专题1 第1讲 第3节 字斟句酌找线索，巧取词句猜测题（课件PPT）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语二轮复习高中总复习·第2轮

板块一 核心素养之阅读提能篇 专题一　阅读理解 第一讲　题型突破•提升技能 第三节　字斟句酌找线索，巧取词句猜测题 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 强化练(四) 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 强化练(五) 返回导航 总复习 第2轮 英语 专题一　阅读理解 谢谢观看！ 词句猜测题考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本义或转义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以考查对替代词所替代的内容的判断。词句猜测题是高考英语阅读理解的必考题型。 考点一　词语猜测题——抓关键、析措辞、定答案 题型解读 ► 词语猜测题主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词或短语含义的能力，而这些词语往往都超出考纲范围，但对于理解文章起到一定的作用。此外，也会考查某一熟词在具体语境中的特殊含义。 技法(一)　利用逻辑关系猜测词义 阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义关系、同义关系和因果关系等。 (2023·新课标 Ⅱ 卷·阅读 C片段)Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book，represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.The image of the reader appears throughout history，in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.In artists' representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books”，artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures.We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations.Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to． 30．What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Understand.　　　　　 B．Paint. C．Seize. D．Transform. 解题分析 1．依据画线词所在句中的but可判断，画线词所在分句与上一分句形成转折关系。 2．根据画线词所在句中的These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago并结合前文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that ...between the generations”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故画线短语relate to意思为“理解”。 名师支招 利用三种逻辑关系，迅速判定答案 技法(二)　利用语法关系猜测词义 有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会给一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义或解释部分，考生便可猜测出该词语的意思。有时，需要猜测的词语后面会紧跟一个同位语(从句)或者定语(从句)，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明；有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。 (经典高考题·阅读片段)Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite：Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant don't worry about it.Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Toby came over，helping me up：Safe，man.Safe.A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting：“Safe！Safe！Safe！” And that's what mattered—landing tricks，being a good skater. 29．What do the underlined words “Safe！Safe！Safe！” probably mean? A．Be careful！　　　 B．Well done! C．No way! D．Don't worry！ 解题分析 本题利用语法关系猜测词义。根据画线词后文的解释说明“And that's what mattered—landing tricks，being a good skater.”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。故选B项。 名师支招 利用六种语法关系，迅速判定答案 技法(三)　利用构词法猜测词义 利用构词法无须借助上下文语境便能大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境验证，这样不仅事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以，可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。 (2022·全国乙卷·阅读C片段)Drones are already being used to examine high­tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected，the more railway safety，reliability and on­time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts. 29．What does “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones. C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure. 解题分析 1．先利用构词法猜测词义：动词maintain意为“维护，保持”，­ance是名词后缀，故本词也有“维护”之义。 2．再根据语境验证：根据后文“It is calculated that ...sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，花在maintenance上的费用是用于inspect and repair the rail infrastructure的。由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保障铁路人员的安全。故选C项。 名师支招 利用三种构词法，快速锁定答案 我的感悟：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 技法(四)　利用上下文猜测词义 有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志性线索，这时我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年高考考查的热点。 (2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷·阅读C片段)When reading texts of several hundred words or more，learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties.With paper，there is a literal laying on of hands，along with the visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. 28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 解题分析 本题可以利用上下文猜测词义。根据画线短语所在句的上文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more，learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.”可推知，画线部分意思是“能够清晰地被注意到、表达或展示出来”。 名师支招 遵循三步流程，迅速理解词义 我的感悟：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 考点二　句意猜测题——紧紧抓住上下句，仔细推敲定答案 题型解读 ► 句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的具有特殊含义的语句或具有高度概括性的语句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句。 (经典高考题·阅读片段)Money with no strings attached.It's not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month，a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.” 24．What does the expression “Money with no strings attached.” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Money spent without hesitation. B．Money not legally made. C．Money offered without conditions. D．Money not tied together. 解题分析 根据画线句下文的内容并结合木板上写的“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”可知，用别针固定在木板上的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件。 名师支招 遵循四步流程，迅速锁定答案 考点三　代词指代题——顺着代词往前找，“就近原则”不能抛 题型解读 ► 代词指代题主要考查文章中人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。 (经典高考题·阅读片段)In the mid­1990s，Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months，physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later，still attracted to the country，he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit，however，ended up involving a lot more than that．Hence this book，Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia，which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan，where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land，and of the people he meets on his way：Rustam，his translator，a lovely 24­year­old who picked up his colorful English in California，Oleg and Natasha，his hosts in Tashkent，and a string of foreign aid workers. 9．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Developing a serious mental disease. B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 解题分析 第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置 根据画线代词所在位置，首先找出与该代词相关的信息句：第一段最后一句“A few years later，still attracted to the country，he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.(几年后，他仍然被这个国家所吸引，回到乌兹别克斯坦后写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。)”以及第二段第一句“His visit，however，ended up involving a lot more than that．(然而，他的访问最终涉及的远不止于此。)”。 第二步：替换核实再比较 综合信息句进行推断，画线词that指的是“写一篇有关咸海消失的文章”这件事。 名师支招 遵循两步流程，迅速锁定答案 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——过度合理化效应 (2024·山东菏泽模拟)Do you have a favorite sport？Are you passionate about sewing or reading？Typically，you engage in these activities simply because you enjoy them.Would you be taken aback to know the overjustification effect that when you are rewarded for your beloved activities，your desire to participate in them diminishes? Edward Deci，a psychology professor，conducted a series of experiments，in one of which Deci divided the participants into two groups：one was paid to complete a puzzle，and the other was not paid to.After money was removed，the group that was previously paid to play showed less motivation to complete the task than the group that was never paid and only did the puzzle for enjoyment.The outcome demonstrated the overjustification effect，which occurs when an external stimulation decreases a person's internal motivation to perform a behavior or engage in an activity. According to the self­determination theory，three conditions are essential for people to feel internally motivated and perform at their best：autonomy，freedom from external restrictions；competence，the need to feel capable，and relatedness，the need to feel connected with others.In Deci's experiment，money acted as a tie，which reduced participants' autonomy，a crucial component of internal motivation，discouraging them from experiencing the freedom of external restrictions.The pressure to perform for the money lessened the pleasure and freedom felt by those who were doing the puzzle merely for fun. But if external stimulation is tied to performance，the overjustification effect is less influential.For example，being rewarded for studying is unlikely to decrease internal motivation because the grade depends upon actually doing well rather than just going through the motions. While the overjustification effect can reduce motivation，some strategies can lower its impact.One is to focus on providing feedback and recognition rather than concrete rewards.For instance，praising an individual's effort or acknowledging their accomplishments can maintain their internal motivation.Additionally，allowing individuals to have autonomy and control over their tasks also works.By giving them the freedom to choose how they complete tasks，individuals are more likely to be internally motivated and experience a greater sense of satisfaction and engagement. 1．What does the underlined word “diminishes” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Remains. B．Weakens. C．Ceases. D．Solidifies. 2．How did Deci prove the overjustification effect in the experiment? A．By interpreting a concept. B．By presenting an argument. C．By making a comparison. D．By describing a phenomenon. 3．What is mainly illustrated in Paragraph 3? A．The skills needed for a puzzle. B．The core elements of inner drives. C．The impact of autonomy on competence. D．The theoretical basis for the overjustification effect. 4．Which serves as an example of preventing the overjustification effect? A．Speaking highly of a pupil's hard work. B．Rewarding a kid with candy for playing the violin. C.Offering a clerk financial bonuses for daily routines. D．Promising an employee a decent position for doing his duty. 核心单词：passionate adj.热诚的；狂热的　participant n．参加者，参与者　stimulation n．刺激；激励 词缀变形：typically adv.典型地；有代表性地　overjustification n．过度合理化　internally adv.在体内；在内部　relatedness n．关联性；关系 难句分析： The pressure to perform for the money lessened the pleasure and freedom 后置定语 felt by those who were doing the puzzle merely for fun. 后置定语 定语从句 译文：为了奖金而解题的压力减损了那些仅仅为了乐趣而解题的人所感受到的快乐和自由。 [语篇解读]文章主要介绍了过度合理化效应。 1．B　[解析]词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，此处介绍过度合理化效应，指的是当你因为你热爱的活动而得到物质奖励时，你参与其中的欲望会减弱。diminish与weaken“减弱”为近义词。B项符合题意。 2．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Deci是通过把实验人员分成两组进行对比以证明过度合理化效应的，故选C。 3．D　[解析]主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍的是过度合理化效应的理论基础，故选D。 4．A　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，高度评价一个学生的勤奋学习是避免过度合理化效应的一个例子。A项符合题意。 $$