Unit 2 Grammar—复习被动语态-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修4同步练测（外研版2019）

●高中英语·选择性必修第四册(WY) [句式剖析 have a home phone rather than providing a 现在分词短语making him the oldest mobile phone for every family member. university graduate in the country在句中作 像我和妻子这样的年轻家庭的X一代人仍 结果状语，该短语属于make复合结构，名词 然可以发现，拥有一部家用电话比为每个家 短语the oldest university graduate作宾语 庭成员提供一部手机更方便。 补足语。 [名师点津] [归纳拓展 ①“make十宾语+宾语补足语”结构中通常 make十宾语十宾语补足语的常见形式： 不用现在分词充当宾语补足语。 名词或形容词 ②“make十宾语十宾语补足语”结构中作宾语 (1)make十宾语十宾语朴足语 不带to的不定式 补足语的名词若为职务名词，其前不加冠词。 过去分词 [活学活用] 介词短语 (2)make十it十形容词/名词十不定式/从句，常用 (1)单句语法填空 于这种句型的动词还有：think、consider、find、 ①He found difficult to stop feel等。 smoking. To make herself heard,the teacher raised 2 They didn't know the native language,so her voice. they couldn't make themselves 为了让大家听到，老师提高了声音。 (understand). However,dangerous conditions and 3How do we make it a habit for them damaged roads will make it difficult to (do)morning exercises. deliver food and supplies. (2)单句写作 然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送 ④他每天早晨6点起床，这已成为一种 和物资补给将非常困难。 习惯。 Generation Xers with young families,like He makes it a habit my wife and I,can still find it convenient to at six every day. Grammar 复习被动语态 the world and can see things from a 教材示例 different point of view. 用所给动词的适当形式完成下面教材中 4.(教材P15)While we are living,we tend to 的句子并体会它们的语法特征 get (distract)by l.(教材Pl4)This all changes when he unimportant things,such as gathering reunite)with his favourite material possessions. college professor,Morrie Schwartz. 5.(教材Pl5)Reading this book made me feel 2.(教材PI4)On discovering that Morrie (weaken)by a severe as if I'd (wake)up from a illness,Mitch starts visiting him at his long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the house on Tuesdays. world! 3.(教材Pl5)After finishing it,I feel I 6.(教材P15)A box of tissues will (give)a deeper insight into (need)to get through this book! 36 UNIT 2 Lessons in life Many animals are being killed and their 要点突破 habitats are being damaged. 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语 许多动物正在被杀害，而且它们的栖息地正 态。主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者， 在遭到破坏。 被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。被 They said they had been invited to the 动语态的句子谓语动词的形式是“be十动词的 party. 过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被 他们说他们已经被邀请参加晚会了。 动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by The work will have been finished by the end 短语表示出来。 of next month. 到下个月底前这项工作将会完成。 要点一被动语态的用法 [对点训练1] 1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。 单句语法填空 Paper was first invented in China. DWe are confident that the environment 纸是中国首先发明的。 (improve)by our further 2.强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行 efforts to reduce pollution. 者，用by短语表示出来。 2 It is the first time that the actress's A special class to help poor readers was set performance (recognize up by an expert in the school. by the director. 学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难 3I have to go to work by taxi because my car 者的特色班。 (repair)at the garage. 3.由于修辞的原因，或是为了使句子结构更 要点三使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 合理。 1.否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态 The professor came to our school and was 动词之后。 warmly welcomed by the teachers and He was extremely disappointed to hear that students. he would not be given a doctor's degree. 那位教授来到我们学校并受到师生们的热 听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。 烈欢迎。 2.含有双宾语的被动结构：有些动词后面常常 要点二各种时态的被动语态 带有双宾语（间接宾语十直接宾语）。这种 句子变为被动语态时，可以使用“间接宾语 项目 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 (一般是人)”作主语，也可使用“直接宾语 am/is/are has/have (一般是物)”作主语。 现在am/is/are done being done been done My father is telling me an interesting story now. was/were had An interesting story is being told to me by 过去 was/were done being done been done my father now. -I'm being told an interesting story by my 将来 shall/will shall/will 无 have been father now. be done done 我爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。 37 ●高中英语·选择性必修第四册(WY) 3.含有复合宾语的被动结构：变被动句时应将宾 (4)be worth doing-be worthy to be done 语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不 主动形式表示被动意义。 动（这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语）。 The novel is worth reading again.The We saw him sitting there without doing novel is worthy to be read again. anything. 这部小说值得再读一次。 -He was seen sitting there without doing [对点训练2] anything. 将下列各句改为被动语态 我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。 D We saw a stranger enter the building 4.短语动词的被动结构：短语动词在主动结构 just now. 中是一个不可分割的词组，要把它们作为整 →A stranger 体看待，相当于一个及物动词。在被动结构 2My uncle gave me a present the other day. 中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 →A present Kids in the kindergarten are being taken 3These small trees need taking good care of. good care of. -These small trees need 幼儿园的孩子们被照顾得很好。 要点四动词不定式的被动语态 5.含有情态动词的被动结构：情态动词十be十 1.动词不定式的被动语态由“to十be+及物动 过去分词。 Nowadays,solar energy can be used to 词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示 的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要 produce electricity in many countries. 现在太阳能在许多国家可以被用来发电。 用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被 6.主动形式表示被动意义。 动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to (1)连系动词（如look、sound、smell、feel、 have been done)。 taste、remain,seem、hear、appear、prove等) The magazines are not allowed to be taken 后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动 out of the library. 意义。 这些杂志不允许带出图书馆。 What he said at the meeting sounded I am proud to have been admitted to Peking encouraging. University. 他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。 我很自豪已被北京大学录取。 (2)当wash、write、sell、open、close、shut、 2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的 lock、cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily、 情况。 well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 (1)动词不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代 The book written by that famous writer 词构成动宾关系，且句中出现了动作的逻辑 sells very well. 主语时，如果动作的执行者在主语或宾语中 那位著名作家写的书很畅销。 没有出现，则用不定式的被动式。口诀：自 (3)need、want、require、deserve等+doing 己的事情自己做用主动，别人的事情自己做 用主动形式表示被动意义。 用被动。 His hair needs cutting.His hair needs to The villager will show you the secret path be cut. to take. 他的头发需要剪了。 这位村民将告诉你要走的秘密小道。 38 UNIT 2 Lessons in life I'll go to the post office.Do you have 4.Your experiment report anything to be posted? (type)now and it (finish)） 我要去邮局。你有东西要邮寄吗？（此句中 s00n. 的不定式to be posted的执行者不是句子的主 5.To make way for the wide street,these 语you而是I) houses need (pull) (2)在“主语十be十adj.十todo”结构中，不 down. 定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式 6.It (report)that the injured 表示被动含义。常用形容词有easy、 had already been sent to the hospital. difficult、hard、interesting、 pleasant、 7.She had no money (buy)a comfortable、heavy、good、nice等。 birthday present for their children Our headmaster looks hard to get close to, 8.We won't start the work until all the but in fact he is easy to get along with. preparations (make). 我们校长看起来很难接近，但实际上他很容 9.The moment I entered the meeting room,a 易相处。 ridiculous proposal (3)动词不定式与疑问词连用时。 (discuss). With so many books at hand,Tom had no 10.The next thing (do)is to clean the classroom. idea which to read first. Ⅱ.句型转换 手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪 将下列各句改成被动语态。 一本。 1.They will give me a chance to play in this [对点训练3] game again. 单句语法填空 →A chance DWe have four reading passages 2.We planted many trees in the northwest of (complete)in the coming holiday. China last year. 2The old man found the computer was hard →Many trees (operate). 3.We will plant more trees there to improve 3I'm doing some washing.Do you have any the environment. clothes (wash)? →More trees 口即学活用 4.He hurried to the station,but was told the train had left. I,单句语法填空 -He hurried to the station,only 1.It is declared that our salary (raise)from next month. 5.Many young translators have translated pop 2.New Zealand wine is of high quality and songs into English in recent years. (sell)all over the world. →Pop songs 3.To live a healthy and happy life,the 提示请完成《素能提升训练》训练五 pollution must (stop). 39Ⅱ，重点短语 要点突破 1.for 2.with 3.of 4.with 5,from 6.of 7.after [对点训练1] 8.through 9.with 10.with 11.through 12.to ①will be improved has been recognized ③is Ⅲ，重点句型 being repaired 1.On discovering 2.Once you learn how to die 3.While [对点训练2] we are living 4.It's up to us to find out 5.as if I'd been Dwas seen to enter the building just now was given to woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to me the other day by my uncle to be taken good care of the world [对点训练3] 【语篇精读合作探究】—一整体理解 ①to complete②to operate③to be washed I.1-5 DEBAC 即学活用 I,1一4DBBD I.1.will be raised 2.is sold 3.be stopped 4.is being ll.1.which 2.is filled 3.bravery 4.what 5.on typed will be finished 5.pulling to be pulled 6.was 6.deeper 7.to find 8.messages 9.based reported 7.to buy 8.have been made 9.was being 10.keeping discussed 10.to be done 【要点精研讲练互动】一核心词汇 II.1.will be given to me to play in this game again L.活学活用①optimistic②about③pessimist ④was by them pessimistie about my school performance optimistic 2.were planted by us in the northwest of China last year about my future 3.will be planted by us there to improve the environment 2.活学活用①having anticipation ③Itis 4.to be told the train had left anticipated that 5.have been translated into English by many young 3.话学话用①possessed②the③takes possession of/is translators in recent years in possession of a large company possesses a large Section III Developing ideas Presenting ideas company is in the possession of the old man 【基础认知自主学习】 4.活学活用①beyond②as③It is recognized that 【.重点单词一基础单词 重点句型 1.cram 2.lean 3.Madame l.话学活用①arriving②when③than①his arrival/ 拓展单词 arriving at the airport 1.pure 2.instinctively 3.despair 4.luxury 2.活学活用①performed ②Once③arrives ①Once Ⅱ，重点短语 our friends are in trouble 1.for 2.into 3.out 4.with 5.in 6.away 7.with Section II Using language 8.of 9.to 10.off 【基础认知自主学习】 Ⅲ，阅读词汇 L,张开的，伸开的2.透明的3.荒唐的，愚益的4.轻 I,重点单词一基础单词 抚，抚摸 1.phrase 2.fee N.重点句型 拓展单词 1.with hand outstretched 2.do know 3.every time you cooperate go to the window 4.How happy 5.so very kind as to Ⅱ，重点短语 give him back to us 1.in 2.on 3.at 4.to 5.with 6.than 【语篇精读合作探究】一整体理解 Ⅲ.重点句型 I.the content of two scenes in the two acts of the 1.to share and pass on wisdom 2.did so 3.where Blue Bird appropriate 4.making him the oldest university graduate Ⅱ.1-3CDA in the country 5.what you can learn from Janet's story I.1.written 2.which 3.magical 4.have been 【要点精研讲练互动】一核心词汇 searching 5.to find 6.the 7.curing 8.in 话学活用①cooperative②with③cooperation ④in 9.luxuries 10.kindness cooperation with our partners 【要点精研讲练互动】—一核心词汇 重点句型 1.活话学活用①against/on②forward ③lean on 活学活用①it②understood ③todo ④to get up/ each other that he gets up 2.活学活用①into②To③to④in despair Grammar-一复习被动语态 重点句型 教材示例 1,活学活用①did②do③do consult your doctor 1.is reunited 2.is being weakened 3.have been given 2.活学活用①The②Every/Each③Every time I was 4.distracted 5.been woken 6.be needed in trouble