虚拟语气 讲解 讲义-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

虚拟语气 定义：用来表示说话人主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实 表现形式：通过谓语动词表现 考点：动词的特殊形式 （1） 与if相关 从句 主句 与过去事实相反 Had done Would/should/could/might+have done 与现在事实相反 Did/were Would/should/could/might+do 与将来事实相反 Did/were Were to do Should do Would/should/could/might+do 例如：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. If I had got up early, I wouldn’t have been late. If I were to be 200 years old, we could change everything. Were/should be 练习 ---How do you like the party? ---Wonderful. If you had come with us, you ___________ a good time. A.had B. had had C. would have D. would have had 2.错综时间条件句 你当初要是听我的，现在就不会失业了。 If you had listened to me before, you wouldn’t lose your job now. 3.省略if的条件句 若从句中含有were,had should,有时可把if省略，把were,had should放主语前，变倒装 例如：If you had come earlier, you would have seen him. ➡Had you come earlier, you would have seen him. 4.代替if的条件句(含蓄条件句)：介词或介词短语without/but for+名词 例如：But for your help(If we had not had your help), we couldn’t have succeeded. 不同情况 句子谓语 与过去事实虚拟 Would/should/could/might+have done 与现在事实虚拟 Would/should/could/might+do 与将来事实虚拟 Would/should/could/might+do 练习：Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn’t have written(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. （2） 与愿望，建议，要求，命令等相关的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用（should）+do 1. 1坚持insisit 2命令command,order 3建议advise suggest,propose 4要求demand,ask,desire,urge 外加推荐和决定recommand,decide+宾语从句中要虚拟(should)+do 2. It is important,required…+主语从句➡（should）+do 分词：proposed，suggested，advised等要求，命令 形容词：advisable,incredible,desirable,possible ,probable,natural,strange等 好奇自然可能重要 名词：pity，wonder，shame 遗憾奇怪可惜I t’s a pity /wonder/shame that… 3. 用于表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟 在表示愿望，建议，要求，命令等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，用虚拟（should）+do这类名词有advice,decision,idea,order,plan,suggestion,opinion,direction,policy等。 练习 The suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off (put off) requires to be considered或considering. (consider) (三)表示“要是。。。就好了”的虚拟语气 1.wish+宾从多希望。。。 2.if only要是。。。就好了 3.as if/though+从句 仿佛，好像 不同情况 谓语 与过去事实相反 Had done 与现在事实相反 Did/were 与将来事实相反 Would/could+do 练习： If only he had lain (lay) quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (四)虚拟语气其他形式 1.would rather/had rather/would sooner+宾从 宁愿与过去事实相反：had done;与现在或将来事实相反：did/were 2.It’s (high/about) time+(that) 从句 是时候该做某事了 从句用should do/did 3.lest/for fear(that)/in case+从句 引导目的状语从句 (should )do 4.had expected/hoped/supposed…+从句 would do 例如：We would rather our daughter__stayed____(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$