Units5-7英语语法归纳（期末复习）课件2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语上册

动词不定式 一、含义 1. 由“_____________”构成，是非谓语动词的一种。 2. 在句子中不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化，其否定结构是“_________________” 3. 在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语等。 to＋动词原形 not to＋动词原形 Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show? Do you want to watch the news? Yes, I do. / No, I don't. What do you plan to watch tonight? I plan to watch Days of Our Past. What can you expect to learn from sitcoms? You can learn some great jokes. Why do you like watching the news? Because I hope to find out what's going on around the world. What do you think of talk shows? I don't mind them. / I can't stand them! / I love watching them! Grammar Focus 划出动词不定式to do 思考他们在句中作什么成分？ 总结： 用于动词后面的不定式，充当宾语成分，称为：动词不定式作宾语 动词不定式的形式： to+动词原形 动词不定式做宾语的用法 常见的跟动词不定式做宾语的动词: 尝试______ 期望 ______ 希望 _______ 计划 ______ 决定 ______ 开始 _______ 开始 ______ 想要 ______________ 学习 ______ 需要 ______ 要求 _______ want/would like expect hope plan decide begin start try learn need ask 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Mother's Day is coming. What do you want ________（buy) for your mom? 2. Her daughter is learning _________ (play) the piano. 3. Alice seems __________ (like) the gift very much. 4. I hope___________(visit) Sanya this winter. 5.I expect you __________(come) here tomorrow on time. to buy to play to like to visit to come Exercise 一、动词不定式作真正的宾语 I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这项工作很难。 找出宾语 形式宾语 真正的宾语 常见结构： sb. + feel/find/make/think/believe + it + adj. + to do sth. Eg: 1. I think ______ hard _____ ________ the question. 我觉得这个问题很难回答。 2. This will make ______ possible for us ______ _______ the work today. 这将使得我们今天有可能完成这项工作。 it to answer it to finish 1. 特殊疑问词+to do 作宾语 what, which, who, where, when, how to do 这种结构往往跟在：decide, know, ask, show, teach, guess, find out 等动词（短语）后 He doesn't know what to do next. 他不知道接下来做什么。 Sam didn't decide where to go. 萨姆没决定去哪里。 二、其他词+to do 作宾语 know, ask, teach, show, find out等后常接“what/ which/ who/ where/ when/how+动词不定式”作宾语 注意！！ 1. He can teach you ____ ___ _______ the question. 他能教你如何回答这个问题。 2. I don't know ______ ______ _______. 我不知道该去哪里。 3.I don’t know ______ ______ _______ next. 我不知道接下来该干什么。 how to answer where to go what to do 感官动词后接动词两种形式。　 听觉 listen to; hear　 视觉 look at; see; watch　 嗅觉 smell　 触觉 feel　 味觉 taste　 拓展！！ do sth. 全过程 doing sth. 正在做 重点！！ stop，forget，remember，try等这些动词后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词­ing形式作宾语，但所表达的意思不同。 记得要做某事（事情还没做） 记得做过某事（事情已经做了） 忘记要做某事（事情还没做） 忘记做过某事（事情已经做了） 设法努力做某事 尝试做某事 停下来去做某事（另外一件事） 停下正在做的事（同一件事） remember to do sth. remember doing sth. forget to do sth. forget doing sth. try to do sth. try doing sth. stop to do sth. stop doing sth. 1.Please stop_______and go out for a walk. Remember _____ warm clothes. A.to study;wearing B.studying;to wear C.to study;to wear D.studying;wearing 2.The baby stopped _____ and _____the music. A. crying; to listen B. to cry; listened to C. crying; to listen to D. to cry; listen to 3.Lisa often forgets _____ the door, but she remembered _____ it when she left yesterday. A. closing; close        B. to close; close C. closing; to close      D. to close; closing B C D Exercise 动词不定式做其他成分 作主语 To ask the teacher for help is necessary. =It is necessary to ask the teacher for help. 向老师寻求帮助是必要的。 【仿写】学习英语是快乐的。It is happy to learn English. 作表语 My hobby is to listen to music. 我的爱好是听音乐。 【仿写】我的工作是每天打扫房间。 My work is to clean the room every day. 作定语 I have nothing to do today. 今天我没什么事可做。 【仿写】你有什么要说的吗? Do you have anything to say? 作状语 Later he left home to work in different cities. 后来他离开家到不同的城市工作。 【仿写】我来只是向你告别。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 1. 动词不定式作主语。动词不定式作主语可以放在后面，而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 eg: To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。 It’s necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。 2. 动词不定式作表语, 通常是对系动词前面的名词进行解释说明。 结构：be + to do 作表语 eg: My dream is to be a doctor . His work is to feed the animals. 3. 动词不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。 eg: I have nothing to say on this question. 对这个问题我无可奉告。 4. 动词不定式作状语。 放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。 跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。 用在too…to…结构中。 eg: He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。 He is too young to understand all that. 他太年轻了，不能理解这件事情。 形容词 + to do sure(肯定), happy(开心), sorry(抱歉), afraid(害怕), ready(准备好) I am very happy to see you. 我很高兴见到你。 Jack is afraid to ask questions. 杰克害怕问问题。 猜猜有哪些词？ 4. 动词不定式作状语。 5. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 结构：动词+ sb. + to do sth. allow sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. encourage sb. to do sth. expect sb. to do sth. invite sb. to do sth. teach sb. to do sth. tell sb. to do sth. want sb. to do sth. warn sb. to do sth. wish sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 要求某人做某事 鼓励某人做某事 期待某人做某事 邀请某人做某事 教某人做某事 告诉某人做某事 想要某人做某事 警告某人做某事 希望某人做某事 1. To learn English is very important. 2. It is difficult for me to swim. 3. My father always tells me not to play computer games for a long time. 4.The best way to learn English is to use it. 5.We need a room to live in. 6.I went to the hospital to see Mary. 7.I am very glad to see you again. 作主语 作主语 作宾补 作定语 作表语 作定语 作目的状语 作原因状语 指出下列不定式在句中做什么成分。 Exercise What do you want to be when you grow up? I want to be an engineer. How are you going to do that? I’m going to study math really hard. Where are you going to work? I’m going to move to Shanghai. When are you going to start? I’m going to start when I finish high school and college. Please underline “be going to”. Grammar Focus 描述将来的______________，用______________， 结构为：主语 + ______________ + ______ + 其他。 be随________变化为______________。 一般将来时 be + going to 动原 计划、打算 主语 am/is/are 1.be going to表将来 be going to do sth. 意图、打算做某事或预见即将发生某事; 常与tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening, soon, tonight, next year/week/month, in the future, in + 时间段等表示将来意义的时间状语连用。其陈述句肯定结构为“主语+ am / is / are going to +动词原形.” 如： He is going to buy her some flowers next week.   (意图、打算做某事) Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain.  (预见即将发生某事) 2.be going to结构中： 1) be要根据主语的变化相应地变换为am, is或are; 2) 变否定句时在be (am / is / are)后加not； 3) 变一般疑问句时，将be (am / is / are)提到句首； 4) 特殊疑问句结构为 “疑问词+ be(am / is / are) +主语+ going to +动词原形” e.g. I’m not going to play football this afternoon. We aren’t going to visit Beijing next week. Are you going to visit the Great Wall next month? When are you going to clean your bedroom? be going to的句子结构总结 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 主语+be(am/is/are)+not+going+to+动词原形+其他. 主语+be(am/is/are)+going +to+动词原形+其他. Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+going+to+动词原形+其他? 疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+going+to+动词原形+其他？ 3. 使用 be going to 结构要注意的问题： (1) be 动词随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。 埃里克打算加入英语俱乐部。 Eric ____ going to join the English club. is (2) be going to后一般不接 go, come, leave, arrive等表位置移动的词，这类动词通常用现在进行时表将来。 她将动身前往上海。 She is leaving for Shanghai. (3)含 be going to 的 there be 句型的句子结构为“There is/are going to be +主语+其他.”。主语是可数 名词单数或不可数名词时，be动词用 is；主语是可数 名词复数时，be动词用 are。 明天将有一场大雪。 There is going to be a heavy snow tomorrow. 下周日在我们学校有两场足球比赛。 There are going to be two football matches in our school next Sunday. (4)表示客观必然会发生的事时，不用 be going to结构。 今天是星期六，明天是星期日。 Today is Saturday, and tomorrow is Sunday. Try to recite Grammar Focus. 1. 你长大后想做什么？ 2. 我想成为一名工程师。 3. 你打算如何做？ 4. 我打算非常努力地学习数学。 5. 你打算去哪里工作？ 6. 我打算搬到上海。 7. 你打算从什么时候开始？ 8. 我打算读完高中和大学后开始。 What do you want to be when you grow up? I want to be an engineer. How are you going to do that? I’m going to study math really hard. Where are you going to work? I’m going to move to Shanghai. When are you going to start? I’m going to start when I finish high school and college. 一般将来时（will，be going to） 肯定形式 will+V.原，be going to+V.原 否定形式 will not+V.原，be not going to+V.原 标志词 tomorrow, soon, next year, in three days, in the future, the day after tomorrow Unit 7 Will people have robots? be going to +V. 原 will+V.原 近期、眼下要发生的事 将来时间较远 主观判断将来肯定发生的事 客观上将要发生的事 有“计划、准备”的意思 没有“计划、准备”的意思 区别 “主语+will”常用缩略形式： I will = I’ll, you will = you’ll, he will = he’ll, she will = she’ll, it will = it’ll, we will = we’ll, they will = they’ll will not 常用其缩略形式 一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形+……？如： — Will there be less pollution in the future? 将来的污染会更少吗？ — Yes, there will. 是的，会更少。 / No, there will not. 不，不会更少。 won’t there be 句型的一般将来时： 肯定式：There + ________ + 其他 否定式： There + ___________ + 其他 一般疑问句：____________ + be + 其他? 答语： Yes, there will. / No, there won’t. will + be won’t + be Will + there 1. 将会有更多的人口。 ___________________________________ 2. 100年后将不会有钱币。 ___________________________________ There will be more people. There won’t be any money in 100 years. 可数名词 1. more + 不可数名词 2. less + 不可数名词 3. fewer + 可数名词 更多的果汁 更多的歌曲 更少的消息 更少的演员 Countable nouns (修饰可数名词） Uncountable nouns（修饰不可数名词） There will be more people. There will be fewer trees. There will be more pollution. There will be less free time. 将会有更多的人。 将会有更少的空闲时间。 将会有更多的污染。 将会有更少的树。 more songs more juice less news fewer actors $$