UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking—Reading comprehension-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（人教版2019）

单元目标速览 单元话题导入 学生用书第70页 Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking—Reading comprehension Step One：Pre­reading 1．Look at the pictures and tell us what is happening. 2．What other environmental problems do you know? ①River_pollution. ②Noise_pollution. ③Rubbish_carelessly_disposed. ④Energy_exhaustion. 3．What is greenhouse effect? Greenhouse_effect_is_the_phenomenon_that_greenhouse_gases_trap_the_heat_of_the_sun_and_keep_it_from_escaping，which_causes_our_world_to_heat_up. Step Two：While­reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea 　What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Some polar bears died of starvation. B．What the greenhouse effect is. C．How the polar bears find food. D．Global warming has caused some disasters and we must pay attention to it. 答案：D Ⅱ.Match the main idea with each paragraph Para.1　A．We need to do something to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Para.2 B．The rise in temperature has caused natural disasters. Para.3 C．Earth is getting warmer and warmer. Para.4 D．A dead polar bear was found，which alarmed some experts. Para.5 E．Why the Earth is getting warmer and warmer. 答案：Paras.1－5　CDEBA Ⅲ.Read for the structure Ⅳ.Read for details 1．Why was a polar bear referred to in the second paragraph? A．To introduce the subject. B．To explain the reason. C．To show the dangerous situation of polar bears. D．To show the effect of the global climate change. 学生用书第71页 2.What's the main reason for the global climate change? A．The “man­made” greenhouse effect. B．The natural greenhouse effect. C．Methane and carbon dioxide. D．The short­wave radiation. 3．What's the main idea of the 4th paragraph? A．The increasing extreme weather. B．The consequences of high greenhouse gas emissions. C.The warming trend will last for a long time. D．People will pay a high price. 4．What's the purpose of the text? A．The long­lasting changes to the global climate. B．The decreasing number of polar bears. C.People all over the world should pay attention to the climate change. D．The “greenhouse effect” has become a big problem. 答案：1－4　DABC Step Three：Post­reading Ⅰ.难句解构 1. 尝试翻译　有确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏而且使人丧命。 2. 尝试翻译　我们有责任抓住每一个机会教育每个人了解全球变暖及其成因和影响，因为这是影响地球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 1．教材佳句　In 2013，a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard.(心理描写——震惊) 学后仿写　他们对旅行中自然风光的美丽感到震惊。 They were_shocked_by the beauty of the natural landscape during their trip. 2．教材佳句　According to the scientists who found its dead body，all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”．(外貌描写) 学后仿写　经过一场大病，他出院时瘦得只剩下皮包骨了。 After a serious illness，he_was_just_skin_and_bones when he came out of the hospital. Ⅲ.品质升华 1．Do you think climate change is the result of human activity? Give your reasons.(Critical Thinking批判性思维) Yes，humans_burn_fossil_fuels_like_coal，natural_gas_and_oil_to_produce_energy，along_with_some_by­products_called_greenhouse_gases_like_carbon_dioxide，methane_and_water__vapour，which_trap_heat_from_the_sun_and_therefore_warm_the_Earth.So，the_growth_of_the_greenhouse_gas_in_the_air__actually_comes__as_a_result_of_things_we_do_every_day_and_the_way_we_produce_and_use_energy. 2．Who do you think should take responsibility for dealing with climate change? What can we do？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) It_is_everyone's_duty_to_take_care_of_the_Earth_and_do_our_part_to_tackle_global_warming.Travel_on_foot，by_bike_or_public_transport. Buy_things_that_are_economical_with_energy. Buy_products_made_from_recycled_materials. Recycle_materials_and_objects，which_take_a_lot_of_energy_to_make. Plant_more_trees_and_protect_the_forests，which_absorb_carbon_dioxide_from_the_air. Be_an_educator_about_global_warming，along_with_its_causes_and_impacts. 学生用书第72页 …………………………………………………………………………………◎ ①for decades 几十年 ②graph n．图；图表；曲线图 ③along with 和……一起 主语后有along with连接的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。 ④melt vi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化 ⑤provide evidence 提供证据 ⑥dramatic adj.急剧的；戏剧的 a dramatic change 急剧变化 ⑦be shocked by 因……而震惊 ⑧according to 根据，按照 ⑨remain v．剩余；留下；残存 ⑩starve vi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死 starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死 ⑪claim v．宣称；要求；索取 ⑫seal n．海豹 ⑬as before 像以前一样 ⑭alarming adj.令人担忧的；令人惊恐的 alarmed adj.感到担忧的；感到惊恐的 ⑮have an impact on 对……有影响(＝have an effect on) ⑯ecology n．生态；生态学 ⑰key adj.最重要的；主要的；关键的 ⑱refer to 指的是；参考；涉及；适用于 ⑲release vt.&n.排放；释放；发布 ⑳methane n．甲烷；沼气 ㉑carbon n．碳 ㉒dioxide n．二氧化物 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 ㉓trap vt.使陷入困境；绊住；捕捉 be trapped in ...被困在…… ㉔habitable adj.适合居住的 ㉕sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住 sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的 ㉖huge amounts of 大量，许多(＝a huge amount of) ㉗fossil n．化石 ㉘fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 fossil fuel化石燃料(如煤或石油) ㉙comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的 a comprehensive study 全面研究 comprehensive surveys 综合调查 a comprehensive school一所综合性学校 ㉚worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的 ㉛trend n．趋势；趋向；动向 ㉜frequently adv.频繁地；经常 frequent adj.频繁的；经常的 ㉝broadcast vt.&vi.(broadcast, broadcast)播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目 ㉞loss n．损失；遗失；失败 ㉟continued adj.继续的，持久的 ㊱emission n．排放物；散发物；排放 ㊲result in 导致 ㊳long­lasting adj.持久的，长期的 ㊴policy n．政策；方针；原则 ㊵as individuals 作为个人 ㊶footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积 ㊷restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚 restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束 ㊸responsibility n．责任，职责，义务 It's one's responsibility to do sth做某事是某人的责任 ㊹seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制 seize an opportunity抓住机会 ㊺issue n．问题；发行物 vt.发行，发布；放出，排出 ◎………………………………………………………………………………… CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD'S ATTENTION We have known about climate change for decades①.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer[1] (see the graph②). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with③ melting④ ice and rising sea levels provide evidence⑤ of a dramatic⑥ change in the global climate. [1]本句是复合句。There is little doubt ...意为“毫无疑问……”，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。 In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by⑦ a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard[2]. According to⑧ the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained⑨ of the polar bear was “skin and bones”．[3] An expert who has studied polar bears for many years[4] said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved⑩ and died[5]. Experts claimed⑪ that low sea­ice levels caused by climate change[6] meant the bear could not hunt seals⑫ as before⑬， so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming⑭ case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on⑮ Earth's ecology⑯. [2]that was found ...Svalbard是定语从句，修饰先行词a dead polar bear。 [3]本句是复合句。who found its dead body是定语从句，修饰先行词scientists; that remained ...bear是定语从句，修饰先行词all, that不能用which代替。 [4]who has studied ...years是定语从句，修饰先行词An expert。 [5]to have starved and died是动词不定式短语，作系动词appear的表语。 [6]caused by climate change是动词­ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词low sea­ice levels。 学生用书第73页 Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature？Climate scientists often mention a key⑰ climate process called the “greenhouse effect”， which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man­made” greenhouse effect.[7] The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to⑱ the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short­wave radiation[8]. The heat is released⑲ back into space at longer wave lengths.Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane⑳ and carbon㉑dioxide㉒，trap㉓ some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable㉔[9]. Without this process, Earth could not sustain㉕life.However, the “man­made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem.When people produce huge amounts of㉖ extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil㉗fuels㉘[10], more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly[11]. [7]本句是复合句。called the “greenhouse effect”是动词­ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词a key climate process; which has ...effect是定语从句，修饰先行词the “greenhouse effect”。 [8]that heat ...radiation是that引导的同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容。 [9]画线部分是动词­ing形式短语作结果状语，warm and habitable是形容词作宾语补足语。 [10]burning fossil fuels是动词­ing形式短语作介词by的宾语。 [11]to rise quickly是动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。 There is strong and comprehensive㉙evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide㉚， not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives.[12]Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend㉛ will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay[13].In fact, news reports are frequently㉜broadcast㉝ about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses㉞[14]. 学生用书第74页 [12]本句是复合句。There is ...evidence是主句；that the rise ...lives是同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容；not only causing ...和but also costing ...是两个并列的动词­ing形式短语作结果状语。 [13]to pay是动词不定式作定语，修饰名词a higher price。 [14]causing deaths and economic losses是动词­ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰名词短语rainstorms and heatwaves。 Continued㉟ greenhouse gas emissions㊱ will result in㊲ further warming and long­lasting㊳ changes to the global climate.This requires the attention of people all over the world.Governments need to consider making policies㊴ and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.[15]We as individuals㊵ can also reduce our “carbon footprint㊶”by restricting㊷ the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce[16]. It is our responsibility㊸ to seize㊹every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue㊺ affecting all of us on this planet.[17] So what will you do to help [18]? [15]本句是简单句。to consider ...and measures是动词不定式短语作动词need的宾语；making ...和taking ...是两个并列的动词­ing形式短语作动词consider的宾语；to reduce ...emissions是动词不定式短语作目的状语。 [16]our lifestyles produce是定语从句，省略了关系代词that/which，修饰先行词carbon dioxide。 [17]句中It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to seize every opportunity to educate...作真正的主语；because引导原因状语从句；affecting all ...为动词­ing形式作定语，修饰名词issue。 [18]to help是动词不定式作目的状语。 …………………………………………………………………………………◎ 气候变化需要全世界的关注 我们了解气候变化已有数十年之久了。毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。海洋和大气变暖，以及冰层融化、海平面上升，都为全球气候急剧变化提供了依据。 2013年，在挪威的北极圈斯瓦尔巴群岛的一个岛上，(人们)发现了一只死亡的北极熊，这张新闻图片令许多人感到震惊。据发现北极熊尸体的科学家说，这只北极熊仅剩“皮包骨”。一位多年研究北极熊的专家说，从尸体的姿势看，这只北极熊像是饿死的。专家称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物。这一令人惊恐的案例反映了气温上升对地球生态造成的影响。 学生用书第75页 那么，到底是什么导致全球平均地表温度上升呢？气候科学家们常常会提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”；它有两个常见的含义：“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应。“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。这一热量以更大的波长被释放回太空。大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。如果没有这一过程，地球就无法维系生命。然而，“人造”温室效应现在却成为一个大问题。当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致地表温度迅速上升。 有确凿、全面的证据表明，温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏而且使人丧命。气候学家已发出警告：如果我们不采取适当的行动，这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去，而我们将为此付出更大的代价。事实上，有关极端暴风雨和热浪造成死亡和经济损失的新闻报道已屡见不鲜。 温室气体的持续排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖，并带来持久的变化。这需要全世界人的关注。各国政府需考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施以减少温室气体的排放。作为个人，我们可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。我们有责任抓住每一个机会教育每个人了解全球变暖及其成因和影响，因为这是影响地球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。那么，你会做些什么来贡献力量呢？ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$