UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language—Discover useful structures-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language—Discover useful structures 直接引语和间接引语 语法串烧 我的发现 　　Upon reaching downtown，I met a bum on the street corner.He saw me walking，stopped me and questioned me as I passed by.①He asked me if I was running away from home.I suppose because I looked so young.②I told him，“Not exactly，sir.”Since my father had given me a ride to the freeway and given me his blessings while saying，③“It is important to follow your dream and what is in your heart，Son.” ④The bum then asked me if he could buy me a cup of coffee. I told him，“No，sir，but a soda would be great.” We walked to a corner shop and sat down on a couple of swiveling stools while we enjoyed our drinks. After talking for a few minutes，⑤the friendly bum told me to follow him. ⑥He told me that he had something grand to show me and share with me. We walked a couple of blocks until we came upon the Public Library. ①④⑤⑥为间接引语； ②③为直接引语。 直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 直接引语如果改为间接引语，需在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。 1．连接词的选择 (1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。 The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.” 小男孩说：“我正在玩我的玩具，这时有人敲门。” →The little boy said (that) he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door. 小男孩说，他正在玩他的玩具，那时有人敲门。 (2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或．..or not)或if引导。 Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？” 妈妈对她的女儿说：“你对你的新房间满意吗？” →Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room. 妈妈问她女儿是否对她的新房间满意。 (3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 学生用书第82页 “When will the sports meet be held？”he said. 他说：“什么时候举行运动会？” →He asked when the sports meet would be held. 他问什么时候举行运动会。 [温馨提示]　1.直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句中的“said to sb”常改为told sb。 2．直接引语是疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。 3．疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。 ◎巧学活用1——将直接引语变为间接引语 ①Cathy always says，“I'll do it better next time.” →Cathy_always_says_that_she'll_do_it_better_the_next_time. ②Sarah asked，“What were you doing from nine to eleven this morning？” →Sarah_asked_me_what_I_was_doing_from_nine_to_eleven_that_morning. ③I asked him，“Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight？” →I_asked_him_whether_he_would_stay_at_home_or_go_to_a_film_that_night. 2．人称的变化 (记忆口诀)一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化做相应的改变。 (1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说：“我想有一台自己的电脑。” →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说她想拥有一台自己的电脑。 (2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。 Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？” 她的同事对她说，“你向谁请了假？” →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。 (3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.” 工人们说：“领导们经常让工人们加班。” →The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours. 工人们说领导们经常让工人们加班。 ◎巧学活用2——把下列句子变为间接引语，注意人称变化 ①He said，“She will come here to have a long holiday.” →He_said_that_she_would_go_there_to_have_a_long_holiday. ②She said to me，“You play basketball better than me.” →She_told_me_that_I_played_basketball_better_than_her. 学生用书第83页 ③“I bought this pair of shoes for my father，” Kate said. →Kate_said_that_she_had_bought_that_pair_of_shoes_for_her_father. ④My father said，“I hope you will grow up to be President.” →My_father_said_that_he_hoped_I_would_grow_up_to_be_President. 3．时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如下表： 直接引语 间接引语 句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变) 一般将来时 过去将来时 His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.” 他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。” →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。 The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.” 组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。” →The organizer said that they had begun their plan. 组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。 [温馨提示]　在下面几种情况中，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化。 1．直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，” the teacher said to me. →The teacher told me (that) the earth moves around the sun and that the moon moves around the earth. 2．直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Tom said，“I was born on April 21，1980.” →Tom said he was born on April 21，1980. ◎巧学活用3——把下列句子变为间接引语，注意时态变化 ①He said，“I saw the film yesterday.” →He_said_that_he_had_seen_the_film_the_day_before. ②She said，“I have seen the film.It is good.” →She_said_that_she_had_seen_the_film，and_that_it_was_good. ③He asked，“Is it raining？” →He_asked_if_it_was_raining. ④He said，“I will give my students a few holidays at the end of this month.” →He_said_that_he_would_give_his_students_a_few_holidays_at_the_end_of_that_month. ⑤“Light travels much faster than sound，” my father said to me. →My_father_told_me_that_light_travels_much_faster_than_sound. ⑥“When did you come here？” she asked. →She_asked_me_when_I_had_gone_there. 4．指示词、状语及动词的变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示 代词 this these that those 时间 状语 now today tonight yesterday tomorrow last month(week) next month(week) the day before then that day that night the day before the next/following day the month(week)before the next month(week) two days before 学生用书第84页 地点状语 here there 动词 come bring go take ◎巧学活用4——将直接引语改为间接引语 ①Henry said，“I haven't seen her today.” →Henry_said_that_he_hadn't_seen_her_that_day. ②Helen said to me，“This happened yesterday.” →Helen_told_me_that_had_happened_the_day_before. ③Shelly said，“I arrived two days ago.” →Shelly_said_that_she_had_arrived_two_days_before. 5．引述祈使句通常用“动词＋宾语＋动词不定式”结构。 如果祈使句为否定句，在动词不定式的前面加上not。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用动词order，tell，warn；引述表示请求的祈使句，常用动词ask，beg；引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句，常用动词advise等。 He said，“Please come here again tomorrow.” →He asked me to go there again the next day. 他让我第二天再到那儿去。 He said，“Do have a look yourself first.” →He advised me to have a look myself first. 他建议我自己先看一看。 He said，“Don't make so much noise，boys.” →He told the boys not to make so much noise. 他叫那些男孩不要弄出那么多的噪音。 [温馨提示]　祈使句变间接引语，遵循“一改二变三加四去”原则： 一改：said (to)改为asked或told 二变：said to的宾语变成asked等的宾语 三加：即在动词原形前加to，使其成为动词不定式 四去：去掉please ◎巧学活用5——将直接引语变为间接引语 ①The teacher said to the boy，“Open the door，please！” →The_teacher_told_the_boy_to_open_the_door. ②His father said to him，“Don't leave the window open when you are out.” →His_father_told_him_not_to_leave_the_window_open_when_he_was_out. ③“Please explain why you're late，” the boss said. →The_boss_asked_him_to_explain_why_he_was_late. 学生用书第85页 harmonious adj.和谐的 (教材原句)...promote a harmonious relationship between man and nature，build a sustainable energy system，and advocate a moderate，green，and low­carbon lifestyle. ……促进人与自然的和谐关系，构建可持续能源体系，并且倡导一种适度、绿色和低碳的生活方式。 (1)harmony n.　　　　　　　 融洽；和谐；协调 in harmony with sb/sth 与某人/物协调；与某人/物和谐相处 out of harmony with sb/sth 与某人/物不协调 (2)harmoniously adv. 融洽 单句语法填空/读后续写之主旨升华 (1)In order to live harmoniously(harmony)，sometimes you need to make compromises. (2)As is known to all，a harmonious(harmony)dormitory life is important to students and benefits all of them. (3)When children grow up，their ideas will be out of harmony with their parents. (4)人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，我们存活下去的唯一方法是和自然和谐相处。 Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to_live_in harmony_with_nature． submit vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服 (教材原句)According to the report submitted by researchers，between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests. 根据研究人员提交的报告，每年二氧化碳排放量的20%到25%是由对热带雨林的破坏造成的。 (1)submit to ...　　　 向……屈服/认输 submit oneself to ... 顺从/屈服于…… submit ...to ... 把……提交给…… (2)submission n. 提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈 单句语法填空/应用文写作之通知 (1)She is a strong­willed person who never submits to failure. (2) We have to submit ourselves(we) to discipline. (3)The report is ready for submission (submit) to the board of directors. (4)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。 Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit_the_applications_and_relevant materials by May 15. on behalf of代表(代替)某人 (教材原句)I'm doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming. 我正在代表学校做一个关于全球变暖的项目。 (1)on behalf of sb＝on sb's behalf　　 代表某人 (2)represent v. 代表；象征；表示 (3)stand for 代表；象征；支 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)My husband could not be here tonight，but I want to thank you on his behalf. (2)P.O.stands for post office or postal order. 学生用书第86页 (3)我代表我们学校热情、真诚地欢迎你们来到中国。 →On_behalf_of_our_school/On_our_school's_behalf，I welcome you to China warmly and sincerely.(behalf) →Representing_our_school，I welcome you to China warmly and sincerely.(represent) sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 (教材原句)Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic？为什么核能是一个敏感话题？ (1)be sensitive to　　　 对……敏感 be sensitive about 介意……；在乎…… (2)sense n. 感觉；判断力；意义 v. 感觉 a sense of... ……感 make sense 有道理，讲得通 make sense of 理 单句语法填空/应用文写作之校园活动 (1)She is very sensitive about her appearance. (2)Opposition can't be avoided，so stop being so sensitive to voting outcomes. (3)我们都认为这个计划有道理。 We all agreed that the_plan_made_sense． 维度一　将下列直接引语改为间接引语 1．Henry said，“I don't want to stay here.” →Henry said that_he_didn't_want_to_stay_there． 2．My teacher asked me，“Do you like American country music？” →My teacher asked me if/whether_I_liked_American_country_music． 3．Sally asked me，“Will you please pass me the dictionary？” →Sally asked me if/whether_I_would_pass_her_the_dictionary． 4．My father said，“I worked here twenty years ago.” →My father said that_he_had_worked_there_twenty_years_before． 5．The geography teacher said to us，“The earth turns around the sun.” →The geography teacher told us that_the_earth_turns_around_the_sun． 6．“Don't swim out too far，” the teacher said to the boys. →The_teacher_told_the_boys_not_to_swim_out_too_far． 7．“Do，please，send me to a warm climate，” she said to me. →She asked me to_send_her_to_a_warm_climate． 8．“Make sure the door is shut when you go out，” Father said to me. →Father told_me_to_make_sure_that_the_door_was_shut_when_I_went_out． 9．She asked me，“What's the matter with you？” →She asked me what_was_the_matter_with_me． 10．“What a lovely girl she is！” he said. →He_said_what_a_lovely_girl_she_was./He_said_that_she_was_a_lovely_girl. 维度二　语法与写作 1．她问那本书是否是他的。 She asked whether/if_that_book_was_his． 学生用书第87页 2.地理老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。 The geography teacher told us that_the_sun_rises_in_the_east_and_sets_in_the_west． 3．彼得告诉我他明年要来中国。 Peter told me that he_would_come_to_China_the_next_year． 4．老师要求学生们上课时不要往窗外看。 The teacher asked the students not_to_look_out_of_the_windows_in_class． 5．在这里我很荣幸地代表学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。 I'm honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you on_behalf_of_our_school． 6．作为一个意志坚强、充满决心的人，她从不轻易向失败屈服。 As a strong­willed person with determination，she_never_easily_submits_to_failure． 7．尽管有所不同，但这两个朋友之间和谐的关系让他们能够一起克服任何挑战。 Despite their differences，the_harmonious_relationship between the two friends allowed them to overcome any challenge together. 维度三　语法与语篇 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列短文。 A few minutes later，the other two cyclists arrived.They were shocked to find Mac's bicycle lying on the road，his tent bag torn and Mac just like a drowned mouse.They asked anxiously 1.what_on_earth_had_happened(到底发生了什么).Mac responded breathlessly that 2.he_was_almost_eaten_by_a_wolf(他差点被一匹狼吃掉).When told about 3.what_Mac_had_experienced(Mac经历了什么)，they couldn't help screaming out，“What a narrow escape！”“Yes，without their timely help，I would have been the food of the wolf.”Mac's friends were also thankful to Paul and Becky.Afraid that there might be more potential dangers ahead，Paul and Becky asked kindly 4.whether/if_they_were_in_need_of_a_lift(他们是否需要搭便车).Mac and his friends answered with one voice，5.“We'd_love_to(我们乐意).” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$