UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language—Discover useful structures-【金版新学案】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套教参（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language—Discover useful structures 动词不定式作主语 语法串烧 我的发现 Develop a healthy lifestyle ①How to keep healthy is always a concern for people.First of all，it is important for you ②to have a light diet every day to maintain good health.Second，③to go to bed early and get up early not only is good for health and helps prevent disease but also keeps you in good shape.Third，it's wise of you ④to laugh more every day，which can help you improve your health through good emotional control.It's important ⑤to follow good habits and keep a positive attitude.In addition，⑥to exercise for half an hour every day can improve circulation and make your body healthier.Finally，to promote health，it is also an effective way ⑦to drink enough water every day. ①疑问词how＋动词不定式短语作主语； ②动词不定式作真正的主语，it在句中作形式主语； ③动词不定式作主语； ④动词不定式作真正的主语，it在句中作形式主语； ⑤动词不定式作真正的主语，it在句中作形式主语； ⑥动词不定式作主语； ⑦动词不定式作真正的主语，it在句中作形式主语。 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以作主语(有名词和代词的作用)，通常表示具体的、特定的行为。 1．动词不定式作主语的基本用法 (1)动词不定式位于句首 To study English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To save money now seems impossible. 现在想省钱似乎是不可能的。 [温馨提示]　表示单一概念的动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To make up for the lost time is not possible. 要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。 (2)多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末，特别是动词不定式短语较长时。常用于下列句式中。 ①It＋be＋名词＋to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. 照顾老人是我们的责任。 ②It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb)＋to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 我们很难在十五分钟内写完这篇作文。 It's clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你能解出这道数学题真聪明。 [温馨提示]　1.该句式结构中for sb前常用表示事物的特征、特点的形容词，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting，impossible等。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 学生用书第49页 2.of sb前一般用表示人物的性格、品德及主观感情或态度的形容词，如good，kind，nice，clever，foolish，right等。 It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 3．“疑问词＋动词不定式短语”作主语可置于句首。 How to use the computer is a question. 如何使用计算机是个问题。 ◎巧学活用1——完成句子 ①步行去银行大约用十分钟时间。 It takes about ten minutes to_walk_to_the_bank． ②在一天结束的时候，我们很容易入睡。 It is easy for us to_go_to_sleep_at_the_end_of_the_day． ③你这样说真是太好了。 It's_very_kind_of_you to say so. ④这是一个特殊的时刻，我和我的孩子们建立了联系，让他们沉浸在书的奇妙中。 It was a special time to_bond_with_my_children and it filled them with the wonderment of books. ⑤什么时候开会还没有定下来呢。 When_to_hold_the_meeting hasn't been decided yet. ⑥这些结果表明，要想从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西可能是明智的。 The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise，it may be wise to_skip_eating_first． 2．动词不定式与动词­ing形式作主语的区别 (1)动词­ing形式作主语通常表示抽象动作；而动词不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited here. 这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not good for you to smoke so much. 你抽这么多烟对你身体不好。(具体) (2)动词­ing形式短语作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。动词不定式短语作主语时，通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting. 爬山很有趣。(经验) To finish the task will take a long time. 完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(未完成的事) (3)动词不定式作主语，一般用it作形式主语，把作真正的主语的动词不定式短语后置。 动词­ing形式作真正的主语的句型有：It's no good (use，fun) doing/It's a waste of time doing等。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 我仅用了5分钟便完成了工作。 It is no good arguing with him.He never listens to others.和他争论没用，他从不听别人的。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空 ①Walking (walk)is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old. ②Driving (drive) a car during the rush hour is tiring. ③It is no use crying (cry)over the split milk. ④Playing (play)with fire is dangerous. ⑤To_play (play)with fire will be dangerous. 学生用书第50页 make up one's mind下定决心 (教材原句)We need to make up our minds and show some discipline ... 我们需要下定决心，表现出一些纪律性…… change one's mind　　 改变主意 bear/keep ...in mind 将……记在心中；记起；考虑 have ...in mind 考虑；打算 keep/fix one's mind on/upon 将注意力集中于…… come to/into one's mind 突然记起(或想到) read one's mind 看出某人的心 [温馨提示]　make up one's mind中的名词mind有单复数的变化，根据one's的单复数来确定mind的单复数。 单句语法填空/读后续写之心理描写 (1)Peter changed his(he) mind after a phone call at the last minute. (2)With his mind fixed on/upon the things not related to his studies，his marks have fallen rapidly. (3) After graduation，they made up their minds(mind) to go and settle in the countryside. (4)突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海里。 All of a sudden，a terrible thought came_into_my_mind． be composed of 由……组成(或构成)的 (教材原句)Life is composed of many elements，such as family，friends，study，work，entertainment，and so on. 生命是由许多元素组成的，比如家庭、朋友、学习、工作和娱乐等。 (1)be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of　　 由……组成/构成 (2)compose vt.&vi. 组成；作曲；撰写 composition n. 作文；作曲；作品；成分 composer n. 作曲家；创作 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)Mozart composed(compose) his last opera shortly before he died. (2)We had to write a composition (compose) on the subject “My Pet”． (3) He was the first Russian composer (compose) whose music made a lasting impression internationally. (4)以个人或集体朗诵中国古典文学作品和才艺表演为形式的中国古典文学朗诵比赛受到所有学生的欢迎。 →A Chinese Classical Literature Recitation contest which_is_composed_of/is_made_up of/consists_of reciting Chinese classical literature individually or in a group and talent shows is popular with all the students.(定语从句) →A Chinese Classical Literature Recitation contest composed_of/made_up_of/consisting_of reciting Chinese classical literature individually or in a group and talent shows is popular with all the students.(分词作定语) 学生用书第51页 disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼 (教材原句)It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night. 昨天晚上用很大的音乐干扰你的邻居是不礼貌的。 disturbed adj.　　 心神不安的；心烦不安的；烦恼的 disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的 disturbance n. 打扰；扰 单句语法填空/句式升级 (1)He felt disturbed (disturb) when he heard his mother was ill. (2)We can't focus on our homework because of the disturbing (disturb) noise. (3)I need a place where I can work without disturbance (disturb). (4)You'd better say sorry to those who were disturbed by your loud noise. →You'd better say sorry to those disturbed_by_your_loud_noise．(用非谓语动词改写) 维度一　单句语法填空 1．He will find it is easy to make friends in this city. 2．To_get (get) there by bike will take us half an hour. 3．How long did it take you to_finish (finish)the work? 4．As is known，only working (work) hard leads to happiness. 5．How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue! 6．To improve people's lives and to speed up socialist construction are (be) two important tasks today. 7．It is my ambition to_make (make) sure that the disabled people have access to all public buildings. 8．What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. 9．After consulting with a nutrition consultant(consult)，she changed her diet and started feeling healthier. 10．My friend became a nutrition specialist(special)，and now she always gives me advice on a healthy diet. 维度二　语法与写作 1．被一所重点大学录取是我一直追求的目标。 To_be_admitted_to/into_a_key_university is the goal I have been pursuing. 2．吃太多的糖和肥肉对你(身体)很不好。 It is not very good for you to_eat_too_much_sugar_and_fat． 3．听他那样谈话我们非常气愤。 It made us very angry to_hear_him_talk_like_that． 4．完成这项工程只花了我们一年时间。 It only took us a year to_complete_the_project． 5．你为我们想得那么多，真是太好了。 It's kind of_you_to_think so much for us. 6．哭没有用，只有努力才能改变你现在糟糕的处境。 It_is_no_use_crying,_and it is hard work that can change your present terrible situation. 学生用书第52页 维度三　语法与语篇 运用所学动词不定式(短语)作主语完成下面短文。 1．To_learn_a_second_language (学习一门第二语言) is my dream.I know that it is difficult 2.to_learn_it_well (学好它).I turned to my teacher for help.He told me that it will take a lot of time and energy 3.to_master_the_language (掌握这门语言).As we all know，speaking and writing play an important part in learning a language.Therefore，it is necessary for me 4.to_make_a_pen_pal_to practice_the_language (交一个笔友来练习这门语言). 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$