years based on market events, but the 9 strategy should stay the same.” If you don’t earn enough to cover your basic needs and save greatly for early retirement at the same time, FIRE may not be for you, Burns says. Lacking an emergency fund or owing high-interest debt may be other reasons that FIRE may not be 10 . （2024·上海闵行·一模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．display       B．features     C． home       D．peak     E. timing      F. mass      G. equivalent    H. favor       I. extensive     J. upsets    K. distinction The Atacama Desert stretches along the coast of northern Chile, covering over 40,000 square miles of dry land. It has a reputation as the harshest desert in the world, although that 1 technically belongs to the Antarctica desert. In fact, some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded rainfall. Despite the severe conditions, the Atacama Desert is 2 to a surprising number of plant species, many of which have evolved to survive long periods of drought. These flowers lie inactive, coming to life in a breathtaking 3 that can stretch across thousands of square kilometers when conditions are favorable. This phenomenon is called a desert bloom. It occurs when infrequent rains cause a(n) 4 growth of seeds that have lain inactive in the soil for years. These seeds are capable of resisting extreme heat and extended dryness. The current flowering isn’t yet 5 enough to be regarded as a desert bloom, covering only a few hundred square kilometers. But here’s the strange thing: this phenomenon usually happens in the spring. Now, in Chile, it’s winter —— so it’s unusually early for something like this to happen. El Niño, a natural climate phenomenon that influences global weather, often plays a crucial role in the desert bloom. However, it is not yet confirmed whether it is to blame for the 6 of this bloom. This phenomenon 7 normal weather patterns, regularly bringing increased rainfall to regions that are typically dry. In the case of the Atacama desert, it can lead to occasional but significant rain events, which creates the perfect conditions for a desert bloom. The desert bloom 8 a collection of native flowers, each of which has adapted itself uniquely to the harsh environment. The current event, however, seems to 9 a specific purple flower that doesn’t need a lot of water and grows in sandy sites. At its 10 , a desert bloom can include up to 200 species, showcasing the toughness of life in this unpleasant environment. （24-25高三上·上海杨浦·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．energy B．choking C． conditional D．sandwiching E. primitively F. episode G. mean H. disproportionately I. spot J. intensified K. assured Tackle Christmas Conflicts Many of us experience pressure to look after others’ desires during Christmas to maintain peace. This pressure increases 1 when we strive to make everyone happy, a behavior recognized as “people pleasing”, which often comes from childhood experiences where a parent’s love was 2 or emotionally inconsistent. People pleasing becomes noticeable during the festive season when spending more time with family. Helen Snape, a healthy relationship coach says that there are signs to help easily 3 people pleasing. Some common signs include over-committing, avoiding conflict, and taking blame. Most people pleasers are deeply caring people. “They often make great team players, can read the 4 of a room, and are excellent at putting other people at ease,” explains Snape. However, the tendency to please can lead to unbalanced and draining relationships, over-work, and being taken advantage of. And these stresses only get 5 over the festive season. In order to avoid getting sucked into a(n) 6 that you’ll later hate, you must identify and communicate your boundaries in advance, advises Snape. For people pleasers, this is hard to do, because they worry it could make the family atmosphere feel oppressive or 7 . Snape advises you remember that, by setting boundaries, you aren’t being 8 ; you are actually helping the other person understand what you need, which in the long run will allow that relationship to continue in a healthy way. “It’s going to feel uncomfortable setting those limits, but you can be well 9 that the discomfort is temporary and you will live through it,” Snape says. She recommends managing that emotional discomfort by 10 it between two regulating activities like nature walks, calming music, or talking with friends. Remember, prioritizing your needs enables healthier, happier holidays. （24-25高三上·上海松江·期末）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．admission     B．broad       C． comfortably    D．decoded      E. forerunner        F. hardly  G. replaced     H. risky          I. spread        J. subjects       K. switches More Than a Popularizer Certain creative works possess such an endless ability to bounce that they become fixed in the culture. One such book is Malcolm Gladwell’s The Tipping Point. Published more than two decades ago, it dug into a (n) 1 range of topics, from crime rates in New York to shoe sales, all from the perspectives of epidemiology (流行病学). “Ideas and products and messages and behaviors 2 just like viruses do,” he wrote. Gladwell presented his readers with a series of stories, mysteries and puzzles, and then 3 them, revealing his workings in a cheerful and confident narrative (描述性的) voice. Listen to me, he seemed to whisper to his readers, and I will show you the hidden workings of society, and how you, as an individual, can influence or “tip” the trends that shape it. Almost 25 years and six books later, he wrote a follow-up, Revenge of the Tipping Point, which is like its 4 in its self-confidence, attractiveness and clarity. However, the new book bears the mark of an author living in a country very different to the United States 25 years ago. The case studies about shoes in The Tipping Point are 5 by stories that touch on the anxieties of modern America. Many of his 6 are familiar and yet he empowers them with a new energy. In chapter five, he further explorers the question of diversity in offers from the Ivy League, 7 an underreported issue, and yet he somehow thinks from a totally different angle. Instead of examining the means by which first-class institutions keep minorities out, he reveals the ways in which Harvard, through its 8 policy for athletes, only invites rich and white applicants in. Gladwell combines viewpoints about epidemiology with the detail of a court copy or direct quotation, and 9 between different worlds, drawing comparisons and contrasts — that’s where part of his charm lies. It is an exciting technique, but it comes with 10 elements — his topics, so highly charged at an individual level, sometimes lack sympathy. （2024·上海长宁·一模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．adaptable  B．broadened  C． dramatically  D．handful  E. inevitably  F. likelihood  G. maintained  H. perception  I. properly  J. remarkable  K. suggested Sense of smell that seems impossible How do we smell odours (气味)? The answer is that the olfactory bulb, a structure at the front of the brain, plays a vital role in our ability to smell. Or, at least, so we thought. Researchers have now discovered a(n) 1 of women who have a perfectly normal sense of smell but who seem to lack olfactory bulbs. The team, including Tali Weiss and Noam Sobel at the Sunshine Institute of Science in U. S., say a lack of olfactory bulbs is unusual but not 2 : one in 10,000 people don’t have them, but we had believed none could smell. However, in the course of a study into possible links between ability to smell and reproduction, the team happened across a 29-year-old woman who was different: she lacked olfactory bulbs but 3 that her sense of smell remained very good. Every test the researchers threw at her 4 that she did indeed have a good ability to distinguish odours, despite lacking the olfactory bulb typically believed necessary to do so. The team 5 the scope of its investigation, and found more women like this, but no men at all. The researchers were able to estimate the 6 of being a woman who can smell normally without these brain structures to be about 0.6 per cent. Strangely, the probability of this happening is raised 7 in left-handed women. Among people who are left-handed, women who lack olfactory bulbs have a roughly 4 per cent chance of still being able to smell 8 . Sobel says this may be further proof as to how 9 the brain is: if it lacks olfactory bulbs, it can recognise itself so other brain regions take on the task of odour 10 . Alternatively, the discoveries might hint that we know less about our ability to smell than we thought. （24-25高三上·上海静安·期末）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．unnoticed     B．decompose     C． estimated     D．fulfil E. replacement     F. readily     G. launch     H. ultimate I. minimize     J. hazard     K. fibers The fashion industry today is meeting with sustainability and environmental challenges. As the production of many fashion items is regarded as a(n) 1 to the environment, designers have to explore innovative ways to reduce waste and 2 ecological footprint. Zsofia Kollar, the founder of Human Material Loop, is turning to an unexpected resource to reduce her impact — human hair. The Dutch collects hair cuttings from hairdressers and transforms them into fabric for clothes, curtains, carpets, and furniture. “Throughout history, we’ve used a variety of animal 3 in clothing, yet our own hair, containing the same keratin protein as wool, often goes 4 ,” Kollar says. “Why not treat human hair as we would treat any other valuable clothing material?” Human hair as a bio-material may seem like a strange choice, but it makes perfect sense to Kollar. The 5 available waste material requires no land, water, or resources to produce. Her innovation also saves thousands of tons of hair, which would otherwise 6 in rubbish landfills. More importantly, the innovation could significantly reduce the need for artificial materials, which contribute to micro-plastic pollution. Additionally, the fabric could serve as a(n) 7 for natural materials like cotton, whose production requires large quantities of water. The designer’s process involves treating the cut hair with environmentally friendly chemicals. These chemicals help clean the hair and change its property. Kollar says the final product can be colored any color, except white, and be knitted into a fabric that looks and feels like wool. “Many times if people hear the clothing material is made out of human hair, they’re like, ‘What!’” Kollar said. “But if I just show them the sample, they’re like ‘Oh, it’s cool.’” Human Material Loop, which was founded not long ago, is still in its early stages. But Kollar has already partnered with a high-end fashion label to 8 eco-friendly fashion collections. The designer’s 9 dream is to transform a quarter of global salon waste, a(n) 10 550,000 tons of human hair, into clothes annually. （24-25高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．access B．firmly C．grounded D．identity E．insistence F．locally G．luxurious H．place I．reduced J．resistant K．scale Change of heart It was October 2005. The destructive earthquake, killing some 79,000 people in Pakistan, India and Afghanistan a week earlier, had 1 the valley to mud and broken stones. Lari, Pakistan’s first female architect, was there to help lead the reconstruction of settlements. Lari was once famous for designing towers of glass and concrete. Over the decades, she has been known as the “starchitect” by taking part in many commercial projects, attracted by their creative freedom, large budgets and 2 materials. According to her, “it was a very exciting feeling.” Yet she found ways to stay 3 . “I realized I was just working with rich people,” she says. She could no longer justify fashioning buildings out of unsustainable materials like mirrored glass when millions had limited 4 to housing and even water. That’s why she decided to move on. And here, in this disaster-stricken area, she’d be drawing plans to make homes 5 to earthquakes, using stone and timber debris (木材碎片). Pakistan’s location and environment 6 it within the top ten countries most impacted by climate change even though the country itself emits (散发) less than 1% of global greenhouse gases. Ironically, rebuilding projects funded by governments tend to use concrete and many other expensive, non-local building supplies. In contrast, Lari’s shelters, inspired by traditional designs and made with sustainable materials which can be sourced 7 , such as bamboo, stand up to disasters better. Lari’s 8 on low-cost, zero-waste and zero-carbon buildings reflects her commitment to the planet. She says about 60,000 zero-carbon houses have been built since 2010. Next, she wants to 9 up and restore one million households. At age 83, Lari still often recalls of those early days. On one visit, villagers pulled out their best chairs and table. “They had lost everything,” she says, “but they covered this damaged table with a beautiful cloth. And then they served us with theirbest-known specialties: biscuits, tea and eggs.” She says she is still re-engineering her 10 -from “starchitect” to humanitarian. And doing disaster-relief work feels deeply right. （2024·上海虹口·一模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．arguably    B．fed    C．match    D．corresponding    E．determine F．hint    G．implications    H．noticeably    I．self-fulfilling    J．substantial    K．tasked People Alter Their Appearance to Suit Their Names A new study has found that people tend to alter their appearance to suit their names. The researchers sought to 1 whether parents choose a baby name based on what seems fitting for the baby’s appearance, or if individuals’ facial appearances change over the years to 2 the social stereotypes(刻板印象) connected to their names. In the study, 9 - to 10-year-old children and adults were 3 with paring faces to names. The findings revealed that both the children and the adults correctly matched adult faces to their 4 names, considerably above the chance level. However, when it came to children’s faces and names, the participants were unable to make accurate associations. In another part-of the study, a machine learning system was 5 a large database of images of human faces. The computer recognized that the appearances of the faces of adults with the same name were 6 more similar to each other than the representations of faces of adults with different names On the other hand, no 7 similarity was found among children with the same name compared to children with different names. The researchers concluded that the similarity between a person’s face and their name results from a(n) 8 prediction. The facial appearance changes over a long period of time to suit social expectations attached to the name. Such stereotypes can be formed in many ways, for example, because the name is linked to a famous figure or due to the 9 of a religious name. Dr. Yonat Zwebner, Arison School of Business, Reichman University says, “Our findings 10 at the broader significance of this surprising effect— the powerful influence of social stereotypes.” 重难语篇拔高练 （2024·上海徐汇·一模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．present   B．accomplishment   C． plug   D．household   E. defeated F. significant   G. diagnose   H. addicts   I. amateur   J. alerted   K. picture A hacker’s life Have you ever locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in? First, you get a sense of 1 in succeeding. But then comes the worrying realization that if you can break into your own place as a(n) 2 , a professional could do so five times faster. So you look at the weak point in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers conference works. Every year passionate hackers meet at DefCon in Las Vegas to 3 their knowledge and capabilities. Mention the word ‘hacker’ and many of us 4 a seventeen-year-old geek (怪人) sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US’s defence secrets in the Pentagon (五角大楼). Or we just think ‘criminals’. But that is actually a misrepresentation of what most hackers do. The activities and experiments that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. These are people who love the challenge of finding security gaps: computer 5 who can’t break the habit. They look with great care at all kinds of systems, from the Internet to mobile communications to 6 door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they are doing all of us a great service, because they pass on their findings to the industries that design these systems, which are then able to 7 the security holes. A typical example of this is when I attended a presentation on electronic door locks. Ironically, one of the most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4,000-year-old Egyptian lock. But when it came to more modern devices, the presenters revealed 8 weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks. A bio-lock that uses a fingerprint scan for entry was 9 , easily, by a paper clip. (Unfortunately, although all the manufacturers of the insecure locks were 10 not all of them responded.) （2024·上海黄浦·一模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．clarity        B．enriching        C．ideally    D．recharge        E．refreshed        F．schedule G．selfish        H．socially        I．strike        J．tolerate        K．varying How to Get the Most Out of Alone Time Solitude is a state of being alone or away from others. It is distinct from loneliness, a feeling of emptiness or sadness arising from a perceived lack of desired connection with others. While we think of loneliness as a negative emotional state, solitude can be a positive and 1 experience. As social creatures, we are conditioned to live in groups and seek approval and belonging. If we spend too much time alone, we can become 2 awkward, making it even harder to connect with others and get feedback from those around us. If you cannot be alone, you may stay in situations or make life choices that aren’t good for you in the long run, mainly because you can’t 3 being alone while transitioning to a better situation. Consider solitude a time for self-reflection, relaxation, creativity, and personal growth. It can allow you to focus on your thoughts and feelings, gain 4 on personal challenges, and develop a deeper understanding of yourself. Solitude can also be a way to 5 and find peace amid the demands and distractions of modern life. It’s essential to 6 a balance between solitude and social interaction. Different individuals have 7 needs for solitude, and finding the right amount that matches your well-being is essential for leading a fulfilling life. You’d better 8 daily time for solitude. Plan some time to be with yourself daily to enjoy the benefits of solitude. For instance, at lunchtime, go for a walk by yourself and come back 9 . Be aware of self- judgments about taking time for yourself. Wanting to be alone can be seen as 10 or anti-social; you should think about others and do things for them instead. Kindly challenge these self-judgments and respond to them with positive statements, like that taking time for oneself is essential for self-care and mental health. （24-25高三上·上海·期中）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．constituent   B．ultimately   C． fancied   D．functioning   E. game   F. grave G. promising   H. parallel   I. cash   J. entitled   K. distinctly A basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet, these creatures are members of the biotic(生物的) community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are 1 to existence. When one of these noneconomic categories is in 2 danger and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. During the early 1900s, songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. Scientists jumped to the rescue with 3 shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic to be valid. A 4 situation exists in respect of predatory mammals. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of 5 by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to kill them for the sake of a benefit, real or 6 , to itself. Some species of trees have been “excluded from the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly or have too low a sale value to pay as 7 crops. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable role in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its 8 species and ground plants and animals is taken for granted. To sum up, a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly unjust. It tends to ignore, and thus 9 to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic community will work without the uneconomic parts, which are nevertheless essential to its healthy 10 . （2024·上海奉贤·一模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．enter      B．echo      C． physical    D．linked       E. supposed     F. initial G. literally    H. diverse    I. weather     J. alternative    K. effectively Skyquake If you’ve ever heard a loud, distant booming noise with no obvious explanation like a thunderstorm or a car backfiring, then you might have experienced a skyquake. Skyquakes have been reported around the world and locals have 1 names for them in different regions. Near Seneca Lake in New York State, they’re known as “Seneca guns”; in Belgium they’re called “mistpoeffers”; and the Japanese refer to them as “uminari”, which 2 means “cries from the sea”. Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星) could be the cause. These space rocks explode when they 3 Earth’s atmosphere. If this occurred above thick cloud, the sound could 4 across a wide area. However, there is no 5 evidence reaching the ground. A(n) 6 explanation is the gas coming out of the bottom of the lake. Several hot spots for skyquake activity are close to large, deep lakes, such as Seneca. But skyquakes have also been reported away from such water bodies. Researchers at the University of North Carolina compared local news reports with information from 7 sensors and earthquake detectors. They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises, 8 ruling out ground shaking as the cause of it. They concluded that this phenomenon is 9 to the atmosphere. Possible reasons could include meteors exploding in the sky or the sound of big waves getting louder because of special weather conditions near the ocean. Over the years, many of these 10 mystery noises have turned out to be caused by military planes flying faster than the speed of sound. Given the diversity of locations and explanations, it’s possible that skyquakes in different parts of the world have different causes. But for now, their true cause remains mysterious. （24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need. A．involves   B．sliding   C．openness   D．damaging   E．educated   F．recommends G．frequent   H．addicted   I．definitely   J．experimenting   K．protective Are smarter kids smart enough to avoid alcohol and drugs? For decades, scientists had documented that those with lower IQ and less education were more likely to become 1 to alcohol or other drugs, probably because lower levels of education and lower IQ are associated with the 2 effects of poverty and because having less intelligence offers fewer mental resources to allow users to moderate and avoid problems. The latest data, published in Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, doesn’t contradict those findings. Drug use is not the same as drug addiction — higher intelligence is a 3 factor against alcoholism and addictions; nevertheless, smarter people are more likely to drink or try drugs. Social drinking in many countries and non-problematic drinking is more 4 and common among people with higher education. But why? What protects them from 5 into addiction? Intelligence can serve as a vehicle for moderation when it comes to alcohol or drug use — the more 6 people are, the more they internalize and appreciate the dangers and risks of indulgence (放纵). Intelligence can also encourage more curiosity and 7 to new experiences. And that includes 8 with alcohol and drugs. People have the impression that intelligence is somehow related to being introverted and bookish, but large studies 9 find that intelligence is associated with sensation-seeking and seeking different kinds of experiences, including learning new things. It could be related to the nature of intelligence. Such experimentation doesn’t always lead to addiction or problematic behavior because this type of exposure often 10 a few experiences before the person moves on to the next novelty. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$