专题1 第1讲 第4节 概括针对抓关键，稳取主旨大意题（课件PPT）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮

板块一 核心素养之阅读提能篇 专题一　阅读理解 第一讲　题型突破•提升技能 第四节　概括针对抓关键，稳取主旨大意题 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 强化练(六) 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 强化练(七) 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 谢谢观看！ 主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目之一，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。所以，遇到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要通读文章后再做判断，建议考生把此类题放到最后来做。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题概括题、文章大意题和段落大意题。 考点一　标题概括题——运用3方法，仔细推敲定标题 题型解读 ► 标题概括题要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。 无论是标题概括题、文章大意题还是段落大意题，找准文章或段落主题句是关键。查找主题句的三个小窍门如下： (2024·浙江1月卷·阅读D)The Stanford marshmallow(棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat，selected by the child，was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat，they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow­up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We're not tempted(诱惑) by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie­poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information­poor，so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded(轰炸) with new information.Therefore，just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption，we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption，resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 35．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Eat Less，Read More B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C．The Later，the Better D．The Marshmallow Test for Grown­ups 解题分析 本题可以通过主旨句法归纳标题。根据第一段和第二段内容，尤其是第二段中的主旨句“We're not tempted by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.”可知，文章主要讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。 名师支招 概括标题3方法 温馨提示 主旨句法——从4个方面去查找 1．文首。常见的写作方式是演绎法，即先提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑。如新闻报道和大部分说明文就常用此写作方式。 2．文中。通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又进一步解释、支撑和发展。 3．文尾。常见的写作方式是归纳法，即在表述细节后，归纳要点、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。 4．首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者会先点明主题，结尾时再次强调，但前后表述的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往会进一步引申和发展。 我的感悟：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 考点二　文章大意题——运用4方法，迅速定大意 题型解读 ► 文章大意题要求考生能在理解全文的基础上较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维，对文章进行高度概括或总结。 (2024·新课标 Ⅱ 卷·阅读C片段)BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored.Also，there is a convenient app ... Moreover，having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work ... 31．What does the text mainly talk about? A.BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management. C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards. 解题分析 1．本题可以利用主旨句法解题。 2．所列段落前三段介绍了BMF(巴比伦微型农场系统)的创新设计及其优势，最后一段介绍了BMF员工在生活和工作中践行可持续发展。综上所述，文章从各个方面凸显了BMF的优势。 名师支招 确定文章大意4方法 温馨提示 排除3种错误选项 考点三　段落大意题——首尾兼顾定段意 题型解读 ► 段落大意题要求考生用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。 (2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷·阅读B片段)Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared to put him to sleep，but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse，Nappy，“moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 26．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians' work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 解题分析 本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后行动更容易，骑起来更舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。 名师支招 首尾兼顾寻主旨 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——《牛津英语词典》的问世及背后的人对它的重大贡献 (2024·重庆模拟)In July 1915，severely tortured by his poor health，James Murray，one of the early editors of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED)，defined one final word.After his 36 years' dedication to the dictionary，his hard labour had taken a toll．Knowing he would not see the project complete，he wrote his last entry：for “twilight”． The poetic quality of Murray's final days is one of the many memorable tales in The Dictionary People.Beginning in 1857，the OED was a huge crowdsourcing project—“the Wikipedia of the 19th century”—comprising 3，000 people.The idea was to create a “descriptive” dictionary that tracked words' use and meaning over time，unlike its “prescriptive” 18th­century predecessor by Samuel Johnson，which told readers how to say and use words.Volunteers read widely，mailing in examples of how “rare，old­fashioned，new，strange” words were used.What is surprising about this fairly random method is that it worked. The origin story of Sarah Ogilvie's book is almost as improbable as that of the dictionary itself.Ms Ogilvie，a former scholar who served as an editor for the OED，went into the documents of Oxford University Press and came across an old notebook.It had belonged to Murray and contained the names and details of the dictionary volunteers，most of whom had previously been unknown.The Dictionary People is her work of detective scholarship，bringing the lives behind the names to readers. Ms Ogilvie's book is full of intriguing stories.The presentation of the book is unconventional，too，taking its structure from the work it describes.There are 26 alphabetical chapters，each celebrating a group of contributors (memorably，“K” is for “kleptomaniac” people who desire to steal).This is a clever arrangement，though it sometimes means that broader issues emerge only in pieces. Essentially，this is a story about ordinary people.It is concrete proof of those who，to cite dictionary­helper George Eliot，“lived faithfully a hidden life，and rest in unvisited tombs”． 1．What does the underlined expression “taken a toll” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Paid off.　　　　　　　 B．Proved in vain. C．Worn out the passion. D．Had a harmful effect. 2．What can we learn about the Oxford English Dictionary? A．It serves as an example of dictionary editing. B．It provides precise directions for word usage. C．It is a cooperative work of many volunteers. D.It was edited with the help of Samuel Johnson. 3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The story behind Sarah Ogilvie's book. B．The detective methods of Sarah Ogilvie. C．Legends of the early OED editors. D．Murray's role in editing the OED. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A review of a book. B．A biography of an editor. C．An essay on dictionary editing. D．An introduction to a dictionary. 核心单词：dedication n．献身，奉献　alphabetical adj.按字母顺序的　biography n．传记 词缀变形：memorable adj.难忘的；值得纪念的　unconventional adj.不因循守旧的 [语篇解读]文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论，介绍了《牛津英语词典》的问世及背后的人对它的重大贡献。 1．D　[解析]词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句可知，他知道自己看不到词典完成的那天了，于是写下最后一个词条：“黄昏，薄暮”。由此可知，长年辛劳让他的身体付出了代价。因此画线词的意思是“产生了有害的影响”。D项符合题意。 2．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，《牛津英语词典》是许多志愿者的合作工作。故选C项。 3．A　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段讲的是Sarah Ogilvie的书背后的故事。因此A项符合题意。故选A项。 4．A　[解析]推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论，介绍了《牛津英语词典》的问世及背后的人对它的重大贡献。由此可知，这篇文章可能选自书评。故选A项。 $$