内容正文:
板块一 核心素养之阅读提能篇
专题一 阅读理解
第二讲 体裁突破•阅读过关
第三节 说明文——抓住结构,关注行文
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总复习 第2轮 英语
专题一 阅读理解
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总复习 第2轮 英语
专题一 阅读理解
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总复习 第2轮 英语
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总复习 第2轮 英语
专题一 阅读理解
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总复习 第2轮 英语
专题一 阅读理解
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总复习 第2轮 英语
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总复习 第2轮 英语
专题一 阅读理解
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总复习 第2轮 英语
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总复习 第2轮 英语
专题一 阅读理解
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总复习 第2轮 英语
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特点 内容解读
选材 实验报告、产品介绍、场馆介绍、社会现象分析,以及语言文化、人文地理、生物的生存状况等
内容 用平实的语言客观解释事物、阐释现象、提供信息,即说明一个事物或说明一项研究
形式 1.总分式:总—分,总—分—总;2.递进式;3.并列式;4.对照式
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总复习 第2轮 英语
专题一 阅读理解
特点 内容解读
语言 说明文,尤其是科技说明文,因其生僻词汇多、句式复杂等特点,相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大
命题 主要集中在细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义(句)猜测题。出题人经常在长难句上做文章
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总复习 第2轮 英语
专题一 阅读理解
策略指导 技法解读
抓住首尾段落 首段往往提出说明文的主题,尤其是研究类说明文,研究结果就是主题;尾段往往重申主题
梳理文章结构 1.整体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述
2.现象+原因+后果/启示/措施
3.研究发现/调查结果+研究/调查过程
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总复习 第2轮 英语
专题一 阅读理解
策略指导 技法解读
破解长难句式 平日多积累阅读词汇,结合语境和所学语法知识破解结构复杂的长难句
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总复习 第2轮 英语
专题一 阅读理解
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总复习 第2轮 英语
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总复习 第2轮 英语
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总复习 第2轮 英语
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总复习 第2轮 英语
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谢谢观看!
高考说明文阅读多为科普类和社科类说明文,涉及的内容十分广泛,常见的有生命健康类、自然现象类、动植物科普类、科技介绍类、环境保护类、社会问题类等。说明文阅读往往题材新颖、素材真实,内容与学生的生活息息相关,时代气息浓厚。
(2023·新课标 Ⅰ 卷·阅读C)The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works,and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so,I divided the book into two parts.In part one,I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days,you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one,I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so,I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In these chapters,I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating highquality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use.Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices,which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
28.What is the book aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Solving philosophical problems.
D.Promoting the use of a digital device.
29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Clearup. B.Addon.
C.Checkin. D.Takeover.
30.What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A.Theoretical models. B.Statistical methods.
C.Practical examples. D.Historical analyses.
31.What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A.Use them as needed. B.Recommend them to friends.
C.Evaluate their effects. D.Identify the ideas behind them.
[题目试做] 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A
[语篇解读]文章主要介绍了一本关于数字极简主义生活方式的书,包括其写作目的和内容。
28.B [解析]细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知,这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
29.A [解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.”可知,这个过程要求您在三十天内远离可选的在线活动,即对数字进行清理和挑选。由此可推知,画线词declutter的意思是“清理”。故选A。
30.C [解析]推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“You'll hear these participants' stories ...you should avoid.”可知,第一部分的最后一章介绍了与数字清理有关的实际例子。故选C。
31.A [解析]推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“You can view these practices ...for your particular circumstances.”可知,作者建议读者根据需要和自身情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
文体解读
名师支招
运用三大技巧,破解说明文
我的感悟:
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——灵长类动物的基因组对于研究DNA的差异非常重要
(2024·湖南岳阳三模)Rich variety exists in primates(灵长类动物).Monkeys roll on snowy Japanese mountains,gorillas chew fruit on Sumatra,lemurs jump between trees in Madagascar,and the naked apes—humans—walk proudly on two legs worldwide.Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity,thanks to a databank of genomes(基因组) from 233 species.
To understand the good and bad of human evolution—both our extraordinary adaptations and diseasecausing changes—scientists must compare the genomes of Homo sapiens(智人) to our closest evolutionary relatives,the primates.But researchers investigating diverse topics,from contemporary genetic diseases to human origins,have long faced a roadblock when pursuing this approach:While genomic data exists from millions of people,most of the 500plus primate species never had their genomes
read.So,in 2019,Tomàs MarquèsBonet at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology,in Barcelona,Spain,and other biologists teamed up with disease researchers,determined to obtain as many primate genomes as possible.
Navigating wilderness and local permitting laws,the international researchers obtained hundreds of blood samples from wild and caged animals in South America,Africa,and Asia.Arranging DNA from these samples and adding data from previous studies,the team built a bank of 809 genomes from individual baboons,gorillas,gibbons,and more,representing nearly half the known primate species.
The data revealed insights about human origins and health,as well as primate conservation,published by more than 100 scientists across 10 papers in Science and Science Advances in June 2023.One study trained artificial intelligence to search human genomes for DNA differences likely to cause disease,based on whether nonhuman primates can live with those variants.According to MarquèsBonet,We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species and a good idea of the kind of variations that are tolerated in any primate—including humans.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A.Primates vary mainly in habitats.
B.Scientists focus on the diversity of primates.
C.There are 233 species of primates in the world.
D.Primate genomes are important for studying the DNA differences.
2.Why did the scientists build the databank of genomes?
A.To cure human's various genetic diseases.
B.To help human adapt to the environment.
C.To investigate the process of human evolution.
D.To understand the strength and drawback of human evolution.
3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.The reasons for building the databank.
B.The process of building the databank.
C.The impact of building the databank.
D.The difficulties in building the databank.
4.What does MarquèsBonet think of the databank?
A.It still needs to be improved.
B.It is of great value to future research.
C.It is of little help to future research.
D.It is unclear whether it's of help to future research.
核心单词:gorilla n.大猩猩(产于非洲);高大凶恶的人 chew v.咀嚼;嚼碎 extraordinary adj.异乎寻常的,令人惊奇的 genetic adj.遗传的;基因的;遗传学的
核心词块:team up with与……组队;与……协作
live with与……一起生活;与……同处
词缀变形:contemporary adj.当代的;现代的;同一时代的;属同时期的 n.同代人;同龄人;同辈人
[语篇解读]文章介绍了科学家们通过灵长类动物基因组数据库来研究DNA的差异。
1.D [解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientists can now study the DNA differences beyond that diversity,thanks to a databank of genomes from 233 species.”可知,灵长类动物的基因组对于研究DNA的差异非常重要。故选D。
2.D [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段首句“To understand the good and bad of human evolution—both our extraordinary adaptations and diseasecausing changes—scientists must compare the genomes of Homo sapiens to our closest evolutionary relatives,the primates.”可知,科学家们建立基因组数据库的目的是了解人类进化的优点与不足之处。故选D。
3.B [解析]主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,本段介绍的是建立数据库的过程。故选B。
4.B [解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段中的We now have a really good list of the foundations of our species可推断出该数据库对今后的研究具有重要的价值。故选B。
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