16 课时精练(十三) Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版2020）

课时精练(十三)　 Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　根据汉语或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式 1．It’s widely acknowledged that environmental damage threatens the whole of civilization(文明). 2．In the past，the UN stayed out of the internal (国内的)affairs of countries unless invited in. 3．In a word，all of these bothering outcomes(结果)are linked to a lack of physical exercise. 4．The surrounding area suffered a heavy rain which killed 44 people，made 21 missing and ruined (毁坏)a large area of crops. 5．It’s obvious that not all specialists(专家)will be convinced of the astronomer’s opinion. 6．The match had just begun when it rained cats and dogs so it was suspended(暂停). 7．Strengthening people’s health has thus become a priority on national and global agendas(议程表). 8．To my astonishment，my little son held firm opinions which usually conflicted(冲突)with mine. 9．He collapsed in the street and died two hours later. 10．A significant exhibition of contemporary sculpture will be on view at the Portland Gallery. 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．Incredibly(incredible)，the guy was dismissed by his company，which bothered his parents a lot. 2．Under no circumstances can all citizens do violence(violent)to public facilities. 3．From the experience，I realize that the more fully we prepare，the better(good)we will perform. 4．First aid requires rapid assessment(assess)of victims to decide whether life­threatening conditions exist. 5．Five crew members narrowly escaped death when a staircase collapsed(collapse)beneath their feet. 6．Take notes during the consultation(consult)as the final written report is very concise. 7．This show conflicted with another show that aired at the same time. 8．Western governments have this week urged him_to_negotiate(negotiate)and avoid force. 9．The strategy was designed to wear down the enemy’s resistance. 10．For the benefit of economic development，we have to get started right now. 维度三　完成句子 1．在我看来，人们越感兴趣，他们获得的知识就越多。 In my opinion，the_more_interested_people_are，the_more_knowledge_they_will_get． 2．如果可能的话，每天尽量在同一时间睡觉和起床。 If_possible，try_to_go_to_bed_and_get_up_at the same time every day. 3．应该采取一些措施来保护濒危动物不被杀害。 Some measures should be taken to preserve_the_endangered_animals_from_being_killed． 4．我们寻找解决这些重要问题的方法迫在眉睫。 It’s_urgent_that we (should)find ways to solve these crucial problems. 5．咨询了我的老师后，我决定主修英语。 Having_consulted_my_teacher，I made up my mind to major in English. 维度四　课文语法填空 It’s well known that there are currently around 1，100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide.They have been facing 1.various(variety)dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection，2.which explains why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.Some specific issues are as follows. First of all，long­term natural forces gradually wear down heritage sites with natural disasters 3.causing(cause)the sudden destruction.In addition，wars can cause a great deal of damage 4.to both cultural and natural heritage sites.Meanwhile，owing to World Heritage status，5.millions(million)of tourists flood to UNESCO World Heritage Sites 6.annually(annual)，so it is natural that the sites suffer a bit of wear and tear.Furthermore，with human population growth，the demand for production and consumption of goods 7.increases(increase)，in which circumstances our cultural and natural heritage sites have to make room for widespread development.What makes it terrible is that many heritage sites are even at risk of 8.being_lost(lose)forever. The results indicate that such dangers not only have disastrous impacts on the sites 9.themselves(they)，but also on people.For 10.the benefit of ourselves and future generations，there is no delay in preserving our heritage sites by joint efforts. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A For thousands of years，humans have built cities.Some of our oldest cities have managed to maintain pieces of their original characteristics while others have disappeared completely. One of these lost cities belonged to the Anasazi people who lived in Chaco Canyon in New Mexico.They built houses along the river that ran through the valley.For nearly 300 years，the Chaco Canyon was the population center of many desert cities.Now nothing is left of this busy city but ruins.Scientists think that drought may have made the Anasazi’s food hard to get or that some kinds of diseases killed off many of the people.However，no one knows for sure what happened to the people of the Chaco Canyon.Another lost city sits high atop the Andes Mountains in Peru: the city of Machu Picchu.It was once among the most powerful cities in South America.It was home to the Incan emperor.In 1527，its citizens packed up their belongings and moved for unknown reasons.Scientists guess that smallpox，a disease brought by European explorers，was the cause of Machu Picchu’s downfall.Today，tourists from all over the world climb thousands of steep stone steps to view the ruins of this once great city.Yet another city that is no more was called Pompeii.This was one of the wealthiest cities of ancient Italy.This beautiful seaside city was a lively center of trade.However，a storm of lava，smoke，and ash from Mt.Vesuvius buried the city of Pompeii，putting an end to its prosperity.Scientists have studied the ruins of Pompeii，which led to new discoveries about ancient civilizations of Europe. Humans have always built cities as centers for trade，business，and family life.Cities that have been lost provide information about the past，helping to inform our future.By studying lost cities，we can learn how to preserve our current cities. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三座古城消失的原因和结果。希望通过研究这些已经消失的城市，可以学习如何保护我们现在的城市。 1．Machu Picchu was once among the most powerful cities in South America because ________． A．it was the center of the Inca Empire B．it was located high atop the Andes Mountains C．it was founded by powerful European explorers D．it is visited by numerous visitors throughout the world A　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“It was once among the most powerful cities in South America.It was home to the Incan emperor.”。由此可知，Machu Picchu曾经是南美洲最强大的城市之一，因为它是印加王国所在地，是印加帝国的中心。故选A。] 2．The writer introduces the three lost cities mainly by ________． A．making a comparison B．stating causes and effects C．expressing his own opinions D．listing numbers and examples B　[写作手法题。根据文章对三座已经消失的古城的描述可知，文章是通过陈述三座古城消失的原因和结果来介绍它们的。故选B。] 3．What message does the author want to convey in the last paragraph? A．We should set up powerful cities for a competitive world.　 B．We should pass on certain customs of ancient civilizations. C．We should figure out how to protect our cities from disease and starvation. D．We should learn from the past to ensure that we do not lose cities in the future. D　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Cities that have been lost provide...to preserve our current cities.”可知，我们应该从这些已经消失的城市中学习，以确保我们在未来不会失去现在的城市。故选D。] B The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long­distance trade route of the ancient world.This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East，and allowed the exchange of goods，technology，and ideas between the two civilizations.Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road，it was not without risk. The main Silk Road started in Chang’an (known today as Xi’an)，the early Han capital.Travellers commencing their journey from this city could take a northern route that would take them across China’s northwestern provinces.After this，they would face the Gobi Desert，arguably the greatest danger of the Silk Road. The Gobi Desert，the largest desert in Asia，consists mainly of rocky，hard earth.This feature made it easier for traders to travel across，compared to sandy deserts like the neighbouring Taklamakan Desert.Like other deserts，the Gobi Desert is dry and hot，and therefore the biggest challenge travellers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels. So，rest stops were created along the route，allowing travellers to rest，eat and drink.These places also promoted the exchange of goods，and even ideas，amongst the travellers who stopped there.Usually，the rest stops were placed within a day’s journey of each other.In this way，travellers could avoid spending too much time in the desert，which would make them targets for robbers，another danger of the Silk Road. Once through the Gobi Desert，travellers would continue their journey into Iran，Turkey，and finally Europe.While this part of the journey may have been less dangerous，it is not entirely without its perils. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了穿越丝绸之路的商人面临两大挑战：一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路上可能遭遇歹徒抢劫。 4．The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refers to “________”． A．making huge profits B．travelling the Silk Road C．exchanging goods and ideas D．connecting different civilizations B　[代词指代题。根据上文中的“Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road”可知，尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。根据该句表达的含义可推断出it指“穿越丝绸之路”。故选B。] 5．Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts? A．The desert’s surface was easier to walk on. B．Camels for transportation were easier to find. C．It was smaller and could be crossed in less time. D．There were more natural water sources available. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，戈壁沙漠之所以比其他沙漠容易穿越，是因为戈壁沙漠地表主要是坚硬的岩石，比较容易行走。故选A。] 6．What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert? A．Travellers were offered free accommodation. B．They were located around the edges of the desert. C．Travellers staying there were often attacked by criminals. D．They were shared by travellers from different countries. D　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段前两句可知，沿途设立了驿站，让旅客休息、吃饭和喝水。这些地方也促进了停留在那里的旅客之间的商品甚至思想的交流。由此推知，丝绸之路沿途的驿站是世界各国旅行者共享的。故选D。] 7．What is the passage mainly about? A．The origins of the Silk Road. B．The benefits of the Silk Road. C．The difficulties faced by Silk Road travellers. D．The cultural exchange among Silk Road travellers. C　[主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句可知，尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。再结合文章内容可知，本文主要说明了穿越丝绸之路的商人面临两大挑战：一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路上可能遭遇歹徒抢劫。故选C。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 When a fire broke out at Notre Dame Cathedral (巴黎圣母院)in April 2019，people across the globe watched in despair as smoke rose from one of the world’s most famous buildings.__1__ Several museums，palaces and other cathedrals have been damaged or destroyed by fire.Without proper protection measures，fires will continue to destroy them.__2__ Recognize the challenge of protecting cultural buildings. Often built decades or centuries ago，many cultural buildings are constructed with flammable (易燃的)materials and the articles within them are also composed of such materials.__3__ Thus many modern fire protection measures are viewed as damage.The absence of these measures plants seeds of ruin. Find out proper protection methods. These buildings and their contents are very sensitive to smoke，humidity and dust.They require specialized methods that could cause little damage.Meanwhile，some stone structures，which trap heat and smoke，make it difficult for firefighters to get to the source of the flame.__4__ One of them is fire compartmentation (防火分区).It uses fire wall barriers to help limit the spread of fire，which will protect the buildings from burning without damaging them. __5___ Some countries have installed fire protection equipment but can’t take action soon enough.Given this，the Brazilian government completed a project to adopt advanced electrical warning system and to inform firefighters of fires in no time，which would urge them to take immediate action to stop the fire spreading. A．Take action quickly. B．Improve the protection equipment. C．Sadly，it was not a specific example through the years. D．Fortunately，firefighters came just in time to put out the fire. E．So here are some suggestions to help save them from burning. F．Besides，many buildings are under repairs and need to keep their original features. G．However，some traditional strategies of fire protection for such buildings are effective. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针对如何防止文化建筑着火这一问题，给出了一些建议。 1．C　[上文说2019年4月，当巴黎圣母院发生火灾时，全世界的人们都绝望地看着浓烟从这座世界最著名的建筑之一中升起。下文说几座博物馆、宫殿和其他教堂被烧毁。该空承上启下，C选项“遗憾的是，多年来，这不是一个特例”切题。C选项中“it”指的是上文的“巴黎圣母院发生火灾”。故选C。] 2．E　[上文说如果没有适当的保护措施，火灾将继续摧毁它们。下文给出了一些如何防止文化建筑着火的具体建议。该空承上启下，E选项“因此，这里有一些建议，有助于防止它们着火”切题。故选E。] 3．F　[上文说许多文化建筑通常建于几十年或几百年前，是用易燃材料建造的，其中的物品也是由这些材料制成的。该空与上文并列，继续解释需要特别保护文化建筑的原因。F选项“此外，许多建筑正在维修中，需要保持其原始特征”切题。故选F。] 4．G　[上文说与此同时，一些阻挡热量和烟雾的石头建筑使得消防员很难到达火源。下文说其中一个是防火分区。G选项与上文形成转折关系，下文是对G选项的进一步解释，下文中的them，指的就是G选项中的“some traditional strategies”。故选G。] 5．A　[该设空处为段落小标题。根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲了各个国家针对防止文化建筑着火所采取的一些积极有效的措施，所以该段的小标题是“迅速采取行动”。本段中多次出现的action，对应A项中的action。故选A。] Ⅲ.完形填空 Mark Bertram lost the tips of two fingers at work in 2018.After two operations，Bertram decided to make light of his condition by asking Eric Catalano，a tattoo (文身)artist，to __1__ fingernail tattoos for him.His __2__ made everyone in the studio __3__ until they saw the final __4__． “Everything turned from ’funny’ to ’amazing’，” Catalano recalled. Catalano posted a photo of the tattoos，a pair of fingernails that looked so __5__ that people could hardly believe their eyes.Catalano never thought the image would become a hit worldwide. It __6__ Catalano further into the world of paramedical(医疗辅助工作的)tattooing.Now some people with life­changing scars travel long distances to __7__ him.They enter Catalano’s studio to __8__ the artistic healing they saw online.__9__ flesh­toned inks and a needle，Catalano transforms his clients’ __10__ about themselves. Leslie Pollan was bitten on the face by a puppy in 2014.She underwent countless operations to correct the scar on her lip.“Traditional operations made me feel __11__，” she says，“so I search for other __12__．” Catalano hid Pollan’s lip scar __13__，giving her confidence back.“You don’t understand until you’ve been through it，” Pollan says.“It made me have a different __14__ to life.” Every time Catalano sees his customers’ satisfaction，he thinks his work is __15__ and he will keep doing it. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了文身艺术家埃里克·卡塔拉诺通过辅助医疗文身使得身上有伤疤的人改变了对自己的看法，重拾了信心，每当卡塔拉诺看到客户满意的时候，他就认为自己的工作是值得的，他将继续这样做下去。 1．A．create B．cover C．teach D．preserve A　[根据空前“Bertram decided to make light of his condition”以及下文“Catalano posted a photo of the... people could hardly believe their eyes.”可知，伯特伦请文身艺术家埃里克·卡塔拉诺为他创作指甲文身。故选A项。] 2．A．motivation B．excuse C．idea D．command C　[根据“After two operations，Bertram decided to...a tattoo(文身)artist，to ____ fingernail tattoos for him.”可知，这是他的想法。故选C项。] 3．A．worry B．laugh C．hesitate D．freeze B　[根据“Everything turned from ’funny’”可知，他的想法让工作室里的每个人都笑了起来。故选B项。] 4．A．offer B．approval C．decision D．result D　[根据语境可知，此处指他们看到最终的结果。故选D项。] 5．A．real B．flexible C．typical D．familiar A　[根据空后“people could hardly believe their eyes”可知，照片上的一对指甲非常逼真，让人难以相信。故选A项。] 6．A．challenged B．pushed C．rewarded D．restricted B　[根据下文“Now some people with life­changing scars travel long distances to ____ him.”以及“he will keep doing it”可知，这将卡塔拉诺进一步推向了辅助医疗文身领域。故选B项。] 7．A．advertise B．assist C．thank D．visit D　[根据“They enter Catalano’s studio to ____ the artistic healing they saw online.”可知，一些带着改变人生的伤疤的人长途跋涉去拜访他。故选D项。] 8．A．look for B．run into C．get over D．put aside A　[根据“the artistic healing they saw online”可知，他们进入卡塔拉诺的工作室寻找他们在网上看到的艺术治疗。故选A项。] 9．A．Catching sight of B．Paying attention to C．Making use of D．Getting rid of C　[根据“flesh­toned inks and a needle”可知，此处指利用肉色墨水和一根针。故选C项。] 10．A．complaints B．promises C．views D．memories C　[根据下文“giving her confidence back”可知，卡塔拉诺改变了客户对自身的看法。故选C项。] 11．A．disappointed B．hopeful C．shocked D．grateful A　[根据“She underwent countless operations to correct the scar on her lip.”可知，传统的手术让她感到失望。故选A项。] 12．A．adventures B．opportunities C．options D．examples C　[根据上文可知，传统的手术让她感到失望，所以她寻找其他的选择。故选C项。] 13．A．partly B．casually C．temporarily D．perfectly D　[根据“giving her confidence back”可知，卡塔拉诺完美地隐藏了波兰的唇疤。故选D项。] 14．A．suggestion B．attitude C．taste D．routine B　[卡塔拉诺完美地隐藏了波兰的唇疤，给了她信心。这让她对生活有了不同的态度。故选B项。] 15．A．pioneering B．demanding C．outstanding D．worthwhile D　[根据“Every time Catalano sees his customers’ satisfaction”以及“he will keep doing it”可知，每次卡塔拉诺看到客户满意，他都认为自己的工作是值得的。故选D项。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$