训练(7) Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修4同步练测（人教版2019）

高中英语·选择性必修第四册 训练（七） Section I Reading and Thinking 7.As a matter of fact,his carelessness [基础语用题] his failure in the exam. 【.单词拼写 8.And in my opinion,nothing could be 1.The (纽带)between members of his contributions to an animal family is not as strong as that in science. a human family. 9.He then offered to take me to that area to 2.Most little kids are so curious that they a job. love to read fairy (故事). 10.If everyone can 3.To her great surprise,the girl found the helping hand to others,the world around Queen's jewels guarded by special us will be more and more harmonious. (皇家的)soldiers, Ⅲ.单句语法填空 4.The news letter is a useful (频 1.His sudden (withdraw)from the of communication between teachers game made many people surprised. and students. 2.The (extend)of the subway 5.Our football team played up to its best in will take several months. the last (联赛)matches. 3.Today's newspapers made a statement as Ⅱ.短语填空 to their refusal (negotiate). search for:set sail:lead to:in a league of 4.The explorer set sail the one's own:under the command of:in return Antarctic in search of some unknown for;withdraw from;reach out:for the wildlife. benefit of;in hand 5.With these devices hand,you 1.The warning sign was put there can work out the capacity of the pot. the public. V.完成句子 2.As a painter,he is food and clothes to people in the disaster 3.He decided to the area. committee and join up with the 急需向灾区人民提供食物和衣服。 opposition. 2.With the leaves changing colors,it won't 4.The army is be long General Smith. 树叶在变颜色了，不久就会到冬天了。 5.The fleet will for Africa to 3.Our hometown has changed a lot,and send some machines that help build now it is quite different from railways. 6.With lots of work I'm 我们的家乡变化很大，它现在与数年前的 afraid I can't go to the party tonight. 样子完全不同。 26 Our anthropogenic ocean noise,such as I can't spare some time for my holiday. cargo ships,ship and boat propellers(螺旋 手头有这么多工作，我抽不出时间度假。 桨)，surfing,deep sea mining,etc.are 5.The trees causing destruction of marine life.According have been moved off the road. to Time,sound is the sensory signal that 那些在暴风雨中被刮倒的树木已经被清除 travels the farthest through the ocean. 出路面了。 Anthropogenic noise drowns out the natural [能力提升题] soundscapes,putting marine life under immense stress.Altogether,this stress then I,阅读理解 affects their general health,disturbs their A (2022·湖北高二期中)Have you ever behavior,physiology,reproduction and,in extreme cases,causes death.Marine life can had the feeling that you can't think when there is too much noise around?Did you ever adapt to noise pollution,however,only if think a fish could experience that feeling they can escape it.This only renders further too?A recent paper published in Science complications(困难，问题)of straying(使偏 titled“Soundscape(声景)of the Anthropocene species from their traditional breeding Oceans",combined over 10,000 scientific regions or separating them from their families. papers,confirming that undersea life knows Now,what if we told you there is that exact same feeling,more often than already a solution?Multiple remedies,ideas not.Anthropogenic(人为的)ocean noise, and designs are currently in the works or also known as underwater noise pollution, already exist to get rid of and change the has created a dramatic impact on marine life damage of anthropogenic ocean noise.As due to“human-caused”activity within and Time explains,from wind-powered ships to neighboring our oceans. noise-reducing propellers,floating wind Disney Pixar's animated film Finding turbines(风力发电机)and“bubble curtains'” Nemo educated us about the ocean,and that muffle construction noise,the solutions specifically within the ordinary world of a are already available and in some cases, clown fish.A fact many may not know is cost-effective(划算的).The authors of the that clown fish spend the first part of their lives as larvae(幼体)，drifting with the paper hope it will catch the attention of policymakers,who historically speaking, current(洋流)of the ocean until they become strong enough to swim against it.Once they have ignored the mater still to this day. are powerful and strong,they head home in Of all the challenges ocean creatures are sheltered coral reefs.There is only one battling,luckily sound pollution is the disadvantage-the fish can't physically see easiest compromise humans can make.Once the reef,but they can hear it.The only the noise has decreased,marine life will be problem is,if they can't hear it,will they able to better manage everything else it is up ever make it home? against. 27 高中英语·选择性必修第四册 1.What do we know about "Soundscape of species of sharks are social creatures who the Anthropocene Oceans"? return day after day to a group of the same A.It analyses how sound travels in the fellow sharks. ocean. Papastamatious's team studied gray reef B.It discusses different types of ocean sharks living in the waters off Palmyra Atoll pollution. Island.They attached small location transmitters C.It explores the effects of noise pollution to track the animals'movements around the on sea life. reef.After tracking the sharks for four D.It studies how sea animals communicate years,the researchers found that the same with each other. groups of sharks frequently returned to the 2.Why did the author mention clown fish in same parts of the reef repeatedly.They also Paragraph 2? found that some of the groups stuck together A.To present their life cycles. longer than previous studies have observed. B.To show how terrible their living The sharks might be motivated to stay conditions are. together.Papastamatious says,because it C.To introduce a famous animation about makes hunting for food easier."If we hang out together and I see something,then you can the ocean world. D.To stress the importance of natural come and try and take advantage of that,he says."And alternatively,if you see something, soundscapes to sea life. then I can try and take advantage of that." 3.What does the underlined word“renders” He emphasizes that the sharks don't probably mean in Paragraph 3? hunt together,but says that as long as the A.Causes. B.Reduces. group isn't too large-which would raise C.Reveals. D.Prevents. competition and conflict-socializing appears 4.Which of the following solutions is already to benefit the sharks.And that may be one available according to Paragraph 4? of the factors that led to sociality in the A.The management of ship traffic. species. B.The restriction of human activities. David Shiffman,who studies sharks' C.The adoption of noise control techniques. ecology and conservation at Arizona State D.The application of relevant laws. University,says he was surprised to learn B the sharks stuck together for so long."I (2022·广州高二期末)Everyone needs mean,I don't have a lot of friends I do that a buddy,even sharks.Sharks are often with,”he jokes. described as Hollywood monsters,the lone Sharks are amazing creatures,Shiffman wolves hiding in the deep,hunting for prey. says.In addition to knowing where to grab a But that description of sharks is increasingly bite by watching their friends,he says, out of step with what scientists are learning some species of sharks can also learn to about the animals.Instead,they say,some solve simple puzzles,just by watching other 28 sharks solve them.Given their intelligence dioxide to the environment.Trees absorb and social abilities,he says perhaps it's time carbon dioxide and in turn release fresh to drop prejudices about sharks."It turns oxygen in the environment.2 Thus, out that they are a lot smarter than most they are the most important contributors in people think,and they have come complex maintaining the environmental balance. ability to process their environment and Trees can prevent soil erosion(侵蚀) learn and change,"Shiffman says. and clean soil.Trees bind(捆绑)the soil of 5.Why do some sharks keep together? the earth tightly.3 They are highly A.To go back to the same reef. beneficial for preventing soil erosion. B.To have fun. Besides,poisonous chemicals and pollutants C.To scare other sharks away. from various factories enter into the soil, D.To hunt for food with ease. thus causing soil pollution.Trees have the 6.In which group may sharks like socializing? ability to store them or change them into A.A large group. less harmful forms. B.A competitive group. 4 Trees satisfy the need of fuel for C.A small group. cooking in many areas around the world. D.A group filled with conflicts. Trees also provide wood for furniture and 7.What can be inferred about sharks from hundreds of household items.Wood pulp their behaviour? (is used for making paper in industries. A.They are still developing. Also,trees produce a number of fruits and B.They are intelligent. nuts which are sold at market.Some trees C.They are hiding themselves. are even used to make medicines. D.They are aggressive. Trees provide life to birds and insects. 8.Where is this text probably from? 5 Insects get their food in the form of A.A science magazine. seeds,buds,and fruits.Thus trees are the B.A travel brochure. most important supporters of life. C.An encyclopedia. A.This lowers global warming. D.A news remark. B.Trees are of commercial importance. Ⅱ，阅读七选五 C.This increases the drying effect on the (2022·丹东高二期末)Trees have long soil. played a special role in all aspects of human D.More benefits of trees are being discovered. life.In ancient times,trees provided a place for E.They give them food,shelter,cover, humans to take shelter from storms,heat and and nest sites. even enemies.Today,the importance of trees F.Trees provide wood for making furniture continues to increase.1 and paper. Trees provide the necessary oxygen to G.Therefore,fast flowing water or heavy breathe.Many industrial and development wind is unable to take away soil with it. activities add huge quantities of carbon 295.解析考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，设空处为谓：1，解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Anthropogenie… 语，根据时间状语“over the past decades”可知应用现在 within and neighboring our oceans.."可知，人类海祥声景 完成时，主语是Many of them,谓语用复数，故填have 探索人为活动对海洋生物的影响。故选C。 displayed 答案C 答案have displayed 2.解析推理判断题。根据第二段“A fact many may not 6.解析考查冠词。分析句子可知，设空处修饰可数名词 know is that clown fish spend the first part of ..they show,表示泛指，应用不定冠词，reality的发音以辅音音 ever make it home?”可知，小丑鱼是通过声音来寻我回 素开头，故填。 家的路，说明了海底生物对声膏的依赖性。由此推知， 答案 列举小丑鱼是强调了自然的声景对海底生物是十分重 7.解析考查代词。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词 要的。故选D people,应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。 答案D 答案its 3.解析词义猜测题。根据所画单词前后句“Marine life 8.解析考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，“ can adapt to noise pollution.however,only if they can history meant to the development of a city”为宾语从句， escape...their families.”可推出，“走失的物种离它们的 设空处在从句中作宾语，意为“什么”，故填what 传统繁殖地更远或者与它们家族分青的情况更加严重” 答案what 是噪声污染引起的结果，所以renders意思是“引起，造 9.解析考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词ways,应用形 成”，与cause意思相近。故选A。 容词，故填understandablea 答案A 答案understandable A.解析推理判断题。根据第四段“As Time explains, 10.解析考查词性转接。设空处在介词o「后作宾语，应 from wind-powered ships to noise-reducing ..some 用名词curiosity,意为”好奇心”，是不可数名词，故填 cases,cost-effective(划算的)."可知，已经在船只上采 curiosity。 用了一些降低船只柴声的措范，解决的方案是采用噪声 答案curiosity 控制技术。故选C I. 答案C 「参考范文] [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文，科学家发现一些种类 Tigers are the largest members of the cat family, 的蜜鱼是群居动物，它们日复一日地回到司一群滨鱼身 living in thick forests.They are very fierce and mainly eat 边，文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现。 meat.They have yellow and black stripes all over the body 5.解析细节理解题。根据第三段“The sharks might be which looks very beautiful.They also have long and strong motivated to stay together,Papastamatious says, because it makes hunting for food easier. tails. (Papastamatious说，鲨鱼可能会藏激励待在一起，因为 During the past years.many forests have been 这样可以更容易猎食，)”可知，有些鲨鱼会聚集在一起 destroyed and therefore the habitats of tigers are becoming 是为了轻松地寻找食物。故选D。 worse and worse.As a result.there are fewer tigers left in the world now. 答案D 6.解析细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“He emphasizes Tigers are endangered animals.so we must do our that the sharks don't hunt...socializing appears to best to protect their habitats and improve their living benefit the sharks.”可知，鲨鱼喜欢在小群体中社交。 conditions. 故选C。 训练（七） 答案C [基础语用题] 7.解析推理判断题。根据最后一役“It turns out that I. they are a lot smarter than most people think.and they 1.bond 2.tales 3.royal 4.channel 5.league have come complex ability to process their environment 1. and learn and change'”可知，从鲨鱼的行为可以推断出 1.for the benefit of 2.in a league of his own 他们很聪明。故选B 3.withdraw from 4.under the command of 5.set sail 答案B 6.in hand 7.led to 8.in return for 9.search for 8.解析标题归纳题，根据第一段“Everyone needs a 10.reach out buddy.a group of the same fellow sharks.."结合文章 主要说明了科学家发现一些种类的鲨鱼是群居动物，它 1.withdrawal 2.extension 3.negotiation 4.for 5.in 们日复一日地回到同一辉鲨鱼身边，并且介绍了这项研 N. 究开展的过程以及研究发现。可推知，文章可能来自科 1.There is an urgent need to offer 2.before winter is 学杂志。故速A。 here 3.what it used to be a few years ago 4.With so 答案A much work in hand 5.blown down in the storm H. [能力提升题] [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了树木 对人类以及动物的重要性。 [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍自然声 L.解析根据上文“Today,the importance of trees 景对海洋生物活动的重要性，以及目前人类为防止噪声对 continues to increase,(今天，树木的重要性雏续增 海洋生物造成不利彩响而采取的措麓。 加，)”说明时至今日，树木对我们还是越来越重要的。 17 通过下文“Trees provide the necessary oxygen to:[能力提升题] breathe.(树木为呼吸提供必要的氧气，)”以及第三段 “Trees can prevent soil erosion(侵蚀)and clean soil.. [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了16岁 (树木可以防止土援侵蚀，清洁土壤。)”可知，下文主要 的Slt在一次度假中产生了解决海洋塑料垃圾的想法，经 讲述了树木的众多好处。D项“树木的更多好处正在 过五年的工作，他推出了世界上第一个海洋望料清理系 被发现”承上启下，符合文意。故选D。 统：001系统。Slat认为通过这一系统，到2025年，由60 答案D 个系统组成的阵列可以将那里的塑料数量减少50%。 2.解析根据上文Trees absorb carbon dioxide and in 1.解析 细节理解题。根据第一段“Slat's life began turn release fresh oxygen in the environment.(树木吸 alarming problem.”可知，一次出国度假促成了Slat解 改二氧化碳，反过来释放新鲜的氧气到环境中，)”和下 决海洋塑料垃极的想法。故透A。 "Thus,they are the most important contributors in 答案A maintaining the environmental balance,(图此，它们是 2.解析朝节理解题。根据第二段“Plastic gradually 维持环境平衡的最重要的贡献者。)”可知，设空处需承 breaks down into very small pieces called microplastics. 上启下。A项“这降低了全球变暖。”符合文意。故 which can eventually enter the food chain..”可知，塑料 选A。 垃圾将被包含在人类的食物中，从而最终危害世界。故 答案A 选D, 3.解析根据上文“Trees bind the soil of the earth 答案D tightly..(树木紧紧地束缚着土壤。)“说明树木可以保护 3.解析细节理解题。根据第三段“After five and a hal山 土壤：下文“They are highly beneficial for preventing years'hard work.into the Pacifie”可知，O0l系统蜿蜒 soil erosion.(对防止水土流失极为有利。)”说明树木可 进入太平洋。故选B。 以起到防止水土流失的作用。G项“因此，端急的水流 答案B 或强风无法带走土援”承上启下，符合文意，且G项中 A.解析推理判断题。根据第三段“After five and a half 的“soil”与上下文一致。故选G」 years'hard work.ocean currents flow past.”结合文章 答案G 主要介绍了16岁的Sat在一次度假中产生了解决海洋 4.解析根据下文“Trees satisfy the need of fuel for 塑料拉圾的想法，经过五年的工作，他推出了世界上第 cooking in many areas around the world.Trees also 一个海洋塑料清理系统：001系统。Slat认为通过这 provide wood for furniture and hundreds of household 系统，到2025年，由60个系统组成的阵列可以将那里 itms.(在世界许多地区，树木满足了烹任燃料的需求。 的塑料数量减少50%。可推知，文章的目的是告知我 树木还为家具和数百种家居用品提供木材。)”可知，树 们关于Sat解决海洋塑料垃圾的做法。故选C。 木在很多方面郁有非常大的用论。B项“树木具有重要 答案C 语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鲨鱼 的商业价值”特合文意，引出下文。故选B 遭捕杀数量减少对整个生态系统，尤其是海洋生态系统的 答案B 影响，从而呼吁大家保护鲨鱼，维持海洋健康 5.解析根据上文“Trees provide life to birds and insects.(树木为鸟类和昆虫提供了生命。)”说明树木 5解析推理判断题。根据第二段“As sharks die off, the populations of animals ..the populations of the 可以让鸟类和昆虫植以生存，可推知，下文应该具体说 creatures that those animals eat will shrink.”以及第三 明了树木是如何为鸟类和昆虫提供生命的。E项“树木 为它们提供食物、庇护所，遮蔽物和果穴。”待合文意，承 "Reducing shark populations affect more than just... 接上文。故选E。 shark population upset the ecosystem.”可知，鲨鱼的数 量减少会导致海洋生态系统遭到破坏。故选D项。 答案E 答案D 训练（八） 6.解析段落大意题。根据第四段“Try to refuse shark 基础语用题] product5."和第五段“If you eat seafood,make sure it I. comes from fisheries that care for the oceans.”可知，第 1.taxes 2.capsule 3.tournament 4.manned 四段和第五段主要讲的是据救鲨鱼的方式。故选 5.laptop A项。 Ⅱ. 答案A 1.Due to 2.participate in 3.Devoted to 4.except for 7.解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后“nets meant for 5.set of目 other kinds of fish”可知，鲨鱼的一个死因是困在指获其 Ⅲ. 他鱼类的网里面，可推出tangled应该是“困在，陷入，姓 1.mixture 2.applause 3.professional 4.coverage 住"的意思，stuck词义与原文语境最为接近。故选A。 5.political 答案A N. 8.解析标题归纳题。根据第三段“Reducing shark 1.am too nervous to focus on my studies 2.how to populations affect more than...shark population upset operate the computer 3.Having driven all day 4.Beside the ecosystem.”并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了鲨鱼 him stood 5.as excited as you 遭捕杀数量减少对整个生态系统，尤其是海洋生态系统 V. 的影响，从而呼吁大家保护鲨鱼，维持海洋健康。C项 1.to explore 2.to carry out the plan 3.to send a deep “保护鲨鱼，海洋健康”符合文意，且具有高度概括性，适 water machine 4.to be controlled remotely by scientists 合作为标题。故选C 5.dive deep into the sea 6.To conduct such a research 答案C 18