专题4 第1讲 有提示词类语法填空（课件PPT）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮

板块二 核心素养之语言运用篇 专题四　语法填空 第一讲　有提示词类语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 　　 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 变化规则 典型例词 规则变化 一般在词尾加-­s；如果是以ch、sh、s、x等结尾的单词，则加­es trees、bikes、books、buses、watches、boxes、bushes “辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i再加-es；“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词，则直接加­s babies、families、boys、plays 以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro、hero)、两菜(tomato、potato)加­-es外，其余一般加-­s radios、photos 以f或fe结尾的单词，通常变f或fe为v再加-­es wives、knives、wolves 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 变化规则 典型例词 特殊变化1 man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice 特殊变化2 German→Germans、human→humans、stomach→stomachs、chief→chiefs、belief→beliefs 单复数同形 Chinese、Japanese、people、sheep、deer、fish 注意：两个名词组成的合成词一般只变后一个名词，如 apple trees、factory workers；但是和man、woman组成的合成词两个词都要变复数，如women teachers、men doctors 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词，末尾加­-er，-­est tall taller tallest great greater greatest 以不发音字母-­e结尾的单音节词和少数以-­le结尾的双音节词只加-­r，-­st nice nicer nicest simple simpler simplest 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加­-er，­-est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再加­-er，-­est easy easier easiest busy busier busiest 少数以­-er，-­ow结尾的双音节词，末尾加­-er，­-est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级 important more important most important easily more easily most easily 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题四　语法填空 谢谢观看！ 角度一　提示词为动词 当提示词为动词原形时，要先考虑作谓语、非谓语还是词形变化。如果作谓语，则要判定谓语动词的时态、语态和人称单复数变化。如果句中已有谓语，且设空处不作并列谓语，应考虑填非谓语动词。根据其在句中的成分，判断其逻辑主语，确定两者的逻辑关系(是主谓关系还是动宾关系)，并根据其时间和句法功能做出进一步选择，即“先语态，后时态，再功能”。如果设空处既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑进行词形转换。 考向(一)　考查谓语动词 如果确定空处填谓语动词，一定要考虑全面，时态、语态、主谓一致三者缺一不可，切记不可粗心大意，顾此失彼。 (2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷·片段)Further，the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60. (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road，by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61.the first time. 解题分析 第一步：确定是否作谓语。 分析句子成分可知，该句缺少谓语动词，故此处应该填谓语动词的适当形式。 第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。 根据上文及语境可知，本句时态为一般现在时；空处与主语the Silk Route Garden之间为主动关系；主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 考点1　动词的时态——4招解决谓语动词的时态题 [题组体验1]——真题演练 1．(2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ____(be) also Shakespeare's concerns. 2．(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，_____(mean) there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. were means 3．(2022·全国乙卷)To celebrate the festival，a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _________(address) the opening ceremony. 4．(2022·新高考 Ⅱ 卷)Henry __________(fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. addressed was fixing 5．(经典高考题)When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist，they smiled and _______(point) down the river. 6．(经典高考题)By about 6000 BCE，people ______________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. pointed had discovered [题组体验2]——模拟冲关 1．California is burning.In recent weeks，hundreds of fires ______________(destroy) structures，torched thousands of acres and blackened the sky with smoke. 2．Before I went to middle school，I ___________(dream) of becoming a teacher. have destroyed had dreamed 3．So far，in this latest study the scientists of the team __________(find) that not only do such high­fat，high­sugar diets impair memory in humans，but they appear to directly affect our ability to control our appetite. 4．This was the first time I _______________(experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again. 5．I ___________(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. have found had experienced was driving 名师支招 1．语境提示法 从近几年高考来看，时态主要是通过语境暗示解题。分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语时，在没有标志性的时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，正确理解语境，尤其是上下文的时态对照，是解决时态问题的一个行之有效的方法。 2．时间标志法 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语。 (1)现在完成时：since、recently、lately、already、yet、in the last/past few years、so far/up to now、for＋时间段、ever since等。 (2)一般现在时：often、usually、always、every time、sometimes等。 (3)一般过去时：yesterday、last year、in＋过去的时间点、two days ago、一段时间＋later等。 (4)一般将来时：tomorrow、next year、in a week、in the future、soon等。 (5)现在进行时：at this moment、at present、now、currently等。 (6)过去完成时：by＋过去时间点，如by then、by the end of last year等。 3．并列关系法 (1)可根据并列连词and、but、or、rather than、neither ...nor ...、not only ...but also ...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 (2)同一个主语后的两个或两个以上的并列谓语的时态要一致。 4．固定句式法 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如： (1)sb.was/were doing sth.when ...某人正在做某事，突然…… (2)had (just) done sth.when＋一般过去时　过去刚刚完成某事，突然…… (3)This/It/That was the first/second ...time that sb.had done ...这是某人第一/二……次做…… (4)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时 (5)it's (high) time that sb.did/should do sth.到了某人做某事的时候了 (6)it is/has been＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时　自从……以来有多长时间了 温馨提示 1．牢记过去式和过去分词须双写尾字母再加­ed的动词： admit、 permit、 commit、 stop、 equip、 drop、 slip、 ban、 plan、 hug、 chat、 spot、 regret、 rob等。 2．牢记不规则动词的过去式和过去分词：seek→sought→sought；think→thought→thought；choose→chose→chosen；fall→fell→fallen等。 3．形容词或名词＋­en转化而来的动词：broaden、harden、soften、darken、deepen、lengthen、ripen、shorten、strengthen、widen、frighten、brighten、sharpen、weaken等。 我的感悟：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 考点2　动词的语态——找主语看谓语，逻辑关系定语态 [题组体验] 1．(2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)Two years later，a six­meter­tall pavilion，inspired by The Peony Pavilion，_________(build) at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still ___________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths. was built be employed 3．(经典高考题)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.It _________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复). 4．“The blind man who did not want to see Titanic” pocketed the Best Feature film while “The Family” won the Best Director.Eight more prizes ____________(award). was built were awarded 5．(2024·浙江嘉兴二模)How you think and feel can _________(shape) by getting a friend's perspective，both in the moment and over time. 6．(2024·浙江台州二模)“When I was little，dolls ___________(call) yangwawa，meaning Western dolls，” Tang continued. be shaped were called 名师支招 动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下几点： 1．提示词与主语的关系 分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主谓关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是动宾关系，则考虑用被动语态。 2．被动语态的基本结构(be done) (1)一般现在时：am/is/are＋done (2)一般过去时：was/were＋done (3)一般将来时：will be＋done (4)现在进行时：am/is/are＋being＋done (5)过去进行时：was/were＋being＋done (6)现在完成时：have/has＋been＋done (7)过去完成时：had＋been＋done 3．情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done 4．主动形式表示被动含义 当sell、 read、 draw、 wash、 write、 open、 wear、 run、 burn等动词后有状语(well、 easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动含义。 考点3　主谓一致——3原则助力确定主谓一致 have promised [题组体验1]——真题演练 1．(2022·新高考 Ⅰ 卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ____(be) previously unprotected ... 2．(2022·北京卷)The use of those plastics _____________(increase) by 300% since 2019.The world won't survive if this situation continues. 3．(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example，roughly 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—_____________(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. were has increased 4．(经典高考题)I kept going.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic，I'd send an email.One of the biggest companies I wrote to ___(be) Alaska Airlines. 5．(经典高考题)This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers _______(carry) special significance.They represent the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. was carries [题组体验2]——模拟冲关 1．(2024·浙江绍兴二模)Since its first publication in 1596，the book ____________(receive) world­wide recognition. 2．Two food bloggers，with over 3 million followers in their account on a popular platform，___(be) among the influencers praising the deliciousness of Tianshui Malatang. has received are 3．(2024·浙江宁波二模)Fortunately，steps _______________(take) to save this magnificent creature in recent years. 4．A yellow cow，together with three black haired pigs and three goats，___________(award) to the winners of the “Cunchao” tournament. 5．Most recently，the ice city ________________________(lead) to fierce competition among tourism authorities in several cities. have been taken was awarded has led/has been leading 名师支招 1．语法一致原则 (1)可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数；可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数。 (2)分析句子结构，若提示词作谓语，看到主语后跟有with、together with、along with、as well as、in addition to、like、but、except、rather than、including等引导的短语时，谓语动词的数应与前面的主语的数保持一致。 (3)在定语从句中，关系代词that、who、which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致。 2．就近一致原则 (1)分析句子结构，若提示词作谓语，看到主语由or、either ...or ...、neither ...nor ...、not only ...but also ...、not ...but ...等连接时，要考虑用就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数，也就是由最靠近谓语的主语的数确定。注意：若是疑问句，靠近谓语的主语在前面，如：Is he or we leaving for Qingdao? (2)分析句子结构，若提示词作谓语，看到there、here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与最邻近的主语的数保持一致。 3．意义一致原则 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 (2)动名词、动词不定式、名词性从句作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数。 考向(二)　考查非谓语动词 非谓语动词看似是比较难掌握的语法，但是只要学会了非谓语动词的三种本质用法，很多问题便会迎刃而解。 (2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷·片段)44.______(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion，Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 45. and see how Tang's play was being performed.” 解题分析 第一步：确定是否作非谓语。 分析句子成分可知，句子的主干部分是“Edmondson said，‘It was very exciting to hear ...’”，故空处应为非谓语。 第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式。 此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式作状语；位于句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 技法1　逻辑关系法——八字箴言快速判定v.­ing与v.­ed v.­ing形式表示“主动、进行”，v.­ed 形式表示“被动、完成”。 [题组体验1]——真题演练 1．(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)Shanghai may be the __________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message ________(intend) for everyone. recognized intended 3．(2022·新高考 Ⅱ 卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth­floor apartment balcony(阳台)，Henry ran one hundred metres，jumped over a 1.2­metre fence，and held out his arms to catch the _______(fall) child. 4．(2022·北京卷)Why do humans prefer some smells over others？One theory，increasingly _________(support) by experts，suggests that smell preferences are learned. falling supported [题组体验2]——模拟冲关 1．(2024·江苏泰州模拟预测)We've offered green energy equipment and services to over 100 countries and regions，__________(project)a responsible image of China. 2．(2024·江苏连云港二模)Crafting the Chinese knot is a three­step process _________(involve) tying knots，tightening them and adding the finishing touches. projecting involving 3．(2024·浙江宁波二模)One of the most endangered animals in the world is the Siberian tiger，______(know) as the Northeast Tiger in China. 4．(2024·江苏连云港二模)Skilled knot artists weave complex knots that you might see ____(sell) as souvenirs that you can take back with you. 5．(2024·江苏泰州一模)Nowadays，the Chinese painting，as an important part of global culture，has become increasingly attractive across the world，________(enjoy) great popularity at home and abroad. known sold enjoying 名师支招 第一步　找出分词的逻辑主语 逻辑主语就是与分词具有主动、被动关系的名词或代词。它既可能是句子主语，也可能是句子宾语，或者是句中其他成分；它既可能是动作的执行者，也有可能是动作的承受者。 1．作定语时 分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词(即中心词)。 This is an interesting book.(book是 interesting的逻辑主语) The moved children looked serious.(children是 moved的逻辑主语) The boy standing there is my little brother.(boy是standing的逻辑主语，它们之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词) The dog killed by a car is mine.(dog是killed的逻辑主语，它们之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词) 2．作状语时 分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。 Not knowing what to do，he asked his father for help.(逻辑主语he与know是主谓关系) The teacher came into the classroom，followed by some students.(逻辑主语The teacher与follow是动宾关系) 3．作表语时 分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。 The film is moving.(The film是 moving的逻辑主语) The visitors looked surprised.(The visitors是surprised的逻辑主语) 4．作宾语补足语时 分词作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。 I saw him reading last night.(him 是reading的逻辑主语) His wife found his hair dyed black.(his hair是 dyed的逻辑主语) 第二步　判断逻辑关系 1．在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。 I heard someone calling my name.(主动＋进行) I heard my name called.(被动＋完成) 2．在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。 falling leaves 正在下落的树叶(主动＋进行) fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动) 技法2　关键标志词法——依据标志词语，判断非谓语动词形式 [题组体验1]——真题演练 1．(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)To eat one，you have to decide whether _______(bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出)，or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头). to bite 2．(经典高考题)After ________(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! spending 3．(经典高考题)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim _______(have) a low impact on the natural environment. 4．(经典高考题)This included digging up the road，______(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. to have laying [题组体验2]——模拟冲关 1．(2024·山东枣庄二模)I want their stories _________________(interpret) in a poetic，sensory manner in a play of fixed images and images in movement，urban noise，natural sounds，voices and the combination of words and silence. 2．We paced around to avoid _______(get) frostbite(冻伤) as the temperature stayed close to －30 ℃ and our drill batteries became too cold to work. to be interpreted getting 3．The guide dog being denied ________(board) is just the tip of the iceberg，compared to the various difficulties faced by the country's visually impaired population every day when they leave their home. 4．I won't call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to _______(hold) chopsticks. boarding holding 5．Incredibly，around 1，500 workers spent just nine hours __________(complete) the construction of a new train station in Fujian Province，southern China. completing 名师支招 规则一：介词后的宾语要用v.­ing形式，特别注意介词to后的宾语也要用v.­ing形式。 1．介词后跟v.­ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。 2．关注含介词to的固定短语 ·object to doing ...反对做…… ·be opposed to doing ...反对做…… ·adapt/adjust to doing ...适应…… ·lead to doing ...导致…… ·be devoted to doing ...致力于…… ·look forward to doing ...期待，盼望…… 规则二：以下动词(短语)后用v.­ing形式作宾语 ·喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy、consider、escape、avoid) ·不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help、give up、risk) ·感激承认很值得(appreciate、admit、be worth) ·介意想象莫推延(mind、imagine、delay、put off) ·允许完成是期望(allow、permit、finish、look forward to) ·建议继续勤操练(suggest、go on、practise) ·致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to、excuse、insist on) ·继续成功不错过(keep on、succeed in、miss) 规则三：只能跟不定式作宾语的动词 ·三个希望两答应(hope/wish/expect、agree/promise) ·两个要求莫拒绝(demand/ask、refuse) ·设法学会做决定(manage、learn、decide/determine) ·不要假装在选择(pretend、choose) ·计划提供再打算(plan、offer、intend) ·申请失败负担起(apply、fail、afford) ·准备愿望又碰巧(prepare、desire、happen) 此外，还有aim、wait、threaten等。 规则四：后跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词 常用的动词有tell、order、allow、permit、enable、persuade、force、warn、encourage、inspire、expect等。 技法3　固定搭配法——利用固定搭配，判断非谓语动词形式 [题组体验] 1．(2024·山东模拟预测)It has no mouth­watering hotpot soup base，just plain water with some scallion(葱) and ginger(姜) slices _____(add). 2．As humans，we tend to be easily influenced when it comes to liking or disliking something，and we're happy to have our existing opinions _________(confirm). added confirmed 3．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _____(take). 4．With the new snow season _________(begin) in China，enthusiastic skiers and snowboarders have been eager to get back on the ski slopes(滑雪坡). 5．The world's first express train with a studio _______(power) by 5G technology has been launched. taken beginning powered 名师支招 1．have的固定用法 (1)have sb./sth.doing让某人/某物一直做 (2)have sth.done让某事被做 (3)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事 (4)have sth.to do 有某事要做 注意：在“have sth.to do(有某事要做)”结构中，不定式作定语。 2．with复合结构 (1)“with＋宾语＋to do”表示动作还未发生，其中to do不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 (2)“with＋宾语＋doing”表示主动、动作正在进行。 (3)“with＋宾语＋done”表示被动、动作已完成。 to perform 技法4　牢记固定用法——突破动词不定式 [题组体验] 1. It is also important _______(tell) convincing local cultural stories. 2．(经典高考题)Vinnie confirmed her ability _______(make) a full­length statue by highlighting the heavy labor she had done before. 3．(经典高考题)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s，and are expensive __________(perform) consistently over a large area. to tell to make 4．(经典高考题)Another reason for coin's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __________(improve) water quality. 5．Freud was one of the first scientists _____(do) serious research into the mind. 6．He got up early and hurried to the train station，only _______(find) the early train had gone. to improve to do to find 名师支招 语法填空题考查不定式主要集中在不定式作定语和状语两个方面。 1．不定式作定语 (1)由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。 (2)由the only、the last、the next等修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。 (3)被修饰的名词(代词)是ability、attempt、chance、desire、eagerness、potential、reason、right、something、anything、time、way、wish等词时，后常用不定式作定语。 2．不定式作状语 (1)不定式可以用作目的状语。 (2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 (3)形容词或动词­ed形式作表语时，后接不定式作状语。常见词有happy、lucky、anxious、proud、disappointed、surprised、delighted、foolish、pleased、fortunate等。 (4)牢记“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”句式，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 技法5　专项攻克法——根据逻辑与时间关系，突破非谓语动词的时态和语态 [题组体验] 1．(2024·江苏扬州阶段练习)The quality of Longquan porcelain was previously thought ________________(decline) in the late 15th century. 2．(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them ____________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. to have declined to be lifted to be improved 3．(2023·全国乙卷)______________(visit) several times over the last 10 years，I was amazed by the co­existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing. 4．The old man，_____________(work) abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland. 5．Little Jim should love ___________(take) to the theatre this evening. 6．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need ______________(improve). having worked Having spent Having worked 7．Charles Babbage is generally considered ________________(invent) the first computer. 8．___________________(ignore) for a long time，the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out. 9．____________(spend) nearly all our money，we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. 10．_____________(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. to have invented Having been ignored 名师支招 语法填空中主要考查非谓语动词的一般式，但2023年新课标 Ⅰ 卷和全国乙卷分别考查了不定式一般式的被动语态和现在分词的完成时。 1．不定式形式的时态和语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing — 完成式 to have done to have been done (1)to be doing表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。 He is thought to be hiding in the woods. (2)to have done表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作。 I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. (3)to have been done表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，且与逻辑主语是被动关系。 He is said to have been punished by his father yesterday. 2．v.­ing形式的时态和语态 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done (1)当v.­ing形式逻辑上的主语是其动作的承受者时，这个v.­ing形式要用被动形式。 He entered the room without being seen. (2)当v.­ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时，这个v.­ing形式要用完成式。 Tom regretted not having been invited to the party. 考向(三)　考查动词的词形转换 若所提供的动词既不作谓语动词，也不作非谓语动词，就要考虑是考查动词的词形转换，可根据该词在句子中的功能，转换为名词或形容词等。 [题组体验] 1．(2024·浙江温州二模)Concerning these phenomena，platforms must develop richer ways for quality players who need more ________(expose) to display themselves and earn what they deserve. 2．Following the barbecue­induced travel craze to the city of Zibo in east China，Chinese social media has once again highlighted the next internet­famous city worthy of ___________(explore). exposure exploration astonished 3．(2023·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)Since June 2017，right before the _______(arrive) of the two new pandas，Meng Meng and Jiao Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 4．(2022·全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental __________(protect). 5．(经典高考题)But that's how nature is—always leaving us __________(astonish). arrival protection 名师支招 1．动词加后缀­ion、­tion、­ation、­ment、­ance、­y、­age、­al、­th、­ness等变成名词。 expect期待→expectation 期待；期望 achieve达到；完成→achievement 成就 argue争论→argument 争论；论据 perform表演→performance 表演 arrive到达→arrival 到达 2．动词加后缀­ed、­ing、­able、­ful等转化为形容词。 amaze使惊讶→amazing/amazed大为惊奇的 accept接受→acceptable可接受的；认可的 care关注；担忧→careful谨慎的 person's 角度二　提示词为名词 [题组体验] 1．(2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)These plants included modern Western __________(favourite) such as rosemary，lavender and fennel. 2．(2023·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)They also need to be ready to give __________(interview) in English with international journalists. 3．(经典高考题)It is calculated by dividing a ________(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared，and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. favourites interviews 4．(2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)Although they could never have met，there are common ______(theme) in their works，said Paul Edmondson，head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 5．(2024·浙江杭州二模)Similarly，for beginner runners，it's more important to learn to listen to your body's signals—tiredness，_____(ache)，bursts of energy. themes aches 6．(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more __________(meaning). 7．(经典高考题)Provide _________(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 8．(经典高考题)She has turned down several ___________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. meaningful financial invitations 9．A number of Olympic high ____________(technology) have been applied for the first time in Beijing to ensure its goal of carbon neutrality. 10．“Making coins was one of the greatest financial __________(activity) in human history，” said researchers，adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily. 11．These Yungang ____________(researcher) attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural heritage. technologies activities researchers' 12．To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to __________(strength) your leg muscles，avoid hills and get good running shoes. 13．(2024·浙江杭州二模)Depending on what those goals are，there might be ways to achieve them that are more cost _________(effect)，more fun，more convenient. strengthen effective 名师支招 提示词为名词，通常考查名词单复数、名词所有格和名词的词形转换三个方面。 1．名词变复数 (1)有数词或者被these、those、several、many、all、both、various、a number of 等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。 (2)前有one of修饰时，名词用复数形式。 (3)若谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的名词用复数形式。 名词变复数的规则 2.名词所有格 提示词与后面的名词为所属关系，应考虑名词所有格。一般情况下，单数名词或不以s 结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“'s”；以s 结尾的单数或者复数名词，在词尾加“'”。 3．名词的词性转换 (1)名词变形容词：提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有比较级修饰时，则一般考查名词变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀­able、­al、­ful、­en、­y、­less、­ly、­ous等构成形容词，如knowledgeable、national、useful、wooden、healthy、careless、monthly、dangerous等。 (2)名词变动词：提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。一般在名词词尾加后缀­en、­ize或前缀en­等构成动词，如strengthen、apologize、encourage、endanger等。 角度三　提示词为形容词/副词 [题组体验] 1．(2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international __________ (visible)，said Edmondson. 2．For that，the tourist spots and cities need to _______(far) develop tourist attractions and supporting facilities. visibility further 3．(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years，Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa's _______(high) mountain. 4．(2022·浙江1月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example，_______(rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. highest roughly 5．(经典高考题)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the ______(hot) the spring! 6．(经典高考题)Filled with _________(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left. 7．After the founding of the People's Republic of China，the central government invested __________(enormous) in Beijing glassware. hotter curiosity enormously 8．The documentary compared Du Fu to Shakespeare to help audiences ______(well) understand the poet's great achievements in literature. 9．Compared with other provinces，they are also ______(large) in number，and have bigger impact. 10．(2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)In cold weather，the structure stays ______(close) to protect the plants. better larger closed 11．(2023·浙江1月卷)The term “hutong”，__________(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 12．(2023·浙江1月卷)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and _______(simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower. 13．(2022·新高考 Ⅱ 卷)When he looked down，he ____________(accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. originally simpler accidentally 名师支招 1．形容词变副词、名词 (1)若空格处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，应考虑填副词形式； (2)若空格处在动词前作主语或在介词或形容词后作宾语，应考虑填名词形式。 ◎形容词变副词的规则 变化规则 典型例词 一般形容词变副词直接在其后加­ly quick→quickly、anxious→anxiously 以“辅音字母＋e”结尾的形容词直接加­ly；以“元音字母＋e”结尾的形容词去掉e再加­ly immediate→immediately、polite→politely、true→truly 以“辅音字母＋le”结尾的形容词要去掉e再加­y possible→possibly、probable→probably 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的形容词要变y为i再加­ly happy→happily、healthy→healthily 以­ic 结尾的形容词要在其后加­ally economic→economically、basic→basically 以­ll 结尾的形容词要在其后加­y full→fully、dull→dully 变化规则 典型例词 以“辅音字母＋le”结尾的形容词要去掉e再加­y possible→possibly、probable→probably 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的形容词要变y为i再加­ly happy→happily、healthy→healthily 变化规则 典型例词 以­ic 结尾的形容词要在其后加­ally economic→economically、basic→basically 以­ll 结尾的形容词要在其后加­y full→fully、dull→dully 注意：以下是形容词变为副词的特殊情况：whole→wholly、public→publicly、shy→shyly。 2．形容词、副词变比较级 (1)句中有much、far、still、even、rather、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal、than等标志性词时应考虑用比较级。 (2)句型“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……，就越……”。 (3)句型“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。 (4)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。 (5)句中如果没有标志词，但暗含比较级的意思，也需要用比较级。 3．形容词、副词变最高级 (1)设空后有表示范围的标志词in、of、among等时，用最高级。 (2)设空前有one of the，“the＋序数词”等修饰词时，用最高级。 (3)句中如果没有标志词，但暗含最高级的意思，也需要用最高级。 ◎形容词、副词变比较级或最高级的规则 角度四　提示词为代词 [题组体验] 1．(2024·浙江宁波二模)Of course，they would need to learn how to hunt and take care of __________(they)，and this is easier said than done. 2．(2024·江苏一模)In May，2023，the National Museum of China(NMC) launched ___(it) first original stage play，Joyful Songs in a Flourishing Age，as part of a project seeking to make cultural heritage active again. themselves its 3．(2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony，opening ___(it) first exhibition：The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea. 4．(2022·北京卷)Since people can't always eat out or cook for __________(they)，they get takeout or order delivery. its themselves 5．(经典高考题)As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in ____(I). 6．She did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to please ___(he). mine him 7．Although several hundred people have claimed __________(they) as eyewitnesses of some giant apelike creatures in Shennongjia，there is no tangible evidence to confirm the existence of a “wild man”． 名师支招 1．人称代词 (1)提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语时，应考虑人称代词主格(I、we、you、he、she、it、they等)形式。 (2)提示词为代词，当句子缺少宾语或表语时，应考虑人称代词宾格(me、us、you、him、her、it、them等)形式。 2．物主代词 (1)提示词为代词，当句子缺少定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(my、our、your、his、her、its、their等)形式。 (2)提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语或宾语，且表示拥有者时，应考虑名词性物主代词(mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、theirs等)形式。 3．反身代词 提示词为代词，当该词作动词或介词的宾语或表语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词(myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、themselves等)形式。 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——介绍黄姚古镇 (2024·河北石家庄模拟)Despite its rapid industrialization，there are still some corners in China that have maintained its original color. Ancient towns and villages in China are places 1.__________ traditions are well preserved in terms of architecture，lifestyle and folk customs.All of these can be found in Huangyao Ancient Town，one of the most­visited tourist 2.__________(spot) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. 3．__________(cover) an area of 3.6 square kilometers，Huangyao has a history of nearly 1，000 years 4.__________ its origins dating back to the Song Dynasty(9601279).People 5.__________(carry) on traditional festivals and customs here for hundreds of years up to now.During Chinese Lunar New Year，over 20 traditional performances 6.__________(hold)，including the dragon dance and suona horn show.On July 14 in the Chinese lunar calendar，residents often come to the riverbank and put lanterns into the river 7.__________(celebrate) Zhongyuan Jie，or the Hungry Ghost Festival. Black soybean is often added to its local food to create an 8.__________(extreme) distinctive flavor.When you visit，Huangyao tofu is 9.__________ must­try local dish as it is sold only in this town. It usually takes a day or two to tour around the old town due to its small size，but you can always stay 10.__________(long) to experience more of its local hospitality and culture. [语篇解读]文章介绍了黄姚古镇。古镇有悠久的历史，传统习俗保存得很好，特色美食值得一尝，游客可以感受到当地人的热情，体会地方文化。 1．where/whose　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。空处缺少引导定语从句的关系词，修饰先行词places；places在从句中可以作地点状语，也可以作traditions的定语，因此用关系副词where或关系代词whose。故填where/whose。 2．spots 　[解析]考查名词的数。根据句中的one of可知，空处须用spot的复数形式，表示“游客最多的景点之一”。故填spots。 3．Covering　[解析]考查非谓语动词。空处须用非谓语动词的形式作状语，Huangyao和cover之间是主动关系，须用cover的现在分词形式；且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。故填Covering。 4．with　[解析]考查介词。根据句中的its origins dating back to the Song Dynasty可知，此处应用with sth.doing的复合结构，表示黄姚历史的起源。故填with。 5．have carried　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语for hundreds of years up to now可知，应用现在完成时；主语和谓语之间是主动关系，应用主动语态；主语People是复数，助动词也用复数形式。故填have carried。 6．are held　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，句子描述的是现在的规律性的事件，应用一般现在时；performances和hold之间是被动关系，用被动语态；且performances为复数，be动词用are。故填are held。 7．to celebrate　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句子有谓语come和put，空处须用非谓语动词的形式，celebrate表示目的，用不定式。故填to celebrate。 8．extremely 　[解析]考查副词。空处修饰形容词distinctive，应用extreme的副词形式extremely，表示“非常”。故填extremely。 9．a　[解析]考查冠词。空处是泛指，表示“一种必须尝试的当地美食”，用不定冠词；must­try以辅音音素开头，用a。故填a。 10．longer 　[解析]考查副词的比较等级。根据句中的It usually takes a day or two to tour和but可知，此处有语义的转折，虽然游览古镇需要的时间不多，但是可以待久一点，空处须用副词的比较级和more呼应，表示“更久”。故填longer。 $$