Unit 2 Sports Culture Grammar and usage 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

Unit 2 Grammar and Usage -Passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses The road was being repaired when l got there. The house was being cleaned. The flowers were being watered. He told me that the injured man had been sent to hospital. I found the medal had been prepared. return to normal reflect on sth raise money for charity training session feel well prepared a hearty breakfast test one’s limits like never before Useful Expressions on P20 回归正常 反思 为慈善筹款 训练课程 感觉已经充分准备 一顿可口的早餐 测试某人的极限 以前从没有过 My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I found a shady place to rest my tired body. My cheeks were red, and I could hear myself breathing heavily as I looked up at the blue sky. When my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what had just been achieved. Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part. Despite my lack of running experience, I agreed. In order not to hurt my knees or ankles, I started my training very gently by running just one kilometre on the first day. 当我找到一个阴凉的地方休息我疲惫的身体时，我的心在我的胸膛里狂跳。我的脸颊通红，抬头望着蓝天，我能听到自己沉重的呼吸。当我的呼吸恢复正常时，我回想起刚刚取得的成就。六周前，我的朋友告诉我，为了筹集慈善资金，正在为业余爱好者组织一场城市半程马拉松，并鼓励我参加。尽管我缺乏跑步经验，我还是同意了。为了不伤到膝盖和脚踝，我开始训练时非常温和，第一天只跑了一公里。 Over the next six weeks, I gradually increased the distance I ran in each training session and also made sure to allow my body enough time to rest and recover after each run. Soon I was running distances I had never thought possible. The day of the half-marathon finally arrived and I felt well prepared. I ate a hearty breakfast so I knew I could get through to the end. I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before. I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity. I felt really proud of myself, and my friends and I agreed to run in the next city marathon! 在接下来的六个星期里，我逐渐增加了每次训练的距离，也确保每次跑步后让我的身体有足够的时间休息和恢复。很快我就跑出了我从未想过的距离。半程马拉松比赛的日子终于到了，我觉得自己准备得很充分。我吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，所以我知道我能坚持到最后。我轻松而自信地跑完比赛，尽管我的极限受到了前所未有的考验。得知为慈善事业筹集了很多钱，我很高兴。我真的为自己感到骄傲，我和我的朋友们同意参加下一届城市马拉松! Go through the blog post and complete the table in part A. Passive voice in the past continuous tense Passive voice in the past perfect tense ..., I reflected on what had just been achieved. A Exploring the rules ①... a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized ...; ②even though my limits were being tested like never before. I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity. The passive voice in the past continuous tense is used to refer to an action _______________ (do) at a specific time in the __________ (present/past). The verb form is “______________________”. The passive voice in the past perfect tense is used to express an action completed _________ (before/after) a past time. The verb form is “___________________”. Working out the rules was/were being done had been done being done past before 过去进行时的被动语态 否定主语+was/were + not + being + done 一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+being+done 特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were +(主语 +)being +done 过去进行时 被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态 + = 主语+were/was +doing 主+be+done 主语+ was/were + being+done be+doing→being + = (1)过去进行时的被动语态表示过去的某一特定时间正在进行的被动动作。 他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。 那时这部电影正在上映。 He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon. This film was being shown then. 2. 进行时的被动语态可以由“was / were + under / on等介词+名词”结构代替。 那时这部电影正在上映。 昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，我的房间正在修缮。 This film was being shown then. =This film was on show. He didn’t stay in my room last night because it was being repaired. =He didn’ t stay in my room last night because it was under repair. 过去完成时的被动语态 否定:主语+had+ not + been + done 一般疑问句:had+主语+been+done 特殊疑问句:疑问词+had+(主语 +)been +done 过去完成时 被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态 + = 主语+had done 主+be+done 主语+ had+ been+done be+done→been + = 用法1: 表示在过去某个动作或者时间之前就已经发生或者已经完成的被动动作，常常与by, before, 等引导的时间状语（从句）连用。 我们到那里时，所有的票都卖完了。 By the time we got there , all the tickets had been sold out. By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes. 将下列句子改为被动句 They had constructed a new bridge over the river by the end of the last month. 用法2: 表示从过去某个时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。 常常与for, since 引导的时间状语（从句）连用 It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了几个星期的广告了 He told us that he had done the research . He suddenly remembered that he had left the key at home. 将下列句子改为被动句 常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought, 等动词后引导的宾语从句（或间接引语中），表示这些动作之前就发生的被动动作。 Scarcely /Rarely/Hardly/ (过去完成时)（部分倒装）+when + 句子（过去时）或 No sooner (过去完成时)（部分倒装）+than…+句子（过去时）句型中，表示“刚….就……, 一…….就……”.当从句中主语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态； 用法3: Hardly had the front door been opened when we could smell something burning. 前门一被打开，我们就能闻到烧焦的气味。 It / This / That was the first / second / ... time + that从句，当从句中主语为动作的承受者时，从句中用过去完成时的被动语态； 用法4: It was the first time that he had been awarded. 这是他第一次获奖 ①Five new buildings _____________ (build) by the end of last year. ②How many buildings _________________ (destroy) when the hurricane ended? ③The manager _____________________ (interview) by a reporter so I didn’t come in. ④It was the first time that the paintings __________________(display) in the US. ⑤The media reported more than 1,000 people ______________ (kill) in the earthquake. Ⅰ 用所给动词的适当形式填空 had been built had been destroyed was being interviewed had been displayed had been killed ⑥The boy _________________(scold) by his father when his mother came back. ⑦It was reported that more than ten criminals ________________ (arrest) by the police already. ⑧I couldn’t use the computer just now because it _______________ (use) by my brother at that time. was being scolded had been arrested was being used B Applying the rules Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs. B 1 Page 21 1. It was an amazing achievement for a player who ______________ (injure) so recently. 2. The swimming pool _____________________________ (clean) thoroughly the day before the competition began. 3. He felt that his talents ___________________(waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change. had been injured had been cleaned/was cleaned were being wasted B Applying the rules Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs. B 1 Page 21 4. Tom was told that his teammate won the race while he ____________________(treat) by the team doctor. 5.Photos of the riders ___________________________(take) before they got on their horses. was being treated had been taken/were taken take one’s place stand in line for inspection look at the scene with satisfaction We were told that ... have a strong constitution word spread that ... find sth everywhere be wet with sweat Useful Expressions in B2 占据位置;准备就绪 排队等待检阅 满意地看现场 我们被告知 有强壮的体格 有消息传来… 发现…到处都是 汗湿了 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 By the time Cathy and I, together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon, arrived at 4:30 a.m., tables (1)_________________ on both sides of the road. Bottles of water and paper cups (2) __________ to different tables, so Cathy and I immediately went to help. Then, we took our place at the table and quickly started to arrange the bottles and cups so that they looked like an army of soldiers standing in line for inspection. I took a step back, and looked at the scene with satisfaction. For the previous couple of weeks, I (3)____________________ on had been placed were being carried had (been) trained make train blow place carry cheer Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 how to be a volunteer for the half-marathon. I decided to vunlunteer for this year's half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee visited my school. We were told that the competitors would be raising money for charity, and while I didn't feel that I had a strong constitution to run that far, I thought the next best thing would be to help those who could. After all the preparations (4)___________________________, the exciting half-marathon began. Cathy and I waited patiently until make train blow place carry cheer had been made/were made Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon. As the tired, thirsty runners ran along, they (5)___________________ by the crowds. Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them. After the last runner passed, I found paper cups and plastic bottles everywhere. The litter (6)________________ around by the wind as I bent over to pick up a plastic bottle. Cathy and I started clearing up. We were tired and wet with sweat but it felt really good to know that we had been able to help others. make train blow place carry cheer were being cheered was being blown had been conducted was being said had been received was being repaired have been made had been reached was being done had been introduced $$