UNIT 3 Section Ⅳ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress 课时测评-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版2019）

课时测评12 Section Ⅳ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress—Language points (时间：45分钟　满分：64分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The temperature is increased so that the volume (量；体积) of gas becomes greater. 2．I am more than happy to lend my name to this campaign． 3．Singapore is at the southern tip of this important waterway(水道). 4．Private enterprise(企业) needs the confidence to invest and hire. 5．The next item on the agenda(议程表) is the publicity budget. 6．There will still be lots of challenges if we are to classify garbage (垃圾) in a short time. 7．Characteristics of a city originate (起源) from its unique traditional cultural background. 8．The sky over the city was overspread with a heavy smog． Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共6分) 1．She had no tolerance (tolerate) for jokes of any kind. 2．The power plant was_fined (fine) for safety violations from its last inspection. 3．Environmental conservation (conserve) has been a hot topic in recent years. 4．The first task following the disaster was the restoration (restore) of clean water supplies. 5．The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection (inspect) by their officers. 6．All the passengers，according to the new regulation (regulate)，are to be inspected before boarding the subway. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共15分) 1．人们相信温室气体是全球变暖的主因。(believe) It_is_believed_that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming. 2．我有许多问题要解决，因此无法和你一起去看电影。(with) With_many_problems_to_settle，I can't go to see a film with you. 3．老师容忍学生在讲座期间提问，因为这表明了他们对话题的兴趣。(tolerate) The teacher tolerated_students_asking questions during the lecture，as it showed their interest in the topic. 4．通过共同的努力，受损的珊瑚礁成功地恢复到了健康的状态。(restore) Through joint efforts，the damaged coral reef was_successfully_restored_to a healthy state. 5．饮茶的习惯起源于中国古代。(originate) The practice of drinking tea originated_from_ancient_China． [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2024·重庆八中高二期末) Plastic is under attack these days for the environmental problems it causes.But sustainability­minded shoppers might not be aware that many organic farmers—like their traditional farming neighbors—also rely on plastic.It's spread over the ground as a form of mulch (覆盖物) to control weeds，conserve water and aid plant growth. The flat plastic prevents sunlight from hitting the ground and encouraging weed growth.In addition to weed control，plastic works well with drip irrigation (滴灌)，a system that conserves water by delivering it directly to plant roots.And the plastic also control soil temperature in ways that increase harvest for farmers.Heat­loving crops—like tomatoes，peppers and eggplants—will mature weeks earlier on plastic versus bare ground. Yet there is the disturbing problem of waste.At the end of the season，the vast majority of the plastic is lifted from the ground and then taken to landfills，meaning a major cost and labor challenge for farmers. That's why so many farmers want an alternative.Although natural mulches like straw (稻草) and paper that break down in the soil do exist，they are too costly or for many farmers.But if a plastic mulch could slowly degrade (降解) over the course of the season，disappearing into the field and reducing waste，it would be a dream solution. Right now，however，no such solution exists for organic farms，because the biodegradable plastic mulches on the market all contain petroleum­based materials.According to the law，any biodegradable mulch could only be used if it was 100 percent “bio­based”—that is，made entirely from plant materials.Hopefully，a company would bring a bio­based mulch to market—one that acts like plastic but doesn't contain any petroleum­based materials and so would be approved for use in organic farming. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了农业依赖塑料，但塑料也有它的弊端，可降解的生物塑料覆盖物给有机农业带来解决方案。但目前市面上可降解塑料都含有基于石油的成分，不能满足有机农业要求。 1．What can be inferred from Paragraph 1? A．Plastic causes no environmental problems. B．Plastic bags are still used by many shoppers. C．Plastic is spread over plants to control weeds. D．Plastic is used in traditional and organic farming. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Plastic is under attack...and aid plant growth.”可知，塑料用于传统农业和有机农业。故选D项。 2．What is a benefit of plastic used in farming? A．It allows sunlight to hit the ground. B．It helps some plants to mature earlier. C．It does harm to heat­loving crops. D．It protects plant roots from getting damaged. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Heat­loving crops ...on plastic versus bare ground.”可知，农业中使用的塑料有助于一些植物提前成熟。故选B项。 3．Why do many farmers want an alternative mulch? A．Because plastic mulch breaks down easily. B．Because plastic mulch ends up as waste. C．Because they prefer natural mulches. D．Because they have less space for landfills. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Yet there is the disturbing problem...and labor challenge for farmers.”可知，许多农民想要一种替代覆盖物，因为塑料覆盖物最终会变成废物。故选B项。 4．What can we learn about the biodegradable mulches on the market? A．They are made entirely from plant materials. B．They contain no petroleum­based materials. C．They are not 100 percent “bio­based”． D．They would be allowed for use in organic farming soon. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Right now...from plant materials.”可知，市场上可生物降解的塑料覆盖物都含有基于石油的材料，不是百分百基于生物的材料。故选C项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) We're encouraged to be nice to other people.However，many people __1__ to be nice to the environment.Nature has __2__ the alarm and global warming is quite a big threat today in the 21st century.Carbon dioxide is the largest pollutant.That __3__ causes greenhouse gases to stay in the earth's atmosphere，increasing the temperature of the globe，causing abnormal weather and melting glaciers in the north and south. Simple things we can do every day can help __4__ the earth，prevent the extinction of animals such as the polar bear，and make the earth a __5__ place to live in for us and future generations to come. I've found tons of carbon dioxide are sent out by cars every day, __6__ to the climate crisis.So I decide to take __7__ now to publicize the danger of carbon dioxide，or even do something worthwhile to help slow the rise of the temperature. There are many ways for me to help reduce global warming.I often choose public __8__，buses，for example.This can __9__ money and energy.I prefer to bike or walk whenever I can.Somehow，I've __10__ my body and grown muscles thanks to the preference.If I have to go to a place and I can't walk，I'll share a car with others.I feel very __11__ that New York city has decided to popularize hybrid (混合的) buses. I also try to __12__ friends and family to do the same in order to reduce carbon dioxide release.If everyone does something to help，together we can make a __13__． People who are interested can visit the site www.environmentaldefense.org to work with me.I'm __14__ for everyone's support and let's fight together to make the earth healthy, __15__ and free from pollution. 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。很多人忘记了善待环境，造成全球变暖，这是一个相当大的问题。作者建议从我做起，低碳出行；保护环境，人人有责。 1．A.resolve B．hurry C．swear D．forget 答案：D 解析：根据上文可知，我们被鼓励善待他人。再根据本句中However可知，然而，很多人忘记(forget)了善待环境。故选D。 2．A.shut B．sounded C．preferred D．broken 答案：B 解析：根据语境可知，大自然已经发出了警报。故选B。 3．A.population B．solid C．pollution D．surface 答案：C 解析：根据语境可知，二氧化碳污染导致温室气体滞留在地球的大气层中，全球气温升高，导致气候异常，南北极冰川融化。故选C。 4．A.destroy B．preserve C．decorate D．acknowledge 答案：B 解析：根据下文“prevent the extinction of animals such as the polar bear”可知，这些简单的事情是对地球的保护。故选B。 5．A.quieter B．hotter C．better D．larger 答案：C 解析：根据下文可知，为了我们和下一代能够居住，所以此处意为让地球成为一个更利于居住的地方。故选C。 6．A.leading B．admitting C．adapting D．applying 答案：A 解析：根据上文可知，每天汽车排出大量的二氧化碳，应该是导致气候危机。故选A。 7．A.breath B．action C．cover D．offer 答案：B 解析：根据“publicize the danger of carbon dioxide”可知，“我”决定现在就采取行动，公开二氧化碳的危害。take action固定短语，意为“采取行动”，故选B。 8．A.transportation B．space C．justification D．entertainment 答案：A 解析：根据语境可知，此处指公共交通，故选A。 9．A.produce B．combine C．economize D．employ 答案：C 解析：根据上文可知，“我”选择的交通方式是公共交通，按照常识，这样可以节省钱和能源。故选C。 10．A.enquired about B．pulled up C．cared about D．built up 答案：D 解析：根据“grown muscles”可知，通过这样的方式“我”的身体强健了，肌肉增强了。故选D。 11．A.absurd B．annoyed C．delighted D．sensitive 答案：C 解析：根据下文可知，纽约市决定推广混合动力公交车，这对于减少温室效应，保护地球是有益的。因而作者对此行为是赞同的，高兴的。故选C。 12．A.forbid B．urge C．warn D．permit 答案：B 解析：根据语境可知，为了减少二氧化碳的排放，应该是“我”也试着督促朋友和家人这样做。故选B。 13．A.profit B．promise C．bet D．difference 答案：D 解析：根据语境可知，如果每个人都做一些有利于环境的事，大家一起就能有所作为，就能改变世界。make a difference固定短语，意为“有影响，起作用”。故选D。 14．A.guilty B．qualified C．hungry D．noted 答案：C 解析：根据上文可知，作者提到如果每个人都支持的话，就会改变世界。所以此处是作者渴望得到每个人的支持。be hungry for固定短语，意为“渴望得到，渴求”，故选C。 15．A.autonomous B．digital C．enormous D．clean 答案：D 解析：根据下文远离污染可知，此处指的是干净的地球，故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) (2024·福建省泉州市高二质量监测) Plastic production is energy intensive (能源密集型) and consumes fossil fuels.When burnt，waste plastic gives off heat­trapping gases and other pollutants.Once such emissions (排放) reach a certain level，it results 1.________ environmental problems that will，in turn，harm human beings.All of this makes recycling plastic waste important. China's efforts 2.________ (recycle) plastic waste have contributed 3.________ (significant) to slowing global climate change，reducing oil consumption and carbon emissions by millions of tons.China has also prevented 900 million tons of waste from 4.________ (generate). Over the past decade，China 5.________ (establish) a market­based plastic recycling system with wide­ranging coverage，which accounts for over 45 percent of the world's total recycled plastic waste.China now has the 6.________ (large) plastic recycling capacity (能力) in the world.Its huge plastic recycling industry，which employs about 900，000 workers，recycled 31 percent of the plastic waste produced nationally in 2023，about 1.7 times 7.________ global average rate. China has also made great 8.________ (contribution) to the recycling of plastic waste from other parts of the world.Between 1992 and 2018，China recycled 106 million tons of imported plastic waste，a lot of 9.________ was from the European Union and the United States.This 10.________ (help) save 318 million tons of oil. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国为回收塑料垃圾做出的努力。 1．答案：in 解析：考查介词。result in意为“导致”，为固定短语，故填in。 2．答案：to recycle 解析：考查非谓语动词。空处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰抽象名词efforts，故填to recycle。 3．答案：significantly 解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰动词contributed，应用副词形式，故填significantly。 4．答案：being generated 解析：考查非谓语动词。prevent...from doing sth意为“阻止……做某事”，空处应填动词­ing形式作宾语，且动词generate和waste之间是被动关系，故用动词­ing形式的被动式，故填being generated。 5．答案：has established 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Over the past decade”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语China表示单数意义，助动词用has，故填has established。 6．答案：largest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的the以及空后的“in the world”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级，故填largest。 7．答案：the 解析：考查冠词。此处是倍数表达法“数字＋times＋the＋名词”，故填the。 8．答案：contributions 解析：考查名词的单复数。contribution“贡献”，是可数名词，make great contributions意为“做出巨大贡献”，此处应用名词复数形式，故填contributions。 9．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“imported plastic waste”、指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which，故填which。 10．答案：helped 解析：考查动词的时态。结合上文内容可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填helped。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$