必修三 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Discovering Useful Structures（课件）- 【上好课】2024-2025学年高一英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019必修第三册）

仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 Discovering Useful Structures 新人教必修三 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 教学目的 By the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. Identify and understand the meaning and functions of the -ing form used as the adverbial and the object complement. 2. Use the -ing form as the adverbial and the object complement to describe people’s actions and experiences. What do these sentences have in common? What are the functions and meanings of the -ing forms? 1. … her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees. 2. Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. 3. The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. The -ing form adverbial adverbial object complement Can you find other examples from the passage on Page 16? 1. … how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired? 2. At times, she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care. 3. … she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. The -ing form Read the sentences below and discuss the function and meaning of each -ing form. Lead-in 1. Climbing mountains is dangerous. subject 2. My brother always loves playing basketball after school. object 3. His hobby is playing games. predicative 4. The lady doing the live broadcast is called Qiao Biluo. attribute 5. Looking down at her phone as she walked, she hit the door. adverbial 6. The head teacher saw Li Ming playing with smart phone in the classroom. object complement Part One The –ing form as the Adverbial (动词ing用作状语) 什么是状语？ 1. 一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当; 2.其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中; 3.状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的 主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓 （主动）关系。 Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. When the students hear the bell, “听到”，主动关系 逻辑主语 Ving作状语 Waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China daily. 1.从句主语和主句主语一致 2.句子的主语和分词形成主动关系 Ving作状语相当于状语从句(有时是并列句） While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily. -ing形式在句中作状语, 修饰谓语动词或整个句 子, 表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条 件、伴随状况等。 时间 状语 方式 状语 原因 状语 结果 状语 伴随 状语 条件 状语 状语 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. 时间状语 时间状语从句 When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. 可以保留谁？ 作时间状语 现在分词作时间状语,相当于when, while, after等引导的时间状语从句。 现在分词一般式 现在分词完成式 表示动作与谓语动词表示动作同时或相继发生。 Hearing the exciting news, we jumped with joy. 听到这个令人振奋的消息时，我们高兴地跳了起来。 表示动作先于谓语动词表示动作发生。 Having finished the housework, she got ready to go shopping. 做完家务活之后,她准备去购物。 Winning the golden medal in the 2022 Winter Olympic, he becomes very popular with young Chinese. 原因状语 原因状语从句 Because he won the golden medal in the 2022 Winter Olympic, he becomes very popular with young Chinese. Being a student, you should study hard. 原因状语 原因状语从句 Since you are a student, you should study hard. 作原因状语 现在分词作原因状语，相当于because, since, as等引导的原因状语从句。 现在分词完成式 现在分词一般式 原因通常早于结果，故现在分词多用完成式。 Living far from the company, Josie has to get up early every morning. 由于住得离公司远,乔茜每天早晨只好早起。。 对于静态动词，如感知、认知动词know, see, realise, find, think等以及be动词，多用一般式。 Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer. 由于抽烟太多，他患了肺癌。 1. Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. 2. He sat on the sofa, watching TV. 1. They laughed and talked and went into the classcroom. 2. He sat on the sofa, and watched TV. 伴随状语 并列句（主句动作和分词动作同时发生) 作伴随状语 现在分词作伴随状语可位于句首或句末，表示与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。现在分词是谓语动词表示动作的陪衬动作。 The professor put a finger in his mouth , tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. 教授把一根手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，然后笑了，看起来很高兴。 "Don't you know I'm one of you?" asked the bat, showing his teeth. "难道你们不知道我是你们的成员之一吗?"蝙蝠露出牙齿问。 I was in the kitchen cooking something. 我在厨房者东西。 现在分词作伴随状语，往往带有目的性，即目的和伴随兼而有之。多放于句末，且与主句用逗号隔开。 Many young farmers hunted around from city to city, hoping to get good jobs. 许多年轻的农民辗转于各个城市，希望能找到好工作。 He waited impatiently, expecting his friend could come earlier. 他不耐烦地等待着，希望他朋友能早点来。 She kept it a secret, trying not to lose her job. 她对此保守秘密，尽量别丢掉工作。 The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song. The song is sung all over the country, which makes it the most popular song. 结果状语 表示自然而然的结果 作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语，一般位于句末。前文表示原因，现在分词表示造成的必然结果。 The fire lasted nearly two days, leaving nothing valuable. 大火持续了将近两天，没剩下有价值的东西。 My grandpa fell off the bike, breaking his right arm and leg. 我爷爷从自行车上掉下来，摔断了右胳膊和右腿。 It has rained for over ten days, causing the river to rise. 下了十多天雨，致使河水上涨。 His wife died in 2012, leaving him with three children. 他妻子于 2012年去世,留下他和三个孩子。 现在分词作结果状语时，现在分词之前可加thus，表示强调。 The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. 公共汽车受暴风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。 现在分词作结果状语，相当于so连接的并列句，或so that引导的结果状语从句。 He didn't pass the exam, making his parents quite disappointed. =He didn't pass the exam, so (that) it made his parents quite disappointed. 他没有通过考试，这让他父母非常失望。 Believing yourself, you will realize your dream. 伴随状语 条件状语从句 If you believe yourself, you will realize your dream. 作条件状语 现在分词作条件状语，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。通常使用一般式，位于句首。 Going straight down the road, you will find the hospital. 沿着这条路直走，你就会找到那家医院。 Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 如果你努力学习，你就一定会成功的。 "祈使句 +and+ 简单句"也具有上述用法。 Going straight down the road, you will find the hospital. →Go straight down the road, and you will find the hospital. 作方式状语 Using a stick, Ma Liang drew a horse on the ground in ten minutes. 马良用一根枝条十分钟之内就在地上画了一匹马。 Holding his head high, the hero walked past the enemies. 那位英雄高昂着头从敌人身边走过。 The visitor from Japan comes in smiling. 那位来自日本的客人笑着进来了。 现在分词作伴随或方式状语时，一般不能转化为状语从句，但可以转化成并列句。 My friend was seated in the sofa, reading a magazine. =My friend was seated in the sofa and she was reading a magazine. 我的妻子坐在沙发上，读着一本杂志。 作让步状语 现在分词作让步状语，相当于though/although, even if/even though等引导的让步状语从句，此用法相对少见。 Having failed many times, I still have faith in my future. =Though I have failed many times , I still have faith in my future. 尽管失败多次，我仍然对未来充满信心。 Admitting that she has made some progress, I still don't think she has tried his best. 我承认她取得了一些进步，但我仍然认为她没有尽力。 作程度状语 在一些习惯用法中，现在分词可以作程度状语，意为"很，非常，极度"，相当于程度副词very, extremely等。 I was boiling hot and sweaty. 我浑身滚烫，大汗淋漓。 It's freezing cold today for October. 对于十月份来说，今天天气太冷了 It was burning hot yesterday. 昨天非常炎热。 Lanny is an amazing beautiful girl. 兰妮是一个非常漂亮的姑娘。 作独立成分（可当做一些固定搭配，常放句首） 例句： ① Judging from (by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看, 他一定是个演员。 ② Generally speaking, people like colour TV sets rather than white black ones. 一般来说，相比于黑白电视机，人们更喜欢彩色 电视机。 与逻辑主语构成独立主格 例句: 1. I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head． 　我等汽车时,一只鸟落到了我头上。 2. Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许, 我们将做另外两个练习。 与前面的句子有什么区别？ Part Two The –ing form as object complement (动词ing用作宾补) 1. We saw the teacher doing the experiment. I saw her being questioned by the police. Compare and find 在with复合结构中作宾补 在使役动词keep, get, leave, have等后作宾补 在感官动词see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等后作宾补 3. I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on. With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 2. In order to keep warm, we kept the fire burning. Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 现在分词作宾语补足语 现在分词除了作状语、定语和表语外，还可以作宾语补足语，说明宾语怎么样或正在进行的动作。 形容词性质的现在分词(分词形容词)作宾补 一些表示"观点，认知"的动词，如think, consider, believe, find, feel等，都可以接这类复合宾语。 We think the report very encouraging. 我们认为这个报告非常鼓舞人。 I considered the book rather boring. 我认为这本书相当枯燥。 They all feel the result of the game disappointing. 他们都觉得比赛结果令人失望。 动作性质的现在分词作宾补 感官动词see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice, observe, discover, find, listen to, look at, catch等，可以接现在分词作宾补。 Someone saw Amy watering flowers in the garden. 有人看见艾米正在花园里浇花。 She heard someone singing next door. 她听到隔壁有人正在唱歌。 I caught him reading my private letters. 我发现他在偷看我的私人信件。 感官动词后面可跟现在分词作宾补，也可跟不带to的不定式作宾补。现在分词表示正在进行的动作，不定式表示动作的全过程或结果。 (听的时候门铃正在响) I heard the doorbell ringing. 我听见门铃在响。 I heard someone knock at the door. 我听见有人敲门了。 (敲门的动作已完成) 现在分词作感官动词的宾补时，不能使用完成式。 He saw the house having burned. He saw the house burning. 动作性质的现在分词作宾补 使役动词have, get, set, leave, keep等，可以接现在分词作宾补。 I can't have you wasting water like that. 我不能让你那样浪费水。 Don't keep your children learning all day. 不要让你的孩子整天都在学习。 It was cold, so they left the fire burning all the night. 天气很冷，所以他们让炉火整夜燃烧着。 在“with + 宾语 + 现在分词”结构中，现在分词充当了with宾语的补足语 Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her. 有这么多双眼睛看着她，玛丽感到很害羞。 With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 物价上涨这么快，我们买不起奢侈品。 现在分词作宾补，宾语是动作的执行者 I saw the dog following a man. 我看见那只狗跟在一个人的身后。 过去分词作宾补，宾语是动作的承受者 I saw the dog followed by a man. 我看见那只狗有人在后面跟着。 不定式表示动作的全过程或结果 I have seen Milla grow up from childhood, so I know her quite well. 我看着米拉从小长大，因此很了解她。 现在分词表示主动和正在进行 Some students last saw Reed playing near an Internet bar. 几个学生最后看见瑞德时他正在一家网吧附近玩耍。 过去分词表示被动或完成 They want to see this matter settled immediately. 他们希望看到这个问题立刻解决。 She heard her name called just a moment ago. 刚才她听见有人叫过她的名字 She heard her name being called from behind and stopped to look back. 她听见有人在后面一直叫她的名字,就停下来向后看。 (called是过去分词作宾补，表示“被动和完成”) (being called是现在分词的被动语态作宾补，表示“被动和进行”) 作宾补 主动 ____________ 被动 ____________ 在_____________后作宾补 在_____________后作宾补 在_____________后作宾补 doing being done 感官动词 使役动词 with复合结构 Summary v-ing形式 形式 用法 feel want face smile return worry hear knock 1. that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr Johnson hurried to the hospital. 2. During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour __________ about him. 3. I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not ________ to be heard. 4. He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone ________ at his door. Exercise: P18 - 2 Hearing worrying wanting knocking 5. ________ higher import and export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive. 6. __________ from the North Pole, the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year. Facing 7. The child lay on her mother’s lap, ___________sweetly. 8. _________hurt by the rejection, she bit her lip and quietly walked away. Returning smiling Feeling Exercise: P18 - 2 feel want face smile return worry hear knock Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the -ing form. deciding to become a doctor after hearing that many people were dying in the war Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses , and showed people how to give first aid. praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China 仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而浸多也著于竹帛谓之仓颉之初作书盖依类象形故谓之文其形声相益即谓之字文者物象之本字者言孳乳而 Discovering Useful Structures 新人教必修三 Unit 2 Thank You ! $$