2025年中考英语二轮复习专题训练--动词的语态

专题训练------动词的语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系，分为_____语态和____语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。是常用语态，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，be本身无词义，但有时态，人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致。 1.被动语态 1.1 Look! What a nice garden! --Yes, It____ every day. A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. is being cleaned D. was cleaned 1.2---Who invented telephone? ----It _____ by Bell. A. is invented B. was invented C. has been invented D. is being invented 1.3 Teenagers_____ to choose their own clothes. A. should be allowed B. should allow C. are allowed 2.被动语态的用法 2.1 The window______ ten minutes ago, and the room is bright now. A. can be cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaned D. will be cleaned 2.2 This kind of food______ cool, clean and dry according to the instruction. A. should be carried B. must be put C. should be pleased D. must be kept 3.主动语态和被动语态的转换 3.1 A lot of food_____ to that country after the war was over. A. was sent B. are sent C. is sending 3.2 Sam planted the tree last year. (变被动 语态) __________________________________ Bruce writes a letter every week. (变被动 语态) 3.3 She gave me a book. (变被动语态) _________________________(间接宾语me改为主语) 1.1一般现在时态中的被动语态结构 为：_________________ 1.2 一般过去时态中的被动语态结构 为：_____________________ 1.3 含有情态动词的被动语态结构 为：_________________________ 除了1.1,1.2，1.3，介绍的时态以外，还有那些呢？ ______________ _________________ ______________ __________________ ______________ __________________ 2.被动语态中主语是动作是承受者，主要用于下列情况。 ①不知道动作的执行者是谁，如： _______________________这些书是为孩子们写的。 ②没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁，如： _____________________每年都必须种植更多的树。 ③需要强调或突出动作的承受者。如： __________________世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 ④动作的发出者不是人。 _____________________很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。 3.主动语态变被动语态。 ①要将主动句里的宾语成分变成被动语态中的___________ 若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变为____________ ②把主动句中的主语变成被动句中的________ , 主格变为_______, 并由_____ 引导。 ③谓语动词变成相应的________ 形式。 3.2 主动语态： 动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者 被动语态： ___________ ___________ _________ 3.3带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态。 带双宾语的谓语动词变被动语态时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语，若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to __________________(直接宾语a book 改主语) 3.4 He makes the girl stay at home (改为被动语态) ________________________________ 4.主动形式表被动意义 4.1 The book written by Mr.Wang________ easily. A. read B. reads C. is read 4.2 The film is really worth_______ twice. A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen 4.3 Everything in this room wants______. A. wash B. to wash C. washing 4.4 The World War I_____ in 1914 and ___ in 1918. A. broke out, over B. was broken out，was over C. broke out, end D. broke out, ended 5.被动形式表主动意义 5.1— My watch_________. --- Don’t worry, let’s go to the Lost＆Found. A. is lost B. is broken C. has found 6.关于被动语态结构的习惯用法。 ___________________据说 ___________________据报道 ____________________大家相信 ____________________众所周知 ［易混模块］ 1.The man______ in his room last night. A. died B. was died C. has died D. have died 2.The pen my father bought me______ smoothly. A. write B. writes C. was written D. has written 3.More and more trees need_____ the world. A. planting B. to plant C. be planting D. be planted 4.你应该照顾好你自己。（翻译） _______________________________ 5.判断下列句子是被动语态还是系表结构。 A. 被动语态 B. 系表结构 或for. 3.4主动句中在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，加上不定式to。 4.1 open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive, peel, 等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语因为物，可用主动形式表被动意义。 4.2 在be worth doing中doing 表______意义。 4.3 want, need, require等表示“需要”后跟v-ing表________,相当于to be done. 4.4 break out ,take place, shut off, turn off, work out等动词表示“发生，关闭，制定”等意思时表主动。 5.1 ________迷路 ________穿着 _______ 躲藏 都是被动形式表示主动意义。 1. 分不清及物动词和不及物动词 英语中只有及物动词有______语态，如______发生 ______到达 _____来 _____去 ______属于 2. 主动语态表被动意义的用法。 _______打开 _______卖 ______读 ______写等不及物动词在用作不及物动词时，他们的主语是物，要用主动语态表被动意义。 3. want, need, require,表需要时加______可表被动。 4.有反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。 5.1 被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 5.2 系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构则没有。 5.3系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰。 5.4系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。 1 The tree was cut down by the worker.___ 2 His watch is lost.________ 3 She is dressed in white today. ______ 4 My hometown was liberated in 1949.____ 5 The door is now closed._____ 一、选择题答案 1.1 B 1.2 B 1.3 A 2.1 C 2.2 D 3.1 A 3.2 The tree was planted by Sam last year. A letter is written by Bruce every week. 3.3 I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her. 3.4 The girl is made to stay at home by him. 4.1 B 4.2 B 4.3 C 4.4 D 5.1 A 6. It is said that... It is reported that... It is believed that... It is known that... 二、填空题答案 1. 一般现在时态中的被动语态结构为：am/is/are + 过去分词 2. 一般过去时态中的被动语态结构为：was/were + 过去分词 3. 含有情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 4. 除了上述时态外，还有现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being + 过去分词；过去进行时的被动语态：was/were being + 过去分词；现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been + 过去分词等。 三、翻译题答案 You should take good care of yourself. 四、句子判断答案 The tree was cut down by the worker.（A. 被动语态） His watch is lost.（B. 系表结构） She is dressed in white today.（B. 系表结构） My hometown was liberated in 1949.（A. 被动语态） The door is now closed.（B. 系表结构） 五、易混模块答案 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. get lost /be lost（迷路）；be dressed（穿着）；be hidden（躲藏） 及物动词有被动语态，如 take place（发生）；arrive（到达）；come（来）；go（去）属于不及物动词，无被动语态。 open（打开）；sell（卖）；read（读）；write（写）等不及物动词在用作不及物动词时，主语是物，用主动语态表被动意义。want, need, require 表需要时加 v-ing 可表被动。 综合练习： 一、单项选择题 1. The classroom ______ every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. cleaned 2. The bridge ______ last year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built 3. These photos ______ on the Great Wall last week. A. take B. took C. were taken D. are taken 4. —Can you tell me who ______ the telephone? —Bell did. A. invented B. invents C. was invented D. is invented 5. A lot of trees ______ in our city every year. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 6. English ______ in many countries. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. are spoken 7. The novel ______ by Lu Xun. A. write B. wrote C. is written D. was written 8. The meeting ______ next week. A. will hold B. will be held C. holds D. is held 9. This kind of bike ______ well. A. sell B. sells C. is sold D. are sold 10. The work ______ in two days. A. will finish B. will be finished C. finishes D. is finished 二、填空题 1. The house ______ (paint) last month. 2. The letter ______ (write) by my sister yesterday. 3. These toys ______ (make) in China. 4. The song ______ (sing) by many people. 5. The window ______ (break) by the boy just now. 6. A new school ______ (build) in our village next year. 7. The book ______ (read) easily. 8. The car ______ (repair) at the moment. 三、句型转换 1. They clean the classroom every day.（改为被动语态） The classroom ______ ______ every day. 2. He wrote a letter yesterday.（改为被动语态） A letter ______ ______ by him yesterday. 3. The workers built the bridge last year.（改为被动语态） The bridge ______ ______ by the workers last year. 4. We should plant more trees.（改为被动语态） More trees ______ ______ ______ by us. 5. They gave the children some books.（改为被动语态，两种形式） The children ______ ______ some books by them. Some books ______ ______ ______ the children by them. 四、阅读理解 阅读短文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。 In English, the passive voice is widely used. It helps us to focus on the object or the result of an action rather than the doer. For example, "The book is read by many people" emphasizes the book being read, while "Many people read the book" focuses on the people who do the reading. The passive voice is formed by using the auxiliary verb "be" followed by the past participle of the main verb. The form of "be" changes according to the tense. In the present simple tense, it is "am/is/are + past participle", like "The classroom is cleaned every day". In the past simple tense, it is "was/were + past participle", such as "The house was built last year". There are also some special cases. Some verbs can have an active form but express a passive meaning. For example, "The pen writes smoothly" means the pen can be used to write smoothly. And some words like "lost", "broken", "dressed" in certain phrases are in a passive form but express an active meaning, like "My watch is lost" which means I can't find my watch. 1. What is the main function of the passive voice? A. To show who does the action. B. To emphasize the doer of the action. C. To focus on the object or result of the action. D. To make the sentence more complicated. 2. How is the passive voice formed in the present simple tense? A. "will be + past participle" B. "am/is/are + past participle" C. "was/were + past participle" D. "have/has been + past participle" 3. Which of the following sentences is in the passive voice? A. I clean my room every day. B. She writes a letter. C. The car is repaired by the mechanic. D. They play football in the park. 4. What does "The book sells well" mean? A. The book is sold by someone. B. The book can be sold easily. C. People sell the book well. D. The book is being sold. 5. What is the meaning of "My clothes are washed" in passive voice? A. I wash my clothes. B. Someone washes my clothes. C. My clothes can be washed. D. My clothes are clean. 五、写作 请用被动语态写一篇短文，描述你所在学校的一次活动，至少包含 5 个被动语态的句子。 Last week, a sports meeting was held in our school. Many events were organized, such as running races, long jump and high jump. The running track was cleaned carefully before the races. Trophies and medals were prepared for the winners. The results of the races were announced by the teachers. A lot of photos were taken during the meeting. All the students were excited and they really enjoyed themselves. The sports meeting was considered a great success. 生成一些考查英语被动语态的阅读理解题 请再生成一些不同类型的英语语法综合练习题。 生成一些考查英语词汇的综合练习题。 一、单项选择题答案 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. B 二、填空题答案 1. was painted 2. was written 3. are made 4. is sung 5. was broken 6. will be built 7. reads 8. is being repaired 三、句型转换答案 1. is cleaned 2. was written 3. was built 4. should be planted 5. were given; were given to 四、阅读理解答案 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$