第02讲 选择性必修三Unit 2 Out of this world 教材知识新课预习-【寒假自学课】2025年高二英语寒假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

第02讲 Unit 2 Out of this world (选择必修三) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用与太空探索相关的词汇、语法等知识； 文化意识：了解在太空探索方面取得的巨大成就，学习和借鉴人类文明的优秀成果； 思维品质：分析和思考人类探索宇宙的意义，作出正确的价值判断； 学习能力：小组合作提出人类移居外星球的解决方案。 单元知识点 单元词汇 1. absence n. 缺席；缺乏，不存在 [教材原句]Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around. 由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，才不会四处漂浮。 (1)absence from 缺席；不在 absence of mind 心不在焉 in one's absence 某人不在时 in the absence of 缺乏；缺少……时 (2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的 be absent from 不参加；缺席 (3)absent­minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的 2. bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi. 花费时间精力(做某事) n. 麻烦，困难 [教材原句]It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more. 试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 bother to do sth.操心/费心做某事 bother with/about sth.为某事费心 bother doing sth.费心做某事 bother sb.with sth.用某事打扰某人 It bothers/bothered sb.that.../to do...使某人烦恼的是…… can't be bothered to do sth.不想花时间或精力做某事 3. occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 [教材原句] The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. 占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。 (1)occupy oneself with sth./(in) doing sth. 忙于……；专心于…… (2)occupied adj. 忙于……的；使用中的 be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事 (3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作 4. circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，(尤指)经济状况 [教材原句]In the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk. 在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。 under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装) under/in any circumstances 在任何情况下 if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许 [名师点津] (1)under no circumstances意为“决不”，为表示否定意义的介词短语，放在句首时常用部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。有类似用法的短语还有by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, on no account, at no time等。 (2)circumstance意为“环境，情况”时为抽象地点名词，当其作先行词，并在从句中作状语时，用where或“介词＋which”引导定语从句。有类似用法的词还有point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，scene，occasion，environment等。 5. in view of鉴于，考虑到 [教材原句] In view of the low­gravity environment, eating is also different in space. 鉴于低重力环境，饮食在太空中也有所不同。 (1)in one's view 在某人看来 come into view 看得见，进入视野 in view 在视野范围内 have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览 (2)view...as 把……看作 [名师点津]view 意为“观点”时，其常用结构为in one's view, from one's point of view, hold the view；其同义短语有in one's opinion, as far as sb.be concerned。 6. vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 [教材原句]Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health. 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。 be of vital importance＝be very important 至关重要 be vital for/to 对……极为重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth.… ……是十分重要的。 It is vital to do sth.做某事很重要。 7. crucial adj. 至关重要的,关键性的 [教材原句]Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy. 哈勃(太空望远镜)的观测在发现神秘的暗能量方面发挥了至关重要的作用。 be crucial to/for sb./sth. 对某人/某物来说至关重要 be crucial to doing sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial that sb. (should) do sth.某人做某事是至关重要的 crucial后跟句子时,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟,其中should可以省略。 8. calculate vt. 计算,核算;预测,推测 [教材原句]It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.据统计,全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 (1)calculate that/wh-clause　计算……;预测…… calculate on/upon 指望;期待 be calculated to do sth. 计划做/打算做/旨在做某事 It is calculated that... 据估算…… (2)calculation n.[C,U]计算;预测 calculator n.计算器 9. assistant n. 助理;售货员;助教 adj. 助理的;副的 [教材原句]There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers, mechanics and research assistants. 地面上有很多支持人员,比如工程师、机械修理工和研究助理。 (1)an assistant to...　　……的助手 teaching assistant/assistant teacher 助教 shop assistant 店员 (2)assist v. 帮助;协助 assist (sb.) with sth./ in (doing) sth.　帮助(某人)(做)某事;在(做)某事上协助(某人) assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 (3)assistance n.援助;帮助 come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人 10. shelter n. 居所,住处,庇护vt. 保护,掩蔽 vi. 躲避 [教材原句]We should find permanent shelter that offers long-term protection from radiation.我们应该找到能长期保护我们免受辐射的永久的居所。 (1)take/seek shelter from... 躲避…… under the shelter of... 　　在……的庇护下 give sb. shelter 庇护某人 (2)shelter...from... 保护/庇护……免受…… 单元句型 1. as“尽管”，引导让步状语从句 [教材原句]Splendid_as_the_view_of_the_Earth_is,_spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 (1)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句； (2)“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”，引导时间状语从句； (3)“按照……的方式(办法)；如同……”，引导方式状语从句； (4)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句； (5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...句型，意为“像……一样……”(第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词)。 [名师点津]　as引导让步状语从句必须使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面，如果表语是单数可数名词，提前时应省掉冠词。 2. That’s why… [教材原句]That's_why every spacewalk is carefully planned. 这就是为什么每次太空行走都要经过精心策划。 (1)This/That/It is why...这/那是……的原因 (why引导表语从句， 表示结果) (2)This/That/It is because...这是/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因) (3)The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句， that引导表语从句， 表示原因) 【巩固练习】 I.根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1. He laid the ________(found) of his success by study and hard work. 2. Accidents on that highway are happening with increasing ________(frequent). 3. We need to carry out a proper ________(evaluate) of the new system. 4. He doesn't seem to understand the ________(grave) of the situation. 5. It is ________(universe) acknowledged that dogs have an acute sense of smell. 6. After only a short ________(expose) to sunlight he began to turn red. 7. His long ________(absent) raised fears about his safety. 8. Several instructors were promoted to ________(assist) professor this year. 9. A good teacher has to be able to ________(motive) her students. 10. The lessons cost me over $500, but I consider them a good ________(invest). Ⅱ.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 cast new light on; lay the foundation for; in view of; plain to see; in the circumstances; differ from; come to an end 1. Twin brothers as they are, they ________________ each other in many aspects. 2. His previous work experience ________________ his career in oil painting. 3. ________________ the positive feedback from the audience, the director decided to work on a new season. 4.Recent researches ________________ the economic consequences of this event. 5.As it was expected, the meeting ________________ at 9 p.m.. III.完成句子 1. ________________________, he makes little progress.(as引导让步状语从句) 尽管他努力学习，但几乎没有取得什么进步。 2.How beautiful she sings！________________________.(否定词＋比较级) 她唱得多美啊！我从没听过这么好的声音。 3.The reason ________________________ not only can I improve my English，but also I can broaden my horizon. 我喜欢读“Youth”的原因是我不仅可以提高英语，而且可以拓宽我的视野。 4. ________________________ he opened the door.(现在分词作伴随状语) 他从口袋里掏出钥匙，开了门。 5. 事实上，太空探索很可能会帮助我们理解宇宙的未来。(it is likely that...) Actually, ________________________ space exploration can help us understand the future of the universe. 单元语法 主语从句 考点一、that引导的主语从句 1.that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分,也无任何意义。 2.有时为了平衡句子结构,用it充当形式主语,而将that从句置于后面。that引导主语从句时通常不能省略,尤其是位于句首时。 3.主语从句中常用it作形式主语的句型有: (1)It+be+形容词 (clear, obvious, true, possible, certain, important, necessary, strange, natural, likely, surprising, vital等) + that从句 (2)It+be+名词(词组)(a pity, a shame, an honour, a fact, no wonder, no surprise等) + that从句 (3)It+be+过去分词 (said, reported, announced, proved, thought, expected, hoped, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, required, demanded等) + that从句 在上述it充当形式主语的句型中,若形容词是important, necessary, strange, natural, vital, essential等,过去分词中的动词是表“建议、命令、要求、请求”的动词,如suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, require, request, urge,demand等,那么that从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。 (4)It+不及物动词(短语) (happened,occurred,seemed,appeared,turned out等)+that从句 考点二、whether引导的主语从句 whether意为“是否”,引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分。 (1)whether引导主语从句时可以放在句首,也可以让it充当形式主语,真正的主语后置。 (2)whether引导主语从句时一般不能用if替代。 考点三、连接代词引导的主语从句 连接代词包括:what, who, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 what引导主语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,相当于定语从句中的“先行词+关系代词”的形式,表示“……的事情(时间、地点、样子等)”。 What (=The thing that) he had heard made him very depressed. 他听到的事使他非常沮丧。 考点四、连接副词引导的主语从句 连接副词包括:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever等,在主语从句中作状语。 “疑问词+ever”既能引导主语从句,又能引导让步状语从句。但是“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 【巩固练习】 (1)It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (2)________ makes mistakes must correct them. (3)________ they won the game was what we had expected. (4)________ happened that I was there that evening. (5)After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ________ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space. (6)________ made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (7)________ we should cherish time is worth thinking. (8)It’s a pity ________ we can’t go. (9)It is suggested ________ we (should) study hard in return for our parents' devotion. (10)We sell handmade gifts. ________ gift you order from us is unique for the special person! 单元写作 写一篇关于外星人的故事 讲述偶遇外星人的经历属于想象类作文,主要记述遇到外星人的背景,整个事件的过程并简单发表一下对该事件的感想。体裁以记叙文为主。 典题分析 假定你是李华,请根据下面的提示用英语写一篇周记,记述你遇到外星人的一次经历。内容如下: 　　1.周四晚上遇到一个外星人(个子矮、头和眼睛很大、棕色皮肤); 　　2.乘坐UFO,遨游太空,欣赏夜景; 　　3.你的感受。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [写作迁移] 假如你是李华，你参加了上周学校举行的以“太空”为主题的年度“科学节”活动. 请你给新西兰朋友 David写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： 1. 活动过程；2. 你的感想。 注意：1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯。 Dear David, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 考点1 absence n. 缺席；缺乏，不存在 1. My teachers and classmates helped me with my lessons after my long ________(absent) from school. 2. Love was totally absent ________ his childhood. 3. No teacher and no student was absent ________ the meeting. 4. Due to the near ________(absent) of gravity in space, astronauts usually sleep in sleeping bags and have to attach themselves to avoid floating around. 考点2 bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n. 麻烦，困难 1. We had quite a lot of bother ________(get) here because of the heavy fog. 2. To my disappointment, Tom is ________ bother to his teacher. 3. Why ________(bother) asking if you’re not really interested?   4. The famous film star could hardly walk down the street without being ________(bother). 考点3 occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 1. Having retired from the TV station, the moderator is occupied ________ the welfare of the disabled. 2. In my spare time, I have been ________(occupy) in practising my oral English so I speak English fluently. 3. Her main ________(occupy) seems to be shopping. 4. With teaching ________ her mind, she cares less what is not related to her ________. (occupy) 考点4 circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 1. Under these ________(circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes. 2. You must have your own judgement, and take a critical look ________ surrounding circumstances. 3. In the ________(circumstance), Paisley's plans looked highly appropriate. 4. You should not leave your position under any circumstances. ________ ________ ________ ________ you leave your position. 考点5 vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 1. As a parent, it is vital that you ________(teach) your child the value of money. 2. It is vital ________ teachers should discipline their students in the circumstances. 3. Spending some time in the gym is ________ vital importance to astronauts’ health. 4. As a matter of fact, as for the work, it is vital ________(keep) accurate records. 考点6 calculate vt. 计算,核算;预测,推测 1. It has been calculated ________ the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 2. The scientists are able to make an accurate ________(calculate) about when the spaceship will reach the moon. 3. It is suggested that such figures ________(calculate) by hand instead of using the calculator. 考点7 assistant n. 助理;售货员;助教 adj. 助理的;副的 1. If you need medical ________(assist), tell any park employee who will call First Aid and have them come to your location. 2. The charity aims to provide ________(assist ) for those in need. 3. While planning my vacation, the travel agent provided me with valuable ________(assist) in choosing the perfect destination. 4. Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school, I do believe that I am qualified to be your teaching ________(assist).   5. I gave him some books in return ________ his assistance. 考点8 shelter n. 居所,住处,庇护 vt. 保护,掩蔽 vi. 躲避 1. The gym saw people taking shelter ________ the sudden rain. 2. If you must leave them outside for a long time, making sure they have a warm, solid shelter ________ the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water. 3. The local government and volunteers would supply survivors ________ shelters. 考点9 as“尽管”，引导让步状语从句 1. ________________________(尽管他对工资不满意), he took the job just to get some work experience. (as引导倒装句) 2. As they all know, this suggestion is worthy to be considered. (句型转换) ①As they all know, this suggestion is ________________________. ②As they all know, this suggestion is ________________________. 3. As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many species are gradually disappearing.(同义句转换) →________________________ many species are gradually ________________________. 考点10 That’s why… 1. 我和他一起工作过三年，那就是我对他很熟悉的原因。(that’s why...) He and I have worked together for three years. ________________________. 2. I have a good command of English and I’m easy to get along with. That’s why I’m writing to apply for the job. →________________________ I have a good command of English and I’m easy to get along with. 3. Jack didn't take part in the sports meeting. That was because he fell ill suddenly. (同义句转换) ①Jack fell ill suddenly. That was why ________________________. ②Jack didn't take part in the sports meeting. The reason was that ________________________. 考点11 that/ whether引导主语从句 1. It remains unknown ________ these social changes have resulted in diverse household patterns. 2. ________ the task can be completed on time is doubtful. 3. It suddenly occurred to me ________ I knew how to solve that problem. 考点12 连接代词和连接副词引导主语从句 1. Some parents keep complaining that ________ they do is for their kids’ benefits, which is a little annoying. 2. ________ the new mayor will take office hasn’t been made public yet. 3. Your support is important to our work, for ________ you can do helps. 一、阅读理解 Researchers concerned with space exploration say they have discovered new evidence that Mars once had a large northern ocean. The discovery adds to existing evidence that the ancient Mars had the right conditions to possibly support some form of life. Today, any water on Mars is believed to be in the form of ice because of the planet’s extremely cold desert temperatures. But there is a rich amount of evidence suggesting that rivers, lakes and even oceans once existed on Mars. A study by the American space agency NASA suggested that billions of years ago, Mars likely had an ocean that covered nearly half of Mars’ northern hemisphere(半球). Another NASA-supported study estimated that about several billion years ago, the climate in much of the planet’s northern hemisphere was very similar to today’s Earth. The study noted that at that time, Mars likely had a much thicker atmosphere than today and had an active northern ocean. Two American researchers recently released a set of maps to provide new environmental evidence of a large ancient ocean on Mars’ low-lying northern hemisphere. The team collected data from satellite images and photos of Mars. They then combined them to create maps of the planet’s northern hemisphere. Using the maps, the researchers were able to piece together evidence of shorelines that sat at the edge of a huge body of water about 3.5 billion years ago. The researchers published their findings in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. Benjamin Cardenas, a professor at The Penn State University, was a co-writer of the study. He said the study’s findings showed the possible ocean in that area of Mars was changeable and interesting. “It was dynamic(动态的). The sea level rose significantly,” he said. “Rocks were being deposited(沉积) along its basins at a fast rate. There was a lot of change happening here.” Besides, Cardenas suggested the new study also provided useful information on Mars’ ancient climate and developmental history. “Based on these findings, we know there had to have been a period when it was warm enough and the atmosphere was thick enough to support this much liquid water at one time,” he said. 1. How does the author develop paragraph 2? A. By giving examples. B. By listing data. C. By making assumptions. D. By referring to former researches. 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the researchers? A. Where they created maps. B. When they landed on Mars. C. Why they studied satellites. D. How they found the evidence. 3. What can we learn about Mars according to the new study? A. It must have been always warm. B. It might have had an active ocean. C. The climate and sea level were unchangeable. D. The atmosphere was too thin to support water. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A photography book. B. An entertainment magazine. C. A scientific journal. D. An agricultural newspaper. 二、七选五 Keep a Moon Diary Grab a notebook and your favorite pen or pencil, and you’re ready to begin your very own Moon Diary. You’ll discover all kinds of fascinating things about how the moon travels and notice the various phases of the moon. Before you start you can collect together some books about the moon to learn about it. 1 And even though you are older you can still try these kinds of books about the moon. Start your Moon Diary by looking for the moon one night and recording all the things you notice. Note the date, time, and weather. Is the moon full? Half full? Or maybe gone entirely? What color does it seem to be? 2 Take time to look at the moon each night for four weeks. Every night, record what you see. Does the moon appear to be getting bigger? Smaller? Where does the moon appear in the sky? Maybe record what natural sounds you hear when the moon is high in the sky! 3 Sometimes you will see the moon in the daytime, and other times you may have to wait until nighttime for the moon to rise. You can check when the moon will rise each night by looking for the information online. It takes about 28 days for the moon to make one complete orbit around the Earth. So after four weeks, you’ll have completed your very own Moon Diary! 4 What do you notice? How does the moon change shape over time? Is the moon rising earlier or later in the sky each day? How does it affect the amount of light in the sky? 5 See where the moon takes you! A. Look back over what you wrote and drew. B. You could draw a sad face in the box instead. C. Write and draw your observations in your notebook. D. Every day for a month, look in the sky and find the moon. E. Maybe you’ll decide to keep going with your Moon Diary. F. Picture books and stories are a great way to introduce a topic. G. Predict what shape the moon will be each night for the next month. 三、完形填空 As an aerospace engineer, TV host, and author, Emily Calandrelli is devoted to inspiring and educating young people about the wonders of space. Now she is 1 for a major mission: a journey aboard an upcoming Blue Origin space flight. At 37 years old, Calandrelli is set to make a 2 as the first woman from West Virginia to travel to space. Growing up, she never 3 this would happen. Her family didn’t have much money, so she 4 to study engineering because she wanted a practical career with 5 stability. “While I wasn’t always the 6 kid in the room, I was usually the hardest one,” she recalled. Calandrelli 7 a bachelor’s degree in mechanical and aerospace engineering at West Virginia University before 8 her studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her career took a creative 9 when she became the host of the show Xploration Outer Space. She has also 10 nine books, including The complete Ada Lace Adventures. One of her goals is for kids to 11 themselves working in science fields. The Blue Origin flight, which does not yet have a 12 date, will send Calandrelli and five others into space for 12 minutes. She is excited to 13 Earth from beyond its atmosphere. Fewer than 100 women have been to space, and she is 14 to become one of them. “I feel a sense of 15 and joy to be part of that,” she said. 1. A. qualifying B. applying C. preparing D. paying 2. A. history B. sacrifice C. decision D. promise 3. A. doubted B. imagined C. realized D. wondered 4. A. intended B. volunteered C. hesitated D. managed 5. A. global B. mental C. social D. financial 6. A. richest B. smartest C. oldest D. nicest 7. A. favored B. missed C. lost D. earned 8. A. repeating B. considering C. advancing D. offering 9. A. share B. turn C. chance D. lead 10. A. donated B. advertised C. read D. authored 11. A. see B. keep C. make D. catch 12. A. return B. review C. launch D. service 13. A. appreciate B. recognize C. process D. preserve 14. A. promised B. motivated C. inspired D. honored 15. A. humour B. pride C. adventure D. purpose 四. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is the first time that Chinese scientists 1 (discover) water in materials collected during a Chinese moon mission. The water is in 2 (extreme) small glass beads(小珠子) that were found in the dirt where many meteorites(流星) have hit the moon. The dirt 3 (collect) in 2020. The beads differ in size 4 the width of one hair to several hairs. Since billions if not trillions of these beads exist on the moon, there could be large amounts of water. But mining it would be difficult, the research team said. The findings are based on 32 glass beads randomly 5 (choose) from moon dirt collected on China’s Chang’e 5 moon mission. The study’s findings raise the 6 (possible) that water could be removed by 7 (heat) the beads in future robotic missions. Still, more studies would be needed to show whether such water removals are possible 8 if the water would be safe to drink. Earlier studies found water in glass beads formed by volcanic activity on the moon. Those studies used material collected on the moon by American astronauts more than fifty years ago. The American space agency NASA plans 9 (put) astronauts back on the moon’s surface by the end of 2025. The astronauts will aim for the south pole 10 craters(坑) are believed to be filled with frozen water. 五、写作 应用文写作 2024年10月30日神舟十九号载人飞船成功发射。为了让同学们更好地了解我国航天发展的历史、学习中国航天精神，上周六你校学生会举办了第一届校园航天展。假定你是李华，请为你校英文报写一篇英文报道，内容包括： 1. 展览的时间和地点；2. 具体安排；3. 你的感受。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：aerospace exhibition航天展 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A young girl named Nova had always been fascinated by space travel and dreamed of exploring the stars one day. She spent hours reading books about the planets and galaxies and her room was filled with star charts in models of spacecraft. Nova also loved to repair machines. Always curious about how things worked, she would take apart gadgets(小器具) and put them back together. She even built her own telescope to look up at the night sky. Her parents encouraged her curiosity, gifting her a comprehensive engineering kit on her 10th birthday. Nova spent countless hours mastering the kit, learning everything from basic circuitry(电路) to complex mechanical systems. One day, she signed up for the “Little Astronaut Simulation(模拟) Competition”. The selection process was strict, but Nova’s professional skills in mechanics helped her a lot. What’s more, during her training, Nova learned more complex skills. Fortunately, Nova succeeded. She was selected to join a team of simulation astronauts on a mission to explore a distant planet. Nova was excited and she brought along her toolkit just in case and hoped that her skills could contribute to the mission. As the spaceship flew through the galaxy, Nova admired breathtaking views of stars and planets. She felt weightless and free, like she was flying through the universe. The crew members bonded over shared stories in the dreams, each bringing a unique skill set to the team. Nova quickly became the go-to person for any technical issues. She believed that her toolkit and knowledge would provide invaluable service during the journey. Later, the team encountered a problem. The simulation spaceship’s engine malfunctioned and they became trapped in space. They were running out of oxygen and supplies, and the nearest planet was light years away. Many of them were scared and unsure of what to do. But Nova refused to be afraid. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Finally, they landed back on the earth. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 14 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第02讲 Unit 2 Out of this world (选择必修三) 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理(吃透教材) 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 语言能力：掌握和运用与太空探索相关的词汇、语法等知识； 文化意识：了解在太空探索方面取得的巨大成就，学习和借鉴人类文明的优秀成果； 思维品质：分析和思考人类探索宇宙的意义，作出正确的价值判断； 学习能力：小组合作提出人类移居外星球的解决方案。 单元知识点 单元词汇 1. absence n. 缺席；缺乏，不存在 [教材原句]Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don't float around. 由于太空中近乎没有重力，我们必须把自己固定住，才不会四处漂浮。 (1)absence from 缺席；不在 absence of mind 心不在焉 in one's absence 某人不在时 in the absence of 缺乏；缺少……时 (2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的 be absent from 不参加；缺席 (3)absent­minded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的 2. bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi. 花费时间精力(做某事) n. 麻烦，困难 [教材原句]It's strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don't bother us any more. 试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。 bother to do sth.操心/费心做某事 bother with/about sth.为某事费心 bother doing sth.费心做某事 bother sb.with sth.用某事打扰某人 It bothers/bothered sb.that.../to do...使某人烦恼的是…… can't be bothered to do sth.不想花时间或精力做某事 3. occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 [教材原句] The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. 占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。 (1)occupy oneself with sth./(in) doing sth. 忙于……；专心于…… (2)occupied adj. 忙于……的；使用中的 be occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事 (3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作 4. circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances) 境况，(尤指)经济状况 [教材原句]In the circumstances, it's time for a spacewalk. 在这种情况下，是时候来场太空行走了。 under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此 under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装) under/in any circumstances 在任何情况下 if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许 [名师点津] (1)under no circumstances意为“决不”，为表示否定意义的介词短语，放在句首时常用部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。有类似用法的短语还有by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, on no account, at no time等。 (2)circumstance意为“环境，情况”时为抽象地点名词，当其作先行词，并在从句中作状语时，用where或“介词＋which”引导定语从句。有类似用法的词还有point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，scene，occasion，environment等。 5. in view of鉴于，考虑到 [教材原句] In view of the low­gravity environment, eating is also different in space. 鉴于低重力环境，饮食在太空中也有所不同。 (1)in one's view 在某人看来 come into view 看得见，进入视野 in view 在视野范围内 have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览 (2)view...as 把……看作 [名师点津]view 意为“观点”时，其常用结构为in one's view, from one's point of view, hold the view；其同义短语有in one's opinion, as far as sb.be concerned。 6. vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 [教材原句]Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts' health. 花些时间在健身房锻炼对宇航员的健康至关重要。 be of vital importance＝be very important 至关重要 be vital for/to 对……极为重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth.… ……是十分重要的。 It is vital to do sth.做某事很重要。 7. crucial adj. 至关重要的,关键性的 [教材原句]Hubble observations have played a crucial role in the discovery of the mysterious dark energy. 哈勃(太空望远镜)的观测在发现神秘的暗能量方面发挥了至关重要的作用。 be crucial to/for sb./sth. 对某人/某物来说至关重要 be crucial to doing sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的 It’s crucial that sb. (should) do sth.某人做某事是至关重要的 crucial后跟句子时,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟,其中should可以省略。 8. calculate vt. 计算,核算;预测,推测 [教材原句]It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.据统计,全球航天经济每年增长数十亿美元。 (1)calculate that/wh-clause　计算……;预测…… calculate on/upon 指望;期待 be calculated to do sth. 计划做/打算做/旨在做某事 It is calculated that... 据估算…… (2)calculation n.[C,U]计算;预测 calculator n.计算器 9. assistant n. 助理;售货员;助教 adj. 助理的;副的 [教材原句]There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers, mechanics and research assistants. 地面上有很多支持人员,比如工程师、机械修理工和研究助理。 (1)an assistant to...　　……的助手 teaching assistant/assistant teacher 助教 shop assistant 店员 (2)assist v. 帮助;协助 assist (sb.) with sth./ in (doing) sth.　帮助(某人)(做)某事;在(做)某事上协助(某人) assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 (3)assistance n.援助;帮助 come to one’s assistance 来帮助某人 10. shelter n. 居所,住处,庇护vt. 保护,掩蔽 vi. 躲避 [教材原句]We should find permanent shelter that offers long-term protection from radiation.我们应该找到能长期保护我们免受辐射的永久的居所。 (1)take/seek shelter from... 躲避…… under the shelter of... 　　在……的庇护下 give sb. shelter 庇护某人 (2)shelter...from... 保护/庇护……免受…… 单元句型 1. as“尽管”，引导让步状语从句 [教材原句]Splendid_as_the_view_of_the_Earth_is,_spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。 (1)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句； (2)“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”，引导时间状语从句； (3)“按照……的方式(办法)；如同……”，引导方式状语从句； (4)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句； (5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...句型，意为“像……一样……”(第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词)。 [名师点津]　as引导让步状语从句必须使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面，如果表语是单数可数名词，提前时应省掉冠词。 2. That’s why… [教材原句]That's_why every spacewalk is carefully planned. 这就是为什么每次太空行走都要经过精心策划。 (1)This/That/It is why...这/那是……的原因 (why引导表语从句， 表示结果) (2)This/That/It is because...这是/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因) (3)The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句， that引导表语从句， 表示原因) 【巩固练习】 I.根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。 1. He laid the ________(found) of his success by study and hard work. 2. Accidents on that highway are happening with increasing ________(frequent). 3. We need to carry out a proper ________(evaluate) of the new system. 4. He doesn't seem to understand the ________(grave) of the situation. 5. It is ________(universe) acknowledged that dogs have an acute sense of smell. 6. After only a short ________(expose) to sunlight he began to turn red. 7. His long ________(absent) raised fears about his safety. 8. Several instructors were promoted to ________(assist) professor this year. 9. A good teacher has to be able to ________(motive) her students. 10. The lessons cost me over $500, but I consider them a good ________(invest). 【答案】 1. foundation 2.frequency 3.evaluation 4.gravity 5.universally 1. exposure 7.absence 8.assistant 9.motivate 10.investment Ⅱ.根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。 cast new light on; lay the foundation for; in view of; plain to see; in the circumstances; differ from; come to an end 1. Twin brothers as they are, they ________________ each other in many aspects. 2. His previous work experience ________________ his career in oil painting. 3. ________________ the positive feedback from the audience, the director decided to work on a new season. 4.Recent researches ________________ the economic consequences of this event. 5.As it was expected, the meeting ________________ at 9 p.m.. 【答案】 1. differ from 2.lays the foundation for 3.In view of 1. cast new light on 5.came to an end III.完成句子 1. ________________________, he makes little progress.(as引导让步状语从句) 尽管他努力学习，但几乎没有取得什么进步。 2.How beautiful she sings！________________________.(否定词＋比较级) 她唱得多美啊！我从没听过这么好的声音。 3.The reason ________________________ not only can I improve my English，but also I can broaden my horizon. 我喜欢读“Youth”的原因是我不仅可以提高英语，而且可以拓宽我的视野。 4. ________________________ he opened the door.(现在分词作伴随状语) 他从口袋里掏出钥匙，开了门。 5. 事实上，太空探索很可能会帮助我们理解宇宙的未来。(it is likely that...) Actually, ________________________ space exploration can help us understand the future of the universe. 【答案】 1. Hard as he works 2. I have never heard a better voice 3. why I like reading Youth is that 4. Taking a key out of his pocket 5. it is likely that 单元语法 主语从句 考点一、that引导的主语从句 1.that引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分,也无任何意义。 2.有时为了平衡句子结构,用it充当形式主语,而将that从句置于后面。that引导主语从句时通常不能省略,尤其是位于句首时。 3.主语从句中常用it作形式主语的句型有: (1)It+be+形容词 (clear, obvious, true, possible, certain, important, necessary, strange, natural, likely, surprising, vital等) + that从句 (2)It+be+名词(词组)(a pity, a shame, an honour, a fact, no wonder, no surprise等) + that从句 (3)It+be+过去分词 (said, reported, announced, proved, thought, expected, hoped, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, required, demanded等) + that从句 在上述it充当形式主语的句型中,若形容词是important, necessary, strange, natural, vital, essential等,过去分词中的动词是表“建议、命令、要求、请求”的动词,如suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, require, request, urge,demand等,那么that从句中的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。 (4)It+不及物动词(短语) (happened,occurred,seemed,appeared,turned out等)+that从句 考点二、whether引导的主语从句 whether意为“是否”,引导主语从句时只起连接作用,在句子中不作任何成分。 (1)whether引导主语从句时可以放在句首,也可以让it充当形式主语,真正的主语后置。 (2)whether引导主语从句时一般不能用if替代。 考点三、连接代词引导的主语从句 连接代词包括:what, who, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 what引导主语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,相当于定语从句中的“先行词+关系代词”的形式,表示“……的事情(时间、地点、样子等)”。 What (=The thing that) he had heard made him very depressed. 他听到的事使他非常沮丧。 考点四、连接副词引导的主语从句 连接副词包括:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever等,在主语从句中作状语。 “疑问词+ever”既能引导主语从句,又能引导让步状语从句。但是“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 【巩固练习】 (1)It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (2)________ makes mistakes must correct them. (3)________ they won the game was what we had expected. (4)________ happened that I was there that evening. (5)After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ________ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space. (6)________ made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (7)________ we should cherish time is worth thinking. (8)It’s a pity ________ we can’t go. (9)It is suggested ________ we (should) study hard in return for our parents' devotion. (10)We sell handmade gifts. ________ gift you order from us is unique for the special person! 【答案】 (1) whether (2) Whoever (3) That (4) It (5)what (6) What (7) How (8) that (9) that (10) Whichever 单元写作 写一篇关于外星人的故事 讲述偶遇外星人的经历属于想象类作文,主要记述遇到外星人的背景,整个事件的过程并简单发表一下对该事件的感想。体裁以记叙文为主。 典题分析 假定你是李华,请根据下面的提示用英语写一篇周记,记述你遇到外星人的一次经历。内容如下: 　　1.周四晚上遇到一个外星人(个子矮、头和眼睛很大、棕色皮肤); 　　2.乘坐UFO,遨游太空,欣赏夜景; 　　3.你的感受。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [分析] 体裁：记叙文 (遇见外星人) 时态：一般过去时 人称：第一人称 框架：第一段：简述事件 第二段：详细讲述事情的过程。 第三段：表达作者的观点和感受。 【参考范文】 　　On Thursday evening, I was doing my homework when suddenly I caught sight of a shining UFO in the sky coming nearer and nearer and eventually landed on the ground. Then out of it came a very short alien with a big head and eyes and brown skin. Hardly had he seen me when he waved to me and invited me to go travelling in the UFO and I agreed. So fast did it fly that we were in space in a short time. Looking out of the UFO, I saw the beautiful blue earth on which we live and other shining stars circling in dark space. What a fantastic scene! After what seemed an hour, I asked the alien to send me to the earth. What a wonderful and unforgettable experience it was! [写作迁移] 假如你是李华，你参加了上周学校举行的以“太空”为主题的年度“科学节”活动. 请你给新西兰朋友 David写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： 1. 活动过程；2. 你的感想。 注意：1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯。 Dear David, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear David, I’m writing to tell you about the exciting “Science Festival” held at our school last week, themed around space exploration. The event was filled with various activities like space model exhibitions, interactive workshops, and captivating presentations by guest speakers. I had the opportunity to participate in a workshop where we built small rocket models, which was truly thrilling. Not only did this experience deepen my understanding of space science, but it also ignited my passion for exploring the cosmos. Looking forward to sharing more experiences with you. Yours, Li Hua 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给新西兰朋友David写一封邮件分享参加以“太空”为主题的科学节活动的经历。 【详解】1.词汇积累 活动：event → activity 各种各样的：various → a variety of 机会：opportunity → chance 参加：participate in → take part in 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to tell you about the exciting “Science Festival” held at our school last week, themed around space exploration. 拓展句：I'm writing to tell you about the exciting “Science Festival”, which was held at our school last week and themed around space exploration. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】I had the opportunity to participate in a workshop where we built small rocket models, which was truly thrilling.(运用了where引导的限定性定语从句，which引导的非限定性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Not only did this experience deepen my understanding of space science, but it also ignited my passion for exploring the cosmos.(运用了部分倒装句) 考点1 absence n. 缺席；缺乏，不存在 1. My teachers and classmates helped me with my lessons after my long ________(absent) from school. 【答案】absence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我的老师和同学在我长时间缺课后帮助我补课。作介词的宾语，应用名词absence，不可数。故填absence。 2. Love was totally absent ________ his childhood. 【答案】from/in 【详解】考查介词和固定短语。句意：他的童年完全没有爱。be absent from“缺席；不在”，或者用介词in，表示“在……方面”，符合句意，故填from/in。 3. No teacher and no student was absent ________ the meeting. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：没有老师也没有学生缺席会议。空处表示“缺席”，为固定短语be absent from，应填介词from。故填from。 4. Due to the near ________(absent) of gravity in space, astronauts usually sleep in sleeping bags and have to attach themselves to avoid floating around. 【答案】absence 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于在太空中几乎没有重力，宇航员通常睡在睡袋里，必须把自己固定住以避免到处漂浮。根据空前定冠词the和空后介词of可知，空处需填名词作宾语；absent“不存在的，缺乏的”，形容词词性，其名词为absence，意为“缺乏，不存在”，不可数名词。故填absence。 考点2 bother vt. 使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事) n. 麻烦，困难 1. We had quite a lot of bother ________(get) here because of the heavy fog. 【答案】getting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于大雾，我们很费劲才到达这里。have bother (in) doing sth.固定搭配，意为“费劲做某事”，故填getting。 2. To my disappointment, Tom is ________ bother to his teacher. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：令我失望的是，汤姆使他老师大伤脑筋。bother在句中作“讨厌的人，令人烦恼的事物”讲，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，使用不定冠词修饰，故填a。 3. Why ________(bother) asking if you’re not really interested?   【答案】bother 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：如果你不是真的感兴趣，为什么还要费心问呢？根据句意可知，此处表示“费心做某事”，应用动词原形bother。why do sth为什么做某事。为固定句型。故填bother。 4. The famous film star could hardly walk down the street without being ________(bother). 【答案】bothered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位著名的电影明星走在大街上几乎都会被人打扰。the famous film star和bother为被动关系，空处需填过去分词和being构成动名词的被动语态，作宾语。故填bothered。 考点3 occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于 1. Having retired from the TV station, the moderator is occupied ________ the welfare of the disabled. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：从电视台退休后，主持人忙于照顾残疾人的福利。短语be occupied with表示“忙于……”。故填with。 2. In my spare time, I have been ________(occupy) in practising my oral English so I speak English fluently. 【答案】occupied 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在我的业余时间，我一直忙于练习我的英语口语，所以我说一口流利的英语。作表语应用形容词occupied，意为“忙于”符合句意。故填occupied。 3. Her main ________(occupy) seems to be shopping. 【答案】occupation 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的主要职业似乎是购物。名词occupation作主语。故填occupation。 4. With teaching ________ her mind, she cares less what is not related to her ________. (occupy) 【答案】occupying; occupation 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：教学占据了她的心思，她就不太关心与她的职业无关的事情了。第一空是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，occupy和宾语teaching之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作宾补；第二空作宾语，结合her可知，使用名词occupation“职业”。故填①occupying；②occupation。 考点4 circumstance n. 条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况 1. Under these ________(circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes. 【答案】circumstances 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：在这些情况下，最重要的不仅是我们的坚持，还有我们的态度。these后用名词复数形式。故填circumstances。 2. You must have your own judgement, and take a critical look ________ surrounding circumstances. 【答案】at 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：你必须有自己的判断，并以批判性的眼光看待周围的环境。短语look at意为“看；看待”为固定搭配；此处缺少介词at。故填at。 3. In the ________(circumstance), Paisley's plans looked highly appropriate. 【答案】circumstances 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这种状况下，佩斯利的计划看起来非常合适。根据汉语提示“状况”，可知这里考查短语in the circumstances，表示“在这种状况下”，circumstance在这里是可数名词，应用复数circumstances。故填circumstances。 4. You should not leave your position under any circumstances. ________ ________ ________ ________ you leave your position. 【答案】Under no circumstances should 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：你在任何情况下都不应该离开你的职位。原句中“决不能”可以改成介词短语under no circumstances(决不)，置于句首，句子用部分倒装，将should提前到主语之前，句首单词首字母大写。故填①Under；②no；③circumstances；④should。 考点5 vital adj. 必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的 1. As a parent, it is vital that you ________(teach) your child the value of money. 【答案】should teach/teach 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：作为父母，教导孩子金钱的价值是至关重要的。it is vital that sb. (should) do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人做某事是至关重要的”，其中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，因此空格处使用虚拟语气，为(should) teach，故填(should) teach。 2. It is vital ________ teachers should discipline their students in the circumstances. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在这种情况下，老师管教学生是至关重要的。It is adj.+that...为固定句型，It为形式主语，that引导主语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义。故填that。 3. Spending some time in the gym is ________ vital importance to astronauts’ health. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：花些时间在健身房对宇航员的健康至关重要。此处为固定用法“of+抽象名词”结构，相当于名词对应的形容词作表语，of importance相当于important意为“至关重要的”。故填of。 4. As a matter of fact, as for the work, it is vital ________(keep) accurate records. 【答案】to keep 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，就工作而言，保持准确的记录是至关重要的。it是形式主语，使用动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to keep。 考点6 calculate vt. 计算,核算;预测,推测 1. It has been calculated ________ the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：据计算，全球太空经济每年以数十亿美元的速度增长。空后为语义和成分均完整的句子，此处用固定句型It has been calculated that…表示“据计算……”，其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。故填that。 2. The scientists are able to make an accurate ________(calculate) about when the spaceship will reach the moon. 【答案】calculation 【详解】考查名词。句意：科学家们能准确地计算出航天飞船将于何时到达月球。设空处作宾语，且空前有形容词accurate修饰，所以此处应用calculate 的名词形式calculation意为“计算”，冠词an提示用其单数形式。故填calculation。 3. It is suggested that such figures ________(calculate) by hand instead of using the calculator. 【答案】 be calculated/ should be calculated 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：建议用手计算这些数字，而不要用计算器。分析句子的结构可知，该句为it作形式主语的主语从句，在含有suggest表示“建议”时，从句应用“should +动原”的形式，其中should可以省略，设空处和figures之间是被动关系。故填should be calculated或者be calculated。 考点7 assistant n. 助理;售货员;助教 adj. 助理的;副的 1. If you need medical ________(assist), tell any park employee who will call First Aid and have them come to your location. 【答案】assistance 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你需要医疗帮助，请告诉任何公园员工，他们会呼叫急救人员并让他们到你所在的位置。作动词need的宾语，空格处应填入名词形式assistance，不可数。故填assistance。 2. The charity aims to provide ________(assist ) for those in need. 【答案】assistance 【详解】考查名词。句意：该慈善机构旨在为那些需要帮助的人提供帮助。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，assistance表“帮助”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填assistance。 3. While planning my vacation, the travel agent provided me with valuable ________(assist) in choosing the perfect destination. 【答案】assistance 【详解】考查名词。句意：在规划我的假期时，旅行社为我提供了宝贵的帮助，帮助我选择了完美的目的地。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作介词后宾语，assistance表“帮助”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填assistance。 4. Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school, I do believe that I am qualified to be your teaching ________(assist).   【答案】assistant 【详解】考查名词。句意：我在小学有丰富的教学经验，我相信我有资格成为你们的助教。此空为名词作表语，assist的名词assistant意为“助手”，结合句意，此处表示单数意义，所以使用单数形式。故填assistant。 5. I gave him some books in return ________ his assistance. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我送给他一些书以回报他的帮助。表示“作为回报”短语为in return for，故填for。 考点8 shelter n. 居所,住处,庇护 vt. 保护,掩蔽 vi. 躲避 1. The gym saw people taking shelter ________ the sudden rain. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：体育馆见证人们在躲避突如其来的雨。 take shelter from躲避，为固定短语。故填from。 2. If you must leave them outside for a long time, making sure they have a warm, solid shelter ________ the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water. 【答案】against 【详解】考查介词。句意：如果你必须把它们放在外面很长一段时间，确保它们有一个温暖的，坚固的挡风的地方，厚厚的被褥，和足够的不结冰的水。shelter 之后接 against，该介词意为“防止，阻隔”。此处指“这个温暖、坚固的庇佑所”是可以“防止强风侵入的”。故填against。 3. The local government and volunteers would supply survivors ________ shelters. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：当地政府和志愿者将为幸存者提供庇护所。supply sb. with sth.为固定短语，意为“向某人提供某物”。故填with。 考点9 as“尽管”，引导让步状语从句 1. ________________________(尽管他对工资不满意), he took the job just to get some work experience. (as引导倒装句) 【答案】Unsatisfied as he was with the payment 【详解】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：尽管他对工资不满意，但他接受这份工作只是为了获得一些工作经验。根据汉语提示，此处是让步状语从句，由as引导，常常倒装，其结构为：表语+as+系动词+其它成分；表示“不满意”用be satisfied with，故填Unsatisfied as he was with the payment。 2. As they all know, this suggestion is worthy to be considered. (句型转换) ①As they all know, this suggestion is ________________________. ②As they all know, this suggestion is ________________________. 【答案】①worthy of being considered ②worthy of consideration 【详解】考查固定搭配和名词。句意：大家都知道，这个建议值得考虑。表示“值得做某事”为be worthy of sth或者be worthy of doing sth；空格处需要填入的是“值得考虑”，建议与考虑之间为被动关系，所以需要使用动名词的被动语态，所以第一空为worthy of being considered。“考虑”的名词为consideration，为不可数名词，所以第二空为worthy of consideration。故答案①worthy of being considered；②worthy of consideration。 3. As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many species are gradually disappearing.(同义句转换) →________________________ many species are gradually ________________________. 【答案】With the living environment becoming worse and worse; dying out 【详解】考查with的复合结构和短语。句意：随着生存环境变得越来越差，许多物种正在逐渐消失。As the living environment becomes worse and worse可以转换为with的复合结构：with+名词+分词，the living environment 与 becomes worse and worse为主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。disappear可以转换为die out。故填With the living environment becoming worse and worse；dying out。 考点10 That’s why… 1. 我和他一起工作过三年，那就是我对他很熟悉的原因。(that’s why...) He and I have worked together for three years. ________________________. 【答案】That’s why I am so familiar with him 【详解】考查表语从句。that’s why+表语从句(其内容表示结果)，意为“那是为什么”，时态为一般现在时，表示客观事实，be familiar with表“熟悉”，表示“那就是我对他很熟悉的原因”应用that’s why I am so familiar with him。故填That’s why I am so familiar with him。 2. I have a good command of English and I’m easy to get along with. That’s why I’m writing to apply for the job. →________________________ I have a good command of English and I’m easy to get along with. 【答案】The reason why I’m writing to apply for the job is that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我的英语很好，而且我很容易相处。这就是我写信申请这份工作的原因。改写句将这两句并为一句话，用The reason why…is that…(……的原因是……)结构，I’m writing to apply for the job代入why后作定语从句，that引出表语从句，表示理由。故填The reason why I’m writing to apply for the job is that。 3. Jack didn't take part in the sports meeting. That was because he fell ill suddenly. (同义句转换) ①Jack fell ill suddenly. That was why ________________________. ②Jack didn't take part in the sports meeting. The reason was that ________________________. 【答案】①he didn't take part in the sports meeting. ②he fell ill suddenly. 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：杰克没有参加运动会。那是因为他突然生病了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要描述“杰克没有参加运动会”(结果)和“他突然生病了”(原因)之间的逻辑关系。原句是先描述结果，再描述原因，用because引导表语从句，表示“这是因为…”的意思。第一个同义句是先描述原因，再描述结果，所以是Jack fell ill suddenly. That was why he didn't take part in the sports meeting.这里用why引导表语从句，表示“这是为什么…”的意思。第二个同义句也是先描述结果，再描述原因，用that引导表语从句，直接说明原因，表示“原因是…”的意思，所以是Jack didn't take part in the sports meeting. The reason was that he fell ill suddenly.故答案是he didn't take part in the sports meeting和he fell ill suddenly。 考点11 that/ whether引导主语从句 1. It remains unknown ________ these social changes have resulted in diverse household patterns. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：目前尚不清楚这些社会变化是否导致了多样的家庭模式。这个句子是it作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句中成份是完整的，结合句意可知缺少“是否”的意思，应用whether引导从句。故填whether。 2. ________ the task can be completed on time is doubtful. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：任务能否按时完成还是个疑问。设空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且表示“是否”的含义，应用连词whether引导从句，句首单词首字母大写，故填Whether。 3. It suddenly occurred to me ________ I knew how to solve that problem. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我突然想到我知道如何解决那个问题。表示“某人突然想到……”句型为It suddenly occurred/occurs to sb. that…，其中it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句。故填that。 考点12 连接代词和连接副词引导主语从句 1. Some parents keep complaining that ________ they do is for their kids’ benefits, which is a little annoying. 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：有些父母一直抱怨说，他们所做的一切都是为了孩子的利益，这有点烦人。句中that引导宾语从句，“_____they do”是宾语从句中的主语，为主语从句，空格处在主语从句中作do的宾语，指事物，用连接词what引导。故填what。 2. ________ the new mayor will take office hasn’t been made public yet. 【答案】When 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：新市长何时上任还没有公布。空处引导主语从句，表达“何时上任”之意，用连接副词when引导；句首单词首字母大写。故填When。 3. Your support is important to our work, for ________ you can do helps. 【答案】whatever 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，因为无论你们做什么都会有所帮助。for引导原因状语从句，设空处引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”，应用whatever，并在从句中作do的宾语。故填whatever。 一、阅读理解 Researchers concerned with space exploration say they have discovered new evidence that Mars once had a large northern ocean. The discovery adds to existing evidence that the ancient Mars had the right conditions to possibly support some form of life. Today, any water on Mars is believed to be in the form of ice because of the planet’s extremely cold desert temperatures. But there is a rich amount of evidence suggesting that rivers, lakes and even oceans once existed on Mars. A study by the American space agency NASA suggested that billions of years ago, Mars likely had an ocean that covered nearly half of Mars’ northern hemisphere(半球). Another NASA-supported study estimated that about several billion years ago, the climate in much of the planet’s northern hemisphere was very similar to today’s Earth. The study noted that at that time, Mars likely had a much thicker atmosphere than today and had an active northern ocean. Two American researchers recently released a set of maps to provide new environmental evidence of a large ancient ocean on Mars’ low-lying northern hemisphere. The team collected data from satellite images and photos of Mars. They then combined them to create maps of the planet’s northern hemisphere. Using the maps, the researchers were able to piece together evidence of shorelines that sat at the edge of a huge body of water about 3.5 billion years ago. The researchers published their findings in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. Benjamin Cardenas, a professor at The Penn State University, was a co-writer of the study. He said the study’s findings showed the possible ocean in that area of Mars was changeable and interesting. “It was dynamic(动态的). The sea level rose significantly,” he said. “Rocks were being deposited(沉积) along its basins at a fast rate. There was a lot of change happening here.” Besides, Cardenas suggested the new study also provided useful information on Mars’ ancient climate and developmental history. “Based on these findings, we know there had to have been a period when it was warm enough and the atmosphere was thick enough to support this much liquid water at one time,” he said. 1. How does the author develop paragraph 2? A. By giving examples. B. By listing data. C. By making assumptions. D. By referring to former researches. 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the researchers? A. Where they created maps. B. When they landed on Mars. C. Why they studied satellites. D. How they found the evidence. 3. What can we learn about Mars according to the new study? A. It must have been always warm. B. It might have had an active ocean. C. The climate and sea level were unchangeable. D. The atmosphere was too thin to support water. 4. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A photography book. B. An entertainment magazine. C. A scientific journal. D. An agricultural newspaper. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究人员发现了新的证据，表明火星上曾经存在一个大型北部海洋。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“But there is a rich amount of evidence suggesting that rivers, lakes and even oceans once existed on Mars. A study by the American space agency NASA suggested that billions of years ago, Mars likely had an ocean that covered nearly half of Mars’ northern hemisphere (半球). Another NASA-supported study estimated that about several billion years ago, the climate in much of the planet’s northern hemisphere was very similar to today’s Earth. The study noted that at that time, Mars likely had a much thicker atmosphere than today and had an active northern ocean.(但有大量证据表明，火星上曾经存在河流、湖泊甚至海洋。美国宇航局的一项研究表明，数十亿年前，火星可能有一个海洋，覆盖了火星北半球近一半的面积。另一项由美国宇航局支持的研究估计，大约几十亿年前，地球北半球大部分地区的气候与今天的地球非常相似。该研究指出，当时火星的大气层可能比现在厚得多，并且有一个活跃的北部海洋。)”可知，作者在第二段列举了NASA关于火星的两项研究，因此第二段是通过举例子的方式来展开的。故选A。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Two American researchers recently released a set of maps to provide new environmental evidence of a large ancient ocean on Mars’ low-lying northern hemisphere. The team collected data from satellite images and photos of Mars. They then combined them to create maps of the planet’s northern hemisphere. Using the maps, the researchers were able to piece together evidence of shorelines that sat at the edge of a huge body of water about 3.5 billion years ago.(两名美国研究人员最近发布了一组地图，为火星低洼的北半球存在大型古代海洋提供了新的环境证据。该小组从火星的卫星图像和照片中收集数据。然后，他们将这些数据结合起来，绘制出地球北半球的地图。利用这些地图，研究人员能够拼凑出大约35亿年前位于一个巨大水体边缘的海岸线的证据。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了两位美国研究人员如何寻找有关火星上存在远古海洋的证据。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He said the study’s findings showed the possible ocean in that area of Mars was changeable and interesting. “It was dynamic (动态的). The sea level rose significantly,” he said. “Rocks were being deposited (沉积) along its basins at a fast rate. There was a lot of change happening here.”(他说，这项研究的发现表明，火星该地区可能存在的海洋是多变的，而且很有趣。“这是动态的。海平面明显上升，”他说。“岩石沿着盆地以快速的速度沉积。这里发生了很多变化。”)”，尤其是关键词changeable和dynamic可知，新研究表明远古的火星上可能存在活跃的海洋。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Researchers concerned with space exploration say they have discovered new evidence that Mars once had a large northern ocean. The discovery adds to existing evidence that the ancient Mars had the right conditions to possibly support some form of life.(关注太空探索的研究人员表示，他们发现了新的证据，证明火星曾经有一个巨大的北部海洋。这一发现增加了现有的证据，表明古代火星有可能支持某种形式的生命的合适条件。)”可知，本文介绍了一个新发现远古的火星上可能存在一片巨大的海洋，故本文最有可能来自科学杂志。故选C。 二、七选五 Keep a Moon Diary Grab a notebook and your favorite pen or pencil, and you’re ready to begin your very own Moon Diary. You’ll discover all kinds of fascinating things about how the moon travels and notice the various phases of the moon. Before you start you can collect together some books about the moon to learn about it. 1 And even though you are older you can still try these kinds of books about the moon. Start your Moon Diary by looking for the moon one night and recording all the things you notice. Note the date, time, and weather. Is the moon full? Half full? Or maybe gone entirely? What color does it seem to be? 2 Take time to look at the moon each night for four weeks. Every night, record what you see. Does the moon appear to be getting bigger? Smaller? Where does the moon appear in the sky? Maybe record what natural sounds you hear when the moon is high in the sky! 3 Sometimes you will see the moon in the daytime, and other times you may have to wait until nighttime for the moon to rise. You can check when the moon will rise each night by looking for the information online. It takes about 28 days for the moon to make one complete orbit around the Earth. So after four weeks, you’ll have completed your very own Moon Diary! 4 What do you notice? How does the moon change shape over time? Is the moon rising earlier or later in the sky each day? How does it affect the amount of light in the sky? 5 See where the moon takes you! A. Look back over what you wrote and drew. B. You could draw a sad face in the box instead. C. Write and draw your observations in your notebook. D. Every day for a month, look in the sky and find the moon. E. Maybe you’ll decide to keep going with your Moon Diary. F. Picture books and stories are a great way to introduce a topic. G. Predict what shape the moon will be each night for the next month. 【答案】1. F 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. E 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法以指导读者如何记录一个“月亮日记”来观察和记录月亮的旅行及其不同阶段。 1. 根据空前内容“Before you start you can collect together some books about the moon to learn about it.(在你开始之前，你可以收集一些关于月亮的书来了解它。)”可知，我们可以找一些关于月亮的书来了解月亮。选项F“Picture books and stories are a great way to introduce a topic.(绘本和故事是介绍话题的好方法。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是绘本和故事都是一些了解月亮的好的选择。故选F。 2. 根据空前内容“Start your Moon Diary by looking for the moon one night and recording all the things you notice. Note the date, time, and weather. Is the moon full? Half full? Or maybe gone entirely? What color does it seem to be?(开始你的月亮日记，找一个晚上寻找月亮，记录下你注意到的所有事情。注意日期、时间和天气。月圆了吗？半满？或者完全消失？它看起来是什么颜色的？)”可知，记录下关于月亮的一些内容。选项C“Write and draw your observations in your notebook.(在笔记本上写下并画出你的观察结果。)”延续上文内容，指出我们可以把观察到的一切都记录在笔记本上。故选C。 3. 空处为段首句。根据下文内容“Sometimes you will see the moon in the daytime, and other times you may have to wait until nighttime for the moon to rise. You can check when the moon will rise each night by looking for the information online.(有时你会在白天看到月亮，有时你可能要等到晚上月亮升起。你可以通过上网查询每晚月亮升起的时间。)”可知，本段主要讲述的我们要每天观察月亮。选项D“Every day for a month, look in the sky and find the moon.(连续一个月的每一天，仰望天空，找到月亮。)”与下文内容一致，指的是每天观察月亮，有时候月亮在白天，有时候月亮在晚上。故选D。 4. 根据下文“What do you notice? How does the moon change shape over time? Is the moon rising earlier or later in the sky each day? How does it affect the amount of light in the sky? (你注意到了什么？月亮是如何随时间改变形状的？月亮在天空中升起的时间是早还是晚？它是如何影响天空中的光量的？)”可知，下文是月亮日记的内容。选项A“Look back over what you wrote and drew.(回顾一下你写的和画的东西。)”自然引出下文内容，通过回顾自己的月亮日记，可以注意到月亮是如何随时间改变形状的，升起的时间和如何影响天空中的光量。故选A。 5. 根据空后的“See where the moon takes you!(看看月亮带你去哪里！)”可推测，空处应该指的是我们可以继续写一本月亮日记。选项E“Maybe you’ll decide to keep going with your Moon Diary.(也许你会决定继续写你的《月亮日记》。)”与下文形成一致，指的是继续写一本月亮日记，从而更多了解月亮。故选E。 三、完形填空 As an aerospace engineer, TV host, and author, Emily Calandrelli is devoted to inspiring and educating young people about the wonders of space. Now she is 1 for a major mission: a journey aboard an upcoming Blue Origin space flight. At 37 years old, Calandrelli is set to make a 2 as the first woman from West Virginia to travel to space. Growing up, she never 3 this would happen. Her family didn’t have much money, so she 4 to study engineering because she wanted a practical career with 5 stability. “While I wasn’t always the 6 kid in the room, I was usually the hardest one,” she recalled. Calandrelli 7 a bachelor’s degree in mechanical and aerospace engineering at West Virginia University before 8 her studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her career took a creative 9 when she became the host of the show Xploration Outer Space. She has also 10 nine books, including The complete Ada Lace Adventures. One of her goals is for kids to 11 themselves working in science fields. The Blue Origin flight, which does not yet have a 12 date, will send Calandrelli and five others into space for 12 minutes. She is excited to 13 Earth from beyond its atmosphere. Fewer than 100 women have been to space, and she is 14 to become one of them. “I feel a sense of 15 and joy to be part of that,” she said. 1. A. qualifying B. applying C. preparing D. paying 2. A. history B. sacrifice C. decision D. promise 3. A. doubted B. imagined C. realized D. wondered 4. A. intended B. volunteered C. hesitated D. managed 5. A. global B. mental C. social D. financial 6. A. richest B. smartest C. oldest D. nicest 7. A. favored B. missed C. lost D. earned 8. A. repeating B. considering C. advancing D. offering 9. A. share B. turn C. chance D. lead 10. A. donated B. advertised C. read D. authored 11. A. see B. keep C. make D. catch 12. A. return B. review C. launch D. service 13. A. appreciate B. recognize C. process D. preserve 14. A. promised B. motivated C. inspired D. honored 15. A. humour B. pride C. adventure D. purpose 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了Emily Calandrelli的故事，她是一位航天航空工程师，电视主持人和作家，她激发了年轻人对于太空的好奇心，现在，她即将进行蓝色起源太空飞行，成为西弗吉尼亚州首位进入太空的女性。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，她正在为一项重大任务做准备：搭乘即将到来的蓝色起源太空飞行。A. qualifying取得资格；B. applying应用，申请；C. preparing准备；D. paying支付。根据下文“for a major mission: a journey aboard an upcoming Blue Origin space flight.”可知，Calandrelli正在为这一项重大任务做准备。故选C项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：37岁的卡兰德雷利将创造历史，成为西弗吉尼亚州首位进入太空的女性。A. history历史；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. decision决定；D. promise承诺。根据下文“as the first woman from West Virginia to travel to space”可知，Calandrelli即将创造历史。故选A项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从小到大，她从没想过会发生这种事。A. doubted怀疑；B. imagined想象；C. realized意识到；D. wondered想知道。根据下文“Her family didn’t have much money”可知，她的家境贫穷，所以她从没有想象这种事情会发生在自己身上。故选B项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的家庭并不富裕，所以她打算学习工程学，因为她想要一份经济稳定的实用职业。A. intended打算；B. volunteered志愿；C. hesitated犹豫；D. managed设法做。根据上文“Her family didn’t have much money”可知，她的家庭不太富裕，所以她打算学习工程学，因为能找到更好的工作。故选A项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的家庭并不富裕，所以她打算学习工程学，因为她想要一份经济稳定的实用职业。A. global全球的；B. mental精神的；C. social社交的；D. financial财政的。根据前文讲到她的家境贫穷可知，她找工作要考虑经济稳定性。故选D项。 6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“虽然我并不总是房间里最聪明的孩子，但我通常是最努力的一个，”她回忆说。A. richest最富有的；B. smartest最聪明的；C. oldest最年长的；D. nicest最好的。根据下文“I was usually the hardest one”可知，此处表示Calandrelli说自己并不是最聪明的。故选B项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在进入麻省理工学院深造之前，她在西弗吉尼亚大学获得了机械和航空航天工程学士学位。A. favored喜爱；B. missed想念；C. lost丢失；D. earned获得，赚的。根据下文“a bachelor’s degree in mechanical and aerospace engineering at West Virginia University”可知，此处描述她获得的学位。故选D项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在进入麻省理工学院深造之前，她在西弗吉尼亚大学获得了机械和航空航天工程学士学位。A. repeating重复；B. considering考虑到；C. advancing发展，进步；D. offering主动提供。根据下文“her studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology”可知，获得学位之后，她又再次进入麻省理工深造。故选C项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她成为节目《探索外太空》的主持人时，她的职业生涯发生了创造性的转变。A. share一份；B. turn轮次，转变；C. chance机会；D. lead领先地位。根据下文“when she became the host of the show Xploration Outer Space.”可知，此处描述她的职业，这份职业应该是她生涯的创造性的转变。故选B项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还写了九本书。A. donated捐赠；B. advertised做广告；C. read阅读；D. authored写作。根据文章开头“and author”可知，她还是一位作家，此处表示她写了九本书。故选D项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的目标之一是让孩子们看到自己在科学领域工作。A. see看见；B. keep保持；C. make制作；D. catch抓。根据上文“One of her goals is for kids to”及下文“themselves working in science fields.”可知，Calandrelli的目标之一是让孩子们看到自己在科学领域工作。故选A项。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：蓝色起源的这次飞行还没有确定发射日期，它将把卡兰德雷利和其他五人送入太空12分钟。A. return返回；B. review回顾；C. launch发射；D. service服务。根据第一段“Now she is ___1___ for a major mission: a journey aboard an upcoming Blue Origin space flight”可知，蓝色起源的飞行即将到来，但是还没有确切的发射日期。故选C项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴能从大气层外欣赏地球。A. appreciate欣赏，感激；B. recognize识别，认可；C. process处理；D. preserve保护。根据下文“Earth from beyond its atmosphere.”可知，她将要飞上太空，从大气层外欣赏地球。故选A项。 14. 考查动词、形容词词义辨析。句意：只有不到100名女性去过太空，她很荣幸能成为其中一员。A. promised承诺；B. motivated激励；C. inspired鼓舞，启发；D. honored尊重，荣幸的。根据上文“Fewer than 100 women have been to space”可知，去过太空的女性很少，她十分荣幸能成为其中之一。故选D项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“能成为其中的一员，我感到骄傲和快乐，”她说。A. humour幽默；B. pride骄傲；C. adventure冒险；D. purpose目的。 根据上文“Fewer than 100 women have been to space, and she is ___14___ to become one of them.”可知，她能成为为数不多的飞入太空的女性，感到骄傲和快乐。故选B项。 四. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is the first time that Chinese scientists 1 (discover) water in materials collected during a Chinese moon mission. The water is in 2 (extreme) small glass beads(小珠子) that were found in the dirt where many meteorites(流星) have hit the moon. The dirt 3 (collect) in 2020. The beads differ in size 4 the width of one hair to several hairs. Since billions if not trillions of these beads exist on the moon, there could be large amounts of water. But mining it would be difficult, the research team said. The findings are based on 32 glass beads randomly 5 (choose) from moon dirt collected on China’s Chang’e 5 moon mission. The study’s findings raise the 6 (possible) that water could be removed by 7 (heat) the beads in future robotic missions. Still, more studies would be needed to show whether such water removals are possible 8 if the water would be safe to drink. Earlier studies found water in glass beads formed by volcanic activity on the moon. Those studies used material collected on the moon by American astronauts more than fifty years ago. The American space agency NASA plans 9 (put) astronauts back on the moon’s surface by the end of 2025. The astronauts will aim for the south pole 10 craters(坑) are believed to be filled with frozen water. 【答案】 1. have discovered 2. extremely 3. was collected 4. from 5. chosen 6. possibility 7. heating 8. or 9. to put 10. where 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家在月球任务中首次发现水，并探讨了这一发现的意义和潜在的应用。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：这是中国科学家在中国月球任务中收集的材料中首次发现水。根据句型“It is the first time that sb. has/have done sth.”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为复数名词Chinese scientists，助动词用have。故填have discovered。 2. 考查副词。句意：这些水存在于极小的小玻璃珠中，这些小玻璃珠是在许多陨石撞击月球的泥土中发现的。空处修饰形容词small，需用副词extremely作状语。故填extremely。 3. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：泥土是在2020年收集的。根据时间状语in 2020可知，此处使用一般过去时，主语The dirt和collect为动宾关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was collected。 4. 考查介词。句意：这些珠子的大小从一根头发的宽度到几根头发的宽度不等。from...to...为固定短语，意为“从……到……”。故填from。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些发现是基于在中国嫦娥5号月球任务收集的月球泥土中随机挑选的32颗玻璃珠。句子已有谓语are based on，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，glass beads和choose为逻辑被动关系，需填过去分词形式，chose的过去分词为chosen。故填chosen。 6. 考查名词。句意：这项研究的结果提出了一个可能性，即在未来的机器人任务中，通过加热这些珠子可以去除水分。根据空前冠词“the”和that引导的同位语从句可知，空处需用名词possibility，作宾语。故填possibility。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这项研究的结果提出了一个可能性，即在未来的机器人任务中，通过加热这些珠子可以去除水分。by为介词，后面需用动名词形式作宾语。故填heating。 8. 考查连词。句意：然而，还需要更多的研究来证明这种去除水分的方法是否可行，或者这些水是否安全可饮用。空前“whether such water removals are possible”以及空后“if the water would be safe to drink”为选择关系，需用并列连词or。故填or。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：美国宇航局计划到2025年底前将宇航员重新送上月球表面。plan to do sth.为固定短语，意为“计划做某事”。故填to put。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：宇航员的目标是月球南极，据信那里的陨石坑里充满了冷冻水。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the south pole，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 五、写作 应用文写作 2024年10月30日神舟十九号载人飞船成功发射。为了让同学们更好地了解我国航天发展的历史、学习中国航天精神，上周六你校学生会举办了第一届校园航天展。假定你是李华，请为你校英文报写一篇英文报道，内容包括： 1. 展览的时间和地点；2. 具体安排；3. 你的感受。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：aerospace exhibition航天展 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 One possible version: The First Campus Aerospace Exhibition Last Saturday, the Student Union of our school held the first campus aerospace exhibition in the school hall. The exhibition was rich in content. There were a series of displays that introduced the history of China’s aerospace development, from the first satellite launch to the successful launch of Shenzhou-19 manned spacecraft on October 30, 2024. Videos about astronauts’ training and space exploration were also shown. In addition, some students dressed up as astronauts to explain aerospace knowledge to visitors. As a student, I was deeply inspired. This exhibition not only broadened my knowledge but also made me really proud of China’s aerospace achievements. It also encouraged me to study hard so that I could inherit the Chinese aerospace spirit. 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份，为校学生会举办的第一届校园航天展写一篇英文报道，需首先介绍展览的时间和地点，再具体描述展览的安排，最后分享自己参展的感受。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 一系列：a series of → a range of, a collection of 展示：show → display, exhibit 成就：achievement → accomplishment, attainment 激励某人做某事：encourage sb. to do → inspire sb. to do, motivate sb. to do 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In addition, some students dressed up as astronauts to explain aerospace knowledge to visitors. 拓展句：In addition, some students, who dressed up as astronauts, explained aerospace knowledge to visitors. 【点睛】 [高分句型1]There were a series of displays that introduced the history of China’s aerospace development, from the first satellite launch to the successful launch of Shenzhou-19 manned spacecraft on October 30, 2024. (运用了that引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]It also encouraged me to study hard so that I could inherit the Chinese aerospace spirit. (运用了so that引导目的状语从句) 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A young girl named Nova had always been fascinated by space travel and dreamed of exploring the stars one day. She spent hours reading books about the planets and galaxies and her room was filled with star charts in models of spacecraft. Nova also loved to repair machines. Always curious about how things worked, she would take apart gadgets(小器具) and put them back together. She even built her own telescope to look up at the night sky. Her parents encouraged her curiosity, gifting her a comprehensive engineering kit on her 10th birthday. Nova spent countless hours mastering the kit, learning everything from basic circuitry(电路) to complex mechanical systems. One day, she signed up for the “Little Astronaut Simulation(模拟) Competition”. The selection process was strict, but Nova’s professional skills in mechanics helped her a lot. What’s more, during her training, Nova learned more complex skills. Fortunately, Nova succeeded. She was selected to join a team of simulation astronauts on a mission to explore a distant planet. Nova was excited and she brought along her toolkit just in case and hoped that her skills could contribute to the mission. As the spaceship flew through the galaxy, Nova admired breathtaking views of stars and planets. She felt weightless and free, like she was flying through the universe. The crew members bonded over shared stories in the dreams, each bringing a unique skill set to the team. Nova quickly became the go-to person for any technical issues. She believed that her toolkit and knowledge would provide invaluable service during the journey. Later, the team encountered a problem. The simulation spaceship’s engine malfunctioned and they became trapped in space. They were running out of oxygen and supplies, and the nearest planet was light years away. Many of them were scared and unsure of what to do. But Nova refused to be afraid. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Finally, they landed back on the earth. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 But Nova refused to be afraid. Fetching her carry-on toolkit quickly and calmly, she began checking the problem with the engine firstly. So focused and brave was Nova that her spirit of courage inspired other astronauts, who set their fear aside, all working together with Nova tirelessly. After what seemed a century, Nova was the first to identify the problem with her rich knowledge. Then, they discussed the solution together, applying what they had learned to the challenging task. Thanks to Nova’s professional skills in mechanics, they made it eventually. As the spaceship roared back to life, they all cheered with joy. Finally, they landed back on the earth. Undoubtedly, the entire group was the winner in the competition. Besides, it was Nova who received special recognition for her great contributions. Her ability to remain calm under huge pressure and her impressive repair skills had successfully turned a dangerous situation into a successful mission. She had proved that anything was possible with hard work and determination. Feeling a sense of pride and accomplishment, Nova dreamed of being a true space explorer to make more contributions in the near future. Actually, she had taken a huge step towards her big dream. 【语篇解读】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个名叫诺瓦的年轻女孩一直对太空旅行着迷，梦想着有一天能去探索星星。诺瓦还喜欢修理机器。有一天，她报名参加了“小航天员模拟比赛”。幸运的是，Nova成功了。她被选中加入一个模拟宇航员小组，执行探索遥远星球的任务。后来，团队遇到了一个问题。模拟飞船的引擎出了故障，他们被困在了太空中。他们中的许多人都很害怕，不知道该怎么办。但是诺瓦冷静应对，解决了问题，让团队平安返回了地球。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“但是诺瓦拒绝害怕”可知，第一段可描写诺瓦检查出了问题，凭借专业技能解决了问题。 ②由第二段首句内容“最后，他们回到了地球上”可知，第二段可描写团队返回地球，诺瓦因其巨大的贡献而受到了特别的认可。 2.续写线索：诺瓦拒绝害怕——发现问题——解决问题——回到地球——诺瓦得到嘉奖——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①检查：check/examine ②发现：identify/find/recognize ③成功：make it/succeed 情绪类 ①快乐：joy/happiness ②不知疲倦地：tirelessly/ indefatigably 【点睛】 [高分句型1]As the spaceship roared back to life, they all cheered with joy. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2]Besides, it was Nova who received special recognition for her great contributions. 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