Unit1 Nature in the balance Reading(分层练习)-【上好课】2024-2025学年高一英语同步精品课堂（译林版2020必修第三册）

2025学年高一年级英语同步精品课堂（译林版） Unit 1 Nature in the balance Reading（原卷版） 一、词汇巩固（英汉互译） 1．lily   2．water lily 3．mass 4．beneath   5．mammal 6．jaguar 7． adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的 8． n. 阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材） 9．   adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的; n. 生计，谋生；生活方式 10． n. 昆虫 11． n. 微生物 12． vi. 生存，存活;vt. 幸存，幸免于难 13． n. 蛙，青蛙 14． 相应地，转而 二、根据要求完成句子 1．我建议你每天运动15分钟，这有助于你增强体质。(recommend，定语从句)(汉译英) 2．增强体质的最好办法就是定期进行锻炼。（approach, regular) (汉译英) 3．众所周知，长时间盯着电脑屏幕会伤眼。(It) (汉译英) 4．Over time, some plants develop features which help them to survive in particular conditions. (英译汉) 5．While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. (英译汉) 6．Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.(英译汉) 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．She was the last (survive) member of the family in the earthquake. （所给词的适当形式填空） 2．Why do I measure the (long) of the landmark inside instead of outside? (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The wetlands are home to a large (vary) of wildlife. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Some people are willing to protect sharks from (extinct). (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．They consulted the Premier about his new plan for   (agricultural). （所给词的适当形式填空） 6．UNESCO runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites from (disappear). (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．First, his two sledges (break) down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．According to a report, so far, (million) of people have been dead because of the disease. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Due his efforts, he was admitted into a key university. (用适当的词填空) 二、使用恰当的词或所给单词的适当形式填空。 When we think of bananas, the first image that pops into our minds is a tasty fruit, 1 is a favorite for many. Bananas can be enjoyed in smoothies, desserts, or just eaten on their own. However, there’s so much more to these tropical delights than just 2 (they) delicious taste. Bananas can be a game-changer in your garden, and you might just 3 (surprise) by the benefits. Now, here’s a fun experiment for you. Plant bananas all over your garden and observe the magic that happens just a week later. You’ll notice your plants looking greener, healthier, and more vibrant. The natural nutrients from the banana peels will be absorbed into the soil, 4 (offer) an instant boost to your garden. The soil beneath the banana plants 5 (be) not as calm as its surface, thriving with microbial (微生物的) activity and enriching it for other plants in your garden. 6 (additional), mixed banana peels and leaves can create a nutrient-rich fertilizer that boosts the 7 (grow) of vegetables, herbs, and flowers around it. It’s a cyclical (循环的) gift of nature, where one plant supports the ecosystem as a whole. Mother Nature has provided us 8 a variety of resources, and bananas are one of her most incredible creations. Embrace the power of bananas in your garden and watch as your plants flourish like never before. What 9 wonder! But don’t just take our words for it; try it for yourself 10 (witness) the remarkable transformation. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Fungi (真菌) play an important role in ecosystems, are a source of food, and make key contributions to the world of medicine. 1 An estimated two million fungal species — more than 90% of all fungi — have yet to be described by science, according to a science reporter. 2 Scientists are trying to find out more about this largely unexplored world, but it is challenging. Dr Martyn Ainsworth, a senior researcher from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London, says, “We can grow a certain number in the lab. 3 This has held back a lot of research.” 4 “A lot of people are afraid of poisonous mushrooms,” says Dr Jassy Drakulic, a plant pathologist, “but only a very small proportion of the thousands of species of fungi in the world can cause disease.” Most are harmless and often beneficial, called by some “the hidden helpers of our environment”. Some fungi provide food and shelter for wildlife, help plants absorb water and nutrients and recycle waste and dead matter. Other types of fungi grow on the roots of trees and plants, forming a huge underground network that helps nourish trees. 5 So, next time you add mushrooms to your dinner, take a painkiller for a headache, or go for a walk through the woods, remember to thank the living things that made it all possible — fungi. A．Are mushrooms a type of fungus? B．So, why do we know so little about them? C．Wetlands are important because they provide food and shelter for wildlife. D．The fact that we know so little about fungi leads us to misunderstand them. E．“Fungi are really the behind-the-scenes team doing all the work,” adds Dr Ainsworth. F．But there is a whole host of fungi that we cannot grow in the lab. G．In the UK, there are around 25,000 species of fungi — five or six times more than plants. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025学年高一年级英语同步精品课堂（译林版） Unit 1 Nature in the balance Reading（解析版） 一、词汇巩固（英汉互译） 1．lily   2．water lily 3．mass 4．beneath   5．mammal 6．jaguar 7． adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的 8． n. 阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材） 9．   adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的; n. 生计，谋生；生活方式 10． n. 昆虫 11． n. 微生物 12． vi. 生存，存活;vt. 幸存，幸免于难 13． n. 蛙，青蛙 14． 相应地，转而 【答案】 1．n. 百合（花） 2．睡莲 3．n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群;adj. 大批的，广泛的 4．prep. 在…下面，在…下方；配不上 5．n. 哺乳动物 6．n. 美洲豹，美洲虎 7．towering 8．hardwood 9．living 10．insect 11．microorganism 12．survive 13．frog 14．in turn 【解析】1．lily，为名词，汉语意思为“百合（花）”，故填“n. 百合（花）”。 2．water lily，为名词短语，汉语意思为“睡莲”，故填“睡莲”。 3．mass，为形容词或名词，汉语意思为“大量；团，块，堆；一大群；大批的，广泛的”，故填“n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群;adj. 大批的，广泛的”。 4．beneath，为介词，汉语意思为“在…下面，在…下方；配不上”，故填“prep. 在…下面，在…下方；配不上”。 5．mammal，为名词，汉语意思为“n. 哺乳动物”，故填“哺乳动物”。 6．jaguar，为名词，汉语意思为“n. 美洲豹，美洲虎”，故填“美洲豹，美洲虎”。 7．adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的，英文表达是towering，故答案填towering。 8．n. 阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材），英文表达是hardwood，故答案填hardwood。 9．adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的; n. 生计，谋生；生活方式，英文表达是living，故答案填living。 10．n. 昆虫，英文表达是insect，故答案填insect。 11．n. 微生物，英文表达是microorganism，故答案填microorganism。 12．vi. 生存，存活;vt. 幸存，幸免于难，英文表达是survive，故答案填survive。 13．n. 蛙，青蛙，英文表达是frog，故答案填frog。 14．相应地，转而，英文表达是in turn，故答案填in turn。 二、根据要求完成句子 1．我建议你每天运动15分钟，这有助于你增强体质。(recommend，定语从句)(汉译英) 【答案】It’s recommended/I recommend that you should take exercise/work out for 15 minutes on a daily basis, which can help you build up your body. 【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。表示“我建议”可用句型It’s recommended that，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语，或I recommend that…，that引导宾语从句，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形；从句主语为you；表示“运动”短语为take exercise或work out；表示“每天十五分钟”可用for 15 minutes on a daily basis；后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which；表示“帮助某人做某事”短语为help sb. do sth.，can后跟动词原形；表示“增强体质”短语为build up your body。故翻译为It’s recommended/I recommend that you should take exercise/work out for 15 minutes on a daily basis, which can help you build up your body. 2．增强体质的最好办法就是定期进行锻炼。（approach, regular) (汉译英) 【答案】The best approach to building up your body is to take regular exercise. 【详解】考查句子结构和时态。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，使用主系表结构，“……的最好办法”用短语The best approach to...，句首单词首字母大写，to为介词，后接动名词形式；“增强体质”用短语build up one’s body，即主语“增强体质的最好办法”为The best approach to building up your body；be动词使用is；“锻炼”用短语take exercise；“定期”用形容词regular；句中用不定式作表语，可以表达某个动作或行为，具有较强的目的性和计划性。故翻译为The best approach to building up your body is to take regular exercise. 3．众所周知，长时间盯着电脑屏幕会伤眼。(It) (汉译英) 【答案】It is well known that staring at a computer screen for a long time can damage your eyes. 【详解】考查固定句型和动词。It is well known that… 是固定句型，意为“众所周知……”。“盯着”用动词短语stare at，在句中用作主语，可以使用动名词形式作主语，“电脑屏幕”可翻译为a computer screen，“长时间”可翻译为for a long time，“伤害”可使用动词damage在句中作谓语，“眼睛”可使用名词eyes。该句陈述一般事实，因此可使用一般现在时。故翻译为It is well known that staring at a computer screen for a long time can damage your eyes. 4．Over time, some plants develop features which help them to survive in particular conditions. (英译汉) 【答案】随着时间的推移，一些植物发展出有助于它们在特定条件下生存的特征。 【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，该句为包含一个定语从句的主从复合句，Over time表示 “随着时间的推移”作状语，some plants“一些植物”为主句的主语，develop“发展处”为主句的谓语；features“特征”为主句的宾语；后接关系代词which引导的定语从句对features的修饰，在该从句中，help them to survive表示“帮助它们生存”；in particular conditions表示“在特定条件下”。故翻译为：随着时间的推移，一些植物发展出有助于它们在特定条件下生存的特征。 5．While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. (英译汉) 【答案】尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，该句为连词While表示“尽管”引导的让步状语从句，在该从句中，a significant number of jaguars表示“相当多的美洲豹”为从句的主语，谓语动词为survive表示“生存”，here翻译为：在这里，作状语；在主句中，主语为they表示“它们”，谓语动词为are；表语为one element of this forest's food chain“这个雨林食物链的一个要素”。故翻译为：尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 6．Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.(英译汉) 【答案】雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。 【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，该句为简单的主谓宾句型结构，主语为Each level of the forest“雨林的每一层”；谓语为forms“形成”；宾语为its own little world“自己的小世界”；home to different kinds of living things“成为各种生物的家园”是名词world的同位语。故翻译为：雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家园。 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．She was the last (survive) member of the family in the earthquake. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】surviving 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她是地震中最后一个幸存的家庭成员。此处为形容词surviving“幸存的”修饰member，作定语。故填surviving。 2．Why do I measure the (long) of the landmark inside instead of outside? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：为什么要测量地标的内部长度而不是外部长度？定冠词the后面接名词，所给词long的名词形式是length，为抽象名词，作动词measure的宾语。故填length。 3．The wetlands are home to a large (vary) of wildlife. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】variety 【详解】考查名词。句意：湿地是多种野生动物的栖息地。“各种各样的”为固定短语a variety of。故填variety。 4．Some people are willing to protect sharks from (extinct). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】extinction 【详解】考查名词。句意：有些人愿意保护鲨鱼免于灭绝。本空用extinct的名词形式extinction“灭绝”，作介词from的宾语。故填extinction。 5．They consulted the Premier about his new plan for   (agricultural). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】agriculture 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们就总理的农业新计划向他请教。设空处使用名词作宾语。agriculture为agricultural的名词，意为“农业”。故填agriculture。 6．UNESCO runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites from (disappear). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】disappearing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：联合国教科文组织实施了一项防止世界文化遗产消失的计划。分析句子可知，这里考查prevent sth. from doing sth表“阻止某物做某事”，为固定搭配，再根据句意可知，这里是表示防止世界文化遗产“消失”，所以这里应用动名词disappearing，在本句中作介词后的宾语。故填disappearing。 7．First, his two sledges (break) down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】broke 【详解】考查时态。句意：首先，他的两辆雪橇坏了，然后马开始在雪和寒冷中遇到严重的困难。此处作谓语动词，主语为his two sledges，break down为不及物动词作谓语动词，且根据后文的began可知，此处应用过去时，故填broke。 8．According to a report, so far, (million) of people have been dead because of the disease. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】millions 【详解】考查数词。句意：据报道，到目前为止，已有数百万人死于这种疾病。millions of“数百万的”为固定用法。故填millions。 9．Due his efforts, he was admitted into a key university. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：由于他的努力，他被一所重点大学录取了。表示“由于，因为”短语为due to，故填to。 二、使用恰当的词或所给单词的适当形式填空。 When we think of bananas, the first image that pops into our minds is a tasty fruit, 1 is a favorite for many. Bananas can be enjoyed in smoothies, desserts, or just eaten on their own. However, there’s so much more to these tropical delights than just 2 (they) delicious taste. Bananas can be a game-changer in your garden, and you might just 3 (surprise) by the benefits. Now, here’s a fun experiment for you. Plant bananas all over your garden and observe the magic that happens just a week later. You’ll notice your plants looking greener, healthier, and more vibrant. The natural nutrients from the banana peels will be absorbed into the soil, 4 (offer) an instant boost to your garden. The soil beneath the banana plants 5 (be) not as calm as its surface, thriving with microbial (微生物的) activity and enriching it for other plants in your garden. 6 (additional), mixed banana peels and leaves can create a nutrient-rich fertilizer that boosts the 7 (grow) of vegetables, herbs, and flowers around it. It’s a cyclical (循环的) gift of nature, where one plant supports the ecosystem as a whole. Mother Nature has provided us 8 a variety of resources, and bananas are one of her most incredible creations. Embrace the power of bananas in your garden and watch as your plants flourish like never before. What 9 wonder! But don’t just take our words for it; try it for yourself 10 (witness) the remarkable transformation. 【答案】 1．which 2．their 3．be surprised 4．offering 5．is 6．Additionally 7．growth 8．with 9．a 10．to witness 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了香蕉及其在花园中的神奇作用。香蕉不仅美味，而且其皮和叶能为花园里的植物提供养分，促进植物生长，是一种自然的馈赠。 1．考查定语从句。句意：当我们想到香蕉时，我们脑海中闪现的第一个图像是一种美味的水果，这是许多人的最爱。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a tasty fruit，指物，在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。 2．考查代词。句意：然而，这些热带美味水果的不仅仅是它们的美味。设空处修饰名词taste，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 3．考查动词语态。句意：香蕉会改变你的花园，你可能会对它的好处感到惊讶。be surprised by为固定短语，意为“对……感到惊讶”，且设空处置于情态动词might后，故使用情态动词的被动语态结构。故填be surprised。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：香蕉皮中的天然营养成分会被土壤吸收，为你的花园提供即时的营养。句中will be absorbed为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处offer与逻辑主语The natural nutrients from the banana peels之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填offering。 5．考查动词时态。句意：香蕉树下的土壤并不像它的表面那样平静，它充满了微生物活动，为你的花园里的其他植物提供了丰富的营养。设空处使用动词作谓语，句子描述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，句子的主语是不可数名词the soil，故谓语用单数形式。故填is。 6．考查副词。句意：此外，混合的香蕉皮和叶子可以创造一种富含营养的肥料，促进周围蔬菜、草药和花卉的生长。设空处修饰整个句子，应用additional的副词形式additionally，同时该空位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Additionally。 7．考查名词。句意：同上。设空处使用grow的名词growth作boost的宾语，the growth of为固定短语，意为“……的生长”。故填growth。 8．考查介词。句意：大自然母亲为我们提供了各种各样的资源，而香蕉是她最不可思议的创造之一。句中provide sb with sth为固定短语，意为“为某人提供某物”。故填with。 9．考查冠词。句意：真是个奇迹啊！设空处wonder为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，且wonder是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：但不要只听我们说的；你自己去试试，见证一下这个了不起的变化。句中try为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处使用不定式结构作状语。故填to witness。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Fungi (真菌) play an important role in ecosystems, are a source of food, and make key contributions to the world of medicine. 1 An estimated two million fungal species — more than 90% of all fungi — have yet to be described by science, according to a science reporter. 2 Scientists are trying to find out more about this largely unexplored world, but it is challenging. Dr Martyn Ainsworth, a senior researcher from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London, says, “We can grow a certain number in the lab. 3 This has held back a lot of research.” 4 “A lot of people are afraid of poisonous mushrooms,” says Dr Jassy Drakulic, a plant pathologist, “but only a very small proportion of the thousands of species of fungi in the world can cause disease.” Most are harmless and often beneficial, called by some “the hidden helpers of our environment”. Some fungi provide food and shelter for wildlife, help plants absorb water and nutrients and recycle waste and dead matter. Other types of fungi grow on the roots of trees and plants, forming a huge underground network that helps nourish trees. 5 So, next time you add mushrooms to your dinner, take a painkiller for a headache, or go for a walk through the woods, remember to thank the living things that made it all possible — fungi. A．Are mushrooms a type of fungus? B．So, why do we know so little about them? C．Wetlands are important because they provide food and shelter for wildlife. D．The fact that we know so little about fungi leads us to misunderstand them. E．“Fungi are really the behind-the-scenes team doing all the work,” adds Dr Ainsworth. F．But there is a whole host of fungi that we cannot grow in the lab. G．In the UK, there are around 25,000 species of fungi — five or six times more than plants. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．F 4．D 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了真菌的作用。 1．上文“Fungi (真菌) play an important role in ecosystems, are a source of food, and make key contributions to the world of medicine.( 真菌在生态系统中发挥着重要作用，是食物的来源，并为医学界做出了重要贡献)”提到真菌的重要作用，下文“An estimated two million fungal specie — more than 90% of all fungi — have yet to be described by science(估计有200万种真菌——占所有真菌的90%以上——尚未被科学描述)”提到90%以上的真菌尚未被科学描述，B项“那么，为什么我们对它们知之甚少呢？”承上启下，B项中it指代上文中的“Fungi”，故选B。 2．根据上文“An estimated two million fungal specie — more than 90% of all fungi — have yet to be described by science(估计有200万种真菌——占所有真菌的90%以上——尚未被科学描述)”可知，估计有200万种真菌尚未被科学描述，G项“在英国，大约有25000种真菌，是植物的5到6倍”承接上文，进一步描述真菌的庞大数量，故选G。 3．上文“We can grow a certain number in the lab.(我们可以在实验室里培育一定数量的植物)”提到可以在实验室里培育一定数量的植物，结合下文“This has held back a lot of research.(这阻碍了很多研究)”可知，空处应是提及阻碍研究的因素，F项“但是有很多真菌是我们无法在实验室里培养的”符合语境，故选F。 4．根据下文“‘A lot of people are afraid of poisonous mushrooms,’ says Dr Jassy Drakulic, a plant pathologist, ‘but only a very small proportion of the thousands of species of fungi in the world can cause disease.’(植物病理学家Jassy Drakulic博士说：‘很多人都害怕有毒的蘑菇，但在世界上成千上万种真菌中，只有很小一部分会致病。’)”可知，真菌被人们误解，D项“我们对真菌知之甚少，这使我们对它们产生了误解”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据上文“Other types of fungi grow on the roots of trees and plants, forming a huge underground network that helps nourish trees.(其他种类的真菌生长在树木和植物的根部，形成一个巨大的地下网络，帮助滋养树木)”可知，真菌生长在树木和植物的根部，形成一个巨大的地下网络，帮助滋养树木，E项“‘真菌确实是幕后团队，完成了所有的工作，’Ainsworth博士补充道”总结上文真菌的作用，E项“behind-the-scenes”呼应上文“a huge underground network”，真菌在地下形成巨大的网络，是幕后团队，故选E。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$