chapter 4 情态动词 笔记-【语法宝典】2024-2025学年中考英语语法培优生笔记（全国通用）

chapter 4 情态动词 笔记 Modal Verb ·模块一 can/could/be able to用法分述。 ·模块二 may/might用法分述。 ·模块三 must/have to用法分述。 ·模块四 should/ought to用法分述。 ·模块五 need用法分述。 ·模块六 will/would用法分述。 ·模块七 would rather/had better用法分述。 模块一 can/could/be able to用法分述 1. can/could的基本形式和用法： could是can的过去式，或作为委婉语 a. 用于请求或允许，意为“能……” · -- Could/Can I have the television on? -- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. b. 在疑问句和否定句中表示推测，意为“可能……吗？”、“不可能” · 他可能是坏人吗？他不可能是坏人。 Can/Could he be a bad guy? No, he can’t/couldn’t be a bad guy. c. 用于陈述句，表示事情发生的“理论上的可能性”，意为“会” · 事故总会发生。 Accidents can happen. d. 表示能力，意为“能够” · He couldn’t speak English when he was young. could作为can的过去时/委婉语，请打勾 过去时 委婉语 表请求或允许 √ 表推测 √ 表可能性 √ 表能力 √ 2. can/could与be able to的差别： a. 表示能力时， can表示现在、could表示过去；be able to可以用于任何时态，也可以前加情态动词或助动词，如：will be able to, have been able to, should be able to b. 用于过去时中，could表示“有能力做”而“并不一定做成”；若是“实际得以做成某事”，只能用was/were able to=manage to do sth. · 司机得以逃生，其他的乘客没有逃出来。 The driver was able to escape, but the passengers failed to do so. Ms. Wang could sing well when she was young. I was able to pass the examination. 我通过了考试.（不仅有能力,而且实际上做到了.相当于I succeeded in passing the examination.） I could pass the examination. 我当时有能力通过考试.（有能力,但实际上不一定做得到） can/could与be able to差别总结 can/could be able to 表请求或允许 √ × 表推测 √ × 表可能性 √ × 表能力 √ √ 时态 现在/过去 任何时态 用于过去时中含义 有能力但不一定做成 实际得以做成 3. can/could的惯用语： a. cannot help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 · 我情不自禁地笑了。 I cannot help laughing. b. cannot help/choose but do sth.不得不，只能做某事 · 我不得不告诉她真相。 I cannot help/choose but tell her the truth. c. cannot … too + adj./adv. 无论怎样都不为过，越……越好 · 你越小心越好。 You cannot be too careful. d. cannot … without 没有……就不能 · One cannot succeed without perseverance. 没有坚持就不能成功。 e. could not + 比较级 = 最高级 · -- Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? -- I couldn’t agree more. 我非常同意。 ★真题试炼★ 1．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—I wonder if these are Jane’s glasses. —They ________hers. She doesn’t wear glasses. A．are B．might be C．must be D．can’t be 2．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）— ________ you show me how to play the violin, Suzy? — No problem. A．Can B．Should C．Must D．Need 3．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Although the little boy is only 6 years old, he _______ do DIY well with his special mind. A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t 4．（2023·甘肃白银·中考真题）Though Daisy is only 3 years old, she is able to read and write. A．should B．must C．can D．may 5．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）The lovely boy ________ ride the bike at the age of six. A．must B．could C．need D．should 模块二 may/might用法分述 1.may/might的基本形式和用法： might是may的过去式，亦可作委婉语 a.表示请求或允许，意为“可以……” · -- May I smoke here? -- Yes, you may/can. -- No, you can’t/mustn’t. b.表示对事实的不太确定的推测，意为“可能” · The greatest fool may ask more than the wisest man can answer. 愚人之问也可能让智者无言以对。 c.may放在句首，表示祝愿 · 场景连线： May God bless you! on grandpa’s birthday May you succeed in your career! on the graduation ceremony May we never forget each other! on the wedding ceremony May you live long and prosper! before the mid-term exam May you love forever and have a lovely baby soon! on the farewell dinner May good fortune find you this year! during the Spring Festival 2.may/might的惯用语： a.may well do 理所当然，有足够的理由＝have good reason to · 我有足够理由不去上学。 I may well not go to school. b.may/might as well do 最好 · 你最好呆在家里。 You may/might as well stay at home. c.may/might as well do A as do B 与其做B不如做A · One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly. 与其一知半解，不如全然不知。 ★真题试炼★ 6．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）When you make a fresh salad, you ______ add your favorite fruit if you would like to. A．may B．should C．must D．have to 7．（2024·天津·中考真题）It _________ be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices. A．may not B．mustn’t C．need D．should 8．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday? —Not yet. I ______ volunteer at the old people’s home. A．may B．must C．should D．would 9．（2023·辽宁锦州·中考真题）—When? Monday? I’m afraid Monday ________ be a problem for me. —But why? I know you are free on Monday. A．need B．needn’t C．might not D．might 10．（2024·吉林长春·二模）—Where is your father? —I’m not sure. He ________ be in the kitchen and cook for himself. A．might B．can’t C．must D．need 模块三 must/have to用法分述 1. must的基本用法： a. 用于询问、命令或建议，意为“必须”，mustn’t意为“禁止” · -- Must/Need I leave the office after five o’clock? -- Yes, you must. -- No, you needn’t. b. 用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定” · 他现在一定在公司。 He must be in the office now. ♥Attention♥ must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接be (doing) 比较：You must be sleeping now. VS. You must sleep now. 表猜测用法小结： 对现在（正在进行） 对过去 肯定句 must/may/might/could +be/be doing +have done 否定句 can’t/couldn’t/may not/might not 疑问句 can/could c. must表示自然规律或必然结果，意为“必然” · All men must die. 人必有一死。 2. must与have to的差别： must意为“必须”时，与have to的意思相同，但： a. have to表示客观条件有所要求，must表示说话者主观上认为必要 · 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这事） He said that they must work hard. · 居民们不得不忍受广场舞的噪音。 The residents have to stand the noise of the public square dancing. b. 只有在间接引语中，must才能表示过去 · 判断下列句子对错： 1) He had to look after his sister yesterday. （√ ） 2) He must look after his sister yesterday. （ ×） 3) He said he must look after his sister when their parents were away. （√） 4) He said he had to look after his sister when their parents were away. （√ ） c. 在否定结构中，don't have to表示“不必要”，mustn't表示“不允许” · 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You don’t have to tell him this. · 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 You mustn’t tell him this. 表“必须”比较： must have to 主客观 主观意志 客观条件 时态、人称、数的变化 无 有have/has/had to 用于过去时 不可直接用，可以用于间接引语 可直接用 否定形式含义 mustn’t 不允许 don’t have to不必要 3. have to补充说明：在口语中have got to亦可表示义务和需要，与have to基本同义 · 他现在必须走了。 （用have got to）He has got to go. 疑问句：Has he got to go? 否定句：He hasn’t got to go. （用have to）He has to go. 疑问句：Does he have to go? 否定句：He doesn’t have to go. ★真题试炼★ 11．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—In order to keep healthy, we ________ have breakfast. —You’re right. Breakfast is very important for our health. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must 12．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Must I come before 6:00 tomorrow morning? —No, you ________. The meeting will begin at 8:00. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 13．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—You ________ be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs. —Yes. I’ll take a deep rest and make myself comfortable. A．may B．may not C．must D．can’t 14．（2024·云南昭通·三模）—Must I wait here all day? I have a lot of work to do. —No, you ________. You may be back in the afternoon. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．don’t have to D．shouldn’t 15．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）—Mr Li, I don’t want to say sorry to Sandy. —I’m afraid you ________. After all, you broke her glasses. A．may B．have to C．mustn’t D．needn’t 模块四 should/ought to用法分述 1. should的基本用法： a. should表示劝告、建议、命令，意为“应当、要”，其同义词是ought to/be supposed to，在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to · You should do exercises. = You ought to do exercises. = You are supposed to do exercises. b. 用于表达合理的推断，意为“应该” · 三点到了，足球赛应该快要开始了。 It’s three o’clock. The football game should begin soon. c. 用于虚拟语气，意为“应当” · I suggested/advised/urged/ordered (that) you finish your homework first. (should) do · If I were you, I should accept their suggestion. · Now he has to pay a fine. He shouldn’t have tried to steal a ride. ♥Attention♥ should have done 本应该做某事（而实际上没有） shouldn’t have done 本不应该做某事 （而实际上做了） d. 表示义务，意为“应该做”，且表示一种道义上的责任 · I should help him because he is in trouble. e. 表示惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等情绪，意为“竟会、竟然” · You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to his girlfriend. 2. ought to的用法： · 肯定句：He ought to finish the task. · 一般疑问句：Ought he to finish the task? · 否定句：He ought not to finish the task. ★真题试炼★ 16．（2024·西藏·中考真题）You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, or it’s bad for you. A．can B．could C．shouldn’t D．would 17．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Shh… ! This is a library. You ________ keep your voice down. A．can B．can’t C．should D．shouldn’t 18．（2024·云南昆明·一模）—Don’t put off today’s work till tomorrow. I mean, today’s work ________ today. —OK, Mr. White. A．should do B．could do C．should be done D．could be done 19．（2024·福建莆田·一模）—Mulan Stream is the mother river of Putian people. —We ________ protect it. A．might B．dare C．ought to 20．（2023·福建宁德·二模）—Whose rope is this? —It ________ be Tom’s. He used this blue rope in the P. E. class just now. A．had better B．ought to C．used to 模块五 need用法分述 1. need的基本用法：请在下表内填空（dare跟need用法相同） She, need/dare, go there alone 实义动词 情态动词 现在 She needs/dares to go there alone. 过去 She needed/dared to go there alone. 否定 She doesn’t need/dare to go there alone. She needn’t/daren’t go there alone. 疑问 Does she need/dare to go there alone? Need/Dare she go there alone? 2. sth. need doing是主动形式表示被动= need to be done（见被动语态详解） · 花园里的花需要浇水了。 The flowers in the garden need watering now. ★真题试炼★ 21．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—Must I use pink to paint my bedroom? —No, you ________. You can use any colour you like, A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 22．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）When you have fixed this type of lock, you ________ take a key with you. You can open the door with your fingerprint. A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t 23．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）The new app about fashion is really free and you ________ pay money for it. A．may B．must C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 24．（2023·湖北荆州·中考真题）—You _______ take the subway to the airport, for I can drive you there directly. —That’s very kind of you. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 25．（2024·河北石家庄·三模）With the new lock, you ________ search for keys in your bag any more. Isn’t it cool? A．needn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 模块六 will/would用法分述 1. 表示恭谦的请求、建议等，常用于疑问句，would比will委婉客气 · Would you mind my closing the window? 2. 表示意志、愿望和决心 · I will never do that again. 3. 表示估计或猜想 · It would be about ten when he left home. 4. 补充说明 a. would like to do = want to想要，为固定搭配 b. Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some，而不是any c. 否定结构中用won’t，一般不用wouldn’t, won't you是一种委婉语气。 · Won't you sit down? ★真题试炼★ 26．（2022·河北邯郸·三模）—Mum, I’ve signed for a big box by SF Express(顺丰快递). What’s in it? —I’m not sure. It ________ be a present from your aunt. A．might B．must C．should D．will 27．（22-23九年级上·河北邢台·期末）—Whose English book is this? —It________ be Lily’s, but I’m not sure. A．will B．might C．must D．need 28．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—_________ you please pass the dish to me? —Certainly, no problem. A．Must B．Should C．May D．Would 29．（22-23九年级上·辽宁抚顺·期末）—Is Joanna playing the piano in the next room? —It ________ be her. She has gone to Beijing. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．wouldn’t 30．（22-23九年级下·辽宁鞍山·阶段练习）—Would you like __________ to drink, Lucy?    —Thanks. A cup of green tea, please. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 模块七 would rather/had better用法分述 1. would rather do 宁愿 否定：would rather not do 在做两者比较用than would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B · I would rather watch TV than go to see the film. = I prefer watching TV to going to see the film. (prefer) = I prefer to watch TV rather than go to see the film. (prefer) 如果than后面的动词与前面的一样，则可以省略： · I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. 如果than后面是句子，要加that引导的从句： · I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie. 2. had better do 最好 否定：had better not do · 我们最好在冬天的时候多吃多睡来储存能量。 We had better eat more and sleep more to save energy in winter. ★真题试炼★ 31．（2024·甘肃平凉·一模）You’d better ________ your hands before meals. A．wash B．to wash C．not wash D．washing 32．（2024·上海长宁·二模）It is going to rain. You’d better ________ the window open when you go out. A．not leave B．not to leave C．won’t leave D．no leaving 33．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）You’d better _________ your luggage for the important papers before leaving for the airport. A．check B．to check C．checking D．checked 34．（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末）You ________ take an umbrella. The weather report says it might rain in the evening. A．must B．had better C．need D．may 35．（22-23九年级上·江苏无锡·阶段练习）The husband would rather ________ at home ________ some reading. A．stay; to do B．stay; than do C．staying; to do D．staying; than do 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ chapter 4 情态动词 笔记 Modal Verb ·模块一 can/could/be able to用法分述。 ·模块二 may/might用法分述。 ·模块三 must/have to用法分述。 ·模块四 should/ought to用法分述。 ·模块五 need用法分述。 ·模块六 will/would用法分述。 ·模块七 would rather/had better用法分述。 模块一 can/could/be able to用法分述 1. can/could的基本形式和用法： could是can的过去式，或作为委婉语 a. 用于请求或允许，意为“能……” · -- Could/Can I have the television on? -- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. b. 在疑问句和否定句中表示推测，意为“可能……吗？”、“不可能” · 他可能是坏人吗？他不可能是坏人。 Can/Could he be a bad guy? No, he can’t/couldn’t be a bad guy. c. 用于陈述句，表示事情发生的“理论上的可能性”，意为“会” · 事故总会发生。 Accidents can happen. d. 表示能力，意为“能够” · He couldn’t speak English when he was young. could作为can的过去时/委婉语，请打勾 过去时 委婉语 表请求或允许 √ 表推测 √ 表可能性 √ 表能力 √ 2. can/could与be able to的差别： a. 表示能力时， can表示现在、could表示过去；be able to可以用于任何时态，也可以前加情态动词或助动词，如：will be able to, have been able to, should be able to b. 用于过去时中，could表示“有能力做”而“并不一定做成”；若是“实际得以做成某事”，只能用was/were able to=manage to do sth. · 司机得以逃生，其他的乘客没有逃出来。 The driver was able to escape, but the passengers failed to do so. Ms. Wang could sing well when she was young. I was able to pass the examination. 我通过了考试.（不仅有能力,而且实际上做到了.相当于I succeeded in passing the examination.） I could pass the examination. 我当时有能力通过考试.（有能力,但实际上不一定做得到） can/could与be able to差别总结 can/could be able to 表请求或允许 √ × 表推测 √ × 表可能性 √ × 表能力 √ √ 时态 现在/过去 任何时态 用于过去时中含义 有能力但不一定做成 实际得以做成 3. can/could的惯用语： a. cannot help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 · 我情不自禁地笑了。 I cannot help laughing. b. cannot help/choose but do sth.不得不，只能做某事 · 我不得不告诉她真相。 I cannot help/choose but tell her the truth. c. cannot … too + adj./adv. 无论怎样都不为过，越……越好 · 你越小心越好。 You cannot be too careful. d. cannot … without 没有……就不能 · One cannot succeed without perseverance. 没有坚持就不能成功。 e. could not + 比较级 = 最高级 · -- Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? -- I couldn’t agree more. 我非常同意。 ★真题试炼★ 1．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—I wonder if these are Jane’s glasses. —They ________hers. She doesn’t wear glasses. A．are B．might be C．must be D．can’t be 【答案】D 【知识点】are、can表示推测 【详解】句意：——我想知道这是不是Jane的眼镜。——它们不可能是她的。她不戴眼镜。 考查情态动词表推测。are是；might be可能是；must be一定是；can’t be不可能是。根据“She doesn’t wear glasses.”可知，此处表示眼镜不可能是她的，否定推测用can’t be。故选D。 2．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）— ________ you show me how to play the violin, Suzy? — No problem. A．Can B．Should C．Must D．Need 【答案】A 【知识点】must、need、should、can表示请求/许可 【详解】句意：——苏西，你能教我怎么拉小提琴吗？——没问题。 考查情景交际。can能，可以；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“you show me how to play the violin”可知此处是请求许可，can符合语境。故选A。 3．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Although the little boy is only 6 years old, he _______ do DIY well with his special mind. A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t 【答案】A 【知识点】must、mustn't、动词辨析、can表示能力/能够 【详解】句意：虽然这个小男孩只有6岁，但他可以用他特殊的头脑做DIY做得很好。 考查情态动词辨析。can可以；can’t不可能；must必须；mustn’t禁止。根据“do DIY well”可知，此处强调能力，能够做DIY，故选A。 4．（2023·甘肃白银·中考真题）Though Daisy is only 3 years old, she is able to read and write. A．should B．must C．can D．may 【答案】C 【知识点】May、must、should、can表示能力/能够 【详解】句意：虽然黛西只有3岁，但她已经能读会写了。 考查情态动词的用法。should应该；must必须；can能够；may可能。be able to=can，表示“能”，故选C。 5．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）The lovely boy ________ ride the bike at the age of six. A．must B．could C．need D．should 【答案】B 【知识点】could、must、need、should、动词辨析、could表示能力/能够 【详解】句意：那个可爱的男孩在6岁时就会骑自行车了。 考查动词辨析。must必须；could可以；need需要；should应该。根据“at the age of six”可知该句应用情态动词could表示“过去的能力”。故选B。 模块二 may/might用法分述 1.may/might的基本形式和用法： might是may的过去式，亦可作委婉语 a.表示请求或允许，意为“可以……” · -- May I smoke here? -- Yes, you may/can. -- No, you can’t/mustn’t. b.表示对事实的不太确定的推测，意为“可能” · The greatest fool may ask more than the wisest man can answer. 愚人之问也可能让智者无言以对。 c.may放在句首，表示祝愿 · 场景连线： May God bless you! on grandpa’s birthday May you succeed in your career! on the graduation ceremony May we never forget each other! on the wedding ceremony May you live long and prosper! before the mid-term exam May you love forever and have a lovely baby soon! on the farewell dinner May good fortune find you this year! during the Spring Festival 2.may/might的惯用语： a.may well do 理所当然，有足够的理由＝have good reason to · 我有足够理由不去上学。 I may well not go to school. b.may/might as well do 最好 · 你最好呆在家里。 You may/might as well stay at home. c.may/might as well do A as do B 与其做B不如做A · One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly. 与其一知半解，不如全然不知。 ★真题试炼★ 6．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）When you make a fresh salad, you ______ add your favorite fruit if you would like to. A．may B．should C．must D．have to 【答案】A 【知识点】May、must、should、may表示请求/许可 【详解】句意：当你做新鲜的沙拉时，如果你想，你可以添加你最喜欢的水果。 考查情态动词辨析。may可以；should应该；must必须；have to不得不。根据“When you make a fresh salad, you ... add your favorite fruit if you would like to.”可知，做沙拉时，你可以添加你最喜欢的水果。故选A。 7．（2024·天津·中考真题）It _________ be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices. A．may not B．mustn’t C．need D．should 【答案】A 【知识点】May、mustn't、need、should、may表示推测 【详解】句意：这可能不是解决问题的唯一方法。还有其他选择。 考查情态动词。may not可能不；mustn’t表禁止；need需要；should应该。根据“There are other choices.”可知，还有其他解决问题的方式，故此处指这可能不是解决问题的唯一方法，应用may not。故选A。 8．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday? —Not yet. I ______ volunteer at the old people’s home. A．may B．must C．should D．would 【答案】A 【知识点】May、must、should、would、may表示推测 【详解】句意：——Rebecca，你决定这个星期六做什么了吗？——还没有。我可能会在敬老院做志愿者。 考查情态动词辨析。may可能；must一定；should应该；would将。根据“Not yet”及“volunteer at the old people’s home”可知，还没有做决定，在敬老院做志愿者只是一种可能性，故选A。 9．（2023·辽宁锦州·中考真题）—When? Monday? I’m afraid Monday ________ be a problem for me. —But why? I know you are free on Monday. A．need B．needn’t C．might not D．might 【答案】D 【知识点】might、need、动词辨析、might 【详解】句意：——什么时候？星期一？恐怕星期一对我来说可能是个问题。——但是为什么？我知道你星期一有空。 考查情态动词。need需要；needn’t不需要；might not可能不；might可能。根据“I’m afraid Monday...be a problem for me.”可知，此处指恐怕星期一可能没空，故用might。故选D。 10．（2024·吉林长春·二模）—Where is your father? —I’m not sure. He ________ be in the kitchen and cook for himself. A．might B．can’t C．must D．need 【答案】A 【知识点】might、need、must、might 【详解】句意：——你父亲在哪里？——我不确定。他也许在厨房给自己做饭。 考查情态动词。might可能，也许；can’t不可能；must一定；need需要。根据“I’m not sure.”可知，此处表把握不大的肯定推测，指父亲可能在厨房，应用might。故选A。 模块三 must/have to用法分述 1. must的基本用法： a. 用于询问、命令或建议，意为“必须”，mustn’t意为“禁止” · -- Must/Need I leave the office after five o’clock? -- Yes, you must. -- No, you needn’t. b. 用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定” · 他现在一定在公司。 He must be in the office now. ♥Attention♥ must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接be (doing) 比较：You must be sleeping now. VS. You must sleep now. 表猜测用法小结： 对现在（正在进行） 对过去 肯定句 must/may/might/could +be/be doing +have done 否定句 can’t/couldn’t/may not/might not 疑问句 can/could c. must表示自然规律或必然结果，意为“必然” · All men must die. 人必有一死。 2. must与have to的差别： must意为“必须”时，与have to的意思相同，但： a. have to表示客观条件有所要求，must表示说话者主观上认为必要 · 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这事） He said that they must work hard. · 居民们不得不忍受广场舞的噪音。 The residents have to stand the noise of the public square dancing. b. 只有在间接引语中，must才能表示过去 · 判断下列句子对错： 1) He had to look after his sister yesterday. （√ ） 2) He must look after his sister yesterday. （ ×） 3) He said he must look after his sister when their parents were away. （√） 4) He said he had to look after his sister when their parents were away. （√ ） c. 在否定结构中，don't have to表示“不必要”，mustn't表示“不允许” · 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You don’t have to tell him this. · 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 You mustn’t tell him this. 表“必须”比较： must have to 主客观 主观意志 客观条件 时态、人称、数的变化 无 有have/has/had to 用于过去时 不可直接用，可以用于间接引语 可直接用 否定形式含义 mustn’t 不允许 don’t have to不必要 3. have to补充说明：在口语中have got to亦可表示义务和需要，与have to基本同义 · 他现在必须走了。 （用have got to）He has got to go. 疑问句：Has he got to go? 否定句：He hasn’t got to go. （用have to）He has to go. 疑问句：Does he have to go? 否定句：He doesn’t have to go. ★真题试炼★ 11．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—In order to keep healthy, we ________ have breakfast. —You’re right. Breakfast is very important for our health. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must 【答案】C 【知识点】must、mustn't、动词辨析、must表示必须 【详解】句意：——为了保持健康，我们必须吃早餐。——你是对的。早餐对我们的健康很重要。 考查动词辨析。mustn’t禁止；can’t不能；must必须。根据“In order to keep healthy, we...have breakfast.”可知，早餐对我们的健康很重要，所以我们必须吃早餐。故选C。 12．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Must I come before 6:00 tomorrow morning? —No, you ________. The meeting will begin at 8:00. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】B 【知识点】mustn't、shouldn't、动词辨析、must表示必须 【详解】句意：——我明天早上必须在6点之前来吗？——不，你不必。会议将在8点开始。 考查动词辨析。mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；can’t不能；shouldn’t不应该。对于must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答，用needn’t或don’t have to。故选B。 13．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—You ________ be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs. —Yes. I’ll take a deep rest and make myself comfortable. A．may B．may not C．must D．can’t 【答案】C 【知识点】May、must、动词辨析、must表示推测 【详解】句意：——你做完那些艰苦的工作后一定很累了。——是的。我要好好休息一下，让自己舒服点。 考查动词辨析。may也许；may not也许不；must一定；can’t不可能。根据“You ... be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs.”可知，此处表示非常肯定的推测，故选C。 14．（2024·云南昭通·三模）—Must I wait here all day? I have a lot of work to do. —No, you ________. You may be back in the afternoon. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．don’t have to D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【知识点】mustn't、shouldn't、have to 【详解】句意：——我必须在这里等一整天吗？我有很多工作要做。——不，你不需要。你可以下午就回去。 考查情态动词。根据“Must I wait here all day?”可知，含有must提问的疑问句，其否定回答是don’t have to或者needn’t，故选C。 15．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）—Mr Li, I don’t want to say sorry to Sandy. —I’m afraid you ________. After all, you broke her glasses. A．may B．have to C．mustn’t D．needn’t 【答案】B 【知识点】have to、mustn't、May 【详解】句意：——李先生，我不想对桑迪说对不起。——恐怕你必须这么做。毕竟，你打碎了她的眼镜。 考查情态动词。may可能；have to不得不，必须；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必。根据“After all, you broke her glasses.”可知打破了对方的眼镜，所以必须给对方道歉。故选B。 模块四 should/ought to用法分述 1. should的基本用法： a. should表示劝告、建议、命令，意为“应当、要”，其同义词是ought to/be supposed to，在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to · You should do exercises. = You ought to do exercises. = You are supposed to do exercises. b. 用于表达合理的推断，意为“应该” · 三点到了，足球赛应该快要开始了。 It’s three o’clock. The football game should begin soon. c. 用于虚拟语气，意为“应当” · I suggested/advised/urged/ordered (that) you finish your homework first. (should) do · If I were you, I should accept their suggestion. · Now he has to pay a fine. He shouldn’t have tried to steal a ride. ♥Attention♥ should have done 本应该做某事（而实际上没有） shouldn’t have done 本不应该做某事 （而实际上做了） d. 表示义务，意为“应该做”，且表示一种道义上的责任 · I should help him because he is in trouble. e. 表示惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等情绪，意为“竟会、竟然” · You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to his girlfriend. 2. ought to的用法： · 肯定句：He ought to finish the task. · 一般疑问句：Ought he to finish the task? · 否定句：He ought not to finish the task. ★真题试炼★ 16．（2024·西藏·中考真题）You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, or it’s bad for you. A．can B．could C．shouldn’t D．would 【答案】C 【知识点】could、shouldn't、would、动词辨析、should表示建议 【详解】句意：你不应该在睡觉前吃太多的食物，否则对你的身体不好。 考查情态动词辨析。can 可以；could可以；shouldn’t不应该；would将会。根据“or it’s bad for you”可知，此处建议睡觉前不要吃太多的食物，故选C。 17．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Shh… ! This is a library. You ________ keep your voice down. A．can B．can’t C．should D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【知识点】should、shouldn't、动词辨析、should表示建议 【详解】句意：嘘……！这里是图书馆。你应该小点声。 考查情态动词辨析和should表示建议。can能；can’t不能；should应该；shouldn’t不应该。根据“This is a library. You...keep your voice down.”可知，此处是建议小点声，故选C。 18．（2024·云南昆明·一模）—Don’t put off today’s work till tomorrow. I mean, today’s work ________ today. —OK, Mr. White. A．should do B．could do C．should be done D．could be done 【答案】C 【知识点】could、should、含情态动词的被动语态、should表示责任/义务 【详解】句意：——不要把今天的工作拖到明天，我的意思是，今天的工作应该今天完成。——好的，怀特先生。 考查含有情态动词的被动语态和情态动词辨析。should应该；could能，可以。根据“Don’t put off today’s work till tomorrow”可知，此处表示今天的工作应该今天完成。情态动词should意为“应该”，主语today’s work和动词do之间是被动关系，此处应用含有情态动词should的被动语态，结构是：should+be+动词过去分词。故选C。 19．（2024·福建莆田·一模）—Mulan Stream is the mother river of Putian people. —We ________ protect it. A．might B．dare C．ought to 【答案】C 【知识点】ought to、动词辨析、might、dare 【详解】句意：——木兰溪是莆田人的母亲河。——我们应该保护它。 考查情态动词辨析。might可能；dare敢；ought to应该。根据“Mulan Stream is the mother river of Putian people.”可知，此处表示我们应该保护木兰溪。故选C。 20．（2023·福建宁德·二模）—Whose rope is this? —It ________ be Tom’s. He used this blue rope in the P. E. class just now. A．had better B．ought to C．used to 【答案】B 【知识点】ought to 【详解】句意：——这是谁的绳子？——应该是汤姆的。他刚才在体育课上用了这根蓝色的绳子。 考查情态动词和动词短语辨析。had better最好；ought to应该；used to过去常常。根据“He used this blue rope in the P. E. class just now.”可知，此处猜测应该是Tom的绳子，故选B。 模块五 need用法分述 1. need的基本用法：请在下表内填空（dare跟need用法相同） She, need/dare, go there alone 实义动词 情态动词 现在 She needs/dares to go there alone. 过去 She needed/dared to go there alone. 否定 She doesn’t need/dare to go there alone. She needn’t/daren’t go there alone. 疑问 Does she need/dare to go there alone? Need/Dare she go there alone? 2. sth. need doing是主动形式表示被动= need to be done（见被动语态详解） · 花园里的花需要浇水了。 The flowers in the garden need watering now. ★真题试炼★ 21．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—Must I use pink to paint my bedroom? —No, you ________. You can use any colour you like, A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】D 【知识点】mustn't、shouldn't、need 【详解】句意：——我必须用粉红色来粉刷我的卧室吗？——不，你不用。你可以用任何你喜欢的颜色。 考查情态动词。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。根据“Must I...”可知其否定回答用needn’t。故选D。 22．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）When you have fixed this type of lock, you ________ take a key with you. You can open the door with your fingerprint. A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t 【答案】B 【知识点】mustn't、shouldn't、need 【详解】句意：你把这种锁修好后，就不必带钥匙了。你可以用指纹把门打开。 考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止；can’t不能。根据“You can open the door with your fingerprint.”可知可以用指纹把门打开，所以不必带钥匙。故选B。 23．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）The new app about fashion is really free and you ________ pay money for it. A．may B．must C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 【答案】D 【知识点】need、shouldn't、must、May 【详解】句意：这款关于时尚的新应用程序真的是免费的，你不需要付费。 考查情态动词。may可以；must必须；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不需要。根据“The new app about fashion is really free”可知，这款app是免费的，不需要付费。故选D。 24．（2023·湖北荆州·中考真题）—You _______ take the subway to the airport, for I can drive you there directly. —That’s very kind of you. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】B 【知识点】mustn't、shouldn't、need 【详解】句意：——你不必坐地铁去机场，因为我可以直接开车送你去。——你真是太好了。 考查情态动词。can’t不能；needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该。根据“take the subway to the airport, for I can drive you there directly.”可知开车送他去机场，所以不必坐地铁。故选B。 25．（2024·河北石家庄·三模）With the new lock, you ________ search for keys in your bag any more. Isn’t it cool? A．needn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【知识点】need、shouldn't、mustn't 【详解】句意：有了新锁，你再也不用在包里找钥匙了。这不是很酷吗？ 考查情态动词。needn’t不必；can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该。根据“With the new lock, you...search for keys in your bag any more”可知有了新锁，就不必在包里找钥匙了。故选A。 模块六 will/would用法分述 1. 表示恭谦的请求、建议等，常用于疑问句，would比will委婉客气 · Would you mind my closing the window? 2. 表示意志、愿望和决心 · I will never do that again. 3. 表示估计或猜想 · It would be about ten when he left home. 4. 补充说明 a. would like to do = want to想要，为固定搭配 b. Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some，而不是any c. 否定结构中用won’t，一般不用wouldn’t, won't you是一种委婉语气。 · Won't you sit down? ★真题试炼★ 26．（2022·河北邯郸·三模）—Mum, I’ve signed for a big box by SF Express(顺丰快递). What’s in it? —I’m not sure. It ________ be a present from your aunt. A．might B．must C．should D．will 【答案】A 【知识点】might、must、should、will、might、must表示推测、should表示推测、will表示意愿 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我签收了一个顺丰快递的大盒子。里面是什么？——我不确定。可能是你阿姨给你的礼物。 考查情态动词的辨析。might可能，表推测；must一定，表推测；should应该；will将要。根据“I’m not sure”可知妈妈并不确定，应填might“可能”。故选A。 27．（22-23九年级上·河北邢台·期末）—Whose English book is this? —It________ be Lily’s, but I’m not sure. A．will B．might C．must D．need 【答案】B 【知识点】will表示意愿、must表示推测、need、might、动词辨析、will、need、must、might 【详解】句意：——这是谁的英语书？——可能是莉莉的，但是我不确定。 考查情态动词辨析。will将要，表达将来；might可能，表达不是十分肯定的推测；must必须，肯定，表达十分肯定的推测；need需要。根据“but I’m not sure.”可知，推测并不是十分确定，故用might。故选B。 28．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）—_________ you please pass the dish to me? —Certainly, no problem. A．Must B．Should C．May D．Would 【答案】D 【知识点】would表示委婉语气、would、should、must、May 【详解】句意：——请你把菜递给我好吗？——当然可以，没问题。 考查情态动词。Must必须；Should应该；May可以，表示许可和允许；Would可以，表示礼貌和请求。根据“you please pass the dish to me”可知此处在表示礼貌和请求，用would。故选D。 29．（22-23九年级上·辽宁抚顺·期末）—Is Joanna playing the piano in the next room? —It ________ be her. She has gone to Beijing. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．wouldn’t 【答案】A 【知识点】would表示委婉语气、must否定表示禁止、can表示推测、need 【详解】句意：——乔安娜正在隔壁房间弹钢琴吗？——不可能是她。她去北京了。 考查情态动词。can’t不可能；needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止；wouldn’t不肯，不会。根据“She has gone to Beijing.”可知，乔安娜去北京了，在隔壁房间里弹钢琴的人不可能是她，用can’t表示否定推测。故选A。 30．（22-23九年级下·辽宁鞍山·阶段练习）—Would you like __________ to drink, Lucy?    —Thanks. A cup of green tea, please. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 【答案】A 【知识点】anything、everything、nothing、something、something、代词辨析、would表示委婉语气 【详解】句意：——-露西，你想喝点什么吗？——谢谢，请给我一杯绿茶。 考查复合不定代词。something某物；anything任何东西；everything一切；nothing没有什么。something to drink“一些喝的东西”，“Would you like...?”句型表示建议，意思是“你想要……吗？”，something不需要改成anything。故选A。 模块七 would rather/had better用法分述 1. would rather do 宁愿 否定：would rather not do 在做两者比较用than would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B · I would rather watch TV than go to see the film. = I prefer watching TV to going to see the film. (prefer) = I prefer to watch TV rather than go to see the film. (prefer) 如果than后面的动词与前面的一样，则可以省略： · I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. 如果than后面是句子，要加that引导的从句： · I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie. 2. had better do 最好 否定：had better not do · 我们最好在冬天的时候多吃多睡来储存能量。 We had better eat more and sleep more to save energy in winter. ★真题试炼★ 31．（2024·甘肃平凉·一模）You’d better ________ your hands before meals. A．wash B．to wash C．not wash D．washing 【答案】A 【知识点】wash、had better 【详解】句意：你最好在用餐前洗手。 考查动词形式。wash洗，原形；to wash不定式；not wash不洗；washing动名词。根据“before meals”可知是指用餐前洗手。you’d better do sth.“你最好做某事”，因此应用动词原形。故选A。 32．（2024·上海长宁·二模）It is going to rain. You’d better ________ the window open when you go out. A．not leave B．not to leave C．won’t leave D．no leaving 【答案】A 【知识点】had better、leave(left left) 【详解】句意：要下雨了。你出去的时候最好不要让窗户开着。 考查固定搭配。had better意为“最好”，(常简略为’d better)是一固定词组，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。had better后跟动词原形，构成had better do sth.句型。其否定式是将not直接放在had better的后面，构成had better not do sth。故选A。 33．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）You’d better _________ your luggage for the important papers before leaving for the airport. A．check B．to check C．checking D．checked 【答案】A 【知识点】情态动词后加动词原形、had better 【详解】句意：在去机场之前，你最好检查一下你的行李是否有重要文件。 考查动词。根据“You’d better”可知，had better do sth.“最好做某事”，动词用原形。故选A。 34．（23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末）You ________ take an umbrella. The weather report says it might rain in the evening. A．must B．had better C．need D．may 【答案】B 【知识点】had better、need、must、May 【详解】句意：你最好带把伞。天气预报说晚上可能会下雨。 考查情态动词。must必须；had better最好；need需要；may可能。根据“take an umbrella. The weather report says it might rain in the evening.”可知晚上可能会下雨，所以最好带把伞。故选B。 35．（22-23九年级上·江苏无锡·阶段练习）The husband would rather ________ at home ________ some reading. A．stay; to do B．stay; than do C．staying; to do D．staying; than do 【答案】A 【知识点】情态动词后加动词原形、动词不定式作目的状语 【详解】句意：这位丈夫宁愿待在家里读书。 考查固定句型用法。would rather do sth. than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，第一空应填动词原形，排除选项C和D。根据句意可知此处“待在家”和“读书”不是并列选择关系，读书是待在家的目的，因此用动词不定式to do作目的状语。故选A。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$